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Celesti C, Giofrè SV, Espro C, Legnani L, Neri G, Iannazzo D. Modified Gold Screen-Printed Electrodes for the Determination of Heavy Metals. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4935. [PMID: 39123983 PMCID: PMC11314839 DOI: 10.3390/s24154935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are reliable, portable, affordable, and versatile electrochemical platforms for the real-time analytical monitoring of emerging analytes in the environmental, clinical, and agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of gold screen-printed electrodes (SPGEs) modified with molecules containing amino (Tr-N) or α-aminophosphonate (Tr-P) groups for the selective and sensitive detection of the toxic metal ions Pb2+ and Hg2+ in aqueous samples. After optimizing the analytical parameters (conditioning potential and time, deposition potential and time, pH and concentration of the supporting electrolyte), anodic square wave stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was used to evaluate and compare the electrochemical performance of bare or modified electrodes for the detection of Hg2+ and Pb2+, either alone or in their mixtures in the concentration range between 1 nM and 10 nM. A significative improvement in the detection ability of Pb2+ ions was recorded for the amino-functionalized gold sensor SPGE-N, while the presence of a phosphonate moiety in SPGE-P led to greater sensitivity towards Hg2+ ions. The developed sensors allow the detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.41 nM and 35 pM, respectively, below the legal limits for these heavy metal ions in drinking water or food, while the sensitivity was 5.84 µA nM-1cm-2 and 10 µA nM-1cm-2, respectively, for Pb2+ and Hg2+. The reported results are promising for the development of advanced devices for the in situ and cost-effective monitoring of heavy metals, even in trace amounts, in water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Celesti
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.E.); (G.N.); (D.I.)
| | - Salvatore Vincenzo Giofrè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Espro
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.E.); (G.N.); (D.I.)
| | - Laura Legnani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.E.); (G.N.); (D.I.)
| | - Daniela Iannazzo
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.E.); (G.N.); (D.I.)
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2
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Senila M. Recent Advances in the Determination of Major and Trace Elements in Plants Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Molecules 2024; 29:3169. [PMID: 38999125 PMCID: PMC11243047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Interest in measuring major and trace elements in plants has increased in recent years because of growing concerns about the elements' contribution to daily intakes or the health risks posed by ingesting vegetables contaminated by potentially toxic elements. The recent advances in using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to measure major and trace elements in plant samples are reviewed in the present work. The sample preparation before instrumental determination and the main advantages and limitations of ICP-OES are described. New trends in element extraction in liquid solutions using fewer toxic solvents and microextractions are observed in recently published literature. Even though ICP-OES is a well-established and routine technique, recent innovations to increase its performance have been found. Validated methods are needed to ensure the obtaining of reliable results. Much research has focused on assessing principal figures of merit, such as limits of detection, quantification, selectivity, working ranges, precision in terms of repeatability and reproducibility, and accuracy through spiked samples or certified reference materials analysis. According to the published literature, the ICP-OES technique, 50 years after the release of the first commercially available equipment, remains a powerful and highly recommended tool for element determination on a wide range of concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Camargo ID, Rodriguez-Silva LG, Carreño-Olejua R, Montenegro AC, Quintana-Fuentes LF. High temperature and nib acidification during cacao-controlled fermentation improve cadmium transfer from nibs to testa and the liquor's flavor. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12254. [PMID: 38806593 PMCID: PMC11133384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Migration of nib Cd to the testa during fermentation can be achieved with high temperatures (> 45 °C) and low nib pH values (< 5.0) using spontaneous fermentation. However, this low pH can lead to low flavor quality. This study used three controlled temperature fermentation treatments on three cacao genotypes (CCN 51, ICS 95, and TCS 01) to test its effects on the nib pH, the migration of nib Cd to the testa, and the liquor flavor quality. All treatments were effective in reducing the total nib Cd concentration. Nevertheless, the treatment with the higher mean temperature (44.25 °C) and acidification (pH 4.66) reached the highest mean nib Cd reductions throughout fermentation, a 1.37 factor in TCS 01, promoting the development of fine-flavor cocoa sensorial notes. In unfermented beans, the Cd concentration of nibs was higher than that of the testa, and the Cd migration proceeded down the total concentration gradient. However, Cd migration was observed against the concentration gradient (testa Cd > nib Cd) from the fourth day. Cd migration could increase by extensive fermentation until the sixth day in high temperatures and probably by the adsorbent capacity of the testa. Genotype-by-treatment interactions were present for the nib Cd reduction, and a universal percentage of decrease of Cd for each genotype with fermentation cannot be expected. Selecting genotypes with highly adsorbent testa combined with controlled temperatures would help reduce the Cd concentration in the cacao raw material, improving its safety and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan D Camargo
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, La Suiza Research Center, Km 32 Route to Sea, 687527, Santander, Colombia.
| | - Lucero G Rodriguez-Silva
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, La Suiza Research Center, Km 32 Route to Sea, 687527, Santander, Colombia
| | - René Carreño-Olejua
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, La Suiza Research Center, Km 32 Route to Sea, 687527, Santander, Colombia
| | - Andrea C Montenegro
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Tibaitatá Research Center, Km 14 Route Mosquera-Bogotá, 250047, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Lucas F Quintana-Fuentes
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Calle 14 Sur No. 14 - 23 Barrio Restrepo, 111511, Bogotá, Colombia
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Jain S, Nehra M, Kumar R, Dilbaghi N, Kim KH, Kumar S. Development of a FRET aptasensor based on MoS 2-doped Zn-MOF as luminophore for selective detection of cadmium in aqueous solutions. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:324. [PMID: 38730197 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A robust "on-off" fluorescent aptasensor was developed using nanohybrids of molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) quantum dot (QD)-doped zinc metal-organic frameworks (Zn-MOF) for selective and sensitive detection of cadmium ions (Cd2+) in water. This nanohybrid (MoS2@Zn-MOF), synthesized via "bottle around the ship" methodology, exhibited a high-intensity fluorescence emission centered at 430 nm (λEm) (blue) on excitation at 320 nm (λEx). Further, the conjugation of this fluorophore to phosphate-modified cadmium aptamer (Cd-2-2) was achieved through carbodiimide reaction. The hybridization of prepared sensing probe (MoS2@Zn-MOF/Cd-2-2 aptamer) was done with dabcyl-conjugated complementary DNA (cDNA), acting as energy donor-acceptor pair in the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system. This hybridization causes the fluorescence quenching of the nanohybrid. In the presence of Cd2+, the aptamer from the fabricated nano-biosensing probe binds to these ions, resulting in release of dabcyl-cDNA oligomer. This release of dabcyl-cDNA oligomer from the sensing probes restores the fluorescence of the nanohybrid. Under optimized conditions (sensing probe/dabcyl-cDNA ratio 1/7, pH 7.4, and temp 28 °C), the sensing probe showed a fast response time of 1 min. The fluorescence intensity of the nanohybrid can be utilized to determine the concentration of Cd2+. The proposed aptasensor achieved highly sensitive detection of Cd2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.24 ppb over the range of 1 × 10-9 to 1 × 10-4 M along with minimal effects of interferences (e.g., Hg2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) and good reproducibility. The designed aptasensor based on MoS2@Zn-MOF nanofluorophore offers a highly sensitive and selective approach for rapid screening of metal ions in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Jain
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Monika Nehra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
- Department of Physics, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to Be University), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Bravo D, Quiroga-Mateus R, López-Casallas M, Torres S, Contreras R, Otero ACM, Araujo-Carrillo GA, González-Orozco CE. Assessing the cadmium content of cacao crops in Arauca, Colombia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:387. [PMID: 38509267 PMCID: PMC10954870 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The district of Arauca is the second-largest producer of cacao in Colombia. However, despite its quality, it faces issues for export due to levels of cadmium (Cd) higher than the regulatory thresholds. A central question is how it may impact agricultural performance in the presence of Cd in cacao and chocolates. This study quantified Cd in cacao plantations from Arauca. Thus, 180 farms were assessed in the municipalities of Arauquita, Fortul, Saravena, and Tame. Five sample types (soil, irrigation channel sediment, soil litter, cacao seeds, and chocolates) were assessed for Cd. As a technological innovation, the new MXRF technology was used for Cd in chocolates. The sequence of Cd content was soil litter > chocolate > soils > cacao seeds > irrigation-channel sediment. A gradient north-south of Cd content in soil was observed, where highest content was found in farms near the Arauca River, and lower farther away. In irrigation channel sediment, Cd levels averaged 0.07 mg kg-1. The Cd content in cacao seeds was 0.78 mg kg-1 on average. Cd content in chocolates was above the threshold (1.10 mg kg-1 on average, including several cacao mass percentages). These artisanal chocolate bars produced by single farms were near the limit of Cd set by the European Union (up to 0.8 mg kg-1). Therefore, mixing beans from different farms could reduce their Cd content. The present study underscores the complexity of Cd distribution, emphasizing the importance of integrating soil, crop, and landscape features in managing and mitigating Cd levels in cacao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bravo
- Laboratory of Soil Microbiology and Calorimetry, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Km 14 Vía Bogotá-Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| | - Ruth Quiroga-Mateus
- Laboratory of Soil Microbiology and Calorimetry, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Km 14 Vía Bogotá-Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Marcela López-Casallas
- Centro de Investigación La Libertad, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Km 17 Vía Puerto López, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia
| | - Shirley Torres
- Centro de Investigación La Libertad, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Km 17 Vía Puerto López, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia
| | - Ramiro Contreras
- Centro de Investigación La Libertad, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Km 17 Vía Puerto López, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia
| | - Andres Camilo Mendez Otero
- Centro de Investigación La Libertad, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Km 17 Vía Puerto López, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia
| | - Gustavo A Araujo-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Km 14 Vía Bogotá-Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Carlos E González-Orozco
- Centro de Investigación La Libertad, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Km 17 Vía Puerto López, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia
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Lan G, Li X, Jia H, Yu X, Wang Z, Yao J, Mao X. Fast and Sensitive Determination of Cadmium and Selenium in Rice by Direct Sampling Electrothermal Vaporization Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238176. [PMID: 36500268 PMCID: PMC9739379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a direct solid sampling device based on modified graphite furnace electrothermal vaporization (GF-ETV) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was established for the simultaneous detection of trace selenium and cadmium in rice samples. A bypass gas was first designed in GF-ETV to improve the device’s analytical sensitivity and precision. The ashing and vaporization conditions, the flow rates of the Ar carrier and the bypass gases of ICP-MS were all investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) for Se and Cd were 0.5 μg kg−1 and 0.16 μg kg−1, respectively; the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of repeated measurements were within 8% (n = 6). The recoveries of Cd and Se in rice samples were in the range of 89−112% compared with the microwave digestion ICP-MS method, indicating good accuracy and precision for the simultaneous detection of Se and Cd in rice matrix. The whole analysis time is <3 min without the sample digestion process, fulfilling the fast detection of Se and Cd in rice samples to protect food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Lan
- Key Lab of National Soybean Industry Technology System, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
- Hangzhou Puyu Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongyu Jia
- Key Lab of National Soybean Industry Technology System, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Hangzhou Puyu Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Lab of National Soybean Industry Technology System, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.Y.); or (X.M.)
| | - Jijun Yao
- Hangzhou Puyu Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.Y.); or (X.M.)
| | - Xuefei Mao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.Y.); or (X.M.)
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Tognana S, D'Angelo C, Montecinos S, Pereyra M, Salgueiro W. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a technique to detect copper in plastic and microplastic waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135168. [PMID: 35649446 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste is an environmental problematic, not only because of its own contamination, but also because it can act as a vector for other pollutants, particularly metals. In this work, taking advantage of the sensitivity of the LIBS technique, the presence of copper in plastics and microplastics present in a stream that receives effluents from a medium-sized city was determined. The influence of the digestion process on the collected samples was analyzed. On the other hand, copper retention in commonly used plastics submerged in stream water and in a solution prepared in the laboratory was analyzed. This study confirms that both macroplastics and microplastics collected from a stream that receives effluents from a city, can retain copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Tognana
- IFIMAT, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Argentina; CIFICEN (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Bs, As., Calle 526 entre 10 y 11, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Cristian D'Angelo
- CIFICEN (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Bs, As., Calle 526 entre 10 y 11, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; IFAS, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Argentina.
| | - Susana Montecinos
- IFIMAT, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Argentina; CIFICEN (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Pereyra
- CIFICEN (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Argentina; IFAS, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Argentina.
| | - Walter Salgueiro
- IFIMAT, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Argentina; CIFICEN (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Pinto 399, 7000, Tandil, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Bs, As., Calle 526 entre 10 y 11, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
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