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Gajowniczek-Ałasa D, Baranowska-Wójcik E, Szwajgier D. Vegan and Vegetarian Soups Are Excellent Sources of Cholinesterase Inhibitors. Nutrients 2024; 16:2025. [PMID: 38999773 PMCID: PMC11243061 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cholinesterase theory stands as the most popular worldwide therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given the absence of a cure for AD, a plant-based diet has been repeatedly shown as positive in the prevention of AD, including exploring ready-made products in stores and the development of new functional foods. GOAL This study compared the anti-acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase activity of thirty-two Polish market soups and five newly formulated soups intended to be functional. Additionally, the research aimed to assess the significance of animal content, distinguishing between vegan and vegetarian options, in cholinesterase inhibition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anticholinesterase activity was investigated using a spectrophotometric method, and the inhibitory activity was expressed as % inhibition of the enzyme. The study categorized soups into three groups based on ingredients: those containing animal-derived components, vegetarian soups and vegan soups. RESULTS Soups exhibited varying levels of activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), indicating differences in their compositions. Composition appeared to be the primary factor influencing anticholinesterase activity, as soups within each group showed significant variability in activity levels. While some commercial soups demonstrated notable anticholinesterase activity, they did not surpass the effectiveness of the optimized soups developed in the laboratory. Certain ingredients were associated with higher anticholinesterase activity, such as coconut, potato, onion, garlic, parsley and various spices and herbs. CONCLUSIONS Vegetarian and vegan soups exhibited comparable or even superior anticholinesterase activity compared to animal-derived soups, highlighting the importance of plant-based ingredients. The study underscores the need for further research to explore the mechanisms underlying the anticholinesterase activity of soups, including the impact of ingredient combinations and processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Gajowniczek-Ałasa
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominik Szwajgier
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
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El-Hosari DG, Hussein WM, Elgendy MO, Elgendy SO, Ibrahim ARN, Fahmy AM, Hassan A, Mokhtar FA, Hussein MF, Abdelrahim MEA, Haggag EG. Galangal-Cinnamon Spice Mixture Blocks the Coronavirus Infection Pathway through Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 M Pro, Three HCoV-229E Targets; Quantum-Chemical Calculations Support In Vitro Evaluation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1378. [PMID: 37895849 PMCID: PMC10610207 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products such as domestic herbal drugs which are easily accessible and cost-effective can be used as a complementary treatment in mild and moderate COVID-19 cases. This study aimed to detect and describe the efficiency of phenolics detected in the galangal-cinnamon mixture in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2's different protein targets. The potential antiviral effect of galangal-cinnamon aqueous extract (GCAE) against Low Pathogenic HCoV-229E was assessed using cytopathic effect inhibition assay and the crystal violet method. Low Pathogenic HCoV-229E was used as it is safer for in vitro laboratory experimentation and due to the conformation and the binding pockets similarity between HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 MPro. The GCAE showed a significant antiviral effect against HCoV-229E (IC50 15.083 µg/mL). Twelve phenolic compounds were detected in the extract with ellagic, cinnamic, and gallic acids being the major identified phenolic acids, while rutin was the major identified flavonoid glycoside. Quantum-chemical calculations were made to find molecular properties using the DFT/B3LYP method with 6-311++G(2d,2p) basis set. Quantum-chemical values such as EHOMO, ELUMO, energy gap, ionization potential, chemical hardness, softness, and electronegativity values were calculated and discussed. Phenolic compounds detected by HPLC-DAD-UV in the GCAE were docked into the active site of 3 HCoV-229E targets (PDB IDs. 2ZU2, 6U7G, 7VN9, and 6WTT) to find the potential inhibitors that block the Coronavirus infection pathways from quantum and docking data for these compounds. There are good adaptations between the theoretical and experimental results showing that rutin has the highest activity against Low Pathogenic HCoV-229E in the GCAE extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa G. El-Hosari
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (W.M.H.); (E.G.H.)
| | - Wesam M. Hussein
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (W.M.H.); (E.G.H.)
| | - Marwa O. Elgendy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Sara O. Elgendy
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed R. N. Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alzhraa M. Fahmy
- Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
| | - Afnan Hassan
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo 12578, Egypt;
| | - Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida 44813, Egypt;
| | - Modather F. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Collage of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. A. Abdelrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
| | - Eman G. Haggag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (W.M.H.); (E.G.H.)
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Shome S, Talukdar AD, Upadhyaya H. Antibacterial activity of curcumin and its essential nanoformulations against some clinically important bacterial pathogens: A comprehensive review. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2357-2386. [PMID: 34826356 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections can kill 700,000 individuals globally each year and is considered among the top 10 global health threats faced by humanity as the arsenal of antibiotics is becoming dry and alternate antibacterial molecule is in demand. Nanoparticles of curcumin exhibit appreciable broad-spectrum antibacterial activity using unique and novel mechanisms and thus the process deserves to be reviewed and further researched to clearly understand the mechanisms. Based on the antibiotic resistance, infection, and virulence potential, a list of clinically important bacteria was prepared after extensive literature survey and all recent reports on the antibacterial activity of curcumin and its nanoformulations as well as their mechanism of antibacterial action have been reviewed. Curcumin, nanocurcumin, and its nanocomposites with improved aqueous solubility and bioavailability are very potential, reliable, safe, and sustainable antibacterial molecule against clinically important bacterial species that uses multitarget mechanism such as inactivation of antioxidant enzyme, reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular damage, and inhibition of acyl-homoserine-lactone synthase necessary for quorum sensing and biofilm formation, thereby bypassing the mechanisms of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Nanoformulations of curcumin can thus be considered as a potential and sustainable antibacterial drug candidate to address the issue of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Shome
- Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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Assessment of fresh Alpinia galanga (A. galanga) drying techniques for the chemical composition of essential oil and its antioxidant and biological activity. Food Chem 2022; 392:133314. [PMID: 35636195 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated drying characteristics, structure and essential oil chemical composition, and biological activity of A. galanga by hot air drying (HAD), vacuum drying (VD), freeze drying (FD). The results showed that HAD had the shortest drying time while FD could better maintain the microstructure and showed a higher essential oil yield than HAD and VD. In addition, E-nose, HS-GC-IMS and HS-SPME-GC-MS could effectively distinguish the essential oil chemical composition of the four samples because different drying methods induced the changes in the profile and content of the compounds. HS-SPME-GC-MS detected 43 compounds, of which alcohols, alkenes, and esters were the main substances in fresh and dry samples. In comparison, HS-SPME-GC-IMS detected 80 compounds, including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, alkenes. Overall, the FD samples showed more outstanding advantages by evaluating antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities. FD was more suitable for A. galanga drying as it maintains appearance and biological activity.
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Ke Y, Geng C, Lin L, Zhao M, Rao H. Pectin-type polysaccharide from galangal: An efficient emulsifier to construct the emulsion-based delivery system for galangal flavonoids. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:644-652. [PMID: 36099993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Galangal is rich in flavonoids and polysaccharides but underutilized. In this study, galangal flavonoids and polysaccharides (GP-HN and GP-UN) were obtained by segmented extraction, used for chemical composition determination/structural characterization, and constructed for the emulsion delivery system. The results showed that galangin accounted for 71.45 % of total flavonoids. GP-HN and GP-UN were prepared by enzymatic-assisted high-temperature and ultrasonic extraction, which were low-molecular-weight pectin-type polysaccharides mainly constructed by galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose. GP-UN was the best emulsifier due to interfacial activities, emulsifying properties, interfacial resistance to bile salts displacement abilities, and anti-lipid digestion abilities of GPs. GP-UN emulsion could stably deliver flavonoids. This study presented a method for orderly reorganizing flavonoids and polysaccharides, guiding for utilization of whole bioactive components in galangal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ke
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Chunyang Geng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China; Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China; Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Huishan Rao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China
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The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Human Cancers and the Use of Natural Compounds as Epidrugs: Mechanistic Pathways and Pharmacodynamic Actions. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030367. [PMID: 35327559 PMCID: PMC8945214 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from the genetic and epigenetic disruption of normal cells. The mechanistic understanding of the pathways involved in tumor transformation has implicated a priori predominance of epigenetic perturbations and a posteriori genetic instability. In this work, we aimed to explain the mechanistic involvement of epigenetic pathways in the cancer process, as well as the abilities of natural bioactive compounds isolated from medicinal plants (flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and ketones) to specifically target the epigenome of tumor cells. The molecular events leading to transformation, angiogenesis, and dissemination are often complex, stochastic, and take turns. On the other hand, the decisive advances in genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have allowed, in recent years, for the mechanistic decryption of the molecular pathways of the cancerization process. This could explain the possibility of specifically targeting this or that mechanism leading to cancerization. With the plasticity and flexibility of epigenetic modifications, some studies have started the pharmacological screening of natural substances against different epigenetic pathways (DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone methylation, and chromatin remodeling) to restore the cellular memory lost during tumor transformation. These substances can inhibit DNMTs, modify chromatin remodeling, and adjust histone modifications in favor of pre-established cell identity by the differentiation program. Epidrugs are molecules that target the epigenome program and can therefore restore cell memory in cancerous diseases. Natural products isolated from medicinal plants such as flavonoids and phenolic acids have shown their ability to exhibit several actions on epigenetic modifiers, such as the inhibition of DNMT, HMT, and HAT. The mechanisms of these substances are specific and pleiotropic and can sometimes be stochastic, and their use as anticancer epidrugs is currently a remarkable avenue in the fight against human cancers.
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ALJOBAIR MO. Chemical composition, antimicrobial properties, and antioxidant activity of galangal rhizome. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.45622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Mohamad TAST, Islahudin F, Jasamai M, Jamal JA. Traditional Practitioner’s Knowledge of Malay Post-Partum Herbal Remedies in Malaysia. ARCHIVES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/ani1usvkcv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Liu SL, Yang KH, Yang CW, Lee MY, Chuang YT, Chen YN, Chang FR, Chen CY, Chang HW. Burmannic Acid Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Oxidative Stress Response of Oral Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101588. [PMID: 34679723 PMCID: PMC8533162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Burmannic acid (BURA) is a new apocarotenoid bioactive compound derived from Indonesian cinnamon; however, its anticancer effect has rarely been investigated in oral cancer cells. In this investigation, the consequences of the antiproliferation of oral cancer cells effected by BURA were evaluated. BURA selectively suppressed cell proliferation of oral cancer cells (Ca9-22 and CAL 27) but showed little cytotoxicity to normal oral cells (HGF-1). In terms of mechanism, BURA perturbed cell cycle distribution, upregulated mitochondrial superoxide, induced mitochondrial depolarization, triggered γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine DNA damage, and induced apoptosis and caspase 3/8/9 activation in oral cancer cells. Application of N-acetylcysteine confirmed oxidative stress as the critical factor in promoting antiproliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage in oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ling Liu
- Experimental Forest College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Zhushan Township, Nantou County 55750, Taiwan;
| | - Kun-Han Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-H.Y.); (C.-W.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Che-Wei Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-H.Y.); (C.-W.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Min-Yu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.); (Y.-N.C.)
| | - Ya-Ting Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.); (Y.-N.C.)
| | - Yan-Ning Chen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.); (Y.-N.C.)
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.-H.Y.); (C.-W.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.C.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-781-1151 (ext. 6200) (C.-Y.C.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.C.); (Y.-N.C.)
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.C.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-781-1151 (ext. 6200) (C.-Y.C.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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