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Sheppard DJ, Cameron SA, Tyler PC, Schwörer R. Comparison of disaccharide donors for heparan sulfate synthesis: uronic acids vs. their pyranose equivalents. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4728-4733. [PMID: 32531013 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00671h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Late oxidation of hexose based building blocks or the use of uronic acid containing building blocks are two complementary strategies in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, the latter simplifiying the later stages of the process. Here we report the synthesis and evaluation of various disaccharide donors-uronic acids and their pyranose equivalents-for the synthesis of heparan sulfate, using an established protective group strategy. Hexose based "imidate" type donors perform well in the studied glycosylations, while their corresponding uronate esters fall short; a uronate ester thioglycoside performs equal to, if not better than, a hexose thioglycoside equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Sheppard
- The Ferrier Research Institute - Te Kāuru, Te Herenga Waka - Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Scott A Cameron
- The Ferrier Research Institute - Te Kāuru, Te Herenga Waka - Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Peter C Tyler
- The Ferrier Research Institute - Te Kāuru, Te Herenga Waka - Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Ralf Schwörer
- The Ferrier Research Institute - Te Kāuru, Te Herenga Waka - Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
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2
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Kowalska K, Pedersen CM. α-Selective glycosylations using glycosyl N-(ortho-methoxyphenyl)trifluoroacetimidates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1918-1925. [PMID: 32101221 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02696g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Six N-(o-methoxyphenyl)trifluoroacetimidate glycosyl donors have been synthesized and their role as glycosyl donors has been investigated. The donors were synthesized with complete β-selectivity, except in one case, and were found to be stable. When Bi(OTf)3, Fe(OTf)2, and Zn(OTf)2 were employed as catalysts, the glycosylations were found to be highly α-selective in Et2O. The selectivity and reaction rate changed with a change in the acceptor reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. and Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Christian Marcus Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Abstract
In the review, recent advances in the synthetic applications of trifluoroacetimidoyl halides have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkai Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Sipei Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
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4
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Wang T, Nigudkar SS, Yasomanee JP, Rath NP, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Glycosyl nitrates in synthesis: streamlined access to glucopyranose building blocks differentiated at C-2. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:3596-3604. [PMID: 29693690 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00477c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to refine a CAN-mediated synthesis of 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-glucopyranose (2-OH glucose) we unexpectedly discovered that this reaction proceeds via the intermediacy of glycosyl nitrates. Improved mechanistic understanding of this reaction led to the development of a more versatile synthesis of 2-OH glucose from a variety of precursors. Also demonstrated is the conversion of 2-OH glucose into a variety of building blocks differentially protected at C-2, a position that is generally hard to protect regioselectively in the glucopyranose series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghua Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
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5
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Smith DG, Williams SJ. A carbon tetrachloride-free synthesis of N -phenyltrifluoroacetimidoyl chloride. Carbohydr Res 2017; 450:10-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Fujita H, Kakuyama S, Kunishima M. N,N′-Dimethylated Benzyloxytriazinedione: A Stable Solid Reagent for Acid-CatalyzedO-Benzylation. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Fujita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 920-1192 Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa Japan
| | - Satoshi Kakuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 920-1192 Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa Japan
| | - Munetaka Kunishima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 920-1192 Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa Japan
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7
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Yamada K, Hayakawa N, Fujita H, Kitamura M, Kunishima M. Study of O-Allylation Using Triazine-Based Reagents. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:112-115. [PMID: 28049907 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acid-catalyzed allylating reagent 2,4,6-tris(allyloxy)-1,3,5-triazine (TriAT-allyl) and its substituted derivatives have been developed. The reaction of acid-, and alkali-labile alcohols with these reagents in the presence of a catalytic amount of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) afforded the corresponding allyl ethers in good yields. Reactions using these reagents with an unsymmetrically-substituted regioisometric allyl group suggested that a single isometric allylic cation species would be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
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8
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Yamada T, Tsukagoshi S, Kitagawa O. Specific reactivity of 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylanilide anions and its application to benzylation reagent. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Heuckendorff M, Jensen HH. Removal of some common glycosylation by-products during reaction work-up. Carbohydr Res 2016; 439:50-56. [PMID: 28107657 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of improving the general glycosylation protocol to facilitate easy product isolation it was shown that amide by-products from glycosylation with trichloroacetimidate and N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate donors could be removed during reaction work-up by washing with a basic aqueous solution. Excess glycosyl acceptor or lactol originating from glycosyl donor hydrolysis could equally be removed from the reaction mixture by derivatization with a basic tag and washing with an acidic solution during reaction work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Heuckendorff
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Zhang K, Xu XH, Qing FL. Copper-Promoted Ritter-Type Trifluoroethoxylation of (Hetero)arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates: A Method for the Preparation of Trifluoroethyl Imidates. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Lu 201620 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Science; 345 Lingling Lu 200032 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Lu 201620 Shanghai P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Science; 345 Lingling Lu 200032 Shanghai P. R. China
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11
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D'Alonzo D, Cipolletti M, Tarantino G, Ziaco M, Pieretti G, Iadonisi A, Palumbo G, Alfano A, Giuliano M, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C, Cammarota M, Parrilli M, Bedini E, Corsaro MM. A Semisynthetic Approach to New Immunoadjuvant Candidates: Site-Selective Chemical Manipulation ofEscherichia coliMonophosphoryl Lipid A. Chemistry 2016; 22:11053-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele D'Alonzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Manuela Cipolletti
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4 80126 Naples Italy
- Department of Biology; University “Roma Tre”; Viale G. Marconi 446 00146 Rome Italy
| | - Giulia Tarantino
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4 80126 Naples Italy
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute; School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Main Building, Park Place CF10 3AT Cardiff The United Kingdom
| | - Marcello Ziaco
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pieretti
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Giovanni Palumbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Alberto Alfano
- Department of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via de Crecchio 7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giuliano
- Department of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via de Crecchio 7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Mario De Rosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via de Crecchio 7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via de Crecchio 7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Marcella Cammarota
- Department of Experimental Medicine; Second University of Naples; via de Crecchio 7 80138 Naples Italy
| | - Michelangelo Parrilli
- Department of Biology; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo via Cintia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Maria M. Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4 80126 Naples Italy
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12
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Howard KT, Duffy BC, Linaburg MR, Chisholm JD. Formation of DPM ethers using O-diphenylmethyl trichloroacetimidate under thermal conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1623-8. [PMID: 26691695 PMCID: PMC4986612 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02455b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alcohols are effectively converted to their corresponding diphenylmethyl (DPM) ethers by reaction with O-diphenylmethyl trichloroacetimidate in refluxing toluene without the requirement of a catalyst or other additives. A number of acid and base sensitive substrates were protected in excellent yield using this new method without disturbing the pre-existing functionality present in these molecules. This reaction is the first example of the formation of an ether from stoichiometric amounts of a trichloroacetimidate and an alcohol without the addition of a Brønsted or Lewis acid catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Howard
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
| | - Brian C Duffy
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
| | - Matthew R Linaburg
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
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13
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Mukherjee C, Liu L, Pohl NLB. Regioselective Benzylation of 2-Deoxy-2-Aminosugars Using Crown Ethers: Application to a Shortened Synthesis of Hyaluronic Acid Oligomers. Adv Synth Catal 2014; 356:2247-2256. [PMID: 25419207 PMCID: PMC4235972 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The combination of benzyl bromide, sodium hydroxide and 15-crown-5 in tetrahydrofuran is shown to be an efficient method for installing benzyl groups at both the 4- and 6-positions regioselectively directly from peracetylated N-trichloroacetyl-protected glucosamine and galactosamine. Application of this benzylation strategy proved to significantly shorten the synthetic route to hyaluronic acid tetra- and hexamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7003, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hach Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, USA
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7003, USA
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