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Veraguas-Dávila D, Zapata-Rojas C, Aguilera C, Saéz-Ruiz D, Saravia F, Castro FO, Rodriguez-Alvarez L. Proteomic Analysis of Domestic Cat Blastocysts and Their Secretome Produced in an In Vitro Culture System without the Presence of the Zona Pellucida. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4343. [PMID: 38673927 PMCID: PMC11050229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic cat blastocysts cultured without the zona pellucida exhibit reduced implantation capacity. However, the protein expression profile has not been evaluated in these embryos. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein expression profile of domestic cat blastocysts cultured without the zona pellucida. Two experimental groups were generated: (1) domestic cat embryos generated by IVF and cultured in vitro (zona intact, (ZI)) and (2) domestic cat embryos cultured in vitro without the zona pellucida (zona-free (ZF group)). The cleavage, morula, and blastocyst rates were estimated at days 2, 5 and 7, respectively. Day 7 blastocysts and their culture media were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The UniProt Felis catus database was used to identify the standard proteome. No significant differences were found in the cleavage, morula, or blastocyst rates between the ZI and ZF groups (p > 0.05). Proteomic analysis revealed 22 upregulated and 20 downregulated proteins in the ZF blastocysts. Furthermore, 14 proteins involved in embryo development and implantation were present exclusively in the culture medium of the ZI blastocysts. In conclusion, embryo culture without the zona pellucida did not affect in vitro development, but altered the protein expression profile and release of domestic cat blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Veraguas-Dávila
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Km 6 Los Niches, Curicó 3340000, Chile
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Camila Zapata-Rojas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Constanza Aguilera
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Natural Sciences, San Sebastián University, Concepción 4081339, Chile;
| | - Darling Saéz-Ruiz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Fernando Saravia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Fidel Ovidio Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Lleretny Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan 3780000, Chile; (C.Z.-R.); (D.S.-R.); (F.S.); (F.O.C.); (L.R.-A.)
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Hajian M, Jafarpour F, Aghamiri SM, Rouhollahi Varnosfaderani S, Nasr Esfahani MH. Effects of ovary storage temperature and embryo vitrification on somatic cell nuclear transfer outcomes in goats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:419-424. [PMID: 31816272 DOI: 10.1071/rd18529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the genetic potential of farm animals is one of the primary aims in the field of assisted reproduction. In this regard, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) can be used to produce a large number of embryos from genetically elite animals. The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of: (1) ovary storage conditions on preimplantation development of recovered oocytes and the freezability of the derived blastocysts; and (2) vitrification of goat SCNT-derived blastocysts on postimplantation development. Goat oocytes were recovered from ovaries and stored under warm (25°C-27°C) or cold (11°C-12°C) conditions before being used to produce SCNT embryos. There were no differences in oocytes recovered from ovaries kept under cold versus warm storage conditions in terms of cleavage (mean (±s.d.) 95.68±1.67% vs 95.91±2.93% respectively) and blastocyst formation (10.69±1.17% vs 10.94±0.9% respectively) rates. The re-expansion rate of vitrified blastocysts was significantly lower for cold- than warm-stored ovaries (66.3±8.7% vs 90±11% respectively). To assess the effects of vitrification on postimplantation development, blastocysts from cold-stored ovaries only were transferred from fresh and vitrified-warmed groups. The pregnancy rate was comparable between the fresh and vitrified-warmed groups (41.65% and 45.45% respectively). In addition, established pregnancy in Day 28-38 and full-term pregnancy rates were similar between the two groups. In conclusion, this study shows similar invitro preimplantation developmental potential of warm- and cold-stored ovaries. This study introduces the vitrification technique as an appropriate approach to preserve embryos produced by SCNT for transfer to recipient goats at a suitable time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hajian
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Salman Street, Royan Street, 81593-58686, Isfahan, Iran; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Farnoosh Jafarpour
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Salman Street, Royan Street, 81593-58686, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Morteza Aghamiri
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, 22th Bahman Street, 76169-14111, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shiva Rouhollahi Varnosfaderani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Salman Street, Royan Street, 81593-58686, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Salman Street, Royan Street, 81593-58686, Isfahan, Iran; and Corresponding authors. ;
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Song SH, Oh SH, Xu L, Lee KL, Hwang JY, Joo MD, Kong IK. Effect of Additional Cytoplasm of Cloned Embryo on In Vitro Developmental Competence and Reprogramming Efficiency in Mice. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:236-243. [PMID: 32833512 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an important technique for biological science research. Cytoplasm injection cloning technology (CICT) was developed to improve the reprogramming efficiency as well as to overcome the limitations of SCNT. CICT uses an additional cytoplasm fused with an enucleated oocyte to restore the cytoplasmic volume of the cloned embryo, and this method could improve the reprogramming efficiency of the cloned embryo. In this study, we show that CICT can be adapted to mouse species to overcome the inefficiency of the SCNT method. In this study, results indicate that the two-cell embryo and blastocyst rates of cloned embryos with the use of the CICT method were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the SCNT method (96.6% ± 1.1% vs. 86.7% ± 6.0%, 29.5% ± 2.6% vs. 22.1% ± 3.0%, respectively). Furthermore, the apoptotic cell number per blastocyst was significantly lower in the CICT group than that in the SCNT group (1.7 ± 0.2 vs. 2.9 ± 0.3, p < 0.05). Moreover, the acH3K9/K14 expression level in the CICT group was greater than that of the SCNT group (p < 0.05), and the relative acH3K56 level in the CICT group was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in the SCNT group. These results indicate that CICT helps improve the in vitro developmental competence and quality of cloned embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Hwan Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,The King Kong Corp., Ltd., Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hwa Oh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lianguang Xu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ji-Yoon Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,The King Kong Corp., Ltd., Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Kumbha R, Hosny N, Matson A, Steinhoff M, Hering BJ, Burlak C. Efficient production of GGTA1 knockout porcine embryos using a modified handmade cloning (HMC) method. Res Vet Sci 2019; 128:59-68. [PMID: 31722267 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Handmade cloning is a zona-free nuclear transfer approach and an economical, efficient, and simple micromanipulation-free alternative to dolly based traditional cloning (TC). In this study, based on handmade cloning with minor modifications, an optimized bi-oocyte fusion (BOF) cloning method was established to produce GGTA1 KO porcine embryos using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. The GGTA1 gene is responsible for the generation of Gal epitopes on the surface of porcine cells, triggering hyperacute immune rejection in preclinical porcine-to-human xenotransplantation. The purpose of the present study is to establish an efficient protocol for activation of porcine oocyte cytoplast-fibroblast fused constructs developed to GGTA1 KO blastocysts by the zona-free bi-oocyte fusion cloning method. High percentages of cleavage (90 ± 2.6%) and blastocyst rates (39 ± 4.0%) were achieved upon treatment with demecolcine-assisted oocyte enucleation followed by 6 V alternating current for proper alignment and single-step fusion technique using a single direct current pulse of 1.0 kV/cm for 9 μs duration, compared to the double-step fusion method with combined chemical activation using thimerosal and dithiothreitol. Overall blastocyst rate was higher for oocyte enucleation by demecolcine (0.4 μg/ml) and 45 min incubation (42 ± 1.5%) compared to without demecolcine incubation followed by complete chemical thimerosal/dithiothreitol activation (33 ± 1.1%). The blastocyst rate (39 ± 1.0%) was found to be significantly higher 1 h post-electrofusion, compared to at 0 and 4 h (28 ± 1.5 and 6 ± 1.5%, respectively). Blastocyst development rates for GGTA1 knockout embryos (38 ± 1.76%) were comparable to those obtained with wild-type embryos (41.1 ± 0.67%). In conclusion, we achieved high overall efficiency in production of GGTA1 KO blastocysts by modified HMC protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumbha
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nora Hosny
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suez Canal University Faculty of Medicine, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Anders Matson
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Magie Steinhoff
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bernhard J Hering
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Christopher Burlak
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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Song SH, Lee KL, Xu L, Joo MD, Hwang JY, Oh SH, Kong IK. Production of cloned cats using additional complimentary cytoplasm. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 208:106125. [PMID: 31405460 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an important technique for producing cloned animals. It, however, is inefficient when there is use of SCNT for cloned animal production. Cytoplasm injection cloning technology (CICT) was developed to overcome the inefficiencies of SCNT use of this purpose. The use of CICT involves additional cytoplasm fusing with enucleated oocytes to restore the cytoplasmic volume, thus improving the in vitro developmental competence and quality of cloned embryos. In this study, there was application of CICT in cats to improve the in vitro developmental competence of cloned embryos, as well as the production of the offspring. The results of this study were that fusion rate of the cloned embryos with use of the CICT method was greater than that with SCNT (80.0 ± 4.8% compared with 67.8 ± 11.3%, respectively), and more blastocysts developed with use of CICT than SCNT (20.0 ± 2.0% compared with 13.5 ± 5.0%, respectively). The 62 cloned embryos that were produced with use of CICT were transferred into five estrous synchronized recipients, and 151 cloned embryos produced using SCNT were transferred to 13 estrous-synchronized recipients. After the embryo transfer, there was birth from surrogate mothers of one live-born kitten that resulted using SCNT compared with three live-born kittens using CICT. The number of CICT-cloned embryos born was greater than that of SCNT-cloned embryos (4.8 ± 2.3% compared with 0.7 ± 1.3%, P < 0.05). These results indicate that the CICT technique can be used to produce cloned kittens, including endangered feline species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Hwan Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea; The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Lianguang Xu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hwa Oh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea; The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Abstract
The first 20 years of somatic cell nuclear transfer can hardly be described as a success story. Controversially, many factors leading to the fiasco are not intrinsic features of the technique itself. Misunderstandings and baseless accusations alongside with unsupported fears and administrative barriers hampered cloners to overcome the initial challenging period with obvious difficulties that are common features of a radically new approach. In spite of some promising results of mostly sporadic and small-scale experiments, the future of cloning is still uncertain. On the other hand, a reincarnation, just like the idea of electric cars, may result in many benefits in various areas of science and economy. One can only hope that-in contrast to electric cars-the ongoing paralyzed phase will not last for 100 years, and breakthroughs achieved in some promising areas will provide enough evidence to intensify research and large-scale application of cloning in the next decade.
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Abstract
Genetic engineering is essential to realize the full potentials of pigs both as livestock and as animal models of human disease. With the development of new genetic engineering technologies, such as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated endonuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, the porcine genome can be engineered with high efficiency. In this chapter, we describe a protocol in employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system to genetically engineer the porcine genome in fibroblast cells, the procedures to establish single-cell-derived porcine fibroblast cell colonies carrying the desired genetic modifications, and the handmade cloning (HMC) technique to generate cloned embryos ready for embryo transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Jinxin Miao
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
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Liu X, Luo C, Deng K, Wu Z, Wei Y, Jiang J, Lu F, Shi D. Cytoplasmic volume of recipient oocytes affects the nucleus reprogramming and the developmental competence of HMC buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryos. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1291-1300. [PMID: 29925699 PMCID: PMC6115262 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of cytoplasmic volume on nucleus
reprogramming and developmental competence of buffalo handmade cloning (HMC) embryos. We
found that both HMC embryos derived from ~150% cytoplasm or ~225% cytoplasm resulted in a
higher blastocyst rate and total cell number of blastocyst in comparison with those from
~75% cytoplasm (25.4 ± 2.0, 27.9 ± 1.6% vs. 17.9 ± 3.1%; 150 ± 10, 169 ± 12 vs. 85 ± 6,
P<0.05). Meanwhile, the proportions of nuclear envelope breakdown
(NEBD) and premature chromosome condensation (PCC) were also increased in the embryos
derived from ~150 or ~225% enucleated cytoplasm compared to those from ~75% cytoplasm.
Moreover, HMC embryos derived from ~225% cytoplasm showed a decrease of global DNA
methylation from the 2-cell to the 4-cell stage in comparison with those of ~75% cytoplasm
(P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of embryonic genome activation
(EGA) relative genes (eIF1A and U2AF) in HMC embryos
derived from ~225% cytoplasm at the 8-cell stages was also found to be enhanced compared
with that of the ~75% cytoplasm. Two of seven recipients were confirmed to be pregnant
following transfer of blastocysts derived from ~225% cytoplasm, and one healthy cloned
calf was delivered at the end of the gestation period, whereas no recipients were pregnant
after the transfer of blastocysts derived from ~75% cytoplasm. These results indicate that
the cytoplasmic volume of recipient oocytes affects donor nucleus reprogramming, and then
further accounted for the developmental ability of the reconstructed embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Chan Luo
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zhulian Wu
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yingming Wei
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Jianrong Jiang
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
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Liu Y, Lucas-Hahn A, Petersen B, Li R, Hermann D, Hassel P, Ziegler M, Larsen K, Niemann H, Callesen H. Developmental Competence and Epigenetic Profile of Porcine Embryos Produced by Two Different Cloning Methods. Cell Reprogram 2018; 19:171-179. [PMID: 28557623 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The "Dolly" based cloning (classical nuclear transfer, [CNT]) and the handmade cloning (HMC) are methods that are nowadays routinely used for somatic cloning of large domestic species. Both cloning protocols share several similarities, but differ with regard to the required in vitro culture, which in turn results in different time intervals until embryo transfer. It is not yet known whether the differences between cloned embryos from the two protocols are due to the cloning methods themselves or the in vitro culture, as some studies have shown detrimental effects of in vitro culture on conventionally produced embryos. The goal of this study was to unravel putative differences between two cloning methods, with regard to developmental competence, expression profile of a panel of developmentally important genes and epigenetic profile of porcine cloned embryos produced by either CNT or HMC, either with (D5 or D6) or without (D0) in vitro culture. Embryos cloned by these two methods had a similar morphological appearance on D0, but displayed different cleavage rates and different quality of blastocysts, with HMC embryos showing higher blastocyst rates (HMC vs. CNT: 35% vs. 10%, p < 0.05) and cell numbers per blastocyst (HMC vs. CNT: 31 vs. 23 on D5 and 42 vs. 18 on D6, p < 0.05) compared to CNT embryos. With regard to histone acetylation and gene expression, CNT and HMC derived cloned embryos were similar on D0, but differed on D6. In conclusion, both cloning methods and the in vitro culture may affect porcine embryo development and epigenetic profile. The two cloning methods essentially produce embryos of similar quality on D0 and after 5 days in vitro culture, but thereafter both histone acetylation and gene expression differ between the two types of cloned embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- 1 Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University (Foulum) , Tjele, Denmark
| | - Andrea Lucas-Hahn
- 2 Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Neustadt, Germany
| | - Bjoern Petersen
- 2 Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Neustadt, Germany
| | - Rong Li
- 1 Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University (Foulum) , Tjele, Denmark
| | - Doris Hermann
- 2 Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Neustadt, Germany
| | - Petra Hassel
- 2 Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Neustadt, Germany
| | - Maren Ziegler
- 2 Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Neustadt, Germany
| | - Knud Larsen
- 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University (Foulum) , Tjele, Denmark
| | - Heiner Niemann
- 2 Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health , Neustadt, Germany
| | - Henrik Callesen
- 1 Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University (Foulum) , Tjele, Denmark
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10
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Sun JM, Cui KQ, Li ZP, Lu XR, Xu ZF, Liu QY, Huang B, Shi DS. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, improves the development and acetylation level of miniature porcine handmade cloning embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:763-774. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- JM Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - KQ Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - ZP Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - XR Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - ZF Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - QY Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - B Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
| | - DS Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi China
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11
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Liu T, Dou H, Xiang X, Li L, Li Y, Lin L, Pang X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Luan J, Xu Y, Yang Z, Yang W, Liu H, Li F, Wang H, Yang H, Bolund L, Vajta G, Du Y. Factors Determining the Efficiency of Porcine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer: Data Analysis with Over 200,000 Reconstructed Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2015; 17:463-71. [PMID: 26655078 PMCID: PMC4677548 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2015.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Data analysis in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) research is usually limited to several hundreds or thousands of reconstructed embryos. Here, we report mass results obtained with an established and consistent porcine SCNT system (handmade cloning [HMC]). During the experimental period, 228,230 reconstructed embryos and 82,969 blastocysts were produced. After being transferred into 656 recipients, 1070 piglets were obtained. First, the effects of different types of donor cells, including fetal fibroblasts (FFs), adult fibroblasts (AFs), adult preadipocytes (APs), and adult blood mesenchymal (BM) cells, were investigated on the further in vitro and in vivo development. Compared to adult donor cells (AFs, APs, BM cells, respectively), FF cells resulted in a lower blastocyst/reconstructed embryo rate (30.38% vs. 37.94%, 34.65%, and 34.87%, respectively), but a higher overall efficiency on the number of piglets born alive per total blastocysts transferred (1.50% vs. 0.86%, 1.03%, and 0.91%, respectively) and a lower rate of developmental abnormalities (10.87% vs. 56.57%, 24.39%, and 51.85%, respectively). Second, recloning was performed with cloned adult fibroblasts (CAFs) and cloned fetal fibroblasts (CFFs). When CAFs were used as the nuclear donor, fewer developmental abnormalities and higher overall efficiency were observed compared to AFs (56.57% vs. 28.13% and 0.86% vs. 1.59%, respectively). However, CFFs had an opposite effect on these parameters when compared with CAFs (94.12% vs. 10.87% and 0.31% vs. 1.50%, respectively). Third, effects of genetic modification on the efficiency of SCNT were investigated with transgenic fetal fibroblasts (TFFs) and gene knockout fetal fibroblasts (KOFFs). Genetic modification of FFs increased developmental abnormalities (38.96% and 25.24% vs. 10.87% for KOFFs, TFFs, and FFs, respectively). KOFFs resulted in lower overall efficiency compared to TFFs and FFs (0.68% vs. 1.62% and 1.50%, respectively). In conclusion, this is the first report of large-scale analysis of porcine cell nuclear transfer that provides important data for potential industrialization of HMC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbin Liu
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hongwei Dou
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xi Xiang
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lin Li
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Lin
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Yijie Zhang
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Luan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | - Huan Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feida Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Lars Bolund
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gabor Vajta
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yutao Du
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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12
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Zhao X, Yang Q, Zhao K, Jiang C, Ren D, Xu P, He X, Liao R, Jiang K, Ma J, Xiao S, Ren J, Xing Y. Production of Transgenic Pigs with an Introduced Missense Mutation of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type IB Gene Related to Prolificacy. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 29:925-37. [PMID: 26954151 PMCID: PMC4932586 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, transgenic animal technology has witnessed an increasingly wide application in animal breeding. Reproductive traits are economically important to the pig industry. It has been shown that the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB (BMPR1B) A746G polymorphism is responsible for the fertility in sheep. However, this causal mutation exits exclusively in sheep and goat. In this study, we attempted to create transgenic pigs by introducing this mutation with the aim to improve reproductive traits in pigs. We successfully constructed a vector containing porcine BMPR1B coding sequence (CDS) with the mutant G allele of A746G mutation. In total, we obtained 24 cloned male piglets using handmade cloning (HMC) technique, and 12 individuals survived till maturation. A set of polymerase chain reactions indicated that 11 of 12 matured boars were transgene-positive individuals, and that the transgenic vector was most likely disrupted during cloning. Of 11 positive pigs, one (No. 11) lost a part of the terminator region but had the intact promoter and the CDS regions. cDNA sequencing showed that the introduced allele (746G) was expressed in multiple tissues of transgene-positive offspring of No.11. Western blot analysis revealed that BMPR1B protein expression in multiple tissues of transgene-positive F1 piglets was 0.5 to 2-fold higher than that in the transgene-negative siblings. The No. 11 boar showed normal litter size performance as normal pigs from the same breed. Transgene-positive F1 boars produced by No. 11 had higher semen volume, sperm concentration and total sperm per ejaculate than the negative siblings, although the differences did not reached statistical significance. Transgene-positive F1 sows had similar litter size performance to the negative siblings, and more data are needed to adequately assess the litter size performance. In conclusion, we obtained 24 cloned transgenic pigs with the modified porcine BMPR1B CDS using HMC. cDNA sequencing and western blot indicated that the exogenous BMPR1B CDS was successfully expressed in host pigs. The transgenic pigs showed normal litter size performance. However, no significant differences in litter size were found between transgene-positive and negative sows. Our study provides new insight into producing cloned transgenic livestock related to reproductive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Kewei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Dongren Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Rongrong Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Junwu Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shijun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jun Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yuyun Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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13
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Handmade cloning: recent advances, potential and pitfalls. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2015; 6:43. [PMID: 26473031 PMCID: PMC4606838 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-015-0043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Handmade cloning (HMC) is the most awaited, simple and micromanipulator-free version of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The requirement of expensive micromanipulators and skilled expertise is eliminated in this technique, proving it as a major revolution in the field of embryology. During the past years, many modifications have been incorporated in this technique to boost its efficiency. This alternative approach to micromanipulator based traditional cloning (TC) works wonder in generating comparable or even higher birth rates in addition to declining costs drastically and enabling cryopreservation. This technique is not only applicable to intraspecies nuclear transfer but also to interspecies nuclear transfer (iSCNT) thus permitting conservation of endangered species. It also offers unique possibilities for automation of SCNT which aims at production of transgenic animals that can cure certain human diseases by producing therapeutics hence, providing a healthier future for the wellbeing of humans. The present review aims at highlighting certain aspects of HMC including recent advancements in procedure and factors involved in elevating its efficiency besides covering the potentials and pitfalls of this technique.
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Moro LN, Jarazo J, Buemo C, Hiriart MI, Sestelo A, Salamone DF. Tiger, Bengal and Domestic Cat Embryos Produced by Homospecific and Interspecific Zona-Free Nuclear Transfer. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:849-57. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LN Moro
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology; Agriculture Faculty; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - J Jarazo
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology; Agriculture Faculty; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - C Buemo
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology; Agriculture Faculty; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - MI Hiriart
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology; Agriculture Faculty; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - A Sestelo
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechnology; Zoological Garden of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - DF Salamone
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology; Agriculture Faculty; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
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15
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Ju H, Zhang J, Bai L, Mu Y, Du Y, Yang W, Li Y, Sheng A, Li K. The transgenic cloned pig population with integrated and controllable GH expression that has higher feed efficiency and meat production. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10152. [PMID: 25959098 PMCID: PMC5386205 DOI: 10.1038/srep10152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained expression of the GH gene has been shown to have detrimental effects on the health of animals. In the current study, transgenic founder pigs, with controllable pig growth hormone (pGH) expression, were cloned via the handmade cloning method (HMC), and pGH expression levels were examined at the cellular and organismal levels. The serum pGH levels in 3 founder male pigs were found to be significantly higher after induction with intramuscular injection of doxycycline (DOX) compared to baseline. A daily dose of DOX was administered via feed to these animals for a period of 65 to 155 days. The growth rate, feed efficiency and pGH serum concentration increased in the DOX-induced transgenic group compared with the other groups. 8 numbers of animals were euthanized and the dressing percentage, loin muscle and lean meat percentage were significantly higher in the DOX-induced F1 transgenic group compared with the other groups. In this study a large population of transgenic pigs, with integrated controllable expression of a transgene, was obtained. The transgenic pigs were healthy and normal in terms of reproductive capability. At the same time, feed efficiency was improved, production processes were accelerated and meat yield was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Ju
- 1] Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China [2] College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 25009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqing Zhang
- 1] Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China [2] Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Lijing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yulian Mu
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yutao Du
- BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Road, Yantian, Shenzhen, 518083, P. R. China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Road, Yantian, Shenzhen, 518083, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Road, Yantian, Shenzhen, 518083, P. R. China
| | - Anzhi Sheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 25009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Kui Li
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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16
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Hosseini SM, Hajian M, Forouzanfar M, Ostadhosseini S, Moulavi F, Ghanaei HR, Gourbai H, Shahverdi AH, Vosough AD, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Chemically assisted somatic cell nuclear transfer without micromanipulator in the goat: effects of demecolcine, cytochalasin-B, and MG-132 on the efficiency of a manual method of oocyte enucleation using a pulled Pasteur pipette. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 158:11-8. [PMID: 25956201 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to facilitate widespread application of a previously described manual method of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) by investigating the effects of demecolcine (a microtubule-depolymerizing chemical), cytochalasin-B (a microfilament-depolymerizing chemical: 2.5μg/ml for 15min) and MG-132 (a proteasome inhibitor chemical) on the (i) incidence of cytoplasmic protrusion of MII chromosomes, (ii) improvement of manual oocyte enucleation, and (iii) in vitro and in vivo developmental competence of SCNT embryos in the goat. Following in vitro maturation, around 65% of goat oocytes contained a characteristic cytoplasmic protrusion of MII-chromosomes. Treatment with demecolcine (0.4μg/ml for 30min) significantly increased this rate to 92.2±4.5%. Treatment with MG-132 (2μM for 30min) could not improve this rate when used alone (61.4±11.5%), but when combined with demecolcine (86.4±8.1%). Treatment with cytochalasin-B completely suppressed this rate whenever used, either alone (7.7±5.1%) or in combination with demecolcine (3.9±1.3%). In a direct comparison, there was no significant difference in quantity and quality of embryos propagated by the manual vs. micromanipulation-based methods of SCNT (cleavage: 85.3±4.5 vs. 89.5±8.9%, blastocyst: 19.5±4.3 vs. 24.3±4.4%, grade 1 and 2 blastocyst: 33.8±7.1 vs. 29.5±6.3%, total cell count: 125±11.1 vs. 122±10.5, respectively). Furthermore, development to live kids at term was not significant between the two SCNT methods. From both technical and economical points of view, the overall in vitro and in vivo efficiency of this manual method of SCNT proved it a simple, fast and efficient alternative for large scale production of cloned goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hosseini
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - M Hajian
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Forouzanfar
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S Ostadhosseini
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - F Moulavi
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - H R Ghanaei
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - H Gourbai
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Medicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - A H Shahverdi
- Department of Genetics at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, PO Box 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
| | - A D Vosough
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Medicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, PO Box 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
| | - M H Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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17
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Lin L, Luo Y, Sørensen P, Prætorius H, Vajta G, Callesen H, Pribenszky C, Bolund L, Kristensen TN. Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on genomic expression profiling of porcine parthenogenetic activated and cloned embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 26:469-84. [PMID: 24618454 DOI: 10.1071/rd13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Handmade cloning (HMC) has been used to generate transgenic pigs for biomedical research. Recently, we found that parthenogenetic activation (PA) of porcine oocytes and improved HMC efficiency could be achieved by treatment with sublethal high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of HHP treatment on embryonic development is poorly understood and so was investigated in the present study. Thus, in the present study, we undertook genome-wide gene expression analysis in HHP-treated and untreated oocytes, as well as in 4-cell and blastocyst stage embryos derived by PA or HMC. Hierarchical clustering depicted stage-specific genomic expression profiling. At the 4-cell and blastocyst stages, 103 and 163 transcripts were differentially expressed between the HMC and PA embryos, respectively (P<0.05). These transcripts are predominantly involved in regulating cellular differentiation, gene expression and cell-to-cell signalling. We found that 44 transcripts were altered by HHP treatment, with most exhibiting lower expression in HHP-treated oocytes. Genes involved in embryonic development were prominent among the transcripts affected by HHP. Two of these genes (INHBB and ME3) were further validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We also observed that HHP treatment activated expression of the imprinting gene DLX5 in 4-cell PA embryos. In conclusion, our genomic expression profiling data suggest that HHP alters the RNA constitution in porcine oocytes and affects the expression of imprinting genes during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyer Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyer Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Sørensen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Helle Prætorius
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyer Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gabor Vajta
- BGI/HuaDa, Beishan Road 10, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Csaba Pribenszky
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Szent István University, István u. 2, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyer Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Torsten Nygård Kristensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
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18
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Swain JE. Decisions for the IVF laboratory: comparative analysis of embryo culture incubators. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 28:535-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Khan FA, Bhat MH, Yaqoob SH, Waheed SM, Naykoo NA, Athar H, Khan HM, Fazili MR, Ganai NA, Singla SK, Shah RA. In vitro development of goat-sheep and goat-goat zona-free cloned embryos in different culture media. Theriogenology 2013; 81:419-23. [PMID: 24210966 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The gradual decline in the genetic diversity of farm animals has threatened their survival and risk of their extinction has increased many fold in the recent past. Endangered species could be rescued using interspecies embryo production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of three different culture media on the development of Handmade cloned intraspecies (goat-goat) and interspecies (goat-sheep) embryo reconstructs. Research vitro cleave media (RVCL) yielded higher cleavage and morula-blastocyst development in intraspecies and interspecies nuclear transfer groups compared with G1.G2 and modified synthetic oviductal fluid (mSOFaaci). Cleavage frequency of intraspecies cloned embryos in RVCL, mSOFaaci, and G1.G2 did not differ significantly (87.12%, 82.45%, and 92.52%, respectively). However, the morula/blastocyst frequency in RVCL was greater in mSOFaaci and G1.G2 (51.18% vs. 38.28% vs. 36.50%, respectively). Cleavage and morula/blastocyst frequency in interspecies cloned embryos was greater in RVCL than in mSOFaaci and G1.G2 (76.14% and 42.3% vs. 65.9% and 38.3% vs. 58.56% and 33.1%, respectively). Goat oocytes were parthenogenetically activated and cultured in RVCL, mSOFaaci, and G1.G2 and kept as control. Cleavage and morula/blastocyst frequency in this group was greater in RVCL than in mSOFaaci and G1.G2 (89.66% and 65.26% vs. 85.44% and 48.05% vs. 86.58% and 42.06%, respectively). Conclusively, the results suggest that not only can the interspecies embryos of goat be produced using sheep oocytes as donor cytoplast but also the percentages can be improved by using RVCL media for culturing of the embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Khan
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - M H Bhat
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - S H Yaqoob
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - S M Waheed
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - N A Naykoo
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - H Athar
- Division of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - H M Khan
- Mountain Research Centre for Sheep and Goat, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - M R Fazili
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Services Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - N A Ganai
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - S K Singla
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - R A Shah
- Centre of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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20
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Zhang P, Liu P, Dou H, Chen L, Chen L, Lin L, Tan P, Vajta G, Gao J, Du Y, Ma RZ. Handmade cloned transgenic sheep rich in omega-3 Fatty acids. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55941. [PMID: 23437077 PMCID: PMC3577796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Technology of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been adapted worldwide to generate transgenic animals, although the traditional procedure relies largely on instrumental micromanipulation. In this study, we used the modified handmade cloning (HMC) established in cattle and pig to produce transgenic sheep with elevated levels of omega-3 (n−3) fatty acids. Codon-optimized nematode mfat-1 was inserted into a eukaryotic expression vector and was transferred into the genome of primary ovine fibroblast cells from a male Chinese merino sheep. Reverse transcriptase PCR, gas chromatography, and chromosome analyses were performed to select nuclear donor cells capable of converting omega-6 (n−6) into n−3 fatty acids. Blastocysts developed after 7 days of in vitro culture were surgically transplanted into the uterus of female ovine recipients of a local sheep breed in Xinjiang. For the HMC, approximately 8.9% (n = 925) of reconstructed embryos developed to the blastocyst stage. Four recipients became pregnant after 53 blastocysts were transplanted into 29 naturally cycling females, and a total of 3 live transgenic lambs were produced. Detailed analyses on one of the transgenic lambs revealed a single integration of the modified nematode mfat-1 gene at sheep chromosome 5. The transgenic sheep expressed functional n−3 fatty acid desaturase, accompanied by more than 2-folds reduction of n−6/n−3 ratio in the muscle (p<0.01) and other major organs/tissues (p<0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first report of transgenic sheep produced by the HMC. Compared to the traditional SCNT method, HMC showed an equivalent efficiency but proved cheaper and easier in operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- BGI ARK Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwei Dou
- BGI ARK Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- BGI ARK Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pingping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gabor Vajta
- BGI ARK Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- IRIS, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Jianfeng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yutao Du
- BGI ARK Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (RZM); (YD)
| | - Runlin Z. Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (RZM); (YD)
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Pereira A, Feltrin C, Almeida K, Carneiro I, Avelar S, Neto AA, Sousa F, Melo C, Moura R, Teixeira D, Bertolini L, Freitas V, Bertolini M. Analysis of factors contributing to the efficiency of the in vitro production of transgenic goat embryos (Capra hircus) by handmade cloning (HMC). Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Zhang P, Zhang Y, Dou H, Yin J, Chen Y, Pang X, Vajta G, Bolund L, Du Y, Ma RZ. Handmade cloned transgenic piglets expressing the nematode fat-1 gene. Cell Reprogram 2012; 14:258-66. [PMID: 22686479 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2011.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of transgenic animals via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been adapted worldwide, but this application is somewhat limited by its relatively low efficiency. In this study, we used handmade cloning (HMC) established previously to produce transgenic pigs that express the functional nematode fat-1 gene. Codon-optimized mfat-1 was inserted into eukaryotic expression vectors, which were transferred into primary swine donor cells. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), gas chromatography, and chromosome analyses were performed to select donor clones capable of converting n-6 into n-3 fatty acids. Blastocysts derived from the clones that lowered the n-6/n-3 ratio to approximately 1:1 were transferred surgically into the uteri of recipients for transgenic piglets. By HMC, 37% (n=558) of reconstructed embryos developed to the blastocyst stage after 7 days of culture in vitro, with an average cell number of 81±36 (n=14). Three recipients became pregnant after 408 day-6 blastocysts were transferred into four naturally cycling females, and a total of 14 live offspring were produced. The nematode mfat-1 effectively lowered the n-6/n-3 ratio in muscle and major organs of the transgenic pig. Our results will help to establish a reliable procedure and an efficient option in the production of transgenic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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23
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Offspring from mouse embryos developed using a simple incubator-free culture system with a deoxidizing agent. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47512. [PMID: 23056643 PMCID: PMC3467247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To culture preimplantation embryos in vitro, water-jacketed CO2 incubators are used widely for maintaining an optimal culture environment in terms of gas phase, temperature and humidity. We investigated the possibility of mouse embryo culture in a plastic bag kept at 37°C. Zygotes derived from in vitro fertilization or collected from naturally mated B6D2F1 female mice were put in a drop of medium on a plastic culture dish and then placed in a commercially available plastic bag. When these were placed in an oven under air at 37°C for 96 h, the rate of blastocyst development and the cell numbers of embryos decreased. However, when the concentration of O2 was reduced to 5% using a deoxidizing agent and a small oxygen meter, most zygotes developed into blastocysts. These blastocysts were judged normal according to their cell number, Oct3/4 and Cdx2 gene expression levels, the apoptosis rate and the potential for full-term development after embryo transfer to pseudopregnant recipients. Furthermore, using this system, normal offspring were obtained simply by keeping the bag on a warming plate. This culture method was applied successfully to both hybrid and inbred strains. In addition, because the developing embryos could be observed through the transparent wall of the bag, it was possible to capture time-lapse images of live embryos until the blastocyst stage without needing an expensive microscope-based incubation chamber. These results suggest that mouse zygotes are more resilient to their environment than generally believed. This method might prove useful in economical culture systems or for the international shipment of embryos.
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24
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Luo Y, Lin L, Bolund L, Jensen TG, Sørensen CB. Genetically modified pigs for biomedical research. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:695-713. [PMID: 22453682 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, pigs have been used to develop some of the most important large animal models for biomedical research. Advances in pig genome research, genetic modification (GM) of primary pig cells and pig cloning by nuclear transfer, have facilitated the generation of GM pigs for xenotransplantation and various human diseases. This review summarizes the key technologies used for generating GM pigs, including pronuclear microinjection, sperm-mediated gene transfer, somatic cell nuclear transfer by traditional cloning, and somatic cell nuclear transfer by handmade cloning. Broadly used genetic engineering tools for porcine cells are also discussed. We also summarize the GM pig models that have been generated for xenotransplantation and human disease processes, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, eye diseases, bone diseases, cancers and epidermal skin diseases, diabetes mellitus, cystic fibrosis, and inherited metabolic diseases. Thus, this review provides an overview of the progress in GM pig research over the last two decades and perspectives for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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25
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Deshmukh RS, Østrup O, Strejcek F, Vejlsted M, Lucas-Hahn A, Petersen B, Li J, Callesen H, Niemann H, Hyttel P. Early aberrations in chromatin dynamics in embryos produced under in vitro conditions. Cell Reprogram 2012; 14:225-34. [PMID: 22468997 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2011.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro production of porcine embryos by means of in vitro fertilization (IVF) or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is limited by great inefficienciy. The present study investigated chromatin and nucleolar dynamics in porcine embryos developed in vivo (IV) and compared this physiological standard to that of embryos produced by IVF, parthenogenetic activation (PA), or SCNT. In contrast to IV embryos, chromatin spatial and temporal dynamics in PA, IVF, and SCNT embryos were altered; starting with aberrant chromatin-nuclear envelope interactions at the two-cell stage, delayed chromatin decondensation and nucleolar development at the four-cell stage, and ultimately culminating in failure of proper first lineage segregation at the blastocyst stage, demonstrated by poorly defined inner cell mass. Interestingly, in vitro produced (IVP) embryos also lacked a heterochromatin halo around nucleolar precursors, indicating imperfections in global chromatin remodeling after fertilization/activation. Porcine IV-produced zygotes and embryos display a well-synchronized pattern of chromatin dynamics compatible with genome activation and regular nucleolar formation at the four-cell stage. Production of porcine embryos under in vitro conditions by IVF, PA, or SCNT is associated with altered chromatin remodeling, delayed nucleolar formation, and poorly defined lineage segregation at the blastocyst stage, which in turn may impair their developmental capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Deshmukh
- Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Zhang P, Yang ZZ, Dou HW, Li WH, Lv B, Bolund L, DU YT, Tan PP, Ma RL. [Production of porcine blastocysts expressed EGFP by handmade cloning]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2011; 33:527-32. [PMID: 21586400 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2011.00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Production of transgenic animals via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been widely used worldwide. However, the application of SCNT is impeded by overall high costs and low efficiency. Here, we reported a modification of the existing technology in order to overcome some of the disadvantages associated with SCNT. Firstly, a marker gene, enhanced green fluorescent gene (EGFP), was transfected into pig fetal fibroblast cells, and was subsequently screened by fluorescent expression to ensure donor cells expressing EGFP. Porcine embryos expressing EGFP were then produced by a method called handmade cloning (HMC), a simplified method for micromanipulation. To demonstrate the concept, we collected a total of 378 fresh swine oocytes, from which 266 with the nucleus removed, obtained a total of 127 viable recombinant oocytes after fusion with EGFP-expressing cells. In vitro incubation of the 127 recombinant oocytes for approximately 144 hours resulted in successful generation of 65 viable embryos, with an average success rate of 52.1±8.3%. Compared with the traditional SCNT, the method of HMC is not only easy to operate, but also increases the rate of recombinant embryo significantly. Furthermore, the modified method no longer relies on expensive instrument like micromanipulator, facilitating the industrialization of transgenic animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Institute of genetics and developmental biology, Chinese Acdemy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
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27
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Swain JE. A self-contained culture platform using carbon dioxide produced from a chemical reaction supports mouse blastocyst development in vitro. J Reprod Dev 2011; 57:551-5. [PMID: 21532256 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.11-022m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated CO(2) is required for in vitro embryo culture to maintain proper media pH and to supply embryo metabolic pathways. As an alternative to current approaches using gas cylinders, we examined use of a chemical reaction to supply CO(2). A closed culture system was constructed and chemicals added to generate CO(2), which was then supplied to developing embryos. This system was shown to provide a stable pH (7.2-7.4) over 4 days of use. One-cell mouse embryos were cultured in the device and no difference in blastocyst formation or cell number was apparent between embryos grown in a closed system with CO(2) supplied by a chemical reaction or positive controls grown in a an open system in a CO(2) incubator. This approach provides a highly purified, inexpensive, and easily obtainable gas source and offers potential for development of new, self-contained culture platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Swain
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Michigan, MI 48108, USA.
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28
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Lee JH, Peters A, Fisher P, Bowles EJ, St John JC, Campbell KHS. Generation of mtDNA homoplasmic cloned lambs. Cell Reprogram 2010; 12:347-55. [PMID: 20698774 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2009.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally in mammals, individual animals contain only maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as paternal (sperm)-derived mitochondria are usually eliminated during early development. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) bypasses the normal routes of mtDNA inheritance and introduces not only a different nuclear genome into the recipient cytoplast (in general an enucleated oocyte) but also somatic mitochondria. Differences in mtDNA genotype between recipient oocytes and potential mtDNA heteroplasmy due to persistence and replication of somatic mtDNA means that offspring generated by SCNT are not true clones. However, more importantly, the consequences of the presence of somatic mtDNA, mtDNA heteroplasmy, or possible incompatibility between nuclear and mtDNA genotypes on subsequent development and function of the embryo, fetus and offspring are unknown. Following sexual reproduction, mitochondrial function requires the biparental control of maternally inherited mtDNA, whereas following SCNT incompatibility between the recipient cell mitochondrial and transplanted nuclear genomes, or mtDNA heteroplasmy, may result in energy imbalance and initiate the onset of mtDNA-type disease, or disruption of normal developmental events. To remove the potentially adverse effects of somatic mtDNA following SCNT we have previously produced embryos using donor cells depleted to residual levels of mtDNA (mtDNA). We now report that these cells support development to term and produced live lambs in which no donor somatic mtDNA was detected, the lambs being homoplasmic for recipient oocyte DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Hee Lee
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leics United Kingdom
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29
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Reproductive healthcare systems should include accessible infertility diagnosis and treatment: an important challenge for resource-poor countries. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009; 106:168-71. [PMID: 19535067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is a central issue in the lives of many couples who suffer from it. In resource-poor countries the problem of childlessness is even more pronounced compared with Western societies owing to different sociocultural circumstances. It often leads to severe psychological, social, and economic suffering, and access to infertility treatment is often limited to certain procedures and certain costumers. The issue of infertility in resource-poor countries is underestimated and neglected, not only by local governments but also by the international nonprofit organizations. Simplification of the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, minimizing the complication rate, and incorporating fertility centers into existing reproductive healthcare programs are essential measures to take in resource-poor countries if infertility treatment is to be accessible for a large part of the population. For reasons of social justice, a search for strategies to implement simplified methods of infertility diagnosis and treatment in resource-poor countries is urgently warranted.
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30
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Du Y, Lin L, Schmidt M, Bøgh IB, Kragh PM, Sørensen CB, Li J, Purup S, Pribenszky C, Molnár M, Kuwayama M, Zhang X, Yang H, Bolund L, Vajta G. High hydrostatic pressure treatment of porcine oocytes before handmade cloning improves developmental competence and cryosurvival. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2008; 10:325-30. [PMID: 18479211 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2007.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An innovative technique, called the high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment, has been recently reported to improve the cryosurvival of gametes or embryos in certain mammalian species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo developmental competence and cryotolerance of embryos produced by handmade cloning (HMC) after pressure treatment of recipient oocytes. In vitro-matured porcine oocytes were treated with a sublethal hydrostatic pressure of 20 MPa (200 times greater than atmospheric pressure) and recovered for either 1 or 2 h (HHP1 and HHP2 groups, respectively) before they were used for HMC. After 7 days of in vitro culture, blastocyst rates and mean cell numbers were determined. Randomly selected blastocysts were vitrified with the Cryotop method based on minimum volume cooling procedure. The blastocyst rate was higher in the HHP2 group than in the control group (68.2 +/- 4.1% vs. 46.4 +/- 4.2%; p < 0.01), while there was no difference between HHP1 and control group (52.1 +/- 1.2% vs. 49.0 +/- 2.7%; p > 0.05). Similar mean cell numbers of produced blastocysts were obtained in HHP2 and control groups (56 +/- 4 vs. 49 +/- 5; p > 0.05). Subsequent blastocyst vitrification with the Cryotop method resulted in significantly higher survival rate after thawing in the HHP2 group than in the control group (61.6 +/- 4.0% vs. 30.2 +/- 30.9%; p < 0.01). Fifty-six and 57 day 5 to day 7 fresh blastocysts in HHP1 group were transferred into two recipient sows on day 5 of the estrous cycle. One recipient was diagnosed pregnant and gave birth to two healthy piglets by naturally delivery on day 122 of gestation. This pilot study proved that the sublethal HHP treatment of porcine oocytes before HMC results in improved in vitro developmental competence and cryotolerance, and supports embryonic and fetal development as well as pregnancy establishment and maintenance up to the birth of healthy piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Du
- Population Genetics and Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Aarhus, Tjele, Denmark
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Ombelet W, Cooke I, Dyer S, Serour G, Devroey P. Infertility and the provision of infertility medical services in developing countries. Hum Reprod Update 2008; 14:605-21. [PMID: 18820005 PMCID: PMC2569858 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmn042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide more than 70 million couples suffer from infertility, the majority being residents of developing countries. Negative consequences of childlessness are experienced to a greater degree in developing countries when compared with Western societies. Bilateral tubal occlusion due to sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy-related infections is the most common cause of infertility in developing countries, a condition that is potentially treatable with assisted reproductive technologies (ART). New reproductive technologies are either unavailable or very costly in developing countries. This review provides a comprehensive survey of all important papers on the issue of infertility in developing countries. METHODS Medline, PubMed, Excerpta Medica and EMBASE searches identified relevant papers published between 1978 and 2007 and the keywords used were the combinations of 'affordable, assisted reproduction, ART, developing countries, health services, infertility, IVF, simplified methods, traditional health care'. RESULTS The exact prevalence of infertility in developing countries is unknown due to a lack of registration and well-performed studies. On the other hand, the implementation of appropriate infertility treatment is currently not a main goal for most international non-profit organizations. Keystones in the successful implementation of infertility care in low-resource settings include simplification of diagnostic and ART procedures, minimizing the complication rate of interventions, providing training-courses for health-care workers and incorporating infertility treatment into sexual and reproductive health-care programmes. CONCLUSIONS Although recognizing the importance of education and prevention, we believe that for the reasons of social justice, infertility treatment in developing countries requires greater attention at National and International levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Ombelet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Genk Institute for Fertility Technology, Schiepse Bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium.
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Zhang YL, Liu FJ, Sun DQ, Chen XQ, Zhang Y, Zheng YM, Zhao MT, Wang GH. Phytohemagglutinin improves efficiency of electrofusing mammary gland epithelial cells into oocytes in goats. Theriogenology 2008; 69:1165-71. [PMID: 18400286 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 10/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effect of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on the fusion of mammary gland epithelial (MGE) cells into enucleated oocytes in goats. The toxicity of PHA was evaluated by testing its effect on the development of parthenogenetic caprine oocytes. The effective dose and duration of PHA treatment (100 microg/mL, 20 min incubation) was selected and used to compare fusion efficiency and embryo development following nuclear transfer. Two electrofusion protocols, chamber fusion (CF) and pressurized microelectrode fusion (pMEF), were also compared, when couplets were treated with and without PHA (100 microg/mL, 20 min). Fusion rate of couplets increased from 52.8 to 74.0% for the CF protocol (P<0.05), but was not significantly different for the pMEF protocol (72.7% vs. 78.1%) after PHA treatment. There were no significant differences between treated group and control in rates of subsequent cleavage or blastocyst development. Following transfer of the cloned blastocysts derived from the PHA-treated group and the control group into synchronized recipients, pregnancy rates (Day 30) were not significantly different between treated group and control (28.6% vs. 25.0%). However, all recipients aborted within 120d, microsatellite DNA analyses confirmed that the aborted fetuses were genetically identical to the donor goat. In conclusion, the fusion rate of caprine MGE cell couplets was improved by pre-incubating couplets in medium containing 100 microg/mL PHA prior to electrical pulsing, and embryos derived from PHA treatment established early pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture & Forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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33
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Rodríguez L, Navarrete FI, Tovar H, Cox JF, Castro FO. High developmental potential in vitro and in vivo of cattle embryos cloned without micromanipulators. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008; 25:13-6. [PMID: 18205035 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-007-9194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In order to simplify cloning, a new method that does not require micromanipulators was used. We aimed to evaluate the developmental potential of two bovine cell lines upon cloning. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro matured bovine oocytes, were released from zona pellucida, enucleated, fused to foetal or adult somatic donor cells. The reconstructed embryos were reprogrammed, activated and cultured until blastocyst stage. No micromanipulators were used. Blastocyst rate and quality was scored. Some expanded (d7) blastocysts were transferred to recipient cattle and collected back at d17 to assess elongation. RESULTS High developmental potential in vitro of cloned embryos to expanded (d7) blastocysts was achieved (52.6%). In one cell line, 65.7% of blastocysts was scored. Most blastocysts (87.4%) were graded as excellent. In vivo development to elongation (day-17) in temporary recipient cows also showed a high developmental potential (11/18 transferred blastocysts elongated). CONCLUSIONS Hand-made cloning is an efficient alternative for cloning in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lleretny Rodríguez
- Animal Science, University of Concepcion, Avenida Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, 537, Chile
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Vajta G, Korösi T, Du Y, Nakata K, Ieda S, Kuwayama M, Nagy ZP. The Well-of-the-Well system: an efficient approach to improve embryo development. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 17:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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A protocol for the cryoconservation of breeds by low-cost emergency cell banks – a pilot study. Animal 2008; 2:1-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731107000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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36
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Du Y, Kragh PM, Zhang Y, Li J, Schmidt M, Bøgh IB, Zhang X, Purup S, Jørgensen AL, Pedersen AM, Villemoes K, Yang H, Bolund L, Vajta G. Piglets born from handmade cloning, an innovative cloning method without micromanipulation. Theriogenology 2007; 68:1104-10. [PMID: 17889304 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porcine handmade cloning (HMC), a simplified alternative of micromanipulation based traditional cloning (TC) has been developed in multiple phases during the past years, but the final evidence of its biological value, births of piglets was missing. Here we report the first births of healthy piglets after transfer of blastocysts produced by HMC. As a cumulative effect of technical optimization, 64.3+/-2.3 (mean+/-S.E.M.) reconstructed embryos from 151.3+/-4.8 oocytes could be obtained after 3-4h manual work, including 1h pause between fusion and activation. About half (50.1+/-2.8%, n=16) of HMC reconstructed embryos developed to blastocysts with an average cell number of 77+/-3 (n=26) after 7 days in vitro culture (IVC). According to our knowledge, this is the highest in vitro developmental rate after porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). A total of 416 blastocysts from HMC, mixed with 150 blastocysts from TC using a cell line from a different breed were transferred surgically to nine synchronized recipients. Out of the four pregnancies (44.4%) two were lost, while two pregnancies went to term and litters of 3 and 10 piglets were delivered by Caesarean section, with live birth/transferred embryo efficiency of 17.2% (10/58) for HMC. Although more in vivo experiments are still needed to further stabilize the system, our data proves that porcine HMC may result in birth of healthy offspring. Future comparative examinations are required to prove the value of the new technique for large-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Du
- Population Genetics and Embryology, Insitute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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37
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Fahrudin M, Kikuchi K, Kurniani Karja NW, Ozawa M, Maedomari N, Somfai T, Ohnuma K, Noguchi J, Kaneko H, Nagai T. Development to the Blastocyst Stage of Porcine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos Reconstructed by the Fusion of Cumulus Cells and Cytoplasts Prepared by Gradient Centrifugation. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2007; 9:216-28. [PMID: 17579554 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2006.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designated to examine the possibility of producing somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos in pigs using oocyte cytoplasm fragments (OCFs), prepared by centrifugations, as recipient cytoplasts. In Experiment 1, in vitro matured oocytes were centrifuged at 13,000 x g for 3, 6, and 9 min to stratify the cytoplasm, and then the oocytes were freed from zona pellucida and recentrifuged at 5,000 x g for 4 sec in Percoll gradient solution to produce OCFs as the source of recipient cytoplasts. It was found that a long duration of the first centrifugation tends to produce large-sized OCFs after the second centrifugation. In Experiment 2, two or three cytoplasts without chromosomes were aggregated, and then they were fused with a cumulus cell to produce SCNT embryos. The results showed that 66.4 +/- 9.4% of the reconstructed embryos underwent premature chromosome condensation at 1 h after activation, and 85.2 +/- 7.1% and 61.6 +/- 7.0% of them had pseudopronuclei at 10 and 24 h after activation, respectively. In Experiment 3, when SCNT embryos reconstructed by the fusion of three cytoplasts and one cumulus cell, a significantly higher (p < 0.05) rate of reconstructed embryos developed to the blastocyst stage (10.6 +/- 1.8%) than that of reconstructed with two cytoplasts and one cumulus cell (5.2 +/- 1.5%). These results indicate that cytoplasts obtained by two centrifugations can support the remodeling of a transferred somatic nucleus, resulting in the development of the reconstructed porcine embryos to the blastocyst stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhamad Fahrudin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biology Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Vajta G, Zhang Y, Macháty Z. Somatic cell nuclear transfer in pigs: recent achievements and future possibilities. Reprod Fertil Dev 2007; 19:403-23. [PMID: 17257528 DOI: 10.1071/rd06089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past 6 years, considerable advancement has been achieved in experimental embryology of pigs. This process was mainly generated by the rapidly increasing need for transgenic pigs for biomedical research purposes, both for future xenotransplantation to replace damaged human organs or tissues, and for creating authentic animal models for human diseases to study aetiology, pathogenesis and possible therapy. Theoretically, among various possibilities, an established somatic cell nuclear transfer system with genetically engineered donor cells seems to be an efficient and reliable approach to achieve this goal. However, as the result of unfortunate coincidence of known and unknown factors, porcine embryology had been a handicapped branch of reproductive research in domestic animals and a very intensive and focused research was required to eliminate or minimise this handicap. This review summarises recent achievements both in the background technologies (maturation, activation, embryo culture) and the actual performance of the nuclear replacement. Recent simplified methods for in vivo development after embryo transfer are also discussed. Finally, several fields of potential application for human medical purposes are discussed. The authors conclude that although in this early phase of research no direct evidence can be provided about the practical use of transgenic pigs produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer as organ donors or disease models, the future chances even in medium term are good, and at least proportional with the efforts and sums that are invested into this research area worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Vajta
- Population Genetics and Embryology, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Lagutina I, Lazzari G, Galli C. Birth of cloned pigs from zona-free nuclear transfer blastocysts developed in vitro before transfer. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2007; 8:283-93. [PMID: 17196093 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2006.8.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to obtain cloned pig offspring by uterine transfer of blastocysts produced by zona-free manipulation. We started by defining the most suitable culture media for growing pig nuclear transfer embryos produced by zona-free micromanipulation comparing NCSU-23aa with Synthetic Oviduct Fluid (SOFaa) and with in vivo culture in the sheep oviduct. We found that parthenogenetic development to day 7 blastocyst in NCSU-23aa and sheep oviduct was significantly superior as compared to SOFaa (61.8%, 64% and 42.4 respectively) although blastocyst cell number was higher in the latter. Interestingly, when we compared the two media for the culture of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos derived from 3 different donor cell lines, we observed lower rates of development with NCSU-23aa (from 24.5% to 32.4%) while with SOFaa the development was significantly higher for two donor cell lines as compared to the third (44.4%, 48.9% and 20.6% respectively). A total of 244 blastocysts grown in SOFaa were transferred in four synchronized sows on day 5 or 6 of development. Two recipients farrowed 6 and 8 piglets corresponding to an efficiency of development to term of 8% and 16% of the transferred embryos respectively. Eleven pigs are now 10 month of age and those that have reached puberty have been proven to be fertile. Finally, this is the first report on the production of cloned pigs derived from the transfer of NT embryos at the blastocyst stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lagutina
- Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Italian Experimental Institute Lazzaro Spallanzani, Cremona, Italy
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Lagutina I, Lazzari G, Duchi R, Turini P, Tessaro I, Brunetti D, Colleoni S, Crotti G, Galli C. Comparative aspects of somatic cell nuclear transfer with conventional and zona-free method in cattle, horse, pig and sheep. Theriogenology 2007; 67:90-8. [PMID: 17081599 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear transfer (NT) is a complex procedure that requires considerable technical skills. Over the years attempts have been made to simplify the micromanipulations involved and to make the procedure more user-friendly. A significant step forwards has been the development of the zona-free NT methods. We have used zona-free NT with mechanical aspiration of the metaphase plate as a mean of enucleation, in a comparative approach with the conventional nuclear transfer zona-enclosed method in cattle, horse, sheep and pig. The absence of the zona considerably facilitates the enucleation step and significantly increases cell fusion success. On the other hand, the culture of zona-free NT embryos requires the embryos to be cultured individually or anyway separated from each other to avoid aggregation and also requires to prolong the in vitro culture up to the blastocyst stage before transfer. Blastocyst rate is equal or higher with zona-free method as compared to zona-enclosed method while survival after cryopreservation and development to term is comparable. In conclusion, our findings, together with published data, demonstrate that the zona-free system described in this paper can significantly increase the output of NT blastocysts over the conventional zona-enclosed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lagutina
- Laboratorio di Tecnologie della Riproduzione, Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, CIZ srl, Via Porcellasco 7/f, 26100 Cremona, Italy
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Hall VJ, Ruddock NT, Cooney MA, Korfiatis NA, Tecirlioglu RT, Downie S, Williamson M, French AJ. Production of a cloned calf using zona-free serial nuclear transfer. Theriogenology 2006; 65:424-40. [PMID: 15979134 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Accepted: 05/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of generating cloned animals following somatic cell nuclear transfer appears to have reached a plateau, despite ongoing research to improve developmental outcomes. A major limitation appears in the restricted nature of the adult/donor cell to de-differentiate to form a totipotent nucleus. Serial nuclear transfer, a modified cloning technique, has increased the developmental competence of amphibian, murine and porcine cloned embryos. This procedure involves a second nuclear transfer step; pronuclear-like cloned nuclei are transferred into pronuclear stage zygotic cytoplasts. The present study reports on the development of a serial nuclear transfer technique in the bovine, based on a zona-free method (hand-made cloning), resulting in the birth of a cloned calf. Comparisons were made between embryos produced by hand-made cloning and serial nuclear transfer. There were no differences between in vitro development or differential cell counts in the blastocysts produced. Transfer of 16 serial hand-made cloned blastocysts resulted in the production of one healthy calf (6%), whereas hand-made cloning resulted in the birth of 1 calf from 23 transferred blastocysts (4%). One serial nuclear transfer pre-term fetus had renal and hepatic abnormalities (previously observed in clones from this cell line). Although it may not be as beneficial in the bovine as in other species, normal placentation (size, placentomes and umbilicus) was encouraging. Refinement of this technique may help to identify species-specific differences in zygotic competence that affect reprogramming of donor cell nuclei and that may improve efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa J Hall
- Monash University, Monash Institute of Reproduction and Development, Centre for Early Human Development, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
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42
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Armstrong L, Lako M, Dean W, Stojkovic M. Epigenetic modification is central to genome reprogramming in somatic cell nuclear transfer. Stem Cells 2005; 24:805-14. [PMID: 16282443 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The recent high-profile reports of the derivation of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from human blastocysts produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have highlighted the possibility of making autologous cell lines specific to individual patients. Cell replacement therapies have much potential for the treatment of diverse conditions, and differentiation of ESCs is highly desirable as a means of producing the ranges of cell types required. However, given the range of immunophenotypes of ESC lines currently available, rejection of the differentiated cells by the host is a potentially serious problem. SCNT offers a means of circumventing this by producing ESCs of the same genotype as the donor. However, this technique is not without problems because it requires resetting of the gene expression program of a somatic cell to a state consistent with embryonic development. Some remodeling of parental DNA does occur within the fertilized oocyte, but the somatic genome presented in a radically different format to those of the gametes. Hence, it is perhaps unsurprising that many genes are expressed aberrantly within "cloned" embryos and the ESCs derived from them. Epigenetic modification of the genome through DNA methylation and covalent modification of the histones that form the nucleosome is the key to the maintenance of the differentiated state of the cell, and it is this that must be reset during SCNT. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which this is achieved and how this may account for its partial failure in the "cloning" process. We also highlight the potential dangers this may introduce into ESCs produced by this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyle Armstrong
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, University of Newcastle, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK.
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Kragh PM, Du Y, Corydon TJ, Purup S, Bolund L, Vajta G. Efficient in vitro production of porcine blastocysts by handmade cloning with a combined electrical and chemical activation. Theriogenology 2005; 64:1536-45. [PMID: 15935461 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Revised: 03/17/2005] [Accepted: 03/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our work was to establish an efficient protocol for activation of porcine cytoplast-fibroblast constructs produced by the handmade cloning technique. Firstly, we investigated a combined electrical and chemical activation protocol for parthenogenetic development of in vitro matured zona-free oocytes. Oocytes were activated by one 80 micros pulse and subsequently cultured in cytochalasin B and cycloheximide. Developmental rates of blastocysts from activated oocytes were 49+/-1 and 40+/-2%, when using one 80 micros pulse of 0.85 or 1.25 kV/cm, respectively. The activation procedure was further confirmed by a simultaneous re-fusion and activation of bisected oocytes, resulting in a blastocyst rate of 41+/-8%. Secondly, the activation protocol was applied in the handmade cloning technique. In vitro matured zona-free porcine oocytes were bisected and halves containing no chromatin, i.e. the cytoplasts, were selected. Reconstructed embryos were produced by a two-step fusion procedure. At the first step, one cytoplast was fused to one fibroblast by one 80 micros pulse of 1.25 kV/cm. After 1h, the cytoplast-fibroblast pair and another cytoplast were fused and activated simultaneously by one 80 micros pulse of 0.85 kV/cm, and subsequently cultured in cytochalasin B and cycloheximide. The development of reconstructed embryos to the blastocyst stage was in average 21+/-4%, and total blastocyst cell counts were in average 48+/-3. Thus, the combined electrical and chemical activation procedure resulted in efficient blastocyst development in the handmade cloning technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Kragh
- Population Genetics and Embryology, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Ritchie WA, Taylor JE, Gardner JO, Wilmut I, Carlisle A, Neil C, King T, Whitelaw CBA. Live Lambs Born from Zona-Pellucida Denuded Embryos. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2005; 7:178-82. [PMID: 16176127 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2005.7.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Progress with techniques using zona-pellucida denuded embryos has resulted in the birth of live cattle, pigs, and mice. The application of zona-free methods in sheep has been restricted to in vitro studies. In this report, we demonstrate that live lambs can be produced from zona-free IVF embryos. We are pursuing this method as a prerequisite to developing viral vector co-culture delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Ritchie
- Department of Gene Function and Development, Roslin Institute, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
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Du Y, Kragh PM, Zhang X, Purup S, Yang H, Bolund L, Vajta G. High Overall In Vitro Efficiency of Porcine Handmade Cloning (HMC) Combining Partial Zona Digestion and Oocyte Trisection with Sequential Culture. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2005; 7:199-205. [PMID: 16176130 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2005.7.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro developmental competence of porcine embryos produced from in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes by improved HMC and parthenogenetic activation (PA). Embryos were cultured in a modified North Carolina State University (NCSU37) medium. Firstly, we compared the developmental competence between oocytes from sows and gilts by zona-intact (ZI) and zona-free (ZF) PA. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) blastocyst rates were obtained from sow oocytes (42 +/- 4% for ZF and 55 +/- 6% for ZI) than gilt oocytes (20 +/- 2% for ZF and 26 +/- 5% for ZI). Secondly, sow oocytes were used to establish the modified HMC that was based on a modified enucleation with partial zona digestion and trisection of porcine oocytes and the use of three cytoplasts and one somatic cell for embryo reconstruction. In vitro fertilization (IVF) and in parallel ZF PA were used as the control systems. After oocyte trisection, >90% of oocyte fragments were recovered, resulting in an average of 37 reconstructed embryos from 100 oocytes. Blastocyst rates of HMC, IVF, and ZF PA embryos were 17 +/- 4%, 30 +/- 6%, and 47 +/- 4%, respectively. Our results prove that HMC in pigs may result in high in vitro efficiency up until the blastocyst stage. In vivo developmental competence will be confirmed in embryo transfer experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Du
- Section of Population Genetics and Embryology, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Tjele, Denmark.
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Campbell KHS, Alberio R, Choi I, Fisher P, Kelly RDW, Lee JH, Maalouf W. Cloning: Eight Years After Dolly. Reprod Domest Anim 2005; 40:256-68. [PMID: 16008756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2005.00591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is now 8 years since the birth of Dolly, the first animal produced by nuclear transfer using a donor cell population established from an adult animal. During this time, the technique of nuclear transfer has been successfully applied to a range of mammalian species for the production of offspring using a plethora of donor cell types derived from both foetal and adult tissues. In addition, when coupled with genetic manipulation of the donor cells, transgenic offspring have been produced with a range of genetic modifications including gene knockouts and gene knockings. Despite the apparent successes of the technology, the efficiency of development to live offspring has remained low and developmental abnormalities still occur. The objectives of this paper are to review some of the successes and failures of the nuclear transfer procedure since the production of Dolly. In particular, we will review the major steps in the procedure and discuss studies from our laboratory and others which have modified the procedure in ways which may impact on development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H S Campbell
- Animal Development and Biotechnology Group, Division of Animal Physiology, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK.
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Vajta G, Kragh PM, Mtango NR, Callesen H. Hand-made cloning approach: potentials and limitations. Reprod Fertil Dev 2005; 17:97-112. [PMID: 15745635 DOI: 10.1071/rd04116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2004] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major drawbacks hamper the advancement of somatic cell nuclear transfer in domestic animals. The first is a biological problem that has been studied extensively by many scientists and from many viewpoints, including the cell, molecular and developmental biology, morphology, biochemistry and tissue culture. The second is a technical problem that may be responsible for 50% or more of quantitative and/or qualitative failures of routine cloning experiments and is partially the result of the demanding and complicated procedure. However, even the relatively rare documented efforts focusing on technique are usually restricted to details and accept the principles of the micromanipulator-based approach, with its inherent limitations. Over the past decade, a small alternative group of procedures, called hand-made cloning (HMC), has emerged that has the common feature of removal of the zona pellucida prior to enucleation and fusion, resulting in a limited (or no) requirement for micromanipulators. The benefits of HMC are low equipment costs, a simple and rapid procedure and an in vitro efficiency comparable with or higher than that of traditional nuclear transfer. Embryos created by the zona-free techniques can be cryopreserved and, although data are still sparse, are capable of establishing pregnancies and resulting in the birth of calves. Hand-made cloning may also open the way to partial or full automation of somatic cell nuclear transfer. Consequently, the zona- and micromanipulator-free approach may become a useful alternative to traditional cloning, either in special situations or generally for the standardisation and widespread application of somatic cell nuclear transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vajta
- Section of Reproductive Biology, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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