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Ciaffaglione V, Waghorn PA, Exner RM, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Godfrey SP, Sarpaki S, Quilter H, Dondi R, Ge H, Kociok-Kohn G, Botchway SW, Eggleston IM, Dilworth JR, Pascu SI. Structural Investigations, Cellular Imaging, and Radiolabeling of Neutral, Polycationic, and Polyanionic Functional Metalloporphyrin Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1374-1392. [PMID: 33525868 PMCID: PMC8299459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Over the past decade,
porphyrin derivatives have emerged as invaluable
synthetic building blocks and theranostic kits for the delivery of
cellular fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy. Tetraphenylporphyrin
(TPP), its metal complexes, and related derivatives have been investigated
for their use as dyes in histology and as components of multimodal
imaging probes. The photophysical properties of porphyrin–metal
complexes featuring radiometals have been a focus of our attention
for the realization of fluorescence imaging probes coupled with radioimaging
capabilities and therapeutic potential having “true”
theranostic promise. We report hereby on the synthesis, radiochemistry,
structural investigations, and preliminary in vitro and in vivo uptake studies on a range of functionalized
porphyrin-based derivatives. In pursuit of developing new porphyrin-based
probes for multimodality imaging applications, we report new functionalized
neutral, polycationic, and polyanionic porphyrins incorporating nitroimidazole
and sulfonamide moieties, which were used as targeting groups to improve
the notoriously poor pharmacokinetics of porphyrin tags. The resulting
functional metalloporphyrin species were stable under serum challenges
and the nitroimidazole and sulfonamide derivatives remained fluorescent,
allowing in vitro confocal studies and visualization
of the lysosomal uptake in a gallium(III) sulfonamide derivative.
The molecular structures of selected porphyrin derivatives were determined
by single crystal X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. We
also investigated the nature of the emission/excitation behavior of
model functional porphyrins using in silico approaches
such as TD DFT in simple solvation models. The conjugation of porphyrins
with the [7-13] and [7-14] fragments of bombesin was also achieved,
to provide targeting of the gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR).
Depending on the metal, probe conjugates of relevance for single photon
emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography
(PET) probes have been designed and tested hereby, using TPP and related
functional free base porphyrins as the bifunctional chelator synthetic
scaffold and 111In[In] or 68Ga[Ga], respectively,
as the central metal ions. Interestingly, for simple porphyrin conjugates
good radiochemical incorporation was obtained for both radiometals,
but the presence of peptides significantly diminished the radio-incorporation
yields. Although the gallium-68 radiochemistry of the bombesin conjugates
did not show radiochemical incorporation suitable for in vivo studies, likely because the presence of the peptide changed the
behavior of the TPP-NH2 synthon taken alone, the optical
imaging assays indicated that the conjugated peptide tags do mediate
uptake of the porphyrin units into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Ciaffaglione
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A Waghorn
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Rüdiger M Exner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Samuel P Godfrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Sarpaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Quilter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ruggero Dondi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Haobo Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Kohn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Material and Chemical Characterisation (MC2), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Eggleston
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Dilworth
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia I Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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2
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Gilissen PJ, Swartjes A, Spierenburg B, Bruekers JP, Tinnemans P, White PB, Rutjes FP, Nolte RJ, Elemans JA. Rapid and scalable synthesis of chiral porphyrin cage compounds. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Martinez-Cuezva A, Morales F, Marley GR, Lopez-Lopez A, Martinez-Costa JC, Bautista D, Alajarin M, Berna J. Thermally and Photochemically Induced Dethreading of Fumaramide-Based Kinetically Stable Pseudo[2]rotaxanes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Fatima Morales
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Grace R. Marley
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Adrian Lopez-Lopez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Martinez-Costa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | | | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
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4
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Gorelenkova Miller O, Cole KS, Emerson CC, Allimuthu D, Golczak M, Stewart PL, Weerapana E, Adams DJ, Mieyal JJ. Novel chloroacetamido compound CWR-J02 is an anti-inflammatory glutaredoxin-1 inhibitor. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187991. [PMID: 29155853 PMCID: PMC5695812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxin (Grx1) is a ubiquitously expressed thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that specifically catalyzes reduction of S-glutathionylated substrates. Grx1 is known to be a key regulator of pro-inflammatory signaling, and Grx1 silencing inhibits inflammation in inflammatory disease models. Therefore, we anticipate that inhibition of Grx1 could be an anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy. We used a rapid screening approach to test 504 novel electrophilic compounds for inhibition of Grx1, which has a highly reactive active-site cysteine residue (pKa 3.5). From this chemical library a chloroacetamido compound, CWR-J02, was identified as a potential lead compound to be characterized. CWR-J02 inhibited isolated Grx1 with an IC50 value of 32 μM in the presence of 1 mM glutathione. Mass spectrometric analysis documented preferential adduction of CWR-J02 to the active site Cys-22 of Grx1, and molecular dynamics simulation identified a potential non-covalent binding site. Treatment of the BV2 microglial cell line with CWR-J02 led to inhibition of intracellular Grx1 activity with an IC50 value (37 μM). CWR-J02 treatment decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory gene transcription in the microglial cells in a parallel concentration-dependent manner, documenting the anti-inflammatory potential of CWR-J02. Exploiting the alkyne moiety of CWR-J02, we used click chemistry to link biotin azide to CWR-J02-adducted proteins, isolating them with streptavidin beads. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis identified many CWR-J02-reactive proteins, including Grx1 and several mediators of inflammatory activation. Taken together, these data identify CWR-J02 as an intracellularly effective Grx1 inhibitor that may elicit its anti-inflammatory action in a synergistic manner by also disabling other pro-inflammatory mediators. The CWR-J02 molecule provides a starting point for developing more selective Grx1 inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gorelenkova Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kyle S. Cole
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Corey C. Emerson
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dharmaraja Allimuthu
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Phoebe L. Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Drew J. Adams
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John J. Mieyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Zhu L, Zhu M, Zhao Y. Controlled Movement of Cucurbiturils in Host-Guest Systems. Chempluschem 2016; 82:30-41. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
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6
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Skonieczny K, Yoo J, Larsen JM, Espinoza EM, Barbasiewicz M, Vullev VI, Lee CH, Gryko DT. How To Reach Intense Luminescence for Compounds Capable of Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer? Chemistry 2016; 22:7485-96. [PMID: 27062363 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced intramolecular direct arylation allows structurally unique compounds containing phenanthro[9',10':4,5]imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridine and imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridine skeletons, which mediate excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), to be efficiently synthesized. The developed polycyclic aromatics demonstrate that the combination of five-membered ring structures with a rigid arrangement between a proton donor and a proton acceptor provides a means for attaining large fluorescence quantum yields, exceeding 0.5, even in protic solvents. Steady-state and time-resolved UV/Vis spectroscopy reveals that, upon photoexcitation, the prepared protic heteroaromatics undergo ESIPT, converting them efficiently into their excited-state keto tautomers, which have lifetimes ranging from about 5 to 10 ns. The rigidity of their structures, which suppresses nonradiative decay pathways, is believed to be the underlying reason for the nanosecond lifetimes of these singlet excited states and the observed high fluorescence quantum yields. Hydrogen bonding with protic solvents does not interfere with the excited-state dynamics and, as a result, there is no difference between the occurrences of ESIPT processes in MeOH versus cyclohexane. Acidic media has a more dramatic effect on suppressing ESIPT by protonating the proton acceptor. As a result, in the presence of an acid, a larger proportion of the fluorescence of ESIPT-capable compounds originates from their enol excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jaeduk Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 23417, Republic of Korea
| | - Jillian M Larsen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Eli M Espinoza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Michał Barbasiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 23417, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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7
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Qu DH, Wang QC, Zhang QW, Ma X, Tian H. Photoresponsive Host–Guest Functional Systems. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7543-88. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5006342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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8
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Franceschin M, Bombelli C, Borioni S, Bozzuto G, Eleuteri S, Mancini G, Molinari A, Bianco A. A new perylene bisimide bola amphiphile: synthesis, characterization, fluorescent properties and applications as a potential probe. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Huang X, Huang S, Zhai B, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Wang Q. Slipping synthesis of cucurbit[7]uril-based [2]rotaxane in organic environment. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Ma X, Tian H. Rotaxanes-Self-Assembled Links. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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12
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Majce V, Kočevar M, Polanc S. A rapid and simple amine-catalyzed microwave-assisted isomerization of maleamides into fumaramides. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Kim J, Ohk Y, Park SH, Jung Y, Chang S. Intramolecular aromatic carbenoid insertion of biaryldiazoacetates for the regioselective synthesis of fluorenes. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2040-7. [PMID: 21567971 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rhodium- or copper-catalyzed intramolecular aromatic carbenoid insertion of biaryldiazoacetates offers a convenient route to fluorene carboxylates with high yields. Whereas, thermal conditions provided a mixture of two regioisomeric products when substituted biaryldiazoacetates were employed as substrates. The developed catalytic conditions displayed an excellent level of regioselectivity, presumably owing to steric effects. The insertion mechanism was assumed to be an electrophilic aromatic substitution, which was supported by preliminary mechanistic studies. A chloro-substituted fluorene derivative was efficiently synthesized and utilized as a base-sensitive protecting group of amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Kim
- Molecular-Level Interface Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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14
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Ma X, Cao J, Wang Q, Tian H. Photocontrolled reversible room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) encoding β-cyclodextrin pseudorotaxane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3559-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc05488g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Zhu L, Lu M, Qu D, Wang Q, Tian H. Coordination-assembly for quantitative construction of bis-branched molecular shuttles. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4226-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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Jensen TB, Terazzi E, Buchwalder KL, Guénée L, Nozary H, Schenk K, Heinrich B, Donnio B, Guillon D, Piguet C. Dimerization of Dendrimeric Lanthanide Complexes: Thermodynamic, Thermal, and Liquid-Crystalline Properties. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:8601-19. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101220v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Binderup Jensen
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Applied Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Terazzi
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Applied Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Kerry-Lee Buchwalder
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Applied Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Laure Guénée
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Applied Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Homayoun Nozary
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Applied Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Schenk
- Laboratory of Crystallography, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Groupe des Matériaux Organiques, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), 23 rue du Loess, B.P. 43, F67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Groupe des Matériaux Organiques, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), 23 rue du Loess, B.P. 43, F67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Daniel Guillon
- Groupe des Matériaux Organiques, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), 23 rue du Loess, B.P. 43, F67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Claude Piguet
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Applied Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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17
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Leigh DA, Lusby PJ, McBurney RT, Symes MD. Improved dynamics and positional bias with a second generation palladium(ii)-complexed molecular shuttle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2382-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c001697g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Ji FY, Zhu LL, Zhang D, Chen ZF, Tian H. Coordination-driven self-organization of switchable [2]rotaxane. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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