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Piens N, Van Hecke K, Vogt D, D'hooghe M. Cobalt carbonyl-catalyzed carbonylation of functionalized aziridines to versatile β-lactam building blocks. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4816-4821. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00832e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aziridine to azetidin-2-one carbonylation as a convenient entry to pyrrolidines,C-fused bi- and tricyclic β-lactams and monocyclic carbapenem analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Piens
- SynBioC Research Group
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
| | - Dieter Vogt
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3FJ
- UK
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
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3
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Kumar Kondapi VP, Soueidan OM, Hosseini SN, Jabari N, West FG. Efficient and Easy Access to Optically Pure Tetrasubstituted Tetrahydrofurans via Stereoselective Opening ofC2-Symmetric Epoxide and Aziridine Rings. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ghorai MK, Sayyad M, Nanaji Y, Jana S. A Synthetic Route to Chiral Dihydrobenzothiazines through Ring Opening of Activated Aziridines with 2-Halothiophenols/Copper-Powder-Mediated C−N Cyclization. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1480-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas K. Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Masthanvali Sayyad
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Yerramsetti Nanaji
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Sourita Jana
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 India
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Menguy L, Lo C, Marrot J, Couty F. Alkylation of indoles by aziridinium ions: new rapid access to tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THBCs). Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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De Brabandere S, Mangelinckx S, Kadam ST, Nural Y, Augustyns K, Van der Veken P, Törnroos KW, De Kimpe N. Synthesis of γ,δ-Aziridino α-Amino Acid Derivatives and their Stereoselective Ring Transformation to 2-(Aminomethyl)-1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic Acid Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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7
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Ghorai MK, Tiwari DP, Jain N. Lewis Acid Catalyzed SN2-Type Ring Opening of N-Activated Aziridines with Electron-Rich Arenes/Heteroarenes. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7121-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401028j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas K. Ghorai
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Deo Prakash Tiwari
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Nikita Jain
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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Ghorai MK, Nanaji Y. Synthetic route to chiral indolines via ring-opening/C-N cyclization of activated 2-haloarylaziridines. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3867-78. [PMID: 23548056 DOI: 10.1021/jo400287a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A practical approach for the synthesis of 3-substituted indolines via regio- and stereoselective SN2-type ring-opening of 2-(2-halophenyl)-N-tosylaziridines with heteroatomic nucleophiles (O, N, and S) followed by palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C-N cyclization is reported in excellent yields (up to >99%) and enantiomeric excess (ee 99%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas K Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
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9
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Kenis S, D'hooghe M, Verniest G, Reybroeck M, Dang Thi TA, Pham The C, Thi Pham T, Törnroos KW, Van Tuyen N, De Kimpe N. Nucleophile-Directed Selective Transformation ofcis-1-Tosyl-2-tosyloxymethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)aziridine into Aziridines, Azetidines, and Benzo-Fused Dithianes, Oxathianes, Dioxanes, and (Thio)morpholines. Chemistry 2013; 19:5966-71. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ghorai MK, Sahoo AK, Kumar S. Synthetic route to chiral tetrahydroquinoxalines via ring-opening of activated aziridines. Org Lett 2011; 13:5972-5. [PMID: 22004011 DOI: 10.1021/ol2023906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly regio- and stereoselective route for the synthesis of racemic and nonracemic tetrahydroquinoxalines via the S(N)2-type ring-opening of activated aziridines with 2-bromoanilines followed by the Pd-catalyzed intramolecular C-N bond formation is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas K Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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Stanković S, D'hooghe M, Catak S, Eum H, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V, De Kimpe N, Ha HJ. Regioselectivity in the ring opening of non-activated aziridines. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 41:643-65. [PMID: 21894345 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this critical review, the ring opening of non-activated 2-substituted aziridines via intermediate aziridinium salts will be dealt with. Emphasis will be put on the relationship between the observed regioselectivity and inherent structural features such as the nature of the C2 aziridine substituent and the nature of the electrophile and the nucleophile. This overview should allow chemists to gain insight into the factors governing the regioselectivity in aziridinium ring openings (81 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Stanković
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Ghorai MK, Nanaji Y, Yadav AK. Ring Opening/C–N Cyclization of Activated Aziridines with Carbon Nucleophiles: Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines. Org Lett 2011; 13:4256-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol2016077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas K. Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Y. Nanaji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - A. K. Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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Synthesis of new functionalized aziridine-2- and azetidine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives of potential interest for biological and foldameric applications. Amino Acids 2011; 41:541-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stanković S, Catak S, D’hooghe M, Goossens H, Abbaspour Tehrani K, Bogaert P, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V, De Kimpe N. Synthesis of 3-Methoxyazetidines via an Aziridine to Azetidine Rearrangement and Theoretical Rationalization of the Reaction Mechanism. J Org Chem 2011; 76:2157-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102555r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Stanković
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Saron Catak
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium, Member of QCMM-Alliance Ghent-Brussels
| | - Matthias D’hooghe
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Goossens
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium, Member of QCMM-Alliance Ghent-Brussels
| | - Kourosch Abbaspour Tehrani
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piet Bogaert
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium, Member of QCMM-Alliance Ghent-Brussels
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium, Member of QCMM-Alliance Ghent-Brussels
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Catak S, D'hooghe M, Verstraelen T, Hemelsoet K, Van Nieuwenhove A, Ha HJ, Waroquier M, De Kimpe N, Van Speybroeck V. Opposite regiospecific ring opening of 2-(cyanomethyl)aziridines by hydrogen bromide and benzyl bromide: experimental study and theoretical rationalization. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4530-41. [PMID: 20507166 DOI: 10.1021/jo100687q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ring opening of 1-arylmethyl-2-(cyanomethyl)aziridines with HBr afforded 3-(arylmethyl)amino-4-bromobutyronitriles via regiospecific ring opening at the unsubstituted aziridine carbon. Previous experimental and theoretical reports show treatment of the same compounds with benzyl bromide to furnish 4-amino-3-bromobutanenitriles through ring opening at the substituted aziridine carbon. To gain insights into the regioselective preference with HBr, reaction paths have been analyzed with computational methods. The effect of solvation was taken into account by the use of explicit solvent molecules. Geometries were determined at the B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory, and a Grimme-type correction term was included for long-range dispersion interactions; relative energies were refined with the meta-hybrid MPW1B95 functional. Activation barriers confirm preference for ring opening at the unsubstituted ring carbon for HBr. HBr versus benzyl bromide ring opening was analyzed through comparison of the electronic structure of corresponding aziridinium intermediates. Although the electrostatic picture fails to explain the opposite regiospecific nature of the reaction, frontier molecular orbital analysis of LUMOs and nucleophilic Fukui functions show a clear preference of attack for the substituted aziridine carbon in the benzyl bromide case and for the unsubstituted aziridine carbon in the HBr case, successfully rationalizing the experimentally observed regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saron Catak
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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Vervisch K, D'hooghe M, Törnroos KW, De Kimpe N. Synthesis of stereodefined piperidines from aziridines and their transformation into conformationally constrained amino acids, amino alcohols and 2,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7734-44. [PMID: 20977252 DOI: 10.1021/jo101646u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2-(2-Cyano-2-phenylethyl)aziridines were converted into novel cis- and trans-2-chloromethyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carbonitriles via alkylation with 1-bromo-2-chloroethane followed by microwave-assisted 6-exo-tet cyclization and regiospecific ring opening. The latter piperidines were used as eligible substrates for the synthesis of stereodefined 2-chloromethyl-, 2-hydroxymethyl-, and 2-carboxymethyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acids, 2-hydroxymethyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carbonitriles, 3-hydroxy-5-phenylazepane-5-carbonitriles, and 5-phenyl-2,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Vervisch
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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D'hooghe M, Catak S, Stanković S, Waroquier M, Kim Y, Ha HJ, Van Speybroeck V, De Kimpe N. Systematic Study of Halide-Induced Ring Opening of 2-Substituted Aziridinium Salts and Theoretical Rationalization of the Reaction Pathways. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Stanković S, D'hooghe M, De Kimpe N. Microwave-assisted regioselective ring opening of non-activated aziridines by lithium aluminium hydride. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4266-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c004960c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Catak S, D’hooghe M, De Kimpe N, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V. Intramolecular π−π Stacking Interactions in 2-Substituted N,N-Dibenzylaziridinium Ions and Their Regioselectivity in Nucleophilic Ring-Opening Reactions. J Org Chem 2009; 75:885-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902493w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saron Catak
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- QCMM-Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias D’hooghe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- QCMM-Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- QCMM-Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Belgium
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Yun SY, Catak S, Lee WK, D'hooghe M, De Kimpe N, Van Speybroeck V, Waroquier M, Kim Y, Ha HJ. Nucleophile-dependent regioselective ring opening of 2-substituted N,N-dibenzylaziridinium ions: bromide versus hydride. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:2508-10. [PMID: 19532872 DOI: 10.1039/b822763b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ring opening of 2-substituted N,N-dibenzylaziridinium ions by bromide exclusively occurs at the substituted aziridine carbon atom in a stereospecific way, whereas the opposite regioselectivity was observed for hydride-induced ring opening at the unsubstituted position; furthermore, this unprecedented hydride-promoted reactivity was validated by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Young Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
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D'hooghe M, Dekeukeleire S, De Kimpe N. Reactivity of N-(omega-haloalkyl)-beta-lactams with regard to lithium aluminium hydride: novel synthesis of 1-(1-aryl-3-hydroxypropyl)aziridines and 3-aryl-3-(N-propylamino)propan-1-ols. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1190-6. [PMID: 18362957 DOI: 10.1039/b719686e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of 4-aryl-1-(2-chloroethyl)azetidin-2-ones and 4-aryl-1-(3-bromopropyl)azetidin-2-ones with regard to lithium aluminium hydride has been evaluated for the first time. 4-Aryl-1-(2-chloroethyl)azetidin-2-ones were transformed into novel 1-(1-aryl-3-hydroxypropyl)aziridines through an unprecedented conversion of beta-lactams into 2,3-unsubstituted aziridine derivatives. Unexpectedly, 4-aryl-1-(3-bromopropyl)azetidin-2-ones underwent dehalogenation towards 3-aryl-3-(N-propylamino)propan-1-ols upon treatment with LiAlH(4). 1-(1-Aryl-3-hydroxypropyl)aziridines were further elaborated by means of ring opening reactions using benzyl bromide in acetonitrile towards 3-aryl-3-[N-benzyl-N-(2-bromoethyl)amino]propan-1-ols and using aluminium(iii) chloride in diethyl ether, affording 3-aryl-3-[N-(2-chloroethyl)amino]propan-1-ols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D'hooghe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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D'hooghe M, Vervisch K, Kimpe ND. Synthesis of 1-Arylmethyl-2-(2-cyanoethyl)aziridines and Their Rearrangement into Novel 2-(Aminomethyl)cyclopropanecarbonitriles. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7329-32. [PMID: 17705433 DOI: 10.1021/jo701302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1-Arylmethyl-2-(bromomethyl)aziridines were transformed into novel 2-(2-cyanoethyl)aziridines upon treatment with alpha-lithiated trimethylsilylacetonitrile in THF in an efficient and straightforward approach. The latter aziridines underwent ring opening by reaction with benzyl bromide in acetonitrile, affording 5-amino-4-bromopentanenitriles through a regiospecific ring opening of intermediate aziridinium salts by bromide. Further elaboration of these gamma-bromonitriles resulted in the synthesis of novel 2-[N,N-bis(arylmethyl)aminomethyl]cyclopropanecarbonitriles in high yields by means of a 1,3-cyclization protocol upon treatment with KOtBu in THF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D'hooghe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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D'hooghe M, Van Speybroeck V, Van Nieuwenhove A, Waroquier M, De Kimpe N. Novel Synthesis of 3,4-Diaminobutanenitriles and 4-Amino-2-butenenitriles from 2-(Cyanomethyl)aziridines through Intermediate Aziridinium Salts: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach. J Org Chem 2007; 72:4733-40. [PMID: 17530805 DOI: 10.1021/jo0704210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1-Arylmethyl-2-(cyanomethyl)aziridines were transformed into 4-(N,N-bis(arylmethyl)amino)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)butanenitriles and 4-(N,N-bis(arylmethyl)amino)-2-butenenitriles via 4-(N,N-bis(arylmethyl)amino)-3-bromobutanenitriles in high yields and purity. The key steps involve the unprecedented regiospecific ring opening of intermediate 2-(cyanomethyl)aziridinium salts by bromide and pyrrolidine in acetonitrile, exclusively at the substituted aziridine carbon atom. The results were rationalized on the basis of ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D'hooghe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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D’hooghe M, Vervisch K, Van Nieuwenhove A, De Kimpe N. Ring opening of 2-(cyanomethyl)aziridines by acid chlorides: synthesis of novel 4-amino-2-butenenitrile derivatives through intermediate aziridinium salts. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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D'hooghe M, De Kimpe N. Highly unusual conversion of 1-alkyl-2-(bromomethyl)aziridines into 1-alkyl-2-(N-alkyl-N-ethylaminomethyl)aziridines using methyllithium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:1275-7. [PMID: 17356781 DOI: 10.1039/b616606g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1-alkyl-2-(bromomethyl)aziridines were transformed into 1-alkyl-2-(N-alkyl-N-ethylaminomethyl)aziridines upon treatment with 2-3 equiv. of methyllithium in THF or Et(2)O; the peculiarity in this transformation comprises the presence of an N-ethyl group in the end-products as well as the total number of carbon atoms, resulting from a highly unusual reaction course with a novel S(N)2'-type substitution at the aziridine moiety and liberation of acetylene from an intermediate vinylamine as the key reaction steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D'hooghe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
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D'hooghe M, Vanlangendonck T, Törnroos KW, De Kimpe N. Novel Synthesis of cis-3,5-Disubstituted Morpholine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2006; 71:4678-81. [PMID: 16749806 DOI: 10.1021/jo060313y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1-tert-Butyl-2-(allyloxymethyl)aziridine has been transformed for the first time diastereoselectively into cis-3,5-di(bromomethyl)-4-tert-butylmorpholine via an electrophile-induced ring closure using bromine in dichloromethane. The latter morpholine has been used as a substrate for the synthesis of the corresponding 3,5-di(methoxymethyl)morpholine and 3,5-di(cyanomethyl)morpholine upon nucleophilic displacement of both bromo atoms. Further evaluation of this protocol toward the synthesis of 4-arylmethyl- and 4-alkylmethyl-3,5-di(bromomethyl)morpholines showed that the premised cyclization of the corresponding 2-(allyloxymethyl)aziridines into 3,5-di(bromomethyl)morpholines only proceeded well for the N-neopentylmorpholine, which was subsequently transformed into a 3-oxa-7-thia-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivative. Also, in some other cases, the desired 3,5-di(bromomethyl)morpholines were isolated in low yields and transformed into the corresponding 3,5-di(cyanomethyl)morpholines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D'hooghe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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D'hooghe M, Mangelinckx S, Persyn E, Van Brabandt W, De Kimpe N. Synthesis of 1-Arylmethyl-2-(cyanomethyl)aziridines and Their Ring Transformation into Methyl N-(2-Cyanocyclopropyl)benzimidates. J Org Chem 2006; 71:4232-6. [PMID: 16709066 DOI: 10.1021/jo060425p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1-Arylmethyl-2-(cyanomethyl)aziridines were prepared in high yields from the corresponding 2-(bromomethyl)aziridines upon treatment with potassium cyanide in DMSO. Ring opening of the aziridine moiety with N-chlorosuccinimide in CCl4 and subsequent treatment of the thus formed 4-chloro-3-(N-chloro-N-(alpha,alpha-dichlorobenzyl)amino)butanenitriles with sodium methoxide in methanol resulted in novel methyl N-(2-chloro-1-(cyanomethyl)ethyl)benzimidates, although in low yields. The latter gamma-chloro nitriles were smoothly converted into methyl N-(2-cyanocyclopropyl)benzimidates as precursors of biologically relevant beta-ACC derivatives through a 1,3-cyclization protocol by reaction with potassium tert-butoxide in THF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D'hooghe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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