1
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Moreno-Naranjo JM, Furlan F, Wang J, Ryan STJ, Matulaitis T, Xu Z, Zhang Q, Minion L, Di Girolamo M, Jávorfi T, Siligardi G, Wade J, Gasparini N, Zysman-Colman E, Fuchter MJ. Enhancing Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence through Energy Transfer within a Chiral Polymer Host. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402194. [PMID: 38865650 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) that are able to emit high levels of circularly polarized (CP) light hold significant promise in numerous future technologies. Such devices require chiral emissive materials to enable CP electroluminescence. However, the vast majority of current OLED emitter classes, including the state-of-the-art triplet-harvesting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, produce very low levels of CP electroluminescence. Here a host-guest strategy that allows for energy transfer between a chiral polymer host and a representative chiral TADF emitter is showcased. Such a mechanism results in a large amplification of the circular polarization of the emitter. As such, this study presents a promising avenue to further boost the performance of circularly polarized organic light-emitting diode devices, enabling their further development and eventual commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Moreno-Naranjo
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Francesco Furlan
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jingxiang Wang
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Seán Timothy James Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Tomas Matulaitis
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Zhiyu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Louis Minion
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Marta Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tamás Jávorfi
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Jessica Wade
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Matthew John Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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2
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Kos M, Beránek T, Císařová I, Cuřínová P, Žádný J, Storch J, Církva V, Jakubec M. Resolution of 9,10-Diketo[7]helicene and Its Use in One-Step Preparation of Helicene-Based D-A-D Push-Pull Systems. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7495-7502. [PMID: 38804645 PMCID: PMC11165575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Racemic 9,10-diketo[7]helicene was successfully separated into enantiomers using a reversible and stereoselective reaction with 2,2'-diamino-1,1'-binaphthalene with moderate yields but with remarkable purity (>99% de). The enantiomerically pure diketone was used as a convenient starting material for the preparation of helicene-based push-pull molecules, which incorporated aza-aryl acceptors and diarylaminophenylene donor groups in a single step. A series of six push-pull systems, along with three reference molecules without donors, were prepared and studied using UV/vis and fluorescence measurements, circular dichroism, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kos
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Tomáš Beránek
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cuřínová
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology, Technická
5, 166 28 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Žádný
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Jan Storch
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Vladimír Církva
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Martin Jakubec
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
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3
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Li S, Sha X, Sun S, Zhang X, Guo D, Huang S. Study on the stability of molecular chirality and the configuration protection of dihydromyricetin in vine tea. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3569-3576. [PMID: 38745380 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of four key factors, namely, temperature, water source, metal ion, and pH, on the stability of molecular chirality of dihydromyricetin (DMY) and proposed effective strategies for configuration protection. The findings reveal that temperatures exceeding 80°C could accelerate the racemization process of DMY, with a significant increase in racemization observed at 100°C. In addition, DMY exhibited heightened stability in ultrapure water as compared to various water sources, including pure water-1, pure water-2, mineral water, and running water. Notably, the presence of Fe2+ displayed an inhibitory effect on the racemization of DMY, whereas Mg2+, Ca2+, and Mn2+ showed a substantial promotional effect. Additionally, acidic conditions (pH < 5.0) were found to be protective for maintaining the stability of DMY, whereas alkaline conditions (pH > 9.0) were observed to be detrimental. Meanwhile, we first identified the presence of another pair of DMY isomers in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuming Sha
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center for Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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4
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Yeung A, Zwijnenburg MA, Orton GRF, Robertson JH, Barendt TA. Investigating the diastereoselective synthesis of a macrocycle under Curtin-Hammett control. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5516-5524. [PMID: 38638241 PMCID: PMC11023033 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This work sheds new light on the stereoselective synthesis of chiral macrocycles containing twisted aromatic units, valuable π-conjugated materials for recognition, sensing, and optoelectronics. For the first time, we use the Curtin-Hammett principle to investigate a chiral macrocyclisation reaction, revealing the potential for supramolecular π-π interactions to direct the outcome of a dynamic kinetic resolution, favouring the opposite macrocyclic product to that expected under reversible, thermodynamically controlled conditions. Specifically, a dynamic, racemic perylene diimide dye (1 : 1 P : M) is strapped with an enantiopure (S)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol group (P-BINOL) to form two diastereomeric macrocyclic products, the homochiral macrocycle (PP) and the heterochiral species (PM). We find there is notable selectivity for the PM macrocycle (dr = 4 : 1), which is rationalised by kinetic templation from intramolecular aromatic non-covalent interactions between the P-BINOL π-donor and the M-PDI π-acceptor during the macrocyclisation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Yeung
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Martijn A Zwijnenburg
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Georgia R F Orton
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | | | - Timothy A Barendt
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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5
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Ali HA, Ismail MA, Fouda AEAS, Ghaith EA. A fruitful century for the scalable synthesis and reactions of biphenyl derivatives: applications and biological aspects. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18262-18305. [PMID: 37333795 PMCID: PMC10274569 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03531j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides recent developments in the current status and latest synthetic methodologies of biphenyl derivatives. Furthermore, this review investigates detailed discussions of several metalated chemical reactions related to biphenyl scaffolds such as Wurtz-Fittig, Ullmann, Bennett-Turner, Negishi, Kumada, Stille, Suzuki-Miyaura, Friedel-Crafts, cyanation, amination, and various electrophilic substitution reactions supported by their mechanistic pathways. Furthermore, the preconditions required for the existence of axial chirality in biaryl compounds are discussed. Furthermore, atropisomerism as a type of axial chirality in biphenyl molecules is discussed. Additionally, this review covers a wide range of biological and medicinal applications of the synthesized compounds involving patented approaches in the last decade corresponding to investigating the crucial role of the biphenyl structures in APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar A Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ismail
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Abd El-Aziz S Fouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Eslam A Ghaith
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
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6
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Xu W, Nagata Y, Kumagai N. TEtraQuinolines: A Missing Link in the Family of Porphyrinoid Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2609-2618. [PMID: 36689566 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin contains four inwardly oriented nitrogen atoms. It is arguably the most ubiquitous multifunctional naturally occurring macrocycle that has inspired the design of novel nitrogen-containing heterocycles for decades. While cyclic tetramers of pyrrole, indole, and pyridine have been exploited as macrocycles in this category, quinoline has been largely neglected as a synthon. Herein, we report the synthesis of TEtraQuinoline (TEQ) as a 'missing link' in this N4 macrocycle family. In TEQs, four quinoline units are concatenated to produce an S4-symmetric architecture. TEQs are characterized by a highly rigid saddle shape, wherein the lone-pair orbitals of the four nitrogen atoms are not aligned in a planar fashion. Nevertheless, TEQs can coordinate a series of transition-metal cations (Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Pd2+). TEQs are inherently fluorescence-silent but become strongly emissive upon protonation or complexation of Zn(II) cations (ϕ = 0.71). TEQ/Fe(II) complexes can catalyze dehydrogenation and oxygenation reactions with catalyst loadings as low as 0.1 mol %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Naoya Kumagai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.,Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0025, Japan
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7
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Menduti L, Baldoli C, Manetto S, Bolte M, Lerner H, Longhi G, Villani C, Licandro E, Wagner M. (BO) 2 -Doped Tetrathia[7]helicene: A Configurationally Stable Blue Emitter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215468. [PMID: 36409523 PMCID: PMC10107351 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Helicenes combine two central themes in chemistry: extended π-conjugation and chirality. Hetero-atom doping preserves both characteristics and allows modulation of the electronic structure of a helicene. Herein, we report the (BO)2 -doped tetrathia[7]helicene 1, which was prepared from 2-methoxy-3,3'-bithiophene in four steps. 1 is formally derived by substituting two (Mes)B-O moieties in place of (H)C=C(H) fragments in two benzene rings of the parent tetrathia[7]helicene. X-ray crystallography revealed a dihedral angle of 50.26(9)° between the two terminal thiophene rings. The (P)-/(M)-1 enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC and are configurationally stable at room temperature. The experimentally determined enantiomerization barrier of 27.4±0.1 kcal mol-1 is lower than that of tetrathia[7]helicene (39.4±0.1 kcal mol-1 ). The circular dichroism spectra of (P)- and (M)-1 show a perfect mirror-image relationship. 1 is a blue emitter (λem =411 nm) with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency of ΦPL =6 % (cf. tetrathia[7]helicene: λem ≈405 nm, ΦPL =5 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Menduti
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGoethe-Universität FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Strasse 760438Frankfurt (Main)Germany
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia Camillo Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Clara Baldoli
- CNR Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche Giulio NattaVia Camillo Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Simone Manetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del FarmacoSapienza Università di RomaP.le A. Moro 500185RomaItaly
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGoethe-Universität FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Strasse 760438Frankfurt (Main)Germany
| | - Hans‐Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGoethe-Universität FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Strasse 760438Frankfurt (Main)Germany
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità di BresciaViale Europa 1125123BresciaItaly
| | - Claudio Villani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del FarmacoSapienza Università di RomaP.le A. Moro 500185RomaItaly
| | - Emanuela Licandro
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia Camillo Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGoethe-Universität FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Strasse 760438Frankfurt (Main)Germany
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8
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Achmatowicz MM, Chen CY, Snead DR. Developing an atroposelective dynamic kinetic resolution of MRTX1719 by resolving incompatible chemical operations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10365-10367. [PMID: 36017676 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03627d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A high-yielding protocol for atropisomeric resolution was developed by rectifying incompatibilities between crystallization and epimerization via continuous processing. Application toward synthesis of MRTX1719, a densely functionalized active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), improved yield from 37% to 87%. This protocol provides a complementary means to access rotamers which challenge current asymmetric methodologies, and greatly improves sustainability by decreasing the consumption of solvent and advanced synthetic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Ct., San Diego, 92121, CA, USA.
| | - David R Snead
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Ct., San Diego, 92121, CA, USA.
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9
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Beaver MG, Brown DB, Campbell K, Fang YQ, Ford DD, Mardirossian N, Nagy KD, Rötheli AR, Sheeran JW, Telmesani R, Parsons AT. Axial Chirality in the Sotorasib Drug Substance, Part 2: Leveraging a High-Temperature Thermal Racemization to Recycle the Classical Resolution Waste Stream. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Beaver
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Derek B. Brown
- Pivotal and Commercial Synthetics, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Kiersten Campbell
- Snapdragon Chemistry, 300 2nd Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Yuan-Qing Fang
- Snapdragon Chemistry, 300 2nd Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - David D. Ford
- Snapdragon Chemistry, 300 2nd Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Narbe Mardirossian
- Molecular Engineering, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Kevin D. Nagy
- Snapdragon Chemistry, 300 2nd Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Andreas R. Rötheli
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jillian W. Sheeran
- Snapdragon Chemistry, 300 2nd Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Reem Telmesani
- Snapdragon Chemistry, 300 2nd Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Andrew T. Parsons
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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10
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Di Noja S, Amato F, Zinna F, Di Bari L, Ragazzon G, Prato M. Transfer of Axial Chirality to the Nanoscale Endows Carbon Nanodots with Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202397. [PMID: 35417611 PMCID: PMC9320872 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, purification and characterization of chiral carbon nanodots starting from atropoisomeric precursors. The obtained atropoisomeric carbon nanodots are soluble in organic solvents and have good thermal stability, which are desirable features for technological applications. The synthetic protocol is robust, as it supports a number of variations in terms of molecular doping agents. Remarkably, the combination of axially chiral precursors and 1,4-benzoquinone as doping agent results in green-emissive carbon dots displaying circularly polarized luminescence. Dissymmetry factors of |3.5|×10-4 are obtained in solution, without the need of any additional element of chirality. Introducing axial chirality expands the strategies available to tailor the properties of carbon nanodots, paving the way for carbon nanoparticles that combine good processability in organic solvents with engineered advanced chiroptical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Noja
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of Triestevia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Francesco Amato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of Triestevia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Pisavia Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Pisavia Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Giulio Ragazzon
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of Triestevia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
- CNRSInstitut de Science et d'Ingégnierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS)University of Strasbourg8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of Triestevia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Paseo de Miramón 18220014Donostia San SebastiánSpain
- Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque48013BilbaoSpain
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11
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Sysel P, Hovorka Š, Kohout M, Holakovský R, Žádný J, Čížek J, Izák P. Optically active polyimides with different thermal histories of their preparation. Chirality 2022; 34:1151-1161. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Sysel
- Department of Polymers and Technology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Hovorka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Roman Holakovský
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Žádný
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čížek
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Izák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS Prague 6 Czech Republic
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12
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Prato M, Di Noja S, Amato F, Zinna F, Di Bari L, Ragazzon G. Transfer of Axial Chirality to the Nanoscale Endows Carbon Nanodots with Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Prato
- Università di Trieste Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Piazzale Europa 1 34127 Trieste ITALY
| | - Simone Di Noja
- Universita degli Studi di Trieste Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche ITALY
| | - Francesco Amato
- Universita degli Studi di Trieste Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche ITALY
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Università di Pisa: Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche ITALY
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Università di Pisa: Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche ITALY
| | - Giulio Ragazzon
- ISIS: Institut de Science et d'Ingenierie Supramoleculaires Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche FRANCE
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13
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Teichmann B, Krause A, Lin M, Würthner F. Enantioselective Recognition of Helicenes by a Tailored Chiral Benzo[ghi]perylene Trisimide π-Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117625. [PMID: 35103371 PMCID: PMC9303377 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective molecular recognition of chiral molecules that lack specific interaction sites for hydrogen bonding or Lewis acid-base interactions remains challenging. Here we introduce the concept of tailored chiral π-surfaces toward the maximization of shape complementarity. As we demonstrate for helicenes it is indeed possible by pure van-der-Waals interactions (π-π interactions and CH-π interactions) to accomplish enantioselective binding. This is shown for a novel benzo[ghi]perylene trisimide (BPTI) receptor whose π-scaffold is contorted into a chiral plane by functionalization with 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL). Complexation experiments of enantiopure (P)-BPTI with (P)- and (M)-[6]helicene afforded binding constants of 10 700 M-1 and 550 M-1 , respectively, thereby demonstrating the pronounced enantiodifferentiation by the homochiral π-scaffold of the BPTI host. The enantioselective recognition is even observable by the naked eye due to a specific exciplex-type emission originating from the interacting homochiral π-scaffolds of electron-rich [6]helicene and electron-poor BPTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Teichmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University350116China
| | - Ana‐Maria Krause
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Mei‐Jin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University350116China
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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14
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Teichmann B, Krause A, Lin M, Würthner F. Enantioselective Recognition of Helicenes by a Tailored Chiral Benzo[ghi]perylene Trisimide π‐Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Teichmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University 350116 China
| | - Ana‐Maria Krause
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mei‐Jin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University 350116 China
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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15
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Dubey RK, Melle-Franco M, Mateo-Alonso A. Inducing Single-Handed Helicity in a Twisted Molecular Nanoribbon. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2765-2774. [PMID: 35099195 PMCID: PMC8855342 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular conformation has an important role in chemistry and materials science. Molecular nanoribbons can adopt chiral twisted helical conformations. However, the synthesis of single-handed helically twisted molecular nanoribbons still represents a considerable challenge. Herein, we describe an asymmetric approach to induce single-handed helicity with an excellent degree of conformational discrimination. The chiral induction is the result of the chiral strain generated by fusing two oversized chiral rings and of the propagation of that strain along the nanoribbon's backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Dubey
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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16
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Kroeger AA, Karton A. Perylene Bisimide Cyclophanes as Biaryl Enantiomerization Catalysts─Explorations into π–π Catalysis and Host–Guest Chirality Transfer. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5485-5496. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asja A. Kroeger
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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17
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Kanda J, Egami N, Sasamori T, Imayoshi A, Hosoya T, Tsubaki K. Synthesis of Bridged Indigos and Their Thermoisomerization and Photoisomerization Behaviors. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17620-17628. [PMID: 34818023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bridged indigos were synthesized by bridging the two nitrogen atoms in the indigo structure with a carbon chain, and their properties were carefully examined. These bridged indigos have intrinsic planar chirality, and the enantiomers were separated using chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. When the chiral bridged indigos were subjected to thermo- and photoisomerization, the corresponding (Z)-indigo was not observed at all, and racemization was observed. This phenomenon is caused by the low activation energy of inversion due to the 1.5 bond order of the double bond of the indigo skeleton and the large energy difference between the ground states of (E)-indigo and (Z)-indigo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kanda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Naoki Egami
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tenodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Ayumi Imayoshi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Hosoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tsubaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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18
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Berkecz R, Németi G, Péter A, Ilisz I. Liquid Chromatographic Enantioseparations Utilizing Chiral Stationary Phases Based on Crown Ethers and Cyclofructans. Molecules 2021; 26:4648. [PMID: 34361801 PMCID: PMC8348247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds can exist in different forms, where molecules possessing chirality play an essential role in living organisms. Currently, one of the most important tasks of modern analytical chemistry is the enantioseparation of chiral compounds, in particular, the enantiomers of compounds having biological and/or pharmaceutical activity. Whether the task is to analyze environmental or food samples or to develop an assay for drug control, well-reproducible, highly sensitive, stereoselective, and robust methods are required. High-performance liquid chromatography best meets these conditions. Nevertheless, in many cases, gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, or capillary electrophoresis can also offer a suitable solution. Amino acids, proteins, cyclodextrins, derivatized polysaccharides, macrocyclic glycopeptides, and ion exchangers can serve as efficient selectors in liquid chromatography, and they are quite frequently applied and reviewed. Crown ethers and cyclofructans possessing similar structural characteristics and selectivity in the enantiodiscrimination of different amine compounds are discussed less frequently. This review collects information on enantioseparations achieved recently with the use of chiral stationary phases based on crown ethers or cyclofructans, focusing on liquid chromatographic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - István Ilisz
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.B.); (G.N.); (A.P.)
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19
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Zhao Y, Ku CF, Xu XY, Tsang NY, Zhu Y, Zhao CL, Liu KL, Li CC, Rong L, Zhang HJ. Stable Axially Chiral Isomers of Arylnaphthalene Lignan Glycosides with Antiviral Potential Discovered from Justicia procumbens. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5568-5583. [PMID: 33818100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Arylnaphthalene lignans (ANLs) were known to have axial chirality due to the biphenyl skeleton with hindered rotation at the single bond. However, the stable ANL atropisomers have not been isolated from nature until the present study. Phytochemical separation of the methanol extract of the stems and barks of Justicia procumbens led to the isolation of 11 ANL glycosides including four pairs of new atropisomers with stable confirmations at room temperature. Their structures were deduced from elucidation of the extensive spectral data, and their absolute configurations were determined by the circular dichroism, electronic circular dichroism, and X-ray methods as well as the total synthesis of one pair of the atropisomers. The ANL compounds were evaluated for their antiviral potential, and it was found that they displayed great antiviral activity discrepancy between a pair of atropisomers due to the geometric orientation. The 1'P-oriented atropisomers showed much more significant antiviral potency than their corresponding 1'M-oriented counterparts. The biological activity discrepancy caused by the axial chirality will not only inspire synthetic design of novel ANL atropisomers to enrich the structural diversity, but also provide important hints to direct the synthetic approaches toward the antiviral drug development of ANL compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Chuen-Fai Ku
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ya Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Nga-Yi Tsang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Liang Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Kang-Lun Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
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20
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Kroeger AA, Hooper JF, Karton A. Pristine Graphene as a Racemization Catalyst for Axially Chiral BINOL. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1675-1681. [PMID: 32515165 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite versatile applications of functionalized graphene in catalysis, applications of pure, unfunctionalized graphene in catalysis are in their infancy. This work uses both computational and experimental approaches to show that single-layer graphene can efficiently catalyze the racemization of axially chiral BINOL in solution. Using double-hybrid density functional theory (DHDFT) we calculate the uncatalyzed and catalyzed Gibbs free reaction barrier heights in a number of representative solvents of varying polarity: benzene, diphenyl ether, dimethylformamide (DMF), and water. These calculations show that (i) graphene can achieve significant catalytic efficiencies (▵▵G≠ cat ) varying between 47.2 (in diphenyl ether) and 60.7 (in DMF) kJ mol-1 . An energy decomposition analysis reveals that this catalytic activity is driven by electrostatic and dispersion interactions. Based on these computational results, we explore the graphene-catalyzed racemization of axially chiral BINOL experimentally and show that single-layer graphene can efficiently catalyze this process. Whilst the uncatalyzed racemization requires high temperatures of over 200 °C, a pristine single-layer graphene catalyst makes it accessible at 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asja A Kroeger
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Joel F Hooper
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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21
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Sysel P, Kulhánková H, Weinertová K. Polyimides prepared without the use of toxic amidic solvents. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Vik EC, Li P, Maier JM, Madukwe DO, Rassolov VA, Pellechia PJ, Masson E, Shimizu KD. Large transition state stabilization from a weak hydrogen bond. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7487-7494. [PMID: 34123031 PMCID: PMC8159443 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02806a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of molecular rotors was designed to study and measure the rate accelerating effects of an intramolecular hydrogen bond. The rotors form a weak neutral O–H⋯O
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C hydrogen bond in the planar transition state (TS) of the bond rotation process. The rotational barrier of the hydrogen bonding rotors was dramatically lower (9.9 kcal mol−1) than control rotors which could not form hydrogen bonds. The magnitude of the stabilization was significantly larger than predicted based on the independently measured strength of a similar O–H⋯OC hydrogen bond (1.5 kcal mol−1). The origins of the large transition state stabilization were studied via experimental substituent effect and computational perturbation analyses. Energy decomposition analysis of the hydrogen bonding interaction revealed a significant reduction in the repulsive component of the hydrogen bonding interaction. The rigid framework of the molecular rotors positions and preorganizes the interacting groups in the transition state. This study demonstrates that with proper design a single hydrogen bond can lead to a TS stabilization that is greater than the intrinsic interaction energy, which has applications in catalyst design and in the study of enzyme mechanisms. A series of molecular rotors was designed to study and measure the rate accelerating effects of an intramolecular hydrogen bond.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C Vik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Josef M Maier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Daniel O Madukwe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Vitaly A Rassolov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Perry J Pellechia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Eric Masson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
| | - Ken D Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA
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23
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Bonetti G, Arnaboldi S, Grecchi S, Appoloni G, Massolo E, Rossi S, Martinazzo R, Orsini F, Mussini PR, Benincori T. Effective Enantiodiscrimination in Electroanalysis Based on a New Inherently Chiral 1,1'-binaphthyl Selector Directly Synthesizable in Enantiopure Form. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092175. [PMID: 32384781 PMCID: PMC7249101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enantioselective electroanalysis, which aims to discriminate the enantiomers of electroactive chiral probes in terms of potential difference, is a very attractive goal. To achieve this, its implementation is being studied for various "inherently chiral" selectors, either at the electrode surface or in the medium, yielding outstanding performance. In this context, the new inherently chiral monomer Naph2T4 is introduced, based on a biaromatic atropisomeric core, which is advantageously obtainable in enantiopure form without HPLC separation steps by a synthetic route hinging on enantiopure 2,2'-dibromo-1,1'-binaphthalenes. The antipodes of the new inherently chiral monomer can be easily electrooligomerized, yielding inherently chiral electrode surfaces that perform well in both cyclic voltammetry (CV) enantiodiscrimination tests with pharmaceutically interesting molecules and in magnetoelectrochemistry experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Bonetti
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (G.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Serena Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.A.); (S.G.); (E.M.); (S.R.); (R.M.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Sara Grecchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.A.); (S.G.); (E.M.); (S.R.); (R.M.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Giulio Appoloni
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (G.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Massolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.A.); (S.G.); (E.M.); (S.R.); (R.M.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.A.); (S.G.); (E.M.); (S.R.); (R.M.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Rocco Martinazzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.A.); (S.G.); (E.M.); (S.R.); (R.M.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Francesco Orsini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Patrizia R. Mussini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.A.); (S.G.); (E.M.); (S.R.); (R.M.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Tiziana Benincori
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (G.B.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-031-2386615
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24
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Kroeger AA, Karton A. Catalysis by Pure Graphene-From Supporting Actor to Protagonist through Shape Complementarity. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11343-11347. [PMID: 31398031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In most catalytic applications, graphene is either functionalized or acts as the catalyst support. DFT calculations show on the example of the racemizations of binaphthyl compounds that pure unmodified graphene can directly catalyze chemical processes through stabilizing noncovalent π-π interactions resulting from shape complementarity between transition structures and catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asja A Kroeger
- School of Molecular Sciences , The University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway , Crawley , WA 6009 , Australia
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences , The University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway , Crawley , WA 6009 , Australia
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25
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Tkachenko N, Scheiner S. Optical Stability of 1,1'-Binaphthyl Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:6044-6049. [PMID: 31459752 PMCID: PMC6648391 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The racemization process of various 1,1'-binaphthyl derivatives is studied by quantum calculations. The preferred racemization pathway passes through a transition state belonging to the Ci symmetry group. The energy barrier for this process is independent of solvation, the electron-withdrawing/releasing power of substituents, or their ability to engage in H-bonds within the molecule. The primary factor is instead the substituent size. The barrier is thus reduced when the -OH groups of 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol are replaced by H. There is a drop in the barrier also when the substituents are moved from the 2,2' positions to 6,6', where they will not come close to one another in the transition state. Upon removal of the peripheral aromatic rings of the binaphthyl system, the biphenyl system undergoes a facile racemization. It is concluded that the optimal means of improving optical stability of 1,1'-binaphthyl systems is the substitution of large bulky groups in the 2,2' positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay
V. Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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26
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Tan JSJ, Paton RS. Frontier molecular orbital effects control the hole-catalyzed racemization of atropisomeric biaryls. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2285-2289. [PMID: 30931095 PMCID: PMC6399675 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05066j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atropisomeric biaryl systems are privileged architectures used in asymmetric synthesis and pharmaceutical structures. We report that by simply removing a single-electron, the resistance of biaryls towards racemization is reduced dramatically. Even though the steric properties are unaltered, biaryl oxidation changes atropisomerization into a two step mechanism with considerably smaller activation barriers than closed-shell biaryls. The effect is general for a series of biaryls and helicenes studied and results from the dependence of frontier molecular orbital energies on biaryl conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S J Tan
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO 80523 , USA . http://www.patonlab.com ;
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27
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Engwerda AHJ, van Schayik P, Jagtenberg H, Meekes H, Rutjes FPJT, Vlieg E. Deracemization of a Racemic Compound by Using Tailor-Made Additives. Chemistry 2018; 24:2863-2867. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hugo Meekes
- Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Elias Vlieg
- Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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