1
|
Maikhuri VK, Mathur D, Chaudhary A, Kumar R, Parmar VS, Singh BK. Transition-Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrimidines: Recent Advances, Mechanism, Scope and Future Perspectives. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:4. [PMID: 38296918 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Pyrimidine is a pharmacologically important moiety that exhibits diverse biological activities. This review reflects the growing significance of transition metal-catalyzed reactions for the synthesis of pyrimidines (with no discussion being made on the transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of pyrimidines). The effect of different catalysts on the selectivity/yields of pyrimidines and catalyst recyclability (wherever applicable) are described, together with attempts to illustrate the role of the catalyst through mechanisms. Although several methods have been researched for synthesizing this privileged scaffold, there has been a considerable push to expand transition metal-catalyzed, sustainable, efficient and selective synthetic strategies leading to pyrimidines. The aim of the authors with this update (2017-2023) is to drive the designing of new transition metal-mediated protocols for pyrimidine synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipin K Maikhuri
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Divya Mathur
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Ankita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, R.D.S College, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Virinder S Parmar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Nanoscience Program, CUNY Graduate Center and Department of Chemistry, City College & Medgar Evers College, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Brajendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Q, Liu M, Wang W. Recent progress of the synthesis methods of homo-trisubstituted pyrimidines compounds. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
|
3
|
Iftikhar R, Mazhar A, Iqbal MS, Khan FZ, Askary SH, Sibtain H. Ring forming transformations of ynamides via cycloaddition. RSC Adv 2023; 13:10715-10756. [PMID: 37025669 PMCID: PMC10072253 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ynamides are N-alkyne compounds bearing an electron withdrawing group at the nitrogen atom. They offer unique pathways for the construction of versatile building blocks owing to their exceptional balance between reactivity and stability. Recently several studies have been reported that explore and illustrate the synthetic potential of ynamides and ynamide-derived advanced intermediates in cycloadditions with different reaction partners to yield heterocyclic cycloadducts of synthetic and pharmaceutical value. Cycloaddition reactions of ynamides are the facile and preferable routes for the construction of structural motifs having striking importance in synthetic, medicinal chemistry, and advanced materials. In this systematic review, we highlighted the recently reported novel transformations and synthetic applications that involved the cycloaddition reaction of ynamides. The scope along with the limitations of the transformations are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Iftikhar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Mazhar
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of New South Wales 2033-Sydney Australia
| | - Muhammad Saqlain Iqbal
- Department of Electrical Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari 70126-Bari Italy
| | - Faiza Zahid Khan
- Institute of Chemistry, RheinischeFriedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Syed Hassan Askary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology 54770-Lahore Pakistan
| | - Hifza Sibtain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology 54770-Lahore Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Filho EV, Pinheiro EM, Pinheiro S, Greco SJ. Aminopyrimidines: Recent synthetic procedures and anticancer activities. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
5
|
Zhou X, Liang Z, Wang XN. Recent Advances in the Ring-Forming Reactions of Ynamides. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202009025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Recent Advances on the Preparation and Catalytic Applications of Metal Complexes Supported-Mesoporous Silica MCM-41 (Review). J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
7
|
Ding Y, Ma R, Hider RC, Ma Y. Acid‐Catalyzed Pseudo Five‐Component Annulation for a General One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Triaryl Pyrimidines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical EngineeringTaizhou University Taizhou 318000 P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310053 P R China
| | - Renchao Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical EngineeringTaizhou University Taizhou 318000 P. R. China
| | - Robert C. Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College London Franklin-Wilkins Building Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
| | - Yongmin Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical EngineeringTaizhou University Taizhou 318000 P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310053 P R China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Zhu Y, Xiang S, Fan W, Jin J, Huang D. Temperature controlled condensation of nitriles: efficient and convenient synthesis of β-enaminonitriles, 4-aminopyrimidines and 4-amidinopyrimidines in one system. RSC Adv 2020; 10:6576-6583. [PMID: 35496002 PMCID: PMC9049712 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of β-enaminonitriles, 4-aminopyrimidines and 4-amidinopyrimidines were simply synthesized from organonitriles by controlling the reaction temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou
- Fujian 350002
- China
| | - Yingzu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou
- Fujian 350002
- China
| | - Shiqun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou
- Fujian 350002
- China
| | - Weibin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou
- Fujian 350002
- China
| | - Jiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou
- Fujian 350002
- China
| | - Deguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou
- Fujian 350002
- China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu H, Liu Y, He MX, Wen H, Cao W, Chen P, Tang Y. Preparation of isoquinazolines via metal-free [4 + 2] cycloaddition of ynamides with nitriles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8408-8416. [PMID: 31478045 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TfOH-mediated [4 + 2] cycloaddition of ynamides with nitriles to construct 1,2-dihydroquinazolines is realized by a direct reaction in moderate to excellent yields (up to 93%) in a stereospecific manner. A rapid and efficient strategy has been employed for the syntheses of alkyl-substituted 1,2-dihydroquinazoline derivatives, and it exhibits good functional group tolerance, has a short reaction time, shows excellent diastereoselectivity, and is a simple and high-yielding reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Xing He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|