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Gudenschwager-Basso EK, Frydman G, Weerakoon S, Andargachew H, Piltaver CM, Huckle WR. Morphological evaluation of the feline placenta correlates with gene expression of vascular growth factors and receptors†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:569-582. [PMID: 38092011 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Placental angiogenesis is critical for normal development. Angiogenic factors and their receptors are key regulators of this process. Dysregulated placental vascular development is associated with pregnancy complications. Despite their importance, vascular growth factor expression has not been thoroughly correlated with placental morphologic development across gestation in cats. We postulate that changes in placental vessel morphology can be appreciated as consequences of dynamic expression of angiogenic signaling agents. Here, we characterized changes in placental morphology alongside expression analysis of angiogenic factor splice variants and receptors throughout pregnancy in domestic shorthair cats. We observed increased vascular and lamellar density in the lamellar zone during mid-pregnancy. Immunohistochemical analysis localized the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) receptor KDR to endothelial cells of the maternal and fetal microvasculatures. PlGF and its principal receptor Flt-1 were localized to the trophoblasts and fetal vasculature. VEGF-A was found in trophoblast cells and associated with endothelial cells. We detected expression of two Plgf splice variants and four Vegf-a variants. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed upregulation of mRNAs encoding pan Vegf-a and all Vegf-a splice forms at gestational days 30-35. Vegf-A showed a marked relative increase in expression during mid-pregnancy, consistent with the pro-angiogenic changes seen in the lamellar zone at days 30-35. Flt-1 was upregulated during late pregnancy. Plgf variants showed stable expression during the first two-thirds of pregnancy, followed by a marked increase toward term. These findings revealed specific spatiotemporal expression patterns of VEGF-A family members consistent with pivotal roles during normal placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin K Gudenschwager-Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Galit Frydman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shaneke Weerakoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hariyat Andargachew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Cassandra M Piltaver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - William R Huckle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Turgut AO, Korkmaz Ağaoğlu Ö. Differential expression of angiogenesis-related genes in goat uterus and corpus luteum during pregnancy. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1672-1684. [PMID: 37776186 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization and the control of luteal and endometrial development are regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during pregnancy. In this study, the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIFs (HIF1A, HIF2A and HIF3A) and VEGF in goat uterine and ovarian tissues during various stages of pregnancy were evaluated. A total of 42 Hair goats were used and were allocated into six groups, namely embryo-positive (G1), early pregnancy (G2), mid-term pregnancy (G3), late pregnancy (G4), oocyte-positive group (G5) and diestrus group (G6). The mRNA expression of the examined genes was evaluated by RT-qPCR, and protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In caruncles, HIF1A mRNA expression was greater in G1, G2 and G4 than in G3 (p < .05). HIF1A and HIF2A expression was greater in G1 than in G5 (p < .05). In cotyledons, HIF1A, HIF2A and HIF3A mRNA expression was greater in G2 and G3 compared to G4 (p < .05). In luteal tissue, HIF1A mRNA expression was greater in G1 and G2 than in G3 and G4 (p < .05). In the immunohistochemical examination, HIF1A, HIF2A, HIF3A and VEGF immunoreactions were detected in uterine and luteal tissues. Findings suggest that HIFs and VEGF are involved in the regulation of ovarian functions as well as the processes of implantation and placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Osman Turgut
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Özgecan Korkmaz Ağaoğlu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Santos LC, Silva JF. Molecular Factors Involved in the Reproductive Morphophysiology of Female Domestic Cat ( Felis catus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3153. [PMID: 37835759 PMCID: PMC10571923 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The domestic cat (Felis catus) is considered an important model for the study of feline reproductive morphophysiology. However, although the morphological changes and clinical signs that occur during the estrous cycle and pregnancy are well known, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the reproductive physiology of this animal species. Thus, this paper reviews the current knowledge about the modulation and expression profile of hormonal, immunological, redox, and growth mediators involved in the uterine, ovarian, and placental morphophysiology of domestic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Nucleo de Pesquisas em Reproducao e Endocrinologia, Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil;
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Nasry WHS, Martin CK. Intersecting Mechanisms of Hypoxia and Prostaglandin E2-Mediated Inflammation in the Comparative Biology of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:539361. [PMID: 34094895 PMCID: PMC8175905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.539361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of cancer was first proposed by Rudolph Virchow over 150 years ago, and our understanding of its significance has grown over decades of biomedical research. The arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation, including cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, PGE2 synthase enzymes, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGE2 receptors has been extensively studied and has been associated with different diseases and different types of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition to inflammation in the tumour microenvironment, low oxygen levels (hypoxia) within tumours have also been shown to contribute to tumour progression. Understandably, most of our OSCC knowledge comes from study of this aggressive cancer in human patients and in experimental rodent models. However, domestic animals develop OSCC spontaneously and this is an important, and difficult to treat, form of cancer in veterinary medicine. The primary goal of this review article is to explore the available evidence regarding interaction between hypoxia and the arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation during malignant behaviour of OSCC. Overlapping mechanisms in hypoxia and inflammation can contribute to tumour growth, angiogenesis, and, importantly, resistance to therapy. The benefits and controversies of anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic therapies for human and animal OSCC patients will be discussed, including conventional pharmaceutical agents as well as natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamed Shaker Nasry
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
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Jdidi H, Kouba FG, Aoiadni N, Abdennabi R, Turki M, Makni-Ayadi F, El Feki A. Effects of estrogen deficiency on liver function and uterine development: assessments of Medicago sativa's activities as estrogenic, anti-lipidemic, and antioxidant agents using an ovariectomized mouse model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:170-181. [PMID: 31210545 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1625927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of Medicago sativa supplementation on the lipid profiles and antioxidant capacities of ovariectomized mice.The study was performed on white Swiss female mice that were divided into five groups: control, treated with Medicago sativa (0.75 g/kg/day), ovariectomized, ovariectomized treated with β-estradiol (1 μg/day) or with Medicago sativa. The mice were sacrificed after 3 and 8 weeks of treatment.Ovariectomy induced a decrease in overall growth, uterine atrophy, and hyperlipidemia demonstrated by increased cholesterol, triglycerides, and decreased HDL. We have shown the involvement of oxidative stress in this hepatic lesion proven by increased levels of TBARS, GPX, and GSH, and decreased levels of SOD and catalase.Treatment with Medicago sativa restores lipid balance, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and improves lipid peroxidation. This is probably due to the richness of this plant in polyphenols and flavonoids considered as an antioxidant and phytoestrogenic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Jdidi
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ghorbel Kouba
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nissaf Aoiadni
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raed Abdennabi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Athens, Greece
| | - Mouna Turki
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU H. Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
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Santos LC, Dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, da Silva Santana L, Santos BR, Barbosa EM, da Silva TQM, Corrêa JMX, Niella RV, Lavor MSL, da Silva EB, de Melo Ocarino N, Serakides R, Silva JF. Kisspeptin/Kiss1r system and angiogenic and immunological mediators at the maternal-fetal interface of domestic cats. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:217-231. [PMID: 33774655 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kisspeptin/Kiss1r system is a key regulator of reproduction by stimulating gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone release, and in vitro studies have shown that Kisspeptin can modulate angiogenesis and immune function, factors that are also essential for reproduction However, there are no studies on the expression of Kisspeptin/Kiss1r at the maternal-fetal interface in domestic cats and its relationship with angiogenic and immunological mediators. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the spatiotemporal expression profile of Kisspeptin/Kiss1r and angiogenic and immunological mediators in the uterus and placenta of domestic cats during pregnancy. Uterus and placenta samples were collected from cats in mid pregnancy (N = 6) and late pregnancy (N = 6), in addition to uterus from non-pregnant cats in diestrus (N = 7), to evaluate protein and gene expression of kisspeptin (Kiss1), kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tyrosine kinase receptor (Flk-1), placental growth factor (PLGF), interferon gamma (INFγ), migration inhibiting factor (MIF), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukins (IL6 and IL10) by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Pregnancy increased the uterine expression of Kiss1 and Kiss1r, especially at the late pregnancy, in addition to upregulating INFy, MIF, Vegf, Il10, and Tnf and downregulating Plgf. Higher placental expression of Kiss1r and Plgf mRNA occurred at the late pregnancy, while the expression of Kiss1, VEGF, Flk-1, INFy, TNFα, Il6, and IL10 was higher in the mid of pregnancy. A positive correlation between Kiss1 and Tnf was observed in the placenta, while Kiss1r had a negative correlation with Infγ, Il6, and Il10. The findings reveal that Kisspeptin/Kiss1r and angiogenic and immunological mediators at the maternal-fetal interface of pregnant cat have a gene correlation and are modulated by the gestational age. These data suggest possible functional links of Kisspeptin in placental angiogenesis and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cardoso Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Jeane Martinha Dos Anjos Cordeiro
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Larissa da Silva Santana
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Bianca Reis Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Erikles Macêdo Barbosa
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Thayná Queiroz Menezes da Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Janaina Maria Xavier Corrêa
- Hospital Veterinario, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Raquel Viera Niella
- Hospital Veterinario, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Mário Sergio Lima Lavor
- Hospital Veterinario, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Elisângela Barboza da Silva
- Hospital Veterinario, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Natália de Melo Ocarino
- Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinarias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rogéria Serakides
- Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinarias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
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7
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Paulson EE, Comizzoli P. Endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation in carnivores-commonalities and differences with other mammalian species. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:771-783. [PMID: 33412583 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation processes are a major point of pregnancy failure in many mammalian species, including humans. Although reproductive biology in many carnivore species remains enigmatic, the few that have been studied so far are invaluable comparative models. The goals of this review are to (1) summarize current data on the mechanisms involved in uterine receptivity and embryo implantation in carnivores, including commonalities and differences with other mammalian species and (2) identify research priorities to better understand a key phenomenon in a critical group of mammals. Besides unique reproductive traits in some carnivores (induced vs. spontaneous ovulation in cats, ovulation at the germinal vesicle stage in dogs), preimplantation embryo development is comparable with other orders. However, the timing of implantation varies, especially in species having an embryonic diapause. Mechanisms involved in endometrial receptivity and decidualization still remain to be fully understood, but specific markers have already been identified. Importantly, the use of endogenous hormones to control the ovarian activity may impact endometrial receptivity and subsequent embryo implantation. Next, research efforts should take advantage of advanced technologies to further study embryo implantation in carnivores and to provide more relevant models to reproductive medicine or for the conservation of rare and endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Elinor Paulson
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
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Wilsterman K, Bao X, Estrada AD, Comizzoli P, Bentley GE. Sex steroids influence organizational but not functional decidualization of feline endometrial cells in a 3D culture system†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:906-915. [PMID: 31359037 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful implantation requires complex signaling between the uterine endometrium and the blastocyst. Prior to the blastocyst reaching the uterus, the endometrium is remodeled by sex steroids and other signals to render the endometrium receptive. In vitro models have facilitated major advances in our understanding of endometrium preparation and endometrial-blastocyst communication in mice and humans, but these systems have not been widely adapted for use in other models which might generate a deeper understanding of these processes. The objective of our study was to use a recently developed, three-dimensional culture system to identify specific roles of female sex steroids in remodeling the organization and function of feline endometrial cells. We treated endometrial cells with physiologically relevant concentrations of estradiol and progesterone, either in isolation or in combination, for 1 week. We then examined size and density of three-dimensional structures, and quantified expression of candidate genes known to vary in response to sex steroid treatments and that have functional relevance to the decidualization process. Combined sex steroid treatments recapitulated organizational patterns seen in vivo; however, sex steroid manipulations did not induce expected changes to expression of decidualization-related genes. Our results demonstrate that sex steroids may not be sufficient for complete decidualization and preparation of the feline endometrium, thereby highlighting key areas of opportunity for further study and suggesting some unique functions of felid uterine tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Wilsterman
- Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Xinmiao Bao
- Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Allegra D Estrada
- Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington DC, USA
| | - George E Bentley
- Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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9
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Lourenço BN, Coleman AE, Schmiedt CW, Brown CA, Rissi DR, Stanton JB, Giguère S, Berghaus RD, Brown SA, Tarigo JL. Profibrotic gene transcription in renal tissues from cats with ischemia-induced chronic kidney disease. Am J Vet Res 2020; 81:180-189. [PMID: 31985291 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.81.2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize transcription of profibrotic mediators in renal tissues of cats with ischemia-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). SAMPLE Banked renal tissues from 6 cats with experimentally induced CKD (RI group) and 8 healthy control cats. PROCEDURES For cats of the RI group, both kidneys were harvested 6 months after ischemia was induced for 90 minutes in 1 kidney. For control cats, the right kidney was evaluated. All kidney specimens were histologically examined for fibrosis, inflammation, and tubular atrophy. Renal tissue homogenates underwent reverse transcription quantitative PCR assay evaluation to characterize gene transcription of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), transforming growth factor-β1, and vascular endothelial growth factor A. Gene transcription and histologic lesions were compared among ischemic and contralateral kidneys of the RI group and control kidneys. RESULTS Ischemic kidneys had greater transcript levels of MMP-7, MMP-9, and transforming growth factor-β1 relative to control kidneys and of MMP-2 relative to contralateral kidneys. Transcription of TIMP-1 was upregulated and that of vascular endothelial growth factor A was downregulated in ischemic and contralateral kidneys relative to control kidneys. Transcription of HIF-1α did not differ among kidney groups. For ischemic kidneys, there were strong positive correlations between transcription of HIF-1α, MMP-2, MMP-7, and TIMP-1 and severity of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Transcription of genes involved in profibrotic pathways remained altered in both kidneys 6 months after transient renal ischemia. This suggested that a single unilateral renal insult can have lasting effects on both kidneys.
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Lourenço BN, Coleman AE, Tarigo JL, Berghaus RD, Brown CA, Rissi DR, Stanton JB, Brown SA, Schmiedt CW. Evaluation of profibrotic gene transcription in renal tissues from cats with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1476-1487. [PMID: 32468592 PMCID: PMC7379026 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased gene transcription of hypoxia-induced mediators of fibrosis in renal tissue has been identified in experimentally induced, ischemic chronic kidney disease (CKD). OBJECTIVE To characterize hypoxia-induced profibrotic pathways in naturally occurring CKD in cats. ANIMALS Twelve client-owned cats with CKD and 8 healthy control cats. METHODS In this prospective, cross-sectional study, bilateral renal tissue samples were assessed histologically for inflammation, tubular atrophy, and fibrosis, and by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR for characterization of transcript levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1A), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP2), -7 (MMP7), and -9 (MMP9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA). Linear mixed models were used to compare gene transcription between diseased and healthy kidneys, and to examine the association between transcript levels and serum creatinine concentration for all cats, and between transcript levels and histologic scores of diseased kidneys. RESULTS Kidneys from cats with CKD had significantly higher transcript levels of HIF1A, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, TIMP1, and TGFB1 (all P < .001), and lower levels of VEGFA (P = .006) than those from control cats. Transcript levels of MMP7 (P = .05) and TIMP1 (P = .005) were positively associated with serum creatinine in cats with CKD, but not in control cats. In diseased kidneys, transcript levels of MMP2 (P = .002), MMP7 (P = .02), and TIMP1 (P = .02) were positively, whereas those of VEGFA (P = .003) were negatively, associated with histologic score severity. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Evaluation of the expression of the corresponding proteins in larger populations could identify therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca N Lourenço
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amanda E Coleman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jaime L Tarigo
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Roy D Berghaus
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Cathy A Brown
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - James B Stanton
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott A Brown
- Departments of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery and Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Chad W Schmiedt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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11
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Loren P, Sánchez-Villalba E, Risopatrón J, Arias ME, Felmer R, Sánchez R. Induction of oxidative stress does not increase the cryotolerance of vitrified embryos. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 219:106511. [PMID: 32828397 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Short-term treatment of mammalian oocytes with different stressors induces stress tolerance of embryos derived from these oocytes. The aims of this study were to evaluate effects on embryo development when there was treatment of oocyte complexes (COCs) used to derive the embryos with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).The COCs were not incubated with H2O2: control (0 μM), or were incubated with 25, 50, 75, or 100 μM concentrations of H2O2 for 1 h prior to in vitro fertilization, and presumptive zygotes were cultured until day 7. Blastocysts at day 7 of development derived from H2O2-treated (25 μM treatment concentration) COCs were vitrified. Percentage of embryos undergoing cleavage was not affected by any treatment, while percentage of embryos developing to the blastocyst stage was less when there was treatment of COCs with 100 μM of H2O2. Embryo quality was less when COCs used to derive blastocysts were treated with 50, 75, or 100 μM concentrations of H2O2. There were lesser relative abundances of some mRNA transcripts of interest in blastocysts when there was treatment of COCs with H2O2. After vitrification, there were no differences in embryo re-expansion and hatching rates compared with fresh and vitrified blastocysts of the control group and those derived from COCs treated with 25 μM H2O2. In conclusion, treatment of COCs used to derive blastocysts with H2O2 does not induce stress tolerance in vitrified embryos of cattle; however, the viability of these blastocysts is similar to those of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Loren
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - E Sánchez-Villalba
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - J Risopatrón
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - M E Arias
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - R Felmer
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - R Sánchez
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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Chen B, Lin SJH, Li WT, Chang HW, Pang VF, Chu PY, Lee CC, Nakayama H, Wu CH, Jeng CR. Expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in feline mammary gland carcinomas: association with pathological characteristics and clinical outcomes. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:125. [PMID: 32375802 PMCID: PMC7204310 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The microenvironment within solid malignant tumors, including feline mammary gland carcinomas (FMGCs), is commonly hypoxic, possibly due to the lack of functional blood vessels in rapidly proliferating neoplastic tissue. Malignant cells can undergo genetic and adaptive changes that prevent them from dying due to oxygen deprivation through expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Therefore, HIF-1α and VEGF are ideal biomarkers for cancer therapy and prognostic evaluation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in feline mammary carcinomas and analyze their correlations with clinical and pathological factors, such as clinical stage, histologic grading, regional metastasis, and overall survival rate. Results Paraffin-embedded tissue samples collected from 72 cats with FMGCs were retrospectively studied. Histologic pattern and histologic grading (Elston and Ellis grading system) of these FMGCs were determined. Our data indicated that grade II tubulopapillary carcinomas (43/72, 59.7%) prevailed in this study, and most FMCGs showed apparent necrosis, squamous metaplasia, and intratumoral stromal response. According to the results of immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings performed in tissue microarrays (TMAs), HIF-1α and VEGF overexpressions were respectively noted in 69.4% (50/72) and 77.8% (56/72) of FMGC cases. Chi-square test showed no correlation of HIF-1α overexpression with clinical and pathological factors. VEGF overexpression was significantly correlated with histologic pattern (p = 0.021), stromal response (p = 0.048), squamous metaplasia (p = 0.001), and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.007). However, neither HIF-1α nor VEGF overexpression was correlated with histologic grading and metastasis. Of 38 cats with 1-year follow-up, IHC stainings of HIF-1α and VEGF were performed on whole tissue sections. The results showed that overexpression of HIF-1α was significantly correlated with the overall survival rate (p < 0.05) (log-rank test), whereas there was no significant correlation between VEGF overexpression and overall survival rate. Conclusions This study suggests that the overexpression of HIF-1α may indicate poor prognosis/overall survival rate in cats with FMGCs. Developing compounds that inhibit HIF-1α may be a potential approach to FMGC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susanne Je-Han Lin
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ta Li
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Victor Fei Pang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Cheng Lee
- Department of Pathology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ching-Ho Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chian-Ren Jeng
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Contreras-Correa ZE, Lemire RL, Burnett DD, Lemley CO. Temporal transcript abundance of clock genes, angiogenic factors and nutrient sensing genes in bovine placental explants. Theriogenology 2020; 151:74-80. [PMID: 32311603 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown expression of clock genes in peripheral tissue explants, targeting multiple pathways leading to the entrainment of circadian rhythms. Temporal variations are not solely regulated by photoperiod, but factors such as maternal feed availability can entrain fetal circadian clock. Currently, a paucity of information exists for clock gene expression and short-term temporal transcript abundance in the bovine placenta, which is essential for proper offspring development. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of early to mid-gestational nutrient restriction on clock genes, angiogenic factors, and nutrient sensing genes mRNA transcript abundance in placental explants during a 24 h period. Placentomes from adequately fed and nutrient restricted heifers were collected via Cesarean section at day 180 of gestation; separated into caruncular and cotyledonary tissue and placed in culture media for a 24 h period. The mRNA transcript abundance of clock genes (ARNTL, CRY1, and PER2), angiogenic factors (HIF1A and VEGFA), and nutrient sensing genes (NAMPT and NR3C1) was determined every 4 h. Clock genes were expressed in caruncular and cotyledonary explant tissue. The caruncular explant transcript abundance of the clock genes was not influenced by time (P > 0.05); while ARNTL abundance decreased over time in the cotyledon explant (P < 0.05). A main effect of time was observed for HIF1A, VEGFA, and NR3C1 in the caruncular tissue (P < 0.05). Although, angiogenic factors and nutrient sensing genes in cotyledonary tissue displayed evident temporal variation in transcript abundance (P < 0.05). Nutrient restriction did not alter (P > 0.15) mRNA transcript abundance of clock genes, angiogenic factors, or nutrient sensing genes in either caruncular or cotyledonary tissue. Interestingly, these data may indicate limited transmission and synchronization of maternal and fetal temporal variations in transcript abundance. These findings demonstrate that multiple timepoint collections are needed in future studies due to the innate existence of temporal oscillations observed in the bovine placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zully E Contreras-Correa
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States.
| | - Racheal L Lemire
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States.
| | - Derris D Burnett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States.
| | - Caleb O Lemley
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States.
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Quan Q, Zheng Q, Ling Y, Fang F, Chu M, Zhang X, Liu Y, Li W. Comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes between the ovaries from pregnant and nonpregnant goats using RNA-Seq. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:3. [PMID: 31080783 PMCID: PMC6503366 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-019-0095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background A multitude of genes tightly regulate ovarian follicular development and hormone secretion. These complex and coordinated biological processes are altered during pregnancy. In order to further understand the regulatory role of these genes during pregnancy, it is important to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the ovaries of pregnant and nonpregnant mammals. To detect the genes associated with the development of pregnancy in goats, DEGs from the ovaries from pregnant and nonpregnant Anhui white goats (pAWGs and nAWGs, respectively) were analyzed using RNA sequencing technology (RNA-Seq). Results In this study, 13,676,394 and 13,549,560 clean reads were generated from pAWGs and nAWGs, respectively, and 1724 DEGs were identified between the two libraries. Compared with nAWGs, 1033 genes were upregulated and 691 genes were downregulated in pAWGs, including PGR, PRLR, STAR and CYP19A1, which play important roles in goat reproduction. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched for 49 functional GO terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that 397 DEGs were significantly enriched in 13 pathways, including “cell cycle”, “cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction” and “steroid biosynthesis”, suggesting that the genes may be associated with cell cycle regulation, follicular development and hormone secretion to regulate the reproduction process. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR was used to verify the reliability of the RNA-Seq data. Conclusions The data obtained in this work enrich the genetic resources of goat and provide a further understanding of the complex molecular regulatory mechanisms occurring during the development of pregnancy and reproduction in goats. The DEGs screened in this study may play an important role in follicular development and hormone secretion and they would provide scientific basis for related research in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40709-019-0095-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Quan
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China.,3College of Economy and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Qi Zheng
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Yinghui Ling
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Fugui Fang
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- 4Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Yong Liu
- 5Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037 China
| | - Wenyong Li
- 5Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037 China
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