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Tian M, Cao H, Gao H, Zhu L, Wu Y, Li G. Rotenone-induced cell apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress and PERK-eIF2α-CHOP signalling pathways in TM3 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 284:116972. [PMID: 39232300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Rotenone (ROT), a widely used natural pesticide, has an uncertain effect on reproductive toxicity. In this study, we used 20 mice distributed randomly into four groups, with each group receiving ROT doses of 0, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg/day for 28 days. The results demonstrated that ROT induced significant testicular damage, including impaired spermatogenesis, inhibition of testosterone synthesis, and apoptosis of Leydig cells. Additionally, ROT disrupted the normal ultrastructure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in testicular tissue, leading to ER stress in Leydig cells. To further explore whether ROT-induced apoptosis in Leydig cells is related to ER stress, the mouse Leydig cell line (TM3 cells) was treated with ROT at 0, 250, 500, and 1000 nM. ROT inhibited TM3 cell viability, induced cytotoxicity, and reduced testosterone content in the culture supernatants. Furthermore, ROT treatment triggered apoptosis in TM3 cells by activating ER stress and the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP signalling pathway. Pre-treatment of TM3 cells exposed to ROT with the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) alleviated these effects, decreasing apoptosis and preserving testosterone levels. Further intervention with the PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 reduced ROT-induced apoptosis and testosterone reduction by inhibiting PERK activity. In summary, ROT-induced male reproductive toxicity is specifically driven by apoptosis, with the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP signalling pathway activated by ER stress playing a crucial role in the apoptosis of Leydig cells triggered by ROT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tian
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Hongting Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Haoxuan Gao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Lingqin Zhu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital, Peking University First Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Guanghua Li
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
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2
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Li J, Yuan N, Zhai Y, Wang M, Hao M, Liu X, Zhou D, Liu W, Jin Y, Wang A. Protein disulfide isomerase A4 binds to Brucella BtpB and mediates intracellular NAD +/NADH metabolism in RAW264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113046. [PMID: 39226825 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain is distributed widely in mammalian Toll-like receptors and adaptors, plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors, and specific bacterial virulence proteins. Proteins that possess TIR domain exhibit NADase activity which is distinct from the canonical signaling function of these domains. However, the effects of bacterial TIR domain proteins on host metabolic switches and the underlying mechanism of NADase activity in these proteins remain unclear. Here, we utilized Brucella TIR domain-containing type IV secretion system effector protein, BtpB, to explore the mechanism of NADase activity in host cells. We showed that using ectopic expression BtpB not only generates depletion of NAD+ but also loss of NADH and ATP in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Moreover, immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, and confocal microscope assays revealed that BtpB interacted with host protein disulfide isomerase A4 (PDIA4). The Brucella mutant strain deleted the gene for BtpB, significantly decreased PDIA4 expression. Furthermore, our data revealed that PDIA4 played an important role in regulating intracellular NAD+/NADH levels in macrophages, and PDIA4 overexpression restored the decline of intracellular NAD+ and NADH levels induced by Brucella BtpB. The results provide new insights into the metabolic regulatory activity of TIR domain proteins in the critical human and animal pathogen Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ningqiu Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yunyi Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mingyue Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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3
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Tao S, Yao Z, Li H, Wang Y, Qiao X, Yu Y, Li Y, Ning Y, Ge RS, Li S. Exposure to 4-nonylphenol compromises Leydig cell development in pubertal male mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115612. [PMID: 37866035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to 4-nonyl phenol (4-NP) on Leydig cell (LC) development and function remains poorly understood. We explored the effects of 4-NP on LC development and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Male (28-day-old) mice received orally 4-NP (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. We found that 4-NP at ≥ 0.125 mg/kg markedly compromised serum testosterone levels and LC numbers. Gene and protein expression analysis demonstrated downregulation of key genes and their proteins involved in LC steroidogenesis, including Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Hsd17b3, Hsd3b6, and Scarb1. Furthermore, exposure to 4-NP induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as reduced superoxide dismutase 1/2 and catalase (CAT). Apoptosis was also observed in LCs following exposure to 4-NP, as shown by an increased BAX/BCL2 ratio and caspase-3. A TM3 mouse LC line further confirmed that 4-NP induced ROS and the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that 4-NP exposure compromises LC development through multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhui Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhiang Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xinyi Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Anaesthesiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Anaesthesiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Anaesthesiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yangyang Ning
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Anaesthesiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Anaesthesiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China, Key Laboratory of Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Shijun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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Yuxiong W, Faping L, Bin L, Yanghe Z, Yao L, Yunkuo L, Yishu W, Honglan Z. Regulatory mechanisms of the cAMP-responsive element binding protein 3 (CREB3) family in cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115335. [PMID: 37595431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The CREB3 family of proteins, encompassing CREB3 and its four homologs (CREB3L1, CREB3L2, CREB3L3, and CREB3L4), exerts pivotal control over cellular protein metabolism in response to unfolded protein reactions. Under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress, activation of the CREB3 family occurs through regulated intramembrane proteolysis within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Perturbations in the function and expression of the CREB3 family have been closely associated with the development of diverse diseases, with a particular emphasis on cancer. Recent investigations have shed light on the indispensable role played by CREB3 family members in modulating the onset and progression of various human cancers. This comprehensive review endeavors to provide an in-depth examination of the involvement of CREB3 family members in distinct human cancer types, accentuating their significance in the pathogenesis of cancer and the manifestation of malignant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yuxiong
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Li Faping
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Liu Bin
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Zhang Yanghe
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Li Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Li Yunkuo
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Wang Yishu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China.
| | - Zhou Honglan
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, China,.
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Wang L, Meng Q, Wang H, Huang X, Yu C, Yin G, Wang D, Jiang H, Huang Z. Luman regulates the activity of the LHCGR promoter. Res Vet Sci 2023; 161:132-137. [PMID: 37384971 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Testosterone in male mammals is mainly secreted by testicular Leydig cells, and its secretion process is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. After receiving the luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulus signal, the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) on the Leydig cell membrane transfers the signal into the cell and finally increases the secretion of testosterone by upregulating the expression of steroid hormone synthase. In previous experiments, we found that interfering with the expression of the Luman protein can significantly increase testosterone secretion in MLTC-1 cells. In this experiment, we found that knockdown of Luman in MLTC-1 cells significantly increased the concentration of cAMP and upregulated the expression of AC and LHCGR. Moreover, an analysis of the activity of the LHCGR promoter by a dual luciferase reporter system showed that knockdown of Luman increased the activity of the LHCGR promoter. Therefore, we believe that knockdown of Luman increased the activity of the LHCGR promoter and upregulated the expression of LHCGR, thereby increasing the concentration of intracellular cAMP and ultimately leading to an increase of testosterone secretion by MLTC-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China.
| | - Qingrui Meng
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
| | - Hailun Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
| | - Chunchen Yu
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
| | - Guangwen Yin
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
| | - Dengfeng Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
| | - Heji Jiang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350002, PR China.
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6
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Wang L, Wang H, Wei S, Huang X, Yu C, Meng Q, Wang D, Yin G, Huang Z. Toxoplasma gondii induces MLTC-1 apoptosis via ERS pathway. Exp Parasitol 2022; 244:108429. [PMID: 36403802 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a serious intracellular parasite and mammalian infection can damage the reproductive system and lead to apoptosis of Murine Leydig tumor cells (MLTC-1); however, the mechanism is unclear. The testis Leydig cell is the main testosterone synthesis cell in male mammals. We studied the mechanism of T. gondii infection on Leydig cell apoptosis in vitro. MLTC-1 were divided into control and experimental groups. Experiment group cells and tachyzoites were co-cultured, in a 1:20 ratio, for 3, 6, 9, and 12 h. T. gondii entered the cells and caused lesions at 12 h. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of the experiment group increased with time and was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control group. RT-qPCR and western blot demonstrated that the expression of P53, Caspase-3, and Bax were significantly increased at 12 h (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 expression was significantly increased at 12 h (P < 0.05). The ER stress (ERS) pathway was important in cell apoptosis. RT-qPCR and western blot showed that the expression of CHOP was significantly increased at 12 h (P < 0.05). These data indicate that T. gondii induced MLTC-1 cell apoptosis may occur via the ERS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Hailun Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Shihao Wei
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Chunchen Yu
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Qingrui Meng
- Jinshan College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Dengfeng Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Guangwen Yin
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China.
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China.
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Xiong Y, Li J, He S. Zinc Protects against Heat Stress-Induced Apoptosis via the Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in TM3 Leydig Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:728-739. [PMID: 33738683 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS)-induced apoptosis in Leydig cells is mediated by various molecular mechanisms, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Zinc, an inorganic mineral element, exhibits several cytoprotective properties, but its potential protective action against Leydig cell apoptosis and the related molecular mechanisms has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of zinc sulfate, a predominant chemical form of zinc, exerted on cell viability, apoptosis, and testosterone production in HS-treated TM3 Leydig cells and investigated the underlying signaling pathways. HS treatment inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis, which was accompanied by the induction of the activity of caspase 3, an executioner of apoptosis, involved in the expression of pro-apoptotic protein B cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein (Bax), and in the reduction of the expression of anti-apoptotic protein B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), thereby activating ER stress marker protein expression (glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)). However, zinc sulfate led to the attenuation of deleterious effects, including increases in apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, Bax, GRP78, and CHOP expression, and decreases in cell viability and Bcl-2 protein expression in cells treated with HS or thapsigargin (an ER stress activator). Furthermore, 4-phenylbutyric acid (an ER stress inhibitor) treatment markedly alleviated the HS-induced adverse effects in cells exposed to HS, which was similar to zinc sulfate. Additionally, zinc sulfate supplementation in the culture medium effectively restored the HS-induced decrease in testosterone levels in HS-treated cells. In summary, these findings indicate that HS triggers apoptosis in TM3 Leydig cells via the ER stress pathway and that zinc confers protection against these detrimental effects. This study provides new insights into the benefits of using zinc against HS-induced apoptosis and cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xiong
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Shaojun He
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China.
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