1
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Zhao L, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Huang C, Gao J, Wang F. Including the rare cubane cluster cobalt coordination polymer as the fluorescent sensing material for selectively and sensitively detecting the nitrofurantoin antibiotic. Talanta 2024; 280:126726. [PMID: 39173246 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
More and more attention has been paid to food safety. Due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, the problem of antibiotic residues in animal food is one of the important challenges to ensure food safety. The development of a feasible strategy to detect antibiotic residues in animal food has become desirable. In this paper, we creatively synthesize a water-stable fluorescence sensing material, namely, Co(Ⅱ)-Coordination polymer [Co2(CA) (L)0.5 (H2O)3] n (L = 1,4-bis(imidazole-1-ylmethyl) benzene, CA= Citric acid). The single crystal X-ray diffraction shows that it crystallizes in tetragonal space group I-4. It is worth mentioning that there exists the rare Co4(μ3-O)4 cubane cluster structure and Co8 cluster units. Those adjacent Co8 cluster units are connected into an infinite two-dimensional net structure by four flexible bridged L ligands. Finally, the Co(Ⅱ)-Coordination polymer (CP) further develops into the three-dimensional supramolecular structure via the hydrogen bonds of O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O. It could selectively detect the antibiotic-nitrofurantoin (NFT) residue by way of fluorescence quenching, Co-CP for the detection of NFT shows broad linearity from 0 to 200 μM, with a detection limit of 0.13 μM and strong anti-interference ability. It is used to detect the NFT residual of tap water and milk with a spiked recovery of 86.35-112.47 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China; College of Qian'an, North China University of Science and Technology, Qian'an, Hebei, 064400, China.
| | - Dianwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Cuimiao Huang
- College of Qian'an, North China University of Science and Technology, Qian'an, Hebei, 064400, China
| | - Ju Gao
- College of Qian'an, North China University of Science and Technology, Qian'an, Hebei, 064400, China
| | - Fenghuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China.
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2
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Shchemelev IS, Ivanov AV, Ferapontov NB. Composite "Crosslinked Polyvinyl Alcohol-Magnetite" as a Stimuli-Responsive Matrix for Optical Methods. Molecules 2024; 29:2794. [PMID: 38930858 PMCID: PMC11206915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The preparation and application of the composite material "crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol-magnetite" as a sensitive matrix for use in digital colorimetry and optical micrometry methods are discussed. The material was synthesized in the form of spherical granules (for micrometry) and thin films (for digital colorimetry). The obtained composites were characterized by the registration of magnetization curves. It was shown that the amount of grown Fe3O4 particles in the polymer gel is in linear dependence with the iron salt concentrations in the impregnating solutions. The composite granules were applied to determining monosaccharides using optical micrometry. The optimal pH value for the total amount of monosaccharides' determination was 8.6. The study of the analytical response of composite granules and films performed with a low limit of detection (7.9 mmol/dm3) of both glucose and fructose and a possibility of the control of high alcohol contention in water media. The granules were used to determine the total carbohydrate content in samples of natural honey and syrups with high fructose contents, while the films were used to control the alcohol content in hand antiseptics. The results obtained are in good agreement with the data provided by the manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S. Shchemelev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia or (A.V.I.); (N.B.F.)
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia or (A.V.I.); (N.B.F.)
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the RAS, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay B. Ferapontov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia or (A.V.I.); (N.B.F.)
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3
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Mei Q, Ma B, Li J, Deng X, Shuai J, Zhou Y, Zhang M. Simultaneous detection of three nitrofuran antibiotics by the lateral flow immunoassay based on europium nanoparticles in aquatic products. Food Chem 2024; 439:138171. [PMID: 38100875 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrofuran (NF) antibiotics have been banned worldwide in aquaculture due to their potential carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Because of the short half-life of NF antibiotics, an easy and sensitive multiple lateral flow immunoassay (mLFIA) based on europium nanoparticles (EuNPs) has been successfully established to simultaneously and quantitatively detect 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) and sodium nifurstylenate (NFS) in aquatic products. The EuNP-mLFIA assay was accomplished within 10 min. The limits of detection (LODs) for AOZ, AMOZ and NFS were 0.013, 0.019 and 0.023 ng/mL, respectively. The average recoveries of AOZ, AMOZ and NFS were 98.0-104.4%, 96.0-102.6% and 98.0-102.8%, respectively. It showed satisfactory consistency, and the feasibility was validated by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Briefly, this method will become a powerful tool for monitoring multiple NF antibiotics and provide promising applications in the field of food safety and environmental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Mei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Biao Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jiali Li
- Hangzhou Quickgene Sci-Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xin Deng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jiangbing Shuai
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Mingzhou Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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4
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Yang G, Ding S, Zhang J, Gu L, Zhai W, Kong C. Research progress on metabolites of nitrofurazone in aquatic products. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29735. [PMID: 38681547 PMCID: PMC11046211 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The carcinogenic and teratogenic risks of nitrofurazone (NFZ) led to its restriction in aquatic products. Semicarbazide (SEM), one of its metabolites, is a primary focus of modern monitoring techniques. However, the SEM residue in aquatic products is believed to be formed through endogenous mechanisms, especially for aquatic crustaceans. In this article, we will discuss the source of SEM, including its usage as an antibiotic in aquatic products (nitrofurazone), its production during food processing (azodicarbonamide and hypochlorite treatment), its occurrence naturally in the body, and its intake from the environment. SEM detection techniques were divided into three groups: derivatization, extraction/purification, and analytical methods. Applications based on liquid chromatography and its tandem mass spectrometry, immunoassay, and electrochemical methods were outlined, as were the use of various derivatives and their assisted derivatization, as well as extraction and purification techniques based on liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction. The difficulties of implementing SEM for nitrofurazone monitoring in aquatic products from crustaceans are also discussed. Possible new markers and methods for detecting them are discussed. Finally, the present research on monitoring illicit nitrofurazone usage through its metabolites is summarised, and potential problems that need to be overcome by continuing research are proposed with an eye toward giving references for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Yang
- (East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
- (School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhai Ding
- (East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
- (School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- (East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
- (School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Gu
- (School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlei Zhai
- (Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Kong
- (East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
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5
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Efthymiou C, Boti V, Konstantinou I, Albanis T. Aqueous fate of furaltadone: Kinetics, high-resolution mass spectrometry - based elucidation and toxicity assessment of photoproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170848. [PMID: 38340835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Furaltadone (FTD) is an antibiotic belonging to the nitrofurans group. It has been broadly used in livestock and aquaculture for therapeutic purposes, as well as for stimulating promotion. Although the European Union has imposed restrictions on the use of FTD since 1995 due to concerns regarding its toxicity, in many cases FTD has been excessively and/or illegally applied in productive animals in developing countries, because of its high efficacy and low-cost. Unlike other nitrofuran compounds, the hydrolytic and photolytic behavior of FTD in natural aquatic systems has not been thoroughly investigated. To this end, hydrolysis in different pH values and photolysis in aquatic environment, including lake, river and sea water have been both examined. Hydrolysis was found to have an insignificant impact on degradation of FTD in the aquatic environment relevant pH values, whereas indirect photolysis proved to be the main route of its elimination. The identification of tentative photoproducts (PPs) was performed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid LTQ/Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. A possible pathway for photolytic transformation of FTD was proposed. Additionally, in silico simulations were used to evaluate the toxicity such as the mutagenicity of FTD and PPs. Complementary to the low-cost and time-limited simulations, an in vitro method (Vibrio Fischeri bioluminescence) was also used to assess ecotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasiliki Boti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research and Innovation Center, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Unit of Environmental, Organic and Biochemical high-resolution analysis-Orbitrap-LC-MS, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Konstantinou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research and Innovation Center, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Unit of Environmental, Organic and Biochemical high-resolution analysis-Orbitrap-LC-MS, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Albanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research and Innovation Center, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Unit of Environmental, Organic and Biochemical high-resolution analysis-Orbitrap-LC-MS, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
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6
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Melekhin AO, Tolmacheva VV, Goncharov NO, Apyari VV, Parfenov MY, Bulkatov DP, Dmitrienko SG, Zolotov YA. Rapid multi-residue LC-MS/MS determination of nitrofuran metabolites, nitroimidazoles, amphenicols, and quinolones in honey with ultrasonic-assisted derivatization - magnetic solid-phase extraction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 237:115764. [PMID: 37804641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
A rapid multi-residue LC-MS/MS method for the identification and determination of banned veterinary drugs in honey was developed. A total of 31 investigated veterinary drugs belonging to 4 classes including nitrofurans metabolites, nitroimidazoles, amphenicols, and quinolones were quantified by LC-MS/MS with ESI using one single injection. The sample preparation included treatment with 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde (5-NFA) in a thermostated ultrasonic bath (80 °C, 0.5М НСl, 20 min) to liberate matrix-bound residues of nitrofurans. Magnetic hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HCP/Fe3O4) was proposed for the solid-phase extraction and clean-up of target analytes prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. To evaluate and validate the performance of method, the criteria of the Decision (EC) no 2002/657 were applied. The LOQs of the examined analytes range from 0.3 to 1 μg kg-1, which indicates good sensitivity to quantify the target compounds in honey. The recoveries of veterinary drugs from 1 g of honey with 50 mg of the sorbent are 97-109% for nitrofuran metabolites, 84-115% for nitroimidazoles, 86-103% for amphenicols, and 97-118% for quinolones. The relative standard deviations of intra-day and inter-day precision analyses (RSD) are less than 16%. This methodology was applied to real honey samples and trace levels of some veterinary drugs were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Melekhin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Federal Centre for Animal Health, Orangereynaya st., 23, 111622 Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Tolmacheva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - N O Goncharov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Apyari
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - M Yu Parfenov
- Federal Centre for Animal Health, Orangereynaya st., 23, 111622 Moscow, Russia
| | - D P Bulkatov
- Federal Centre for Animal Health, Orangereynaya st., 23, 111622 Moscow, Russia
| | - S G Dmitrienko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu A Zolotov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Zhang XH, Qing XD, Zheng JJ, Yu Y, Huang J, Kang C, Liu Z. Aqueous two-phase systems coupled with chemometrics-enhanced HPLC-DAD for simultaneous extraction and determination of flavonoids in honey. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100766. [PMID: 37780266 PMCID: PMC10534099 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an accurate, rapid, green, and environment friendly method for the extraction and quantitative analysis of flavonoids in honey was established by using the aqueous two-phase extraction combined with the chemometrics-assisted HPLC-DAD. The first purpose of this study was to extract seven flavonoids in five different types of honey using alcohol/salt aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). The system with 2.82 mL sodium citrate (30%), 1.58 mL water, and 3.10 mL isopropanol, showed the highest flavonoids extraction yields in the top phase (87.66-101.50%). Additionally, the three-way array of honey samples based on HPLC-DAD was decomposed mathematically by the alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm to obtain reasonable chromatograms, spectra, and concentration profiles for each analyte. Compared with the traditional solid-phase extraction method, the ATPS-ATLD-based method showed satisfactory spiked recoveries, lower limit of detection, and higher sensitivity, further verifying its accuracy and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Qing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dark Tea and Jin-hua, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid-detection Technology for Food Safety, Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
| | - Chao Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
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8
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Pratiwi R, Ramadhanti SP, Amatulloh A, Megantara S, Subra L. Recent Advances in the Determination of Veterinary Drug Residues in Food. Foods 2023; 12:3422. [PMID: 37761131 PMCID: PMC10527676 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of drug residues in food products has become a growing concern because of the adverse health risks and regulatory implications. Drug residues in food refer to the presence of pharmaceutical compounds or their metabolites in products such as meat, fish, eggs, poultry and ready-to-eat foods, which are intended for human consumption. These residues can come from the use of drugs in the field of veterinary medicine, such as antibiotics, antiparasitic agents, growth promoters and other veterinary drugs given to livestock and aquaculture with the aim of providing them as prophylaxis, therapy and for promoting growth. Various analytical techniques are used for this purpose to control the maximum residue limit. Compliance with the maximum residue limit is very important for food manufacturers according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Union (EU) regulations. Effective monitoring and control of drug residues in food requires continuous advances in analytical techniques. Few studies have been reviewed on sample extraction and preparation techniques as well as challenges and future directions for the determination of veterinary drug residues in food. This current review focuses on the overview of regulations, classifications and types of food, as well as the latest analytical methods that have been used in recent years (2020-2023) for the determination of drug residues in food so that appropriate methods and accurate results can be used. The results show that chromatography is still a widely used technique for the determination of drug residue in food. Other approaches have been developed including immunoassay, biosensors, electrophoresis and molecular-based methods. This review provides a new development method that has been used to control veterinary drug residue limit in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimadani Pratiwi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (S.P.R.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Shinta Permata Ramadhanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (S.P.R.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Asyifa Amatulloh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (S.P.R.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Sandra Megantara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (S.P.R.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Laila Subra
- Faculty of Bioeconomic, Food and Health Sciences, University of Geomatika Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54200, Malaysia;
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9
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Dong Y, Wang R, Chen Y, Hong Z, Wang G. Facile synthesis of triazine-based porous organic polymer for the extraction and determination of nitrofuran metabolites residues from meat samples with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1693:463875. [PMID: 36812775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel triazine-based porous organic polymers, TAPT-BPDD, was firstly synthesized by a facile method at room temperature. After characterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM, XRPD, TGA, and nitrogen-sorption experiments, TAPT-BPDD was applied as solid-phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent for the extraction of four trace nitrofuran metabolites (NFMs) from meat samples. The key parameters including the adsorbent dosage, sample pH, type and volume of eluents, type of washing solvents were evaluated in the extraction process. Combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) analysis, good linear relationship (1-50 µg·kg-1, R2>0.9925) and low limits of detection (LODs, 0.05-0.56 µg·kg-1) were obtained under the optimal conditions. When spiked at different level, the recoveries were in the range of 72.7-111.6%. The adsorption isothermal model and extraction selectivity of TAPT-BPDD were also studied in detail. The results showed that TAPT-BPDD was a kind of promising SPE adsorbent for the enrichment of organics in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjiao Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhikai Hong
- Engineering Research Institute of Guangdong Guangken Animal Husbandry Group, GKAH-ERI, China
| | - Guanhua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Yu H, Zhang X, Hu S, Chen X. Investigation of the conversion mechanism of endogenous semicarbazide in shrimp on the amino acid level. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114393. [PMID: 36508808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Semicarbazide (SEM), the metabolite of antibiotic nitrofurazone, is often used as the biomarker to determine the use of nitrofurazone. Frequent false-positive events of SEM have brought great trouble to the aquatic industry in international trade. In this paper, the situation of endogenous SEM in aquatic products was investigated, and the possible mechanism of amino acid conversion into SEM was studied by establishing a simulated oxidation system and a urea system. The results revealed the presence of endogenous SEM in the muscle tissue of shrimps, and the content of SEM ranged from 0.56 to 5.28 ng/g, which presented as Macrobrachium nipponense>Macrobrachium rosenbergii>Procambarus clarkii. The increase in SEM production of control lysine under natural oxidation conditions suggests that oxidation has an effect on the conversion of SEM. Under the action of the simulated oxidation system, the SEM of Arginine, Lysine, Citrulline and Glutamine among the 21 amino acids were increased, and the polymer azine was formed. In combination with the structure of four amino acids, it was presumed that the group of amide is a key intermediate structure for the formation of endogenous SEM. In addition, under the urea system, the content of SEM produced by amino acids increased after the addition of urea, and the concentration of urea had a significant correlation with the content of SEM. Taken together, the production of endogenous SEM in shrimps is related to amino acids and urea, and the urea cycle and other substances containing amide structures should also be considered in future explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China; College of food and pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xiaxia Chen
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Haixia Yu
- Ocean Research Center of Zhoushan, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China.
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Shi Hu
- College of food and pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xuechang Chen
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
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11
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Yazdanpanah H, Osouli M, Salamzadeh J, Karimi Z, Rashidi E, Borhan A, Yazdanpanah A, Eslamizad S. Simultaneous Screening of Nitrofuran Metabolites in Honey Using Biochip Array Technology: Validation Study According to the Decision 2002/657/EC of the European Union. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e129432. [PMID: 36942071 PMCID: PMC10024329 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-129432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Although no authorization is available for antibiotics to treat bee diseases, some veterinary compounds are used by beekeepers, and each country sets its own thresholds. Inappropriate and excessive use of these drugs can cause allergic reactions and antibiotic resistance in humans who consume the remaining antibiotic residues in honey and its products. It is, therefore, relevant to monitor the presence of antibiotic residues in this matrix. Objectives A rapid method for the simultaneous screening of nitrofuran metabolite residues in honey was validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC (C.D 657) and the European guideline for the validation of screening methods for veterinary medicines. Methods This multi-analytical screening method enables the simultaneous determination of four nitrofuran metabolites [3-amino-2-oxazolidone (AOZ), 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), 1-Aminohydantoin HCl (ADH), and semicarbazide (SEC)] from a single honey sample. Thirty-five honey samples were collected randomly as real samples for screening from Tehran, IR Iran, Germany, and the Netherlands in 2018. Results For all four antibiotic residues, the positivity threshold T was higher than the cut-off value Fm, and no false-positive results were obtained for three antibiotics (AOZ, AMOZ, and SEC). Detection capabilities (CCβ) of all compounds were under the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) authorized by the European Commission (currently 1 μg/kg). The screening results of 15 domestic and 20 imported honey samples showed that the levels of AOZ in 6.66% and 10% of the samples, the level of AMOZ in 13.33% and 0% of the samples, and the level of SEC in 33.33% and 40% of the samples were less than the cut-off ([in relative light units (RLUs)], respectively. Conclusions This study found that this technique is valid for detecting and quantifying three antibiotic residues in honey samples at the measured validation levels. This method was simple, rapid, and capable of simultaneously screening three nitrofuran metabolites from a single honey sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yazdanpanah
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahraz Osouli
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Salamzadeh
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zakieh Karimi
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rashidi
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Borhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yazdanpanah
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Eslamizad
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Melekhin AO, Tolmacheva VV, Apyari VV, Dmitrienko SG. Current trends in analytical strategies for the chromatographic determination of nitrofuran metabolites in food samples. An update since 2012. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Liu X, Cheng Y, Guan B, Xia F, Fan L, Gao X, Sun X, Li X, Zhu L. Quantum Dot Nanobeads as Multicolor Labels for Simultaneous Multiplex Immunochromatographic Detection of Four Nitrofuran Metabolites in Aquatic Products. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238324. [PMID: 36500416 PMCID: PMC9737793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A multicolor immunochromatographic assay platform based on quantum dot nanobeads (QBs) for the rapid and simultaneous detection of nitrofuran metabolites in different aquatic products is documented. These metabolites include 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 1-aminohydantoin (AHD), semicarbazide (SEM), and 3-amino-5-morpholino-methyl-1,3-oxazolidinone (AMOZ). QBs with emission colors of red, yellow, green, and orange were employed and functionalized with the corresponding antibodies to each analyte to develop a multicolor channel. The visual detection limits (cutoff values) of our method for AOZ, AHD, SEM, and AMOZ reached up to 50 ng/mL, which were 2, 20, 20, and 20 times lower than those of traditional colloidal gold test strips, respectively. The test strip is capable of detection within 10 min in real samples while still achieving good stability and specificity. These results demonstrate that the developed multicolor immunochromatographic assay platform is a promising technique for multiplex, highly sensitive, and on-site detection of nitrofuran metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-416-3400870 (X.L. & L.Z.)
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Binbin Guan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Fei Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Ling Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Xue Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Xuepeng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-416-3400870 (X.L. & L.Z.)
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Lavrukhina OI, Amelin VG, Kish LK, Tretyakov AV, Pen’kov TD. Determination of Residual Amounts of Antibiotics in Environmental Samples and Food Products. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822110077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Chen R, Peng X, Song Y, Du Y. A Paper-Based Electrochemical Sensor Based on PtNP/COF TFPB-DHzDS@rGO for Sensitive Detection of Furazolidone. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100904. [PMID: 36291041 PMCID: PMC9599777 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a paper-based electrochemical sensor based on PtNP/COFTFPB-DHzDS@rGO was developed for the sensitive detection of furazolidone. A cluster-like covalent organic framework (COFTFPB-DHzDS) was successfully grown on the surface of amino-functional reduced graphene oxide (rGO-NH2) to avoid serious self-aggregation, which was further loaded with platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) with high catalytic activity as nanozyme to obtain PtNP/COFTFPB-DHzDS@rGO nanocomposites. The morphology of PtNP/COFTFPB-DHzDS@rGO nanocomposites was characterized, and the results showed that the smooth rGO surface became extremely rough after the modification of COFTFPB-DHzDS. Meanwhile, ultra-small PtNPs with sizes of around 1 nm were precisely anchored on COFTFPB-DHzDS to maintain their excellent catalytic activity. The conventional electrodes were used to detect furazolidone and showed a detection limit as low as 5 nM and a linear range from 15 nM to 110 μM. In contrast, the detection limit for the paper-based electrode was 0.23 μM, and the linear range was 0.69-110 μM. The results showed that the paper-based electrode can be used to detect furazolidone. This sensor is a potential candidate for the detection of furazolidone residue in human serum and fish samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan Du
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-0791-88120861
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16
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Melekhin AO, Tolmacheva VV, Kholyavskaya YN, Sedykh ES, Dmitrienko SG, Apyari VV, Bairov AL. Rapid Hydrolysis and Derivatization of Nitrofuran Metabolites with a New Derivatizing Agent 5-Nitro-2-Furaldehyde in Their Determination in Chicken Meat by HPLC–MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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17
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Rapid determination of nitrofuran metabolites residues in honey by ultrasonic assisted derivatization - QuEChERS - high performance liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Jia J, Zhang H, Qu J, Wang Y, Xu N. Immunosensor of Nitrofuran Antibiotics and Their Metabolites in Animal-Derived Foods: A Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:813666. [PMID: 35721001 PMCID: PMC9198595 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.813666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrofuran antibiotics have been widely used in the prevention and treatment of animal diseases due to the bactericidal effect. However, the residual and accumulation of their metabolites in vivo can pose serious health hazards to both humans and animals. Although their usage in feeding and process of food-derived animals have been banned in many countries, their metabolic residues are still frequently detected in materials and products of animal-derived food. Many sensitive and effective detection methods have been developed to deal with the problem. In this work, we summarized various immunological methods for the detection of four nitrofuran metabolites based on different types of detection principles and signal molecules. Furthermore, the development trend of detection technology in animal-derived food is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuanfeng Wang
- Institute of Engineering Food, College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal Uniersity, Shanghai, China
| | - Naifeng Xu
- Institute of Engineering Food, College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal Uniersity, Shanghai, China
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Melekhin AO, Tolmacheva VV, Goncharov NO, Apyari VV, Dmitrienko SG, Shubina EG, Grudev AI. Multi-class, multi-residue determination of 132 veterinary drugs in milk by magnetic solid-phase extraction based on magnetic hypercrosslinked polystyrene prior to their determination by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 387:132866. [PMID: 35397265 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative multi-class multi-residue analytical method was developed for the determination of veterinary drugs in milk by high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). A total of 132 veterinary drugs investigated belonged to almost 15 classes including sulfonamides, β-lactams, tetracyclines, quinolones, macrolides, nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles, phenicols, lincosamides, pleuromutilins, macrocyclic lactones, quinoxaline antibiotics, benzimidazoles, anthelmintics, coccidiostats and some others. A magnetic solid-phase extraction procedure was developed using magnetic hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HCP/Fe3O4) for the sample preparation prior to HPLC-MS/MS without deproteinization step. The results indicated recoveries of 85-107% for 14 sulfonamides, 85-120% for 13 β-lactams, 89-115% for 4 tetracyclines, 82-119% for 14 quinolones, 82-115% for 8 macrolides, 97-109% for 4 nitrofurans, 84-115% for 10 nitroimidazoles, 89-114% for 3 phenicols, 86-111% for 3 lincosamides, 97-102% for 2 pleuromutilins, 72-88% for 4 macrocyclic lactones, 87-104% for 4 quinoxaline antibiotics, 76-119% for 21 benzimidazoles, 79-115% for 12 anthelmintics, 81-118% for 12 coccidiostats and 75-119 % for 5 unclassified drugs, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 20%, and the LOQs ranged from 0.05 to 1 μg kg-1. This methodology was then applied to field-collected real milk samples and trace levels of some veterinary drugs were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Melekhin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Central Scientific Methodological Veterinary Laboratory, Orangereynaya st., 23, 111622 Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Tolmacheva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - N O Goncharov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Apyari
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - S G Dmitrienko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - E G Shubina
- Central Scientific Methodological Veterinary Laboratory, Orangereynaya st., 23, 111622 Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Grudev
- Central Scientific Methodological Veterinary Laboratory, Orangereynaya st., 23, 111622 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Yin SJ, Zhou X, Peng LJ, Li F, Zheng GC, Yang FQ, Hu YJ. Preparation of Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2 for selective pre-concentration of chlorogenic acid metabolites in rat plasma, urine, and feces samples. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:617-626. [PMID: 36105170 PMCID: PMC9463528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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21
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Wang B, He B, Guo R, Jiao Q, Liang Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Ren W, Suo Z. A competitive-type electrochemical immunosensor based on Ce-MOF@Au and MB-Au@Pt core-shell for nitrofuran metabolites residues detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 142:107934. [PMID: 34474206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel competitive-type electrochemical immunosensor based on square wave voltammetry (SWV) response was developed for the quantitative detection of 1-Aminohydantoin (AHD). To improve the conductivity of this immunosensor nanocomposites with good electrical conductivity were prepared as a signal amplification platform for the immunosensor by growing Au nanoparticles on the surface of Ce-based metal-organic framework (Ce-MOF). In addition, methylene blue (MB)-loaded Au@Pt and coating antigen (OVA-AHD) connected as a signal label. When the target was introduced, it competed with the coating antigen for the Ab, which led to a reduction in the number of signal probes bound to the Ab. The concentration of AHD can be determined by SWV detection of the MB signal loaded on the signal labels. Under optimal conditions, the wide linear range of 0.001-1000 μg /L and a low detection limit of 1.35 × 10-7 μg/L were achieved. Ultimately, the developed method displayed excellent specificity in practical applications, providing a promising probability to detect nitrofuran metabolites residues to guarantee food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Baoshan He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
| | - Rui Guo
- Henan Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection, Zhengzhou, Henan 450047, PR China
| | - Qiang Jiao
- Henan Province Food Inspection Research Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, PR China
| | - Ying Liang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Jinshui Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, PR China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Zhiguang Suo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
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Targuma S, Njobeh PB, Ndungu PG. Current Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials for Extraction of Mycotoxins, Pesticides, and Pharmaceuticals in Food Commodities. Molecules 2021; 26:4284. [PMID: 34299560 PMCID: PMC8303358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollutants, such as mycotoxins, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals, are a group of contaminates that occur naturally, while others are produced from anthropogenic sources. With increased research on the adverse ecological and human health effects of these pollutants, there is an increasing need to regularly monitor their levels in food and the environment in order to ensure food safety and public health. The application of magnetic nanomaterials in the analyses of these pollutants could be promising and offers numerous advantages relative to conventional techniques. Due to their ability for the selective adsorption, and ease of separation as a result of magnetic susceptibility, surface modification, stability, cost-effectiveness, availability, and biodegradability, these unique magnetic nanomaterials exhibit great achievement in the improvement of the extraction of different analytes in food. On the other hand, conventional methods involve longer extraction procedures and utilize large quantities of environmentally unfriendly organic solvents. This review centers its attention on current applications of magnetic nanomaterials and their modifications in the extraction of pollutants in food commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarem Targuma
- Energy, Sensors and Multifunctional Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
| | - Patrick B. Njobeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
| | - Patrick G. Ndungu
- Energy, Sensors and Multifunctional Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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