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Recent Advances in Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolidine-Based Organocatalysts and Their Application: A 15-Year Update. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052234. [PMID: 36903480 PMCID: PMC10005811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, chemists from Hoffmann-La Roche and Schering AG independently discovered a new asymmetric intramolecular aldol reaction catalyzed by the natural amino acid proline, a transformation now known as the Hajos-Parrish-Eder-Sauer-Wiechert reaction. These remarkable results remained forgotten until List and Barbas reported in 2000 that L-proline was also able to catalyze intermolecular aldol reactions with non-negligible enantioselectivities. In the same year, MacMillan reported on asymmetric Diels-Alder cycloadditions which were efficiently catalyzed by imidazolidinones deriving from natural amino acids. These two seminal reports marked the birth of modern asymmetric organocatalysis. A further important breakthrough in this field happened in 2005, when Jørgensen and Hayashi independently proposed the use of diarylprolinol silyl ethers for the asymmetric functionalization of aldehydes. During the last 20 years, asymmetric organocatalysis has emerged as a very powerful tool for the facile construction of complex molecular architectures. Along the way, a deeper knowledge of organocatalytic reaction mechanisms has been acquired, allowing for the fine-tuning of the structures of privileged catalysts or proposing completely new molecular entities that are able to efficiently catalyze these transformations. This review highlights the most recent advances in the asymmetric synthesis of organocatalysts deriving from or related to proline, starting from 2008.
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Han J, Lyutenko NV, Sorochinsky AE, Okawara A, Konno H, White S, Soloshonok VA. Tailor-Made Amino Acids in Pharmaceutical Industry: Synthetic Approaches to Aza-Tryptophan Derivatives. Chemistry 2021; 27:17510-17528. [PMID: 34913215 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the recent years there has been a noticeable upsurge of interest in aza-analogs of tryptophan which are isosteric to the latter and found numerous applications in medicinal, bioorganic chemistry, and peptide research. In the present review article, five aza-tryptophan derivatives are profiled, including aza-substitution in the positions 2, on the five-membered ring, as well as in positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 on the six-membered ring. A detailed and comprehensive literature overview of the synthetic methods for the preparation of these aza-tryptophans is presented and general facets of the biological properties and most promising applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Nataliya V Lyutenko
- Department of Fine Organic Synthesis V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska str., Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Alexander E Sorochinsky
- Department of Fine Organic Synthesis V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska str., Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Ayaka Okawara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Sarah White
- Oakwood Chemical, Inc., 730 Columbia Hwy. N, Estill, SC, 29918, USA
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Plaza Bizkaia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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3
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Han J, Wzorek A, Klika KD, Soloshonok VA. Recommended Tests for the Self-Disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) to Ensure Accurate Reporting of the Stereochemical Outcome of Enantioselective Reactions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26092757. [PMID: 34067099 PMCID: PMC8124418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight the necessity of conducting tests to gauge the magnitude of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) phenomenon to ensure the veracity of reported enantiomeric excess (ee) values for scalemic samples obtained from enantioselective reactions, natural products isolation, etc. The SDE always occurs to some degree whenever any scalemic sample is subjected to physicochemical processes concomitant with the fractionation of the sample, thus leading to erroneous reporting of the true ee of the sample if due care is not taken to either preclude the effects of the SDE by measurement of the ee prior to the application of physicochemical processes, suppressing the SDE, or evaluating all obtained fractions of the sample. Or even avoiding fractionation altogether if possible. There is a clear necessity to conduct tests to assess the magnitude of the SDE for the processes applied to samples and the updated and improved recommendations described herein cover chromatography and processes involving gas-phase transformations such as evaporation or sublimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Karel D. Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.D.K.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.D.K.); (V.A.S.)
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4
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Juaristi E. Recent developments in next generation (S)-proline-derived chiral organocatalysts. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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5
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Rani D, Bhargava M, Agarwal J. Asymmetric Michael Addition of Unactivated Ketones with β‐Nitrostyrenes Mediated by Bifunctional L‐Prolinamide Organocatalysts. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dixita Rani
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Studies Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Meha Bhargava
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Studies Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Jyoti Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Studies Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
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6
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Kwiatkowska M, Marcinkowska M, Wzorek A, Pajkert R, Han J, Klika KD, Soloshonok VA, Röschenthaler GV. The self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) via column chromatography of β-amino-α,α-difluorophosphonic acid derivatives. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1377-1385. [PMID: 31468209 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the first study of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers via chromatography (SDEvC) of β-aminophosphonic acid esters, several of which have been synthesized for the first time. Three types of structures were examined, N-acetylated, dipeptide construction with N-Cbz glycine, and a free amine. In the latter case, this is the first time that SDEvC has been reported for free amine amino acids. In all the three types of structures, significant SDE magnitudes (Δee's up to 55%) were exhibited underscoring the ubiquitous nature of the SDE phenomenon. Chemical models of homo- versus heterochiral intermolecular interactions are proposed to rationalize the SDE magnitude differences amongst these new β-aminophosphonic acid derivatives. In addition, the incorporation of additional, competing binding modes to a molecule, was found to lead to a reduction of the SDE magnitude by shifting the intermolecular binding away from the stereogenic center and/or by leading to a convoluted binding system that disrupts the structured and relatively stable assemblies that give rise to the SDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kwiatkowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Magdalena Marcinkowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Romana Pajkert
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Plaza Bizkaia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
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7
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The self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of amino acids and their derivatives. Amino Acids 2019; 51:865-889. [PMID: 30903285 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the phenomenon of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of amino acids and their derivatives in all its guises from phase transformations (recrystallization, sublimation, and distillation), to the application of force fields, through to chromatography including HPLC, MPLC, gravity-driven column chromatography, and SEC. The relevance of the SDE phenomenon to amino acid research and to marketed pharmaceuticals is clear given the potential for alteration of the enantiomeric excess of a portion of a scalemic sample. In addition, the possible contribution of the SDE phenomenon to the genesis of prebiotic homochirality is considered.
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8
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Cruz-Hernández C, Landeros JM, Juaristi E. Multifunctional phosphoramide-(S)-prolinamide derivatives as efficient organocatalysts in asymmetric aldol and Michael reactions. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00300b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge accumulated in the field of organocatalysis led to the design and synthesis of three novel and efficient organocatalysts for the stereoselective aldol and Michael reactions in the presence of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruz-Hernández
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados
- Avenida IPN # 2508
- 07360 Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - José M. Landeros
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados
- Avenida IPN # 2508
- 07360 Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Departamento de Química
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados
- Avenida IPN # 2508
- 07360 Ciudad de México
- Mexico
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9
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Cruz-Hernández C, Martínez-Martínez E, Hernández-González PE, Juaristi E. Synthesis of a New N-Diaminophosphoryl-N′-[(2S)-2-pyrrolidinylmethyl]thiourea as a Chiral Organocatalyst for the Stereoselective Michael Addition of Cyclohexanone to Nitrostyrenes and Chalcones - Application in Cascade Processes for the Synthesis of Polyc. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruz-Hernández
- Departamento de Química; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados; Avenida IPN 2508 07360 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados; Avenida IPN 2508 07360 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Perla E. Hernández-González
- Departamento de Química; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados; Avenida IPN 2508 07360 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Departamento de Química; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados; Avenida IPN 2508 07360 Ciudad de México Mexico
- El Colegio Nacional; Luis González Obregón 23, Centro Histórico 06020 Ciudad de México Mexico
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10
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Hosaka T, Imai T, Wzorek A, Marcinkowska M, Kolbus A, Kitagawa O, Soloshonok VA, Klika KD. The self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of α-amino acid derivatives: facets of steric and electronic properties. Amino Acids 2018; 51:283-294. [PMID: 30311082 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
α-Amino acids (α-AAs) are in extremely high demand in nearly every sector of the food and health-related chemical industries and continue to be the subject of intense multidisciplinary research. The self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) is an emerging and one of the least studied areas of α-AA or enantiomeric properties, critically important for their production and application. In the present work, we report a detailed study of the SDE via achiral, gravity-driven column chromatography for a set of N-acylated, N-carbonylated, N-fluoroacylated, and N-thioacylated α-amino acid esters. As well as thioacylation, attention was paid to the effect of altering the R group of the ester functionality, the side chain, or that of the acyl group attached to the amide nitrogen, whereby it was found that electron-withdrawing groups in the latter moiety had a pronounced effect on the magnitude and behavior of the resulting SDE phenomenon. Intriguingly, in the case of N-fluoroacylated derivatives, by favoring the formation of dimeric associates and effecting a strong bias toward homochiral associates over heterochiral associates, the SDE magnitude was greatly reduced contrary to intuitive expectations. Energy estimates resulted from DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Hosaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Tomomi Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland. .,Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Magdalena Marcinkowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Kolbus
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3. Plaza Bizkaia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Zuo Z, Lei F, Dai Y, Wang L. The crystal structure of 2-phenyl-4,6-bis( R-tert-butylsulfonamido)-1,3,5-triazine – ethyl acetate (2/1), C 38H 58N 10O 6S 4. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2017-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C38H58N10O6S4, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 11.9542(5) Å, b = 11.4057(5) Å, c = 17.2763(8) Å, β = 96.380(1)° V = 2340.97(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0325, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0836, T = 200 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zuo
- College of Pharmacy , Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xi’an, Shaanxi 712046 , P.R. China
- Medical University of the Air Force , Xi’an 710032 , P.R. China
| | - Fuhou Lei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products , Nanning 530006 , China
| | - Yang Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Institute of International, Trade&Commerce , Xi’an, Shaanxi 712046 , China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Pharmacy , Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xi’an, Shaanxi 712046 , P.R. China
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12
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Zhu Y, Mao Y, Mei H, Pan Y, Han J, Soloshonok VA, Hayashi T. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations of Colby Pro-Enolates with MBH Carbonates: Enantioselective Access to Quaternary C-F Oxindoles. Chemistry 2018; 24:8994-8998. [PMID: 29683211 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the innovative applications of fluorinated compounds in many areas of technology and medicine, methods for the preparation of C-F quaternary fluorine containing compounds are in extremely high demand. Here, we report the discovery of a general procedure for an SN 2 reaction catalyzed by Pd/Ding-SKP-type ligands, and that occurs between Colby pro-enolates with MBH carbonates to afford the corresponding products featuring two consecutive stereogenic carbons, including a C-F quaternary stereogenic center. The reactions readily occur at ambient temperatures with high chemical yields and in excellent chemo-, diastereo- and enantioselective manners. This practically attractive stereochemical outcome, coupled with the operational simplicity and structural generality, bodes well for the synthetic application of this process in the preparation of a novel class of biologically relevant fluorine-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yu Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Haibo Mei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yi Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Tamio Hayashi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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13
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Han J, Kitagawa O, Wzorek A, Klika KD, Soloshonok VA. The self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE): a menace or an opportunity? Chem Sci 2018; 9:1718-1739. [PMID: 29675218 PMCID: PMC5892310 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05138g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report on the well-documented, yet not widely known, phenomenon of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE): the spontaneous fractionation of scalemic material into enantioenriched and -depleted fractions when any physicochemical process is applied.
Herein we report on the well-documented, yet not widely known, phenomenon of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE): the spontaneous fractionation of scalemic material into enantioenriched and -depleted fractions when any physicochemical process is applied. The SDE has implications ranging from the origins of prebiotic homochirality to unconventional enantiopurification methods, though the risks of altering the enantiomeric excess (ee) unintentionally, regrettably, remain greatly unappreciated. While recrystallization is well known as an SDE process, occurrences of the SDE in other processes are much less recognized, e.g. sublimation and even distillation. But the most common process that many workers seem to be completely ignorant of is SDE via chromatography and reports have included all manner of structures, all types of interactions, and all forms of chromatography, including GC. The SDE can be either a blessing – as a means to obtain enantiopure samples from scalemates – or a curse, as unwitting alteration of the ee leads to errors in the reporting of results and/or misinterpretation of the system under study. Thus the ramifications of the SDE are relevant to any area involving chirality – natural products, asymmetric synthesis, etc. Moreover, there is grave concern regarding errors in the literature, in addition to the possible occurrence of valid results which may have been overlooked and thus remain unreported, as well as the potential for the SDE to alter the ee, particularly via chromatography, and the following concepts will be conveyed: (1) the SDE occurs under totally achiral conditions of (a) precipitation, (b) centrifugation, (c) evaporation, (d) distillation, (e) crystallization, (f) sublimation, and (g) achiral chromatography (e.g. column, flash, MPLC, HPLC, SEC, GC, etc.). (2) The SDE cannot be controlled simply by experimental accuracy and ignorance of the SDE unavoidably leads to mistakes in the recorded and reported stereochemical outcome of enantioselective transformations. (3) The magnitude of the SDE (the difference between the extremes of enantioenrichment and -depletion) can be controlled and used to: (a) minimize mistakes in the recorded experimental values and (b) to develop unconventional and preparatively superior methods for enantiopurification. (4) The magnitude of the SDE cannot be predicted but can be expected for compounds possessing SDE-phoric groups or which have a general tendency for strong hydrogen or halogen bonds or dipole–dipole or aromatic π–π interactions. (5) An SDE test and the rigorous reporting and description of applied physicochemical processes should become part of standard experimental practice to prevent the erroneous reporting of the stereochemical outcome of enantioselective catalytic reactions and the chirooptical properties of scalemates. New directions in the study of the SDE, including halogen bonding-based interactions and novel, unconventional enantiopurification methods such as pseudo-SDE (chiral selector-assisted SDE resolution of racemates), are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials , Nanjing University , 210093 Nanjing , China .
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Shibaura Institute of Technology , 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku , Tokyo 135-8548 , Japan
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Świętokrzyska 15G , 25-406 Kielce , Poland.,Department of Organic Chemistry I , Faculty of Chemistry , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3 , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain .
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 , D-69009 Heidelberg , Germany .
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I , Faculty of Chemistry , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3 , 20018 San Sebastián , Spain . .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza, Bizkaia , 48011 Bilbao , Spain
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Luanphaisarnnont T, Hanprasit S, Somjit V, Ervithayasuporn V. Chiral Pyrrolidine Bridged Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Asymmetric Michael Additions. Catal Letters 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-017-2286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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A question of policy: should tests for the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) be mandatory for reports involving scalemates? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Terada S, Hirai M, Honzawa A, Kitagawa O, Kamizela A, Wzorek A, Soloshonok VA. Possible Case of Halogen Bond-Driven Self-Disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) via Achiral Chromatography. Chemistry 2017; 23:14631-14638. [PMID: 28783208 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The major breakthrough reported in this work is the discovery of likely halogen bond-driven self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE). Taking into account that the halogen-bonding interactions can be rationally designed and can match, or even exceed, the strength of the more familiar hydrogen bond, this discovery clearly opens an unexpected new direction of research in the areas of molecular chirality and the SDE phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Terada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Motohiro Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Ayaka Honzawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Angelika Kamizela
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Świętokrzyska 15G, 25-406, Kielce, Poland.,Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,JKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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