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Chen WH, Huang CW, Wu BH, Cheng MC, Peng SM, Chen IC. Study of Electronic and Vibrational Structures of Reduced, Neutral, and Oxidized Ni 3(dpa) 4X 2 Using Density Functional Theory and Raman Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15620-15630. [PMID: 32637838 PMCID: PMC7331223 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and vibrational structures of trinickel metal string complexes [Ni3(dpa)4X2]1-,0,1+ (X = Cl, NCS) were investigated using both theoretical calculations and spectroscopic methods. We used the density functional theory (DFT) method B3LYP*-D3, including less exact exchange energy and the van der Waals interaction of metal ions, to obtain the geometries and vibrational structures, which were found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The ground state of Ni3(dpa)4X2 is an antiferromagnetic (AF) singlet state, and the next state is a quintet state, which was detected using temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy under a magnetic field. The vibrational structure of the quintet state is nearly identical to that of the AF state, according to the measured Raman spectra, except that the stretching of Ni-Cl is blue-shifted from 282.5 cm-1 in the AF state to 283.8 cm-1 in the quintet state. Two oxidized Ni3 complexes were found to have [Ni3]7+ cores, the doublet [Ni3(dpa)4]3+ without axial ligands and the quartet [Ni3(dpa)4X2]+. Complex [Ni3(dpa)4X2]-, which was produced from a reduction reaction by gold nanoparticles at room temperature, consists of a quartet state as the ground state and a doublet state lying nearby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Wei Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Bo-Han Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Chuan Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China
| | - I-Chia Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
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Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the past 10-15 years on the design, synthesis, and properties of multimetallic coordination complexes with heterometallic metal-metal bonds that are paramagnetic. Several general classes have been explored including heterobimetallic compounds, heterotrimetallic compounds of either linear or triangular geometry, discrete molecular compounds containing a linear array of more than three metal atoms, and coordination polymers with a heterometallic metal-metal bonded backbone. We focus in this Review on the synthetic methods employed to access these compounds, their structural features, magnetic properties, and electronic structure. Regarding the metal-metal bond distances, we make use of the formal shortness ratio (FSR) for comparison of bond distances between a broad range of metal atoms of different sizes. The magnetic properties of these compounds can be described using an extension of the Goodenough-Kanamori rules to cases where two magnetic ions interact via a third metal atom. In describing the electronic structure, we focus on the ability (or not) of electrons to be delocalized across heterometallic bonds, allowing for rationalizations and predictions of single-molecule conductance measurements in paramagnetic heterometallic molecular wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Chipman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John F Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Liu Y, Hua S, Cheng M, Yu L, Demeshko S, Dechert S, Meyer F, Lee G, Chiang M, Peng S. Electron Delocalization of Mixed‐Valence Diiron Sites Mediated by Group 10 Metal Ions in Heterotrimetallic Fe‐M‐Fe (M=Ni, Pd, and Pt) Chain Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:11649-11666. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chiao Liu
- Institute of ChemistryAcademia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Shao‐An Hua
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced DevicesNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Present address: Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Li‐Chung Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced DevicesNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Present address: National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstr. 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Gene‐Hsiang Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced DevicesNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | | | - Shie‐Ming Peng
- Institute of ChemistryAcademia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced DevicesNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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Yu LC, Lee GH, Sigrist M, Lin TS, Peng SM. Structure and Antiferromagnetism of Trinuclear Heterometallic Strings Containing MnII-MII-MnIIFrameworks (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chung Yu
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; 10617 Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry; Academia Sinica; 11529 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; 10617 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Marc Sigrist
- Institute of Chemistry; Academia Sinica; 11529 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tien-Sung Lin
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; 10617 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; 10617 Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry; Academia Sinica; 11529 Taipei Taiwan
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Szarek P, Grochala W. Fine-Tuning of Magnetic Properties in Nickel(II) Trinuclear EMACs via Modifications of Equatorial Ligands. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9363-72. [PMID: 26266326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between equatorial ligands structures and magnetic response of [Ni3]6+ extended metal atom chain core has been investigated. The distances between metal ions in Ni metal strings are largely predefined by framework provided through equatorial ligands. The equatorial ligands thus have primary influence on the magnitude of magnetic coupling between terminal high spin centers. Since the σ channel has greatest contribution to J, the variations in Ni–Ni bond lengths have immediate and strong effect on magnetic properties. The secondary, yet important role is played by ligand field strength and nucleophilicity. It has been shown that energy difference between singly occupied σ-type MOs composed of d(z2) of terminal ions and doubly occupied σ-type MO evolved from d(z2) of the central ion in antiferromagnetic state solution is inversely proportional to magnitude of J. Hence, the alignment between energies of d(z2) orbitals on HS and LS centers directly affected by ligand field strength governs the magnetic response. Moreover, the greater basicity of lone pairs coordinating terminal metal atoms correlates with the larger absolute value of magnetic coupling constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Szarek
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw , Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Grochala
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw , Warsaw, Poland
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Bandeira NA, Tabookht Z, de Graaf C, López X. Simple versus composite nature of the magnetic coupling in copper and nickel-based metallic chains. Over- and underestimation of J. CR CHIM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Tabookht Z, de Graaf C, López X. Towards a low-spin configuration in extended metal atom chains. Theoretical study of trimetallic systems with 22 metal electrons. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:498-504. [PMID: 22042414 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Different electronic configurations of a series of trinuclear heterometallic chains with 22 metallic electrons, MM'M(dpa)(4)X(2) (M = Co, Rh; M' = Ni, Pd; X = Cl, NCS), have been modelled in search of new systems with novel electrical properties. For this purpose, we explore the possibility of obtaining low-spin (extensively closed-shell) states by introducing chemical changes to the reference compound CoPdCo(dpa)(4)Cl(2) (1), isoelectronic to the herein studied systems, but possessing magnetically coupled localized electrons. The discussion is based on the orbital energies obtained by the DFT methodology. Among the systems herein analysed, CoNiCo(dpa)(4)(NCS)(2) has only two unpaired electrons vs. six in the case of 1, its closed-shell configuration appearing at high energies. For Rh(2)M-based chains, changes go a step further and the RhPdRh(dpa)(4)Cl(2) and RhPdRh(dpa)(4)(NCS)(2) molecules present a closed-shell ground state in close competition with the broken symmetry solution with S = ½ on each Rh(II). One-electron reduction of the latter compounds has been computed with marked structural changes. Our calculations show that the two lowest 23-electron states are separated by 7-8 kcal mol(-1) in favour of the state with an unpaired localized electron on the δ(Pd-N)* orbital instead of the delocalized one (σ(nb))(2)(σ*)(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tabookht
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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Cheng MC, Liu IPC, Hsu CH, Lee GH, Chen CH, Peng SM. New trinuclear metal string complexes containing rigid Hdzp ligands: synthesis, structure, magnetism and DFT calculation (Hdzp = 1,9-diazaphenoxazine). Dalton Trans 2012; 41:3166-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt11246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nippe M, Bill E, Berry JF. Group 6 complexes with iron and zinc heterometals: understanding the structural, spectroscopic, and electrochemical properties of a complete series of M≡M···M' compounds. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:7650-61. [PMID: 21755922 DOI: 10.1021/ic2011315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Binuclear quadruply bonded complexes Cr(2)(dpa)(4) (1, dpa = 2,2'-dipyridylamide), Mo(2)(dpa)(4) (2), and W(2)(dpa)(4) (3) react with anhydrous FeCl(2), yielding heterometallic compounds CrCrFe(dpa)(4)Cl(2) (4), MoMoFe(dpa)(4)Cl(2) (5), and WWFe(dpa)(4)Cl(2) (6). These molecules are structurally similar, having a linear M≡M···Fe chain that is axially capped by chloride ions and is equatorially supported by the helically twisted dpa ligands. A structurally related zinc analog, CrCrZn(dpa)(4)Cl(2) (7), can be prepared upon metalation of 1 with ZnCl(2). This reaction also persistently produces a 2:1 adduct of ZnCl(2) with 1, [Cr(2)(dpa)(4)](ZnCl(2))(2) (8), which is in equilibrium with 7 and has the two zinc ions bound externally to the Cr(2) core and axial bridging chloro ligands attached to each Cr ion. The sole isolable product of the addition of ZnCl(2) to 3 is a 1:1 adduct, [W(2)(dpa)(4)]ZnCl(2) (9). The structurally related chain complexes 4, 5, 6, and 7 are characterized by X-ray crystallography, UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and (57)Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy for the iron complexes in order to gain insights into the nature of heterometallic interactions, electronic excited states, and redox properties of these compounds, which have implications for all other M≡M···M' molecules. Additionally, NMR spectroscopy has been used to gain insight into the mechanism of the metalation of 1 by Zn(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nippe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Tabookht Z, López X, de Graaf C. Analysis of the Magnetic Coupling in M3(dpa)4Cl2 Systems (M = Ni, Pd, Cu, Ag) by Ab Initio Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2028-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jp910763d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tabookht
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudi Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier López
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudi Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 barcelona, Spain
| | - Coen de Graaf
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudi Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 barcelona, Spain
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Metal–Metal Bonds in Chains of Three or More Metal Atoms: From Homometallic to Heterometallic Chains. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-05243-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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López X, Rohmer MM, Bénard M. DFT modelling of the [M–Pd–M]6+ metal atom chains (M=Ni, Pd): Structural, electronic and magnetic issues. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Huang GC, Bénard M, Rohmer MM, Li LA, Chiu MJ, Yeh CY, Lee GH, Peng SM. Ru2M(dpa)4Cl2 (M = Cu, Ni): Synthesis, Characterization, and Theoretical Analysis of Asymmetric Heterometal String Complexes of the Dipyridylamide Family. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200701159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Liu IPC, Bénard M, Hasanov H, Chen IWP, Tseng WH, Fu MD, Rohmer MM, Chen CH, Lee GH, Peng SM. A New Generation of Metal String Complexes: Structure, Magnetism, Spectroscopy, Theoretical Analysis, and Single Molecular Conductance of an Unusual Mixed-Valence Linear [Ni5]8+ Complex. Chemistry 2007; 13:8667-77. [PMID: 17847146 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two new linear pentanickel complexes [Ni5(bna)4(Cl)2][PF6]2 (1) and [Ni5(bna)4(Cl)2][PF6]4 (2; bna=binaphthyridylamide), were synthesized and structurally characterized. A derivative of 1, [Ni5(bna)4(NCS)2][NCS]2 (3), was also isolated for the purpose of the conductance experiments carried out in comparison with [Ni5(tpda)4(NCS)2] (4; tpda=tripyridyldiamide). The metal framework of complex 2 is a standard [Ni5]10+ core, isoelectronic with that of [Ni5(tpda)4Cl2] (5). Also as in 5, complex 2 has an antiferromagnetic ground state (J=-15.86 cm(-1)) resulting from a coupling between the terminal nickel atoms, both in high-spin sate (S=1). Complex 1 displays the first characterized linear nickel framework in which the usual sequence of NiII atoms has been reduced by two electrons. Each dinickel unit attached to the naphthyridyl moieties is assumed to undergo a one-electron reduction, whereas the central nickel formally remains NiII. DFT calculations suggest that the metal framework of the mixed-valence complex 1 should be described as intermediate between a localized picture corresponding to NiII-NiI-NiII-NiI-NiII and a fully delocalized model represented as (Ni2)3+-NiII-(Ni2)3+. Assuming the latter model, the ground state of 1 results from an antiferromagnetic coupling (J=-34.03 cm(-1)) between the two (Ni2)3+ fragments, considered each as a single magnetic centre (S=3/2). An intervalence charge-transfer band is observed in the NIR spectrum of 1 at 1186 nm, suggesting, in accordance with DFT calculations, that 1 should be assigned to Robin-Day class II of mixed-valent complexes. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) methodology was used to assess the conductance of single molecules of 3 and 4. Compound 3 was found approximately 40% more conductive than 4, a result that could be assigned to the electron mobility induced by mixed-valency in the naphthyridyl fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isiah Po-Chun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Roosevelt Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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