1
|
Stavgiannoudaki I, Goulielmaki E, Garinis GA. Broken strands, broken minds: Exploring the nexus of DNA damage and neurodegeneration. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 140:103699. [PMID: 38852477 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are primarily characterized by neuron loss progressively leading to cognitive decline and the manifestation of incurable and debilitating conditions, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Loss of genome maintenance causally contributes to age-related neurodegeneration, as exemplified by the premature appearance of neurodegenerative features in a growing family of human syndromes and mice harbouring inborn defects in DNA repair. Here, we discuss the relevance of persistent DNA damage, key DNA repair mechanisms and compromised genome integrity in age-related neurodegeneration highlighting the significance of investigating these connections to pave the way for the development of rationalized intervention strategies aimed at delaying the onset of neurodegenerative disorders and promoting healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Stavgiannoudaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evi Goulielmaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George A Garinis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Porrazzo A, Cassandri M, D'Alessandro A, Morciano P, Rota R, Marampon F, Cenci G. DNA repair in tumor radioresistance: insights from fruit flies genetics. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:717-732. [PMID: 38095764 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy (RT) is a key anti-cancer treatment that involves using ionizing radiation to kill tumor cells. However, this therapy can lead to short- and long-term adverse effects due to radiation exposure of surrounding normal tissue. The type of DNA damage inflicted by radiation therapy determines its effectiveness. High levels of genotoxic damage can lead to cell cycle arrest, senescence, and cell death, but many tumors can cope with this damage by activating protective mechanisms. Intrinsic and acquired radioresistance are major causes of tumor recurrence, and understanding these mechanisms is crucial for cancer therapy. The mechanisms behind radioresistance involve processes like hypoxia response, cell proliferation, DNA repair, apoptosis inhibition, and autophagy. CONCLUSION Here we briefly review the role of genetic and epigenetic factors involved in the modulation of DNA repair and DNA damage response that promote radioresistance. In addition, leveraging our recent results on the effects of low dose rate (LDR) of ionizing radiation on Drosophila melanogaster we discuss how this model organism can be instrumental in the identification of conserved factors involved in the tumor resistance to RT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Porrazzo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea D'Alessandro
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Morciano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Degli Studi dell'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), INFN, Assergi, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cenci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Siametis A, Stratigi K, Giamaki D, Chatzinikolaou G, Akalestou-Clocher A, Goulielmaki E, Luke B, Schumacher B, Garinis GA. Transcription stress at telomeres leads to cytosolic DNA release and paracrine senescence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4061. [PMID: 38744897 PMCID: PMC11094137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription stress has been linked to DNA damage -driven aging, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Tcea1-/- cells, which harbor a TFIIS defect in transcription elongation, exhibit RNAPII stalling at oxidative DNA damage sites, impaired transcription, accumulation of R-loops, telomere uncapping, chromatin bridges, and genome instability, ultimately resulting in cellular senescence. We found that R-loops at telomeres causally contribute to the release of telomeric DNA fragments in the cytoplasm of Tcea1-/- cells and primary cells derived from naturally aged animals triggering a viral-like immune response. TFIIS-defective cells release extracellular vesicles laden with telomeric DNA fragments that target neighboring cells, which consequently undergo cellular senescence. Thus, transcription stress elicits paracrine signals leading to cellular senescence, promoting aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Siametis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Stratigi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Despoina Giamaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany; Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Chatzinikolaou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexia Akalestou-Clocher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Evi Goulielmaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Brian Luke
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany; Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - George A Garinis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arvanitaki ES, Goulielmaki E, Gkirtzimanaki K, Niotis G, Tsakani E, Nenedaki E, Rouska I, Kefalogianni M, Xydias D, Kalafatakis I, Psilodimitrakopoulos S, Karagogeos D, Schumacher B, Stratakis E, Garinis GA. Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles trigger age-related neurodegeneration upon DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317402121. [PMID: 38635632 PMCID: PMC11047102 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317402121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage and neurodegenerative disorders are intimately linked but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that persistent DNA lesions in tissue-resident macrophages carrying an XPF-ERCC1 DNA repair defect trigger neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death in mice. We find that microglia accumulate dsDNAs and chromatin fragments in the cytosol, which are sensed thereby stimulating a viral-like immune response in Er1Cx/- and naturally aged murine brain. Cytosolic DNAs are packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are released from microglia and discharge their dsDNA cargo into IFN-responsive neurons triggering cell death. To remove cytosolic dsDNAs and prevent inflammation, we developed targeting EVs to deliver recombinant DNase I to Er1Cx/- brain microglia in vivo. We show that EV-mediated elimination of cytosolic dsDNAs is sufficient to prevent neuroinflammation, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and delay the onset of neurodegenerative symptoms in Er1Cx/- mice. Together, our findings unveil a causal mechanism leading to neuroinflammation and provide a rationalized therapeutic strategy against age-related neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ermioni S. Arvanitaki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71409, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Evi Goulielmaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Gkirtzimanaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - George Niotis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71409, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Edisona Tsakani
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71409, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Electra Nenedaki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71409, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Iliana Rouska
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71409, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Mary Kefalogianni
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71003, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR71110, Crete, Greece
| | - Dionysios Xydias
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR71110, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Ilias Kalafatakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
- Medical School, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Sotiris Psilodimitrakopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR71110, Crete, Greece
| | - Domna Karagogeos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
- Medical School, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne50931, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR71110, Crete, Greece
| | - George A. Garinis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71409, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu J, Yan C, Dodd T, Tsai CL, Tainer JA, Tsutakawa SE, Ivanov I. Dynamic conformational switching underlies TFIIH function in transcription and DNA repair and impacts genetic diseases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2758. [PMID: 37179334 PMCID: PMC10183003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is a protein assembly essential for transcription initiation and nucleotide excision repair (NER). Yet, understanding of the conformational switching underpinning these diverse TFIIH functions remains fragmentary. TFIIH mechanisms critically depend on two translocase subunits, XPB and XPD. To unravel their functions and regulation, we build cryo-EM based TFIIH models in transcription- and NER-competent states. Using simulations and graph-theoretical analysis methods, we reveal TFIIH's global motions, define TFIIH partitioning into dynamic communities and show how TFIIH reshapes itself and self-regulates depending on functional context. Our study uncovers an internal regulatory mechanism that switches XPB and XPD activities making them mutually exclusive between NER and transcription initiation. By sequentially coordinating the XPB and XPD DNA-unwinding activities, the switch ensures precise DNA incision in NER. Mapping TFIIH disease mutations onto network models reveals clustering into distinct mechanistic classes, affecting translocase functions, protein interactions and interface dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chunli Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Dodd
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chi-Lin Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John A Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Susan E Tsutakawa
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ivaylo Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kladova OA, Tyugashev TE, Mikushina ES, Kuznetsov NA, Novopashina DS, Kuznetsova AA. The Activity of Natural Polymorphic Variants of Human DNA Polymerase β Having an Amino Acid Substitution in the Transferase Domain. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091300. [PMID: 37174699 PMCID: PMC10177036 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain the integrity of the genome, there is a set of enzymatic systems, one of which is base excision repair (BER), which includes sequential action of DNA glycosylases, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases, DNA polymerases, and DNA ligases. Normally, BER works efficiently, but the enzymes themselves (whose primary function is the recognition and removal of damaged bases) are subject to amino acid substitutions owing to natural single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). One of the enzymes in BER is DNA polymerase β (Polβ), whose function is to fill gaps in DNA with complementary dNMPs. It is known that many SNPs can cause an amino acid substitution in this enzyme and a significant decrease in the enzymatic activity. In this study, the activity of four natural variants of Polβ, containing substitution E154A, G189D, M236T, or R254I in the transferase domain, was analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations and pre-steady-state kinetic analyses. It was shown that all tested substitutions lead to a significant reduction in the ability to form a complex with DNA and with incoming dNTP. The G189D substitution also diminished Polβ catalytic activity. Thus, a decrease in the activity of studied mutant forms may be associated with an increased risk of damage to the genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Kladova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Timofey E Tyugashev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena S Mikushina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita A Kuznetsov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Daria S Novopashina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Kuznetsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kladova OA, Tyugashev TE, Mikushina ES, Soloviev NO, Kuznetsov NA, Novopashina DS, Kuznetsova AA. Human Polβ Natural Polymorphic Variants G118V and R149I Affects Substate Binding and Catalysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065892. [PMID: 36982964 PMCID: PMC10051265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase β (Polβ) expression is essential for the cell's response to DNA damage that occurs during natural cellular processes. Polβ is considered the main reparative DNA polymerase, whose role is to fill the DNA gaps arising in the base excision repair pathway. Mutations in Polβ can lead to cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, or premature aging. Many single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified in the POLB gene, but the consequences of these polymorphisms are not always clear. It is known that some polymorphic variants in the Polβ sequence reduce the efficiency of DNA repair, thereby raising the frequency of mutations in the genome. In the current work, we studied two polymorphic variants (G118V and R149I separately) of human Polβ that affect its DNA-binding region. It was found that each amino acid substitution alters Polβ's affinity for gapped DNA. Each polymorphic variant also weakens its binding affinity for dATP. The G118V variant was found to greatly affect Polβ's ability to fill gapped DNA and slowed the catalytic rate as compared to the wild-type enzyme. Thus, these polymorphic variants seem to decrease the ability of Polβ to maintain base excision repair efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Kladova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Timofey E Tyugashev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena S Mikushina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita O Soloviev
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita A Kuznetsov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Daria S Novopashina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Kuznetsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ji S, Xiong M, Chen H, Liu Y, Zhou L, Hong Y, Wang M, Wang C, Fu X, Sun X. Cellular rejuvenation: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:116. [PMID: 36918530 PMCID: PMC10015098 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ageing process is a systemic decline from cellular dysfunction to organ degeneration, with more predisposition to deteriorated disorders. Rejuvenation refers to giving aged cells or organisms more youthful characteristics through various techniques, such as cellular reprogramming and epigenetic regulation. The great leaps in cellular rejuvenation prove that ageing is not a one-way street, and many rejuvenative interventions have emerged to delay and even reverse the ageing process. Defining the mechanism by which roadblocks and signaling inputs influence complex ageing programs is essential for understanding and developing rejuvenative strategies. Here, we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that counteract cell rejuvenation, and the targeted cells and core mechanisms involved in this process. Then, we critically summarize the latest advances in state-of-art strategies of cellular rejuvenation. Various rejuvenation methods also provide insights for treating specific ageing-related diseases, including cellular reprogramming, the removal of senescence cells (SCs) and suppression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), metabolic manipulation, stem cells-associated therapy, dietary restriction, immune rejuvenation and heterochronic transplantation, etc. The potential applications of rejuvenation therapy also extend to cancer treatment. Finally, we analyze in detail the therapeutic opportunities and challenges of rejuvenation technology. Deciphering rejuvenation interventions will provide further insights into anti-ageing and ageing-related disease treatment in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mingchen Xiong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huating Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiong Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Laixian Zhou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiyue Hong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Molecular targets that sensitize cancer to radiation killing: From the bench to the bedside. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114126. [PMID: 36521246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a standard cytotoxic therapy against solid cancers. It uses ionizing radiation to kill tumor cells through damage to DNA, either directly or indirectly. Radioresistance is often associated with dysregulated DNA damage repair processes. Most radiosensitizers enhance radiation-mediated DNA damage and reduce the rate of DNA repair ultimately leading to accumulation of DNA damages, cell-cycle arrest, and cell death. Recently, agents targeting key signals in DNA damage response such as DNA repair pathways and cell-cycle have been developed. This new class of molecularly targeted radiosensitizing agents is being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies to monitor their activity in potentiating radiation cytotoxicity of tumors and reducing normal tissue toxicity. The molecular pathways of DNA damage response are reviewed with a focus on the repair mechanisms, therapeutic targets under current clinical evaluation including ATM, ATR, CDK1, CDK4/6, CHK1, DNA-PKcs, PARP-1, Wee1, & MPS1/TTK and potential new targets (BUB1, and DNA LIG4) for radiation sensitization.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahmad S, Tan M, Hamid S. DNA repair mechanisms: Exploring potentials of nutraceutical. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
|
11
|
Acosta S, Canclini L, Marizcurrena JJ, Castro-Sowinski S, Hernández P. Photo-repair effect of a bacterial Antarctic CPD-photolyase on UVC-induced DNA lesions in human keratinocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:104001. [PMID: 36273708 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight induces oxidative DNA lesions and bipyrimidine photoproducts that can lead to photo-aging and skin carcinogenesis. CPD-photolyases are flavoproteins that repair cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers using blue light as an energy source. In the present work, we evaluated the photo-repair effect of the recombinant CPD-photolyase PhrAHym from the Antarctic bacterium Hymenobacter sp. UV11 on DNA lesions in human keratinocytes induced by UVC light. By performing immunochemistry assays we observed that PhrAHym repairs in a highly efficient way the CPD-photoproducts and reduces the γH2AX formation. Since this enzyme is non-cytotoxic and repairs UVC-induced DNA lesions in human keratinocytes, we propose that PhrAHym could be used as a biotherapeutic agent against UV-induced skin cancer, photoaging, and related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Acosta
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Canclini
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Juan José Marizcurrena
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Susana Castro-Sowinski
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Paola Hernández
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lou Y, Ye M, Xu C, Tao F. Insight into the physiological and pathological roles of USP44, a potential tumor target (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 24:455. [PMID: 36380875 PMCID: PMC9650596 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 44 (USP44) is a member of the ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) family and its functions in various biological processes have been gradually elucidated in recent years. USP44 targets multiple downstream factors and regulates multiple mechanisms through its deubiquitination activity. Ubiquitination is, in essence, a process in which a single ubiquitin molecule or a multiubiquitin chain binds to a substrate protein to form an isopeptide bond. Deubiquitination is the catalyzing of the isopeptide bonds between ubiquitin and substrate proteins through deubiquitylating enzymes. These two processes serve an important role in the regulation of the expression, conformation, localization and function of substrate proteins by regulating their binding to ubiquitin. Based on existing research, this paper summarized the current state of knowledge about USP44. The physiological roles of USP44 in various cellular events and its pathophysiological roles in different cancer types are evaluated and the therapeutic potential of USP44 for cancer treatment is evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Lou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China,Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Minfeng Ye
- Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyang Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China,Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Chaoyang Xu, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China,Professor Feng Tao, Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 568 Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arvanitaki ES, Stratigi K, Garinis GA. DNA damage, inflammation and aging: Insights from mice. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:973781. [PMID: 36160606 PMCID: PMC9490123 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.973781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Persistent DNA lesions build up with aging triggering inflammation, the body’s first line of immune defense strategy against foreign pathogens and irritants. Once established, DNA damage-driven inflammation takes on a momentum of its own, due to the amplification and feedback loops of the immune system leading to cellular malfunction, tissue degenerative changes and metabolic complications. Here, we discuss the use of murine models with inborn defects in genome maintenance and the DNA damage response for understanding how irreparable DNA lesions are functionally linked to innate immune signaling highlighting their relevance for developing novel therapeutic strategies against the premature onset of aging-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ermioni S. Arvanitaki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - George A. Garinis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Greece
- *Correspondence: George A. Garinis,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Polβ modulates the expression of type I interferon via STING pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 621:137-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
15
|
Yan C, Dodd T, Yu J, Leung B, Xu J, Oh J, Wang D, Ivanov I. Mechanism of Rad26-assisted rescue of stalled RNA polymerase II in transcription-coupled repair. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7001. [PMID: 34853308 PMCID: PMC8636621 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription-coupled repair is essential for the removal of DNA lesions from the transcribed genome. The pathway is initiated by CSB protein binding to stalled RNA polymerase II. Mutations impairing CSB function cause severe genetic disease. Yet, the ATP-dependent mechanism by which CSB powers RNA polymerase to bypass certain lesions while triggering excision of others is incompletely understood. Here we build structural models of RNA polymerase II bound to the yeast CSB ortholog Rad26 in nucleotide-free and bound states. This enables simulations and graph-theoretical analyses to define partitioning of this complex into dynamic communities and delineate how its structural elements function together to remodel DNA. We identify an allosteric pathway coupling motions of the Rad26 ATPase modules to changes in RNA polymerase and DNA to unveil a structural mechanism for CSB-assisted progression past less bulky lesions. Our models allow functional interpretation of the effects of Cockayne syndrome disease mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Yan
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Thomas Dodd
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jina Yu
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Bernice Leung
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Jun Xu
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Juntaek Oh
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Ivaylo Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chatzidoukaki O, Stratigi K, Goulielmaki E, Niotis G, Akalestou-Clocher A, Gkirtzimanaki K, Zafeiropoulos A, Altmüller J, Topalis P, Garinis GA. R-loops trigger the release of cytoplasmic ssDNAs leading to chronic inflammation upon DNA damage. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj5769. [PMID: 34797720 PMCID: PMC8604417 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
How DNA damage leads to chronic inflammation and tissue degeneration with aging remains to be fully resolved. Here, we show that DNA damage leads to cellular senescence, fibrosis, loss-of-tissue architecture, and chronic pancreatitis in mice with an inborn defect in the excision repair cross complementation group 1 (Ercc1) gene. We find that DNA damage-driven R-loops causally contribute to the active release and buildup of single-stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) in the cytoplasm of cells triggering a viral-like immune response in progeroid and naturally aged pancreata. To reduce the proinflammatory load, we developed an extracellular vesicle (EV)-based strategy to deliver recombinant S1 or ribonuclease H nucleases in inflamed Ercc1−/− pancreatic cells. Treatment of Ercc1−/− animals with the EV-delivered nuclease cargo eliminates DNA damage-induced R-loops and cytoplasmic ssDNAs alleviating chronic inflammation. Thus, DNA damage-driven ssDNAs causally contribute to tissue degeneration, Ercc1−/− paving the way for novel rationalized intervention strategies against age-related chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Chatzidoukaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Stratigi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Evi Goulielmaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Niotis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexia Akalestou-Clocher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Gkirtzimanaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pantelis Topalis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George A. Garinis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhuo Z, Miao L, Hua W, Chen H, Yang Z, Li Y, Zhang J, Li S, Cheng J, Li L, Xia H, He J. Genetic variations in nucleotide excision repair pathway genes and hepatoblastoma susceptibility. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1649-1658. [PMID: 34196959 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of hepatoblastoma is largely unknown due to the rarity of this disease. Nucleotide excision repair (NER), a versatile system in repairing DNA damage, is highly implicated in carcinogenesis. However, it remains unclear whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes in the NER pathway are related to hepatoblastoma risk. A total of 313 Chinese children diagnosed with hepatoblastoma and 1446 controls were recruited from seven hospitals across China. TaqMan assay was adopted to genotype 19 SNPs in NER pathway genes including ERCC1, XPA, XPC, XPD, XPF and XPG. Of them, only two SNPs in XPC gene predisposed to hepatoblastoma risk. The XPC rs2607775 polymorphism significantly contributed to hepatoblastoma risk (dominant model: adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.01-2.05, P = .046). However, XPC rs1870134 conferred a significantly decreased risk of hepatoblastoma in recessive model (adjusted OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.26-0.98, P = .042). Stratified analysis revealed that rs2607775 CG/GG genotype, rs1870134 CC genotype and four to five risk genotypes were associated with the risk of hepatoblastoma under certain subgroups. The significant relationships were confirmed by haplotype analyses and false-positive report probability analyses. In addition, expression quantitative trait locus analysis suggested that rs2607775 G increased expression of XPC mRNA. Collectively, our discover a promising candidate XPC gene as a biomarker for the risk of hepatoblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjian Zhuo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Miao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Hua
- Department of Central Laboratories, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huitong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghua Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Children Hospital and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiwen Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Li
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Huimin Xia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Antioxidant Activity of Spiranthes sinensis and Its Protective Effect against UVB-Induced Skin Fibroblast Damage. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiranthes sinensis (S. sinensis), a species of orchid, is a well-known herb medicine used to treat disorders such as stomachache, diabetes, shingles, and certain inflammatory diseases. Presently, the antioxidant activity of S. sinensis as well as its protective effect on UVB-induced skin injury are unclear. In this study, S. sinensis was extracted with boiling water or 75% (v/v) ethanol, and then its antioxidant composition and antioxidant activity were determined. The protective effects of S. sinensis against UVB-induced damage in human skin fibroblasts (CCD-966SK) were also investigated. Our data showed that the extraction yield of boiling water was higher than that of 75% ethanol. However, compared to the aqueous extracts, the ethanol extracts not only had higher phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents, but also exhibited higher free radical scavenging activity, higher reducing power, and higher ferrous ion-chelating capacity. When fibroblasts were pre-cultured with the water or ethanol extracts of S. sinensis (1500 μg/mL) for 24 h before applying UVB irradiation, the S. sinensis extracts restored 17% to 27% of cell viability compared to a control only irradiated with UVB. Overall, our study suggests that S. sinensis extracts can be used as effective antioxidants and have the potential to protect skin fibroblasts from UVB irradiation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kajitani GS, Nascimento LLDS, Neves MRDC, Leandro GDS, Garcia CCM, Menck CFM. Transcription blockage by DNA damage in nucleotide excision repair-related neurological dysfunctions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 114:20-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
20
|
The splicing factor XAB2 interacts with ERCC1-XPF and XPG for R-loop processing. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3153. [PMID: 34039990 PMCID: PMC8155215 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing, transcription and the DNA damage response are intriguingly linked in mammals but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using an in vivo biotinylation tagging approach in mice, we show that the splicing factor XAB2 interacts with the core spliceosome and that it binds to spliceosomal U4 and U6 snRNAs and pre-mRNAs in developing livers. XAB2 depletion leads to aberrant intron retention, R-loop formation and DNA damage in cells. Studies in illudin S-treated cells and Csbm/m developing livers reveal that transcription-blocking DNA lesions trigger the release of XAB2 from all RNA targets tested. Immunoprecipitation studies reveal that XAB2 interacts with ERCC1-XPF and XPG endonucleases outside nucleotide excision repair and that the trimeric protein complex binds RNA:DNA hybrids under conditions that favor the formation of R-loops. Thus, XAB2 functionally links the spliceosomal response to DNA damage with R-loop processing with important ramifications for transcription-coupled DNA repair disorders. XPA-binding protein (XAB)-2 is the human homologue of the yeast pre-mRNA splicing factor Syf1. Here the authors use an in vivo biotinylation tagging approach to show XAB2’s role in DNA repair, RNA splicing and transcription during mammalian development.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang Y, Mandemaker IK, Matsumoto S, Foreman O, Holland CP, Lloyd WR, Sugasawa K, Vermeulen W, Marteijn JA, Galardy PJ. USP44 Stabilizes DDB2 to Facilitate Nucleotide Excision Repair and Prevent Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663411. [PMID: 33937266 PMCID: PMC8085418 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a pathway involved in the repair of a variety of potentially mutagenic lesions that distort the DNA double helix. The ubiquitin E3-ligase complex UV-DDB is required for the recognition and repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) lesions through NER. DDB2 directly binds CPDs and subsequently undergoes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. DDB2 must remain on damaged chromatin, however, for sufficient time to recruit and hand-off lesions to XPC, a factor essential in the assembly of downstream repair components. Here we show that the tumor suppressor USP44 directly deubiquitinates DDB2 to prevent its premature degradation and is selectively required for CPD repair. Cells lacking USP44 have impaired DDB2 accumulation on DNA lesions with subsequent defects in XPC retention. The physiological importance of this mechanism is evident in that mice lacking Usp44 are prone to tumors induced by NER lesions introduced by DMBA or UV light. These data reveal the requirement for highly regulated ubiquitin addition and removal in the recognition and repair of helix-distorting DNA damage and identify another mechanism by which USP44 protects genomic integrity and prevents tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Imke K Mandemaker
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Oded Foreman
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christopher P Holland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Whitney R Lloyd
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kaoru Sugasawa
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Wim Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A Marteijn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul J Galardy
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Park YJ, Kim SH, Kim TS, Lee SM, Cho BS, Seo CI, Kim HD, Kim J. Ribosomal protein S3 associates with the TFIIH complex and positively regulates nucleotide excision repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3591-3606. [PMID: 33464383 PMCID: PMC11072392 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the bulky DNA adducts caused by ultraviolet radiation are mainly repaired via the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway; some defects in this pathway lead to a genetic disorder known as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3), a constituent of the 40S ribosomal subunit, is a multi-functional protein with various extra-ribosomal functions, including a role in the cellular stress response and DNA repair-related activities. We report that rpS3 associates with transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) via an interaction with the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) protein and complements its function in the NER pathway. For optimal repair of UV-induced duplex DNA lesions, the strong helicase activity of the TFIIH complex is required for unwinding damaged DNA around the lesion. Here, we show that XP-D cells overexpressing rpS3 showed markedly increased resistance to UV radiation through XPD and rpS3 interaction. Additionally, the knockdown of rpS3 caused reduced NER efficiency in HeLa cells and the overexpression of rpS3 partially restored helicase activity of the TFIIH complex of XP-D cells in vitro. We also present data suggesting that rpS3 is involved in post-excision processing in NER, assisting TFIIH in expediting the repair process by increasing its turnover rate when DNA is damaged. We propose that rpS3 is an accessory protein of the NER pathway and its recruitment to the repair machinery augments repair efficiency upon UV damage by enhancing XPD helicase function and increasing its turnover rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y J Park
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - S M Lee
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - B S Cho
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - C I Seo
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - H D Kim
- TechnoComplex Building, HAEL Lab, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - J Kim
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
- TechnoComplex Building, HAEL Lab, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhou C, Wang Y, He L, Zhu J, Li J, Tang Y, Zhou H, He J, Wu H. Association between NER pathway gene polymorphisms and neuroblastoma risk in an eastern Chinese population. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 20:3-11. [PMID: 33575466 PMCID: PMC7851491 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a common childhood malignancy. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) polymorphisms have been shown to influence cancer susceptibility by modifying DNA repair efficiency. To investigate the association of NER gene polymorphisms with neuroblastoma risk, we constructed a three-center case-control study. A total of 19 candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NER genes were analyzed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the associations. We identified five independent SNPs that were significantly associated with neuroblastoma risk, including XPA rs1800975 (dominant model: adjusted OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.55-0.98, p = 0.033), XPA rs3176752 (recessive model: adjusted OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.12-6.91, p = 0.028), XPD rs3810366 (dominant: adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.05-1.97, p = 0.022; recessive: adjusted OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.18-2.11, p = 0.002), XPD rs238406 (dominant: adjusted OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.48-0.84, p = 0.002; recessive: adjusted OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48-0.94, p = 0.021), and XPG rs2094258 (recessive: adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.03-2.04, p = 0.036). Stratified analysis was carried out. Furthermore, these findings were strengthened by false-positive report probability (FPRP) analysis and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis. In conclusion, our study indicates that five SNPs in NER genes are correlated with neuroblastoma susceptibility in the eastern Chinese population, providing novel insight into the genetic underpinnings of neuroblastoma. However, further large-scale studies are required to verify these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei 230051, Anhui, China
| | - Lili He
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Biobank, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinghang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingzi Tang
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
- Corresponding author: Jing He, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Corresponding author: Haiyan Wu, Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Siametis A, Niotis G, Garinis GA. DNA Damage and the Aging Epigenome. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:961-967. [PMID: 33494932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, genome instability and aging are intimately linked as illustrated by the growing list of patients with progeroid and animal models with inborn DNA repair defects. Until recently, DNA damage was thought to drive aging by compromising transcription or DNA replication, thereby leading to age-related cellular malfunction and somatic mutations triggering cancer. However, recent evidence suggests that DNA lesions also elicit widespread epigenetic alterations that threaten cell homeostasis as a function of age. In this review, we discuss the functional links of persistent DNA damage with the epigenome in the context of aging and age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Siametis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Niotis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George A Garinis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nastasi C, Mannarino L, D’Incalci M. DNA Damage Response and Immune Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7504. [PMID: 33053746 PMCID: PMC7588887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is the cause of numerous human pathologies including cancer, premature aging, and chronic inflammatory conditions. The DNA damage response (DDR), in turn, coordinates DNA damage checkpoint activation and promotes the removal of DNA lesions. In recent years, several studies have shown how the DDR and the immune system are tightly connected, revealing an important crosstalk between the two of them. This interesting interplay has opened up new perspectives in clinical studies for immunological diseases as well as for cancer treatment. In this review, we provide an overview, from cellular to molecular pathways, on how DDR and the immune system communicate and share the crucial commitment of maintaining the genomic fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nastasi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Maurizio D’Incalci
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lu WC, Xie H, Yuan C, Li JJ, Li ZY, Wu AH. Identification of potential biomarkers and candidate small molecule drugs in glioblastoma. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:419. [PMID: 32874133 PMCID: PMC7455906 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and aggressive primary brain tumor, and the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor. This study aimed to identify the key genes associated with the development of GBM and provide new diagnostic and therapies for GBM. Methods Three microarray datasets (GSE111260, GSE103227, and GSE104267) were selected from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for integrated analysis. The differential expressed genes (DEGs) between GBM and normal tissues were identified. Then, prognosis-related DEGs were screened by survival analysis, followed by functional enrichment analysis. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to explore the hub genes associated with GBM. The mRNA and protein expression levels of hub genes were respectively validated in silico using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. Subsequently, the small molecule drugs of GBM were predicted by using Connectivity Map (CMAP) database. Results A total of 78 prognosis-related DEGs were identified, of which10 hub genes with higher degree were obtained by PPI analysis. The mRNA expression and protein expression levels of CETN2, MKI67, ARL13B, and SETDB1 were overexpressed in GBM tissues, while the expression levels of CALN1, ELAVL3, ADCY3, SYN2, SLC12A5, and SOD1 were down-regulated in GBM tissues. Additionally, these genes were significantly associated with the prognosis of GBM. We eventually predicted the 10 most vital small molecule drugs, which potentially imitate or reverse GBM carcinogenic status. Cycloserine and 11-deoxy-16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 might be considered as potential therapeutic drugs of GBM. Conclusions Our study provided 10 key genes for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for GBM. These findings might contribute to a better comprehension of molecular mechanisms of GBM development, and provide new perspective for further GBM research. However, specific regulatory mechanism of these genes needed further elaboration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - Ce Yuan
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jin-Jiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - Zhao-Yang Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - An-Hua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Medaka ( Oryzias latipes) Embryo as a Model for the Screening of Compounds That Counteract the Damage Induced by Ultraviolet and High-Energy Visible Light. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165769. [PMID: 32796742 PMCID: PMC7460826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous overexposure to sunlight increases its harmful effects on the skin. For this reason, there is a growing need to characterize economic models more representative of the negative effects and counteracting responses that irradiation causes on human skin. These models will serve for the screening of protective compounds against damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) and high energy visible light (HEV). Therefore, two common in vitro models employed for sunlight irradiation studies, namely human keratinocyte HaCat culture and reconstructed human epidermis (RHE), were compared with the medaka fish embryo model, traditionally used in other scientific disciplines. Using suberythemal doses of UVA and HEV to determine the level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation and thymine dimers formed by UVB, we show that medaka embryo responds with a lower damage level, more comparable to human skin, than the other two models, probably due to the protective mechanisms that work in a complete organism. In the same way, the protective effects of antioxidant compounds have the greatest effect on medaka embryos. Taken together, these findings suggest that medaka embryos would be a good alternative in vitro model for sunlight effect studies, and for the screening of molecules with counteracting capacity against the damage caused by UV and HEV.
Collapse
|
28
|
Burgess JT, Rose M, Boucher D, Plowman J, Molloy C, Fisher M, O'Leary C, Richard DJ, O'Byrne KJ, Bolderson E. The Therapeutic Potential of DNA Damage Repair Pathways and Genomic Stability in Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1256. [PMID: 32850380 PMCID: PMC7399071 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of the disease and improved therapeutics, lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Therefore, an unmet need remains for improved treatments, especially in advanced stage disease. Genomic instability is a universal hallmark of all cancers. Many of the most commonly prescribed chemotherapeutics, including platinum-based compounds such as cisplatin, target the characteristic genomic instability of tumors by directly damaging the DNA. Chemotherapies are designed to selectively target rapidly dividing cells, where they cause critical DNA damage and subsequent cell death (1, 2). Despite the initial efficacy of these drugs, the development of chemotherapy resistant tumors remains the primary concern for treatment of all lung cancer patients. The correct functioning of the DNA damage repair machinery is essential to ensure the maintenance of normal cycling cells. Dysregulation of these pathways promotes the accumulation of mutations which increase the potential of malignancy. Following the development of the initial malignancy, the continued disruption of the DNA repair machinery may result in the further progression of metastatic disease. Lung cancer is recognized as one of the most genomically unstable cancers (3). In this review, we present an overview of the DNA damage repair pathways and their contributions to lung cancer disease occurrence and progression. We conclude with an overview of current targeted lung cancer treatments and their evolution toward combination therapies, including chemotherapy with immunotherapies and antibody-drug conjugates and the mechanisms by which they target DNA damage repair pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Burgess
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maddison Rose
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Didier Boucher
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer Plowman
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher Molloy
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Fisher
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Connor O'Leary
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Derek J Richard
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
A33512C and Intronic Poly(AT) Insertion/Deletion (PAT-/+) Polymorphisms of the XPC Gene and Their Association With the Risk of Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 20:e771-e777. [PMID: 32682659 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest that A33512C and intronic poly(AT) insertion/deletion (PAT-/+) polymorphisms of the XPC gene is associated with various types of malignancy. This case-control study aimed to determine the possible association between A33512C and PAT-/+ polymorphisms of the XPC gene and breast cancer (BC). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 200 women diagnosed with BC as cases and 200 ethnically matched healthy controls were genotyped for A33512C and PAT-/+ polymorphisms of the XPC gene by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and PCR methods, respectively. The possible association between XPC A33512C and PAT-/+ polymorphisms with the risk of BC were also analyzed. RESULTS PAT-/+ polymorphism of the XPC gene was significantly associated with increased risk of BC (P < .05), whereas there was no association between XPC A33512C polymorphism and BC (P > .05). The frequency of the XPC PAT+ allele in BC patients was significantly higher than those in healthy controls (odds ratio, 0.561; 95% confidence interval, 0.403-0.779; P < .05). The combined genotypes AC/PAT+/+ and CC/PAT+/+ were significantly associated with increased risk of BC. CONCLUSION The prevalence of XPC PAT+ allele was significantly higher in patients with high-tumor-stage disease compared to healthy controls. Overall, the significantly higher frequency of the PAT+ allele in the BC group compared to the control group may suggest an etiologic link between the presence of the PAT+ allele and the risk of BC.
Collapse
|
30
|
DNA Damage Response and Metabolic Reprogramming in Health and Disease. Trends Genet 2020; 36:777-791. [PMID: 32684438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear DNA damage contributes to cellular malfunction and the premature onset of age-related diseases, including cancer. Until recently, the canonical DNA damage response (DDR) was thought to represent a collection of nuclear processes that detect, signal and repair damaged DNA. However, recent evidence suggests that beyond nuclear events, the DDR rewires an intricate network of metabolic circuits, fine-tunes protein synthesis, trafficking, and secretion as well as balances growth with defense strategies in response to genotoxic insults. In this review, we discuss how the active DDR signaling mobilizes extranuclear and systemic responses to promote cellular homeostasis and organismal survival in health and disease.
Collapse
|
31
|
Tissue-infiltrating macrophages mediate an exosome-based metabolic reprogramming upon DNA damage. Nat Commun 2020; 11:42. [PMID: 31896748 PMCID: PMC6940362 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage and metabolic disorders are intimately linked with premature disease onset but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that persistent DNA damage accumulation in tissue-infiltrating macrophages carrying an ERCC1-XPF DNA repair defect (Er1F/−) triggers Golgi dispersal, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum, autophagy and exosome biogenesis leading to the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in vivo and ex vivo. Macrophage-derived EVs accumulate in Er1F/− animal sera and are secreted in macrophage media after DNA damage. The Er1F/− EV cargo is taken up by recipient cells leading to an increase in insulin-independent glucose transporter levels, enhanced cellular glucose uptake, higher cellular oxygen consumption rate and greater tolerance to glucose challenge in mice. We find that high glucose in EV-targeted cells triggers pro-inflammatory stimuli via mTOR activation. This, in turn, establishes chronic inflammation and tissue pathology in mice with important ramifications for DNA repair-deficient, progeroid syndromes and aging. DNA damage is associated with metabolic disorders, but the mechanism in unclear. Here, the authors show that persistent DNA damage induced by lack of the endonuclease XPF-ERCC1 triggers extracellular vesicle biogenesis in tissue infiltrating macrophages, and that vesicle uptake stimulates glucose uptake in recipient cells, leading to increased inflammation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Apostolou Z, Chatzinikolaou G, Stratigi K, Garinis GA. Nucleotide Excision Repair and Transcription-Associated Genome Instability. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800201. [PMID: 30919497 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transcription is a potential threat to genome integrity, and transcription-associated DNA damage must be repaired for proper messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis and for cells to transmit their genome intact into progeny. For a wide range of structurally diverse DNA lesions, cells employ the highly conserved nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway to restore their genome back to its native form. Recent evidence suggests that NER factors function, in addition to the canonical DNA repair mechanism, in processes that facilitate mRNA synthesis or shape the 3D chromatin architecture. Here, these findings are critically discussed and a working model that explains the puzzling clinical heterogeneity of NER syndromes highlighting the relevance of physiological, transcription-associated DNA damage to mammalian development and disease is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zivkos Apostolou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion GR71409, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgia Chatzinikolaou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Stratigi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - George A Garinis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion GR71409, Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Polyphenols: Major regulators of key components of DNA damage response in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 82:102679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
34
|
Zhang Y, Wu S, Zhou X, Huang F, Chen R, Wang Y, Wu J. Association between nucleotide excision repair gene polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22956. [PMID: 31568607 PMCID: PMC6805325 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleotide excision repair system removes a wide variety of DNA lesions from the human genome, and plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nucleotide excision repair are associated with the various forms of tumor susceptibility. However, the relationship between NER polymorphism and colorectal cancer is not clear. METHODS In this study, three candidate SNPs including ERCC4 (rs6498486), ERCC1 (rs3212986), and ERCC5 (rs17655) were analyzed in 1101colorectal cancer patients and 1175 healthy control patients from Jiangsu province (China). Then, we performed Immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and luciferase assay to determine the potential mechanisms. RESULTS The ERCC4 rs6498486 AC/CC genotypes show lower susceptibility to CRC than those carrying rs6498486 AA (Adjusted OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69-0.97). However, we did not observe any association between the colorectal cancer risk and the rs3212986(ERCC1) and rs17655(ERCC5) polymorphisms. Immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and luciferase assay revealed that rs6498486 A > C polymorphism in the ERCC4 promoter region could lessen the expression level of ERCC4 by impacting the binding ability of the transcription factor NF-kB, thereby affecting the transcription activity of the ERCC4 gene and decreased ERCC4 gene expression. CONCLUSION In brief, our finding demonstrated that ERCC4 rs6498486 serves as a potential biomarker of CRC susceptibility for the development of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- College of Life and Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenshen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiumei Zhou
- College of Life and Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life and Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiong Wu
- College of Life and Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jiangsu Normal university, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li C, Wong JTY. DNA Damage Response Pathways in Dinoflagellates. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E191. [PMID: 31284474 PMCID: PMC6680887 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7070191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellates are a general group of phytoplankton, ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Most dinoflagellates are non-obligate autotrophs, subjected to potential physical and chemical DNA-damaging agents, including UV irradiation, in the euphotic zone. Delay of cell cycles by irradiation, as part of DNA damage responses (DDRs), could potentially lead to growth inhibition, contributing to major errors in the estimation of primary productivity and interpretations of photo-inhibition. Their liquid crystalline chromosomes (LCCs) have large amount of abnormal bases, restricted placement of coding sequences at the chromosomes periphery, and tandem repeat-encoded genes. These chromosome characteristics, their large genome sizes, as well as the lack of architectural nucleosomes, likely contribute to possible differential responses to DNA damage agents. In this study, we sought potential dinoflagellate orthologues of eukaryotic DNA damage repair pathways, and the linking pathway with cell-cycle control in three dinoflagellate species. It appeared that major orthologues in photoreactivation, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, double-strand break repair and homologous recombination repair are well represented in dinoflagellate genomes. Future studies should address possible differential DNA damage responses of dinoflagellates over other planktonic groups, especially in relation to possible shift of life-cycle transitions in responses to UV irradiation. This may have a potential role in the persistence of dinoflagellate red tides with the advent of climatic change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongping Li
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Joseph Tin Yum Wong
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu J, Zheng B, Li Y, Yuan Y, Xing C. Genetic Polymorphisms of DNA Repair Pathways in Sporadic Colorectal Carcinogenesis. J Cancer 2019; 10:1417-1433. [PMID: 31031852 PMCID: PMC6485219 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair systems play a critical role in maintaining the integrity and stability of the genome, which mainly include base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), mismatch repair (MMR) and double-strand break repair (DSBR). The polymorphisms in different DNA repair genes that are mainly represented by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can potentially modulate the individual DNA repair capacity and therefore exert an impact on individual genetic susceptibility to cancer. Sporadic colorectal cancer arises from the colorectum without known contribution from germline causes or significant family history of cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. In recent years, emerging studies have investigated the association between polymorphisms of DNA repair system genes and sporadic CRC. Here, we review recent insights into the polymorphisms of DNA repair pathway genes, not only individual gene polymorphism but also gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ying Li
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Chengzhong Xing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chan CH, Chen CM, Lee YHW, You LR. DNA Damage, Liver Injury, and Tumorigenesis: Consequences of DDX3X Loss. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:555-566. [PMID: 30297359 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic roles of DEAD-box helicase 3, X-linked (DDX3X), including its functions in transcriptional and translational regulation, chromosome segregation, DNA damage, and cell growth control, have highlighted the association between DDX3X and tumorigenesis. However, mRNA transcripts and protein levels of DDX3X in patient specimens have shown the controversial correlations of DDX3X with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prevalence. In this study, generation of hepatocyte-specific Ddx3x-knockout mice revealed that loss of Ddx3x facilitates liver tumorigenesis. Loss of Ddx3x led to profound ductular reactions, cell apoptosis, and compensatory proliferation in female mutants at 6 weeks of age. The sustained phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γH2AX) and significant accumulation of DNA single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks in liver indicated that the replicative stress occurred in female mutants. Further chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that DDX3X bound to promoter regions and regulated the expression of DNA repair factors, DDB2 and XPA, to maintain genome stability. Loss of Ddx3x led to decreased levels of DNA repair factors, which contributed to an accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage, replication stress, and eventually, spontaneous liver tumors and DEN-induced HCCs in Alb-Cre/+;Ddx3xflox/flox mice. IMPLICATIONS: These data identify an important role of DDX3X in the regulation of DNA damage repair to protect against replication stress in liver and HCC development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsiang Chan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Chen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Hwa Wu Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ru You
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhu J, Fu W, Jia W, Xia H, Liu GC, He J. Association between NER Pathway Gene Polymorphisms and Wilms Tumor Risk. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:854-860. [PMID: 30161024 PMCID: PMC6118157 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is an essential mechanism of the body to defend against exogenous carcinogen-induced DNA damage. Defects in NER may impair DNA repair capacity and, therefore, increase genome instability and cancer susceptibility. To explore genetic predispositions to Wilms tumor, we conducted a case-control study totaling 145 neuroblastoma cases and 531 healthy controls. We systematically selected 19 potentially functional SNPs in six key genes within the NER pathway (ERCC1, XPA, XPC, XPD, XPF, and XPG). The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to measure the strength of associations. We identified significant associations between two XPD SNPs and Wilms tumor risk. The XPD rs3810366 polymorphism significantly enhanced Wilms tumor risk (dominant model: adjusted OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.26-3.57). Likewise, XPD rs238406 conferred a significantly increased risk for the disease (dominant model: adjusted OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.40-3.80; recessive model: adjusted OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.11-2.44). Moreover, online expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis demonstrated that these two polymorphisms significantly affected XPD gene expression in transformed fibroblast cells. Our study provides evidence of the association between the two XPD polymorphisms and Wilms tumor risk. However, these findings warrant validation in larger studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen Fu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Huimin Xia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Chang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Markiewicz E, Idowu OC. Involvement of the nuclear structural proteins in aging-related responses of human skin to the environmental stress. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018; 11:297-307. [PMID: 29928140 PMCID: PMC6003287 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s163792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human skin is a stratified endocrine organ with primary roles in protection against detrimental biochemical and biophysical factors in the environment. Environmental stress causes gradual accumulation of the macromolecular damage and clinical manifestations consistent with chronic inflammatory conditions and premature aging of the skin. Structural proteins of cell nucleus, the nuclear lamins and lamina-associated proteins, play an important role in the regulation of a number of signal transduction pathways associated with stress. The nuclear lamina proteins have been implicated in a number of degenerative disorders with frequent clinical manifestations of the skin conditions related to premature aging. Analysis of the molecular signatures in response of the skin to a range of damaging factors not only points at the likely involvement of the nuclear lamina in transmission of the signals between the environment and cell nucleus but also defines skin's sensitivity to stress, and therefore the capacities to counteract external damage in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Markiewicz
- Hexis Lab, Science Central, The Core, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Role of CTCF in DNA damage response. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 780:61-68. [PMID: 31395350 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed zinc finger protein. CTCF is a multifunctional protein, associated with a number of vital cellular processes such as transcriptional activation, repression, insulation, imprinting and genome organization. Emerging evidence indicates that CTCF is also involved in DNA damage response. In this review, we focus on the newly identified role of CTCF in facilitating DNA double-strand break repair. Due to the large number of cellular processes in which CTCF is involved, factors that functionally affect CTCF could have serious implications on genomic stability. It is becoming increasingly clear that exposure to environmental toxicants could have adverse effects on CTCF functions. Here we discuss the various ways that environmental toxicants could impact CTCF functions and the potential consequences on DNA damage response.
Collapse
|
41
|
Sas K, Szabó E, Vécsei L. Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and the Kynurenine System, with a Focus on Ageing and Neuroprotection. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010191. [PMID: 29342113 PMCID: PMC6017505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the potential causes of ageing are discussed. We seek to gain insight into the main physiological functions of mitochondria and discuss alterations in their function and the genome, which are supposed to be the central mechanisms in senescence. We conclude by presenting the potential modulating role of the kynurenine pathway in the ageing processes. Mitochondrial dynamics are supposed to have important physiological roles in maintaining cell homeostasis. During ageing, a decrease in mitochondrial dynamics was reported, potentially compromising the function of mitochondria. Mitochondrial biogenesis not only encompasses mitochondrial dynamics, but also the regulation of transcription and translation of genes, and mitochondria are supposed to play a prominent role in cell death during senescence. Defects in the mtDNA replication machinery and failure in the repair of mtDNA might result in the accumulation of mutations, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and bioenergetic failure of the cell. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ageing processes is widely acknowledged. Exaggerated oxidative damage to mDNA is supposed to take place during senescence, including single-nucleotide base alterations, nucleotide base pair alterations, chain breaks and cross linkage. A broad repertoire for the repair of DNA faults has evolved, but they do not function efficiently during senescence. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an enzyme that assists in DNA repair, i.e., it participates in the repair of single-stranded DNA nicks, initiating base excision repair (BER). In the case of extensive DNA damage, PARP-1 becomes overactivated and rapidly depletes the intracellular NAD+ and ATP pools. This results in a profound energy loss of the cell and leads to cell dysfunction, or even cell death. Alterations in the kynurenine system have been linked with ageing processes and several age-related disorders. The kynurenine pathway degrades tryptophan (TRP) to several metabolites, among others kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN). The end product of the route is NAD+. The first metabolic reaction is mediated by TRP-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) or indolamine-2,3-dioxygenases (IDO), the latter being induced by inflammation, and it is thought to have a significant role in several disorders and in ageing. Research is currently focusing on the KYN pathway, since several intermediates possess neuro- and immunoactive properties, and hence are capable of modulating the activity of certain brain cells and inflammatory responses. During ageing, and in many age-associated disorders like obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and neurodegenerative diseases, low-grade, sustained inflammation and upregulation of IDO have been reported. However, TRP downstream catabolites create a negative feedback loop by weakening the activated immune system through several actions, including a decline in the Th1 response and an enhancement of Th2-type processes. The broad actions of the KYN-intermediates in brain excitation/inhibition and their role in regulating immune responses may provide the possibility of modifying the pathological processes in an array of age-associated diseases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Sas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Elza Szabó
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
The Differential Expression of Core Genes in Nucleotide Excision Repair Pathway Indicates Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Prognosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9651320. [PMID: 29568775 PMCID: PMC5820669 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9651320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Nucleotide excision repair (NER) plays a critical role in maintaining genome integrity. This study aimed to investigate the expression of NER genes and their associations with colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Method Expressions of NER genes in CRC and normal tissues were analysed by ONCOMINE. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were downloaded to explore relationship of NER expression with clinicopathological parameters and survival of CRC. Results ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC5, and DDB2 were upregulated while ERCC4 was downregulated in CRC. For colon cancer, high ERCC3 expression was related to better T stage; ERCC5 expression indicated deeper T stage and distant metastasis; DDB2 expression suggested earlier TNM stage. For rectal cancer, ERCC2 expression correlated with favourable T stage; XPA expression predicted worse TNM stage. ERCC2 expression was associated with worse overall survival (OS) in colon cancer (HR = 1.53, P = 0.043). Colon cancer patients with high ERCC4 expression showed favorable OS in males (HR = 0.54, P = 0.035). High XPC expression demonstrated decreased death hazards in rectal cancer (HR = 0.40, P = 0.026). Conclusion ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC4, ERCC5, and DDB2 were differently expressed in CRC and normal tissues; ERCC2, ERCC3, ERCC5, XPA, and DDB2 correlated with clinicopathological parameters of CRC, while ERCC2, ERCC4, and XPC might predict CRC prognosis.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Although the links between defects in DNA repair and cancer are well established, an accumulating body of evidence suggests a series of functional links between genome maintenance pathways, lifespan regulation mechanisms and age-related diseases in mammals. Indeed, the growing number of DNA repair-deficient patients with progeria suggests that persistent DNA damage and genome caretakers are tightly linked to lifespan regulating circuits and age-related diseases. Here, we discuss the impact of irreparable DNA damage events in mammalian physiology highlighting the relevance of DNA repair factors in mammalian development and aging.
Collapse
|
44
|
Autophagic UVRAG Promotes UV-Induced Photolesion Repair by Activation of the CRL4(DDB2) E3 Ligase. Mol Cell 2017; 62:507-19. [PMID: 27203177 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UV-induced DNA damage, a major risk factor for skin cancers, is primarily repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER). UV radiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG) is a tumor suppressor involved in autophagy. It was initially isolated as a cDNA partially complementing UV sensitivity in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), but this was not explored further. Here we show that UVRAG plays an integral role in UV-induced DNA damage repair. It localizes to photolesions and associates with DDB1 to promote the assembly and activity of the DDB2-DDB1-Cul4A-Roc1 (CRL4(DDB2)) ubiquitin ligase complex, leading to efficient XPC recruitment and global genomic NER. UVRAG depletion decreased substrate handover to XPC and conferred UV-damage hypersensitivity. We confirmed the importance of UVRAG for UV-damage tolerance using a Drosophila model. Furthermore, increased UV-signature mutations in melanoma correlate with reduced expression of UVRAG. Our results identify UVRAG as a regulator of CRL4(DDB2)-mediated NER and suggest that its expression levels may influence melanoma predisposition.
Collapse
|
45
|
Tsekrekou M, Stratigi K, Chatzinikolaou G. The Nucleolus: In Genome Maintenance and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071411. [PMID: 28671574 PMCID: PMC5535903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus is the subnuclear membrane-less organelle where rRNA is transcribed and processed and ribosomal assembly occurs. During the last 20 years, however, the nucleolus has emerged as a multifunctional organelle, regulating processes that go well beyond its traditional role. Moreover, the unique organization of rDNA in tandem arrays and its unusually high transcription rates make it prone to unscheduled DNA recombination events and frequent RNA:DNA hybrids leading to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). If not properly repaired, rDNA damage may contribute to premature disease onset and aging. Deregulation of ribosomal synthesis at any level from transcription and processing to ribosomal subunit assembly elicits a stress response and is also associated with disease onset. Here, we discuss how genome integrity is maintained within nucleoli and how such structures are functionally linked to nuclear DNA damage response and repair giving an emphasis on the newly emerging roles of the nucleolus in mammalian physiology and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsekrekou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Kalliopi Stratigi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Georgia Chatzinikolaou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nucleotide excision repair is a potential therapeutic target in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2017; 32:111-119. [PMID: 28588253 PMCID: PMC5720937 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the development of novel drugs, alkylating agents remain an important component of therapy in multiple myeloma (MM). DNA repair processes contribute towards sensitivity to alkylating agents and therefore we here evaluate the role of nucleotide excision repair (NER), which is involved in the removal of bulky adducts and DNA crosslinks in MM. We first evaluated NER activity using a novel functional assay and observed a heterogeneous NER efficiency in MM cell lines and patient samples. Using next-generation sequencing data, we identified that expression of the canonical NER gene, excision repair cross-complementation group 3 (ERCC3), significantly impacted the outcome in newly diagnosed MM patients treated with alkylating agents. Next, using small RNA interference, stable knockdown and overexpression, and small-molecule inhibitors targeting xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group B (XPB), the DNA helicase encoded by ERCC3, we demonstrate that NER inhibition significantly increases sensitivity and overcomes resistance to alkylating agents in MM. Moreover, inhibiting XPB leads to the dual inhibition of NER and transcription and is particularly efficient in myeloma cells. Altogether, we show that NER impacts alkylating agents sensitivity in myeloma cells and identify ERCC3 as a potential therapeutic target in MM.
Collapse
|
47
|
Rieckher M, Bujarrabal A, Doll MA, Soltanmohammadi N, Schumacher B. A simple answer to complex questions: Caenorhabditis elegans as an experimental model for examining the DNA damage response and disease genes. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2781-2790. [PMID: 28463453 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The genetic information is constantly challenged by genotoxic attacks. DNA repair mechanisms evolved early in evolution and recognize and remove the various lesions. A complex network of DNA damage responses (DDR) orchestrates a variety of physiological adaptations to the presence of genome instability. Erroneous repair or malfunctioning of the DDR causes cancer development and the accumulation of DNA lesions drives the aging process. For understanding the complex DNA repair and DDR mechanisms it is pivotal to employ simple metazoan as model systems. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has become a well-established and popular experimental organism that allows dissecting genome stability mechanisms in dynamic and differentiated tissues and under physiological conditions. We provide an overview of the distinct advantages of the nematode system for studying DDR and provide a range of currently applied methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rieckher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arturo Bujarrabal
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus A Doll
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Najmeh Soltanmohammadi
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chatzinikolaou G, Apostolou Z, Aid-Pavlidis T, Ioannidou A, Karakasilioti I, Papadopoulos GL, Aivaliotis M, Tsekrekou M, Strouboulis J, Kosteas T, Garinis GA. ERCC1-XPF cooperates with CTCF and cohesin to facilitate the developmental silencing of imprinted genes. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:421-432. [PMID: 28368372 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inborn defects in DNA repair are associated with complex developmental disorders whose causal mechanisms are poorly understood. Using an in vivo biotinylation tagging approach in mice, we show that the nucleotide excision repair (NER) structure-specific endonuclease ERCC1-XPF complex interacts with the insulator binding protein CTCF, the cohesin subunits SMC1A and SMC3 and with MBD2; the factors co-localize with ATRX at the promoters and control regions (ICRs) of imprinted genes during postnatal hepatic development. Loss of Ercc1 or exposure to MMC triggers the localization of CTCF to heterochromatin, the dissociation of the CTCF-cohesin complex and ATRX from promoters and ICRs, altered histone marks and the aberrant developmental expression of imprinted genes without altering DNA methylation. We propose that ERCC1-XPF cooperates with CTCF and cohesin to facilitate the developmental silencing of imprinted genes and that persistent DNA damage triggers chromatin changes that affect gene expression programs associated with NER disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Chatzinikolaou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Zivkos Apostolou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, GR71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Tamara Aid-Pavlidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Anna Ioannidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, GR71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ismene Karakasilioti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Giorgio L Papadopoulos
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, GR71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', GR 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Michalis Aivaliotis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Tsekrekou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, GR71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - John Strouboulis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', GR 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Theodore Kosteas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George A Garinis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, GR71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Giordano CN, Yew YW, Spivak G, Lim HW. Understanding photodermatoses associated with defective DNA repair: Syndromes with cancer predisposition. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 75:855-870. [PMID: 27745641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary photodermatoses are a spectrum of rare photosensitive disorders that are often caused by genetic deficiency or malfunction of various components of the DNA repair pathway. This results clinically in extreme photosensitivity, with many syndromes exhibiting an increased risk of cutaneous malignancies. This review will focus specifically on the syndromes with malignant potential, including xeroderma pigmentosum, Bloom syndrome, and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. The typical phenotypic findings of each disorder will be examined and contrasted, including noncutaneous identifiers to aid in diagnosis. The management of these patients will also be discussed. At this time, the mainstay of therapy remains strict photoprotection; however, genetic therapies are under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yik Weng Yew
- Department of Dermatology, National Skin Centre, Singapore
| | - Graciela Spivak
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
A comprehensive look of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition strategies and future directions for cancer therapy. Future Med Chem 2016; 9:37-60. [PMID: 27995810 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The finding of promising drugs represents a huge challenge in cancer therapeutics, therefore it is important to seek out novel approaches and elucidate essential cellular processes in order to identify potential drug targets. Studies on DNA repair pathway suggested that an enzyme, PARP, which plays a significant role in DNA repair responses, could be targeted in cancer therapy. Hence, the efficacy of PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy has been investigated and has progressed from the laboratory to clinics, with olaparib having already been approved by the US FDA for ovarian cancer treatment. Here, we have discussed the development of PARP inhibitors, strategies to improve their selectivity and efficacy, including innovative combinational and synthetic lethality approaches to identify effective PARP inhibitors in cancer treatment.
Collapse
|