Dodecylphosphonic acid (DPA): a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones under solvent-free conditions

Sb(iii)/Gum Arabic composite as a new natural-based environmentally green catalyst for the one-pot pseudo-four-component synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b] phthalazinetriones

Sb(iii)-Gum Arabic composite as a unique natural-based and nontoxic catalyst was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TGA, ICP, BET, EDX and mapping. A four-component reaction of phthalic anhydride, hydrazinium hydroxide, aldehyde, and dimedone has been carried out in the presence of Sb(iii)/Gum Arabic composite to synthesise 2H-indazolo[2,1-b] phthalazine triones. The advantages of the present protocol are the appropriate reaction times, eco-friendly nature and high yields.

Ag NPs supported chitosan-agarose modified Fe3O4 nanocomposite catalyzed synthesis of indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazines and anticancer studies against liver and lung cancer cells

In this article we report a novel Ag NPs fabricated chitosan-agarose composite functionalized core-shell type Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle (Ag/CS-Agar@Fe₃O₄). The biogenic material was analyzed over a number of physicochemical methods like, FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, VSM and ICP-OES. In catalytic exploration we aimed the synthesis of diverse 2H-indazolo0-b]phthalazine-trione derivatives via one-pot three component coupling of phathalalhydrazide, dimedone and different aldehydes. It afforded good to excellent yields under solvent-less conditions. Robustness of the catalyst was justified by catalyst recyclability for consecutive 10 times, hot filtration and leaching tests. Again, biological activity of the material was evaluated by studying the antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties over lung and liver cancer cell lines. Antioxidant potential of Ag/CS-Agar@Fe₃O₄ was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging studies and the corresponding IC50 was found to be 96.57 μg/mL. Liver and lung cancer studies over Ag/CS-Agar@Fe₃O₄ was carried out by MTT assay against HepG2 and A549 cell lines. The corresponding IC50 values were found as 192.35 and 365.28 μg/mL respectively. % Cell viability of the nanomaterial decreased dose dependently over both the cell lines without any cytotoxicity on normal cell line. The results demonstrates Ag/CS-Agar@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite to be an efficient chemotherapeutic drug against the lung and hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

[TBP]2SO4 ionic liquid catalyst for 4MCR of pyridazinoindazole, indazolophthalazine and pyrazolophthalazine derivatives

Tetrabutyl phosphonium sulfate ([TBP]₂SO₄), as novel room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), was synthesized by a simple cost-effective method, characterized by ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P NMR and FT-IR spectrophotometry. The newly prepared catalyst was used as an efficient catalyst in some four multicomponent reactions (4MCRs) e. g., to synthesis pyridazino[1,2-a]indazole, indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine and pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine. This green method has several advantages such as short reaction time, using simple methods to prepare catalysts and products, easy operation and high efficiency of products. In addition, the catalyst can be easily recovered and reused several times with reduced average activity.

Introduction of Fe3O4@SiO2–ZrCl2-MNPs for the efficient promotion of some multi-component reactions under solvent-free conditions

In the work, the preparation, characterization and use of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂–ZrCl₂-MNPs as nano magnetic reagents in the promotion of some multi-component reactions is reported.

SO3H-functionalized mesoporous silica materials as solid acid catalyst for facile and solvent-free synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11-trione derivatives

SO₃H-functionalized mesoporous silica materials were used to synthesize 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11-trione derivatives in a one-pot three-component condensation reaction.

N,2-Dibromo-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide: an efficient and homogeneous catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 4H-pyran, pyranopyrazole and pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine derivatives under aqueous media

DCDBTSD was successfully applied in the synthesis of 4H-pyran, pyranopyrazole and pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine derivatives by a one-pot multi-component reaction in water.

A mesoporous SBA-15 silica catalyst functionalized with phenylsulfonic acid groups (SBA-15-Ph-SO3H) as a novel hydrophobic nanoreactor solid acid catalyst for a one-pot three-component synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones and triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-triones

Phenyl sulfonic acid functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 silica was prepared through the silanization of activated mesoporous SBA-15 with diphenyldichlorosilane followed by silylation and sulfonation.

Protic ionic liquid [TMG][Ac] as an efficient, homogeneous and recyclable catalyst for one-pot four-component synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones and dihydro-1H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-6-ones

A mildly basic ionic liquid was found to be a very effective basic catalyst at 80 °C.