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Zhao N, Guo W, Li J, Wang H, Guo X. Rapid and accurate identification of yeast subspecies by MALDI-MS combined with a cell membrane disruption reagent. Food Chem 2024; 457:140102. [PMID: 38905823 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has been widely used for microbial analysis. However, due to the impenetrable shell of fungi the direct identification of fungi remains challenges. Targeting on this problem, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) was selected as a model fungus, and a new fungal cell membrane disruption reagent C18-G1 was used before MALDI-MS detection. As a result, much more intensive peaks which distributed in wider m/z range of S. cerevisiae have been identified in comparison with the use of traditional fungal pretreatment methods. Furthermore, a differential peak at m/z 4993 between two subspecies of S. cerevisiae has been identified. The corresponding protein with exclusive sequence of the specific peak was obtained based on MS/MS fragments and database searching. In addition, the method was successfully applied for the discrimination of four commercial yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Xinhua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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2
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Li Q, Xia Z, Wu Y, Ma Y, Zhang D, Wang S, Fan J, Xu P, Li X, Bai L, Zhou X, Xue M. Lysophospholipid acyltransferase-mediated formation of saturated glycerophospholipids maintained cell membrane integrity for hypoxic adaptation. FEBS J 2024; 291:3191-3210. [PMID: 38602252 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Adaptation to hypoxia has attracted much public interest because of its clinical significance. However, hypoxic adaptation in the body is complicated and difficult to fully explore. To explore previously unknown conserved mechanisms and key proteins involved in hypoxic adaptation in different species, we first used a yeast model for mechanistic screening. Further multi-omics analyses in multiple species including yeast, zebrafish and mice revealed that glycerophospholipid metabolism was significantly involved in hypoxic adaptation with up-regulation of lysophospholipid acyltransferase (ALE1) in yeast, a key protein for the formation of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine [DPPC (16:0/16:0)], which is a saturated phosphatidylcholine. Importantly, a mammalian homolog of ALE1, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1), enhanced DPPC levels at the cell membrane and exhibited the same protective effect in mammalian cells under hypoxic conditions. DPPC supplementation effectively attenuated growth restriction, maintained cell membrane integrity and increased the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor under hypoxic conditions, but unsaturated phosphatidylcholine did not. In agreement with these findings, DPPC treatment could also repair hypoxic injury of intestinal mucosa in mice. Taken together, ALE1/LPCAT1-mediated DPPC formation, a key pathway of glycerophospholipid metabolism, is crucial for cell viability under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, we found that ALE1 was also involved in glycolysis to maintain sufficient survival conditions for yeast. The present study offers a novel approach to understanding lipid metabolism under hypoxia and provides new insights into treating hypoxia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengchao Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxin Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingxiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Thomas-Dupont P, Izaguirre-Hernández IY, Roesch-Dietlen F, Grube-Pagola P, Reyes-Huerta J, Remes-Troche JM. Prevalence of Anti- Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Antibodies (ASCA) in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). A Case-control Study. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024; 58:483-486. [PMID: 37540063 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction that affects patients' quality. Recent research has shown variations in the mycobiome of individuals with IBS, particularly involving Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and its association with dysbiosis and visceral hypersensitivity. However, the role of Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) in IBS remains unclear, despite their significance as markers of disease severity in inflammatory bowel disease. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of ASCA in Mexican IBS patients compared with healthy controls (HCs) and determine whether these antibodies could help differentiate between IBS patients and healthy individuals. METHODS Serum samples from 400 IBS patients and 400 HC were analyzed. ASCA IgG levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IBS patients were further categorized into subtypes: constipation predominant (IBS-C), diarrhea predominant (IBS-D), and mixed (IBS-M). RESULTS Among the participants, 66 IBS patients (16.5%) and 63 HC (15.75%) tested positive for ASCA IgG. No significant difference was observed in ASCA IgG levels between the 2 groups ( P value: 0.8451). The prevalence of ASCA IgG positivity was 14.5% in IBS-C, 17.8% in IBS-D, and 15.9% in IBS-M. CONCLUSION Surprisingly, a high prevalence of ASCA IgG was found in the HC group in Mexico. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in ASCA IgG levels between IBS patients and controls. These findings suggest that ASCA is not useful as a discriminatory biomarker for distinguishing IBS patients from healthy individuals and cannot serve as a surrogate marker for visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Federico Roesch-Dietlen
- Digestive Physiology and Motility Lab. Medical Biological Research Institute. University of Veracruz
| | - Peter Grube-Pagola
- Digestive Physiology and Motility Lab. Medical Biological Research Institute. University of Veracruz
| | - Job Reyes-Huerta
- Digestive Physiology and Motility Lab. Medical Biological Research Institute. University of Veracruz
| | - José María Remes-Troche
- Digestive Physiology and Motility Lab. Medical Biological Research Institute. University of Veracruz
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4
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Gómez-Montalvo J, de Obeso Fernández Del Valle A, De la Cruz Gutiérrez LF, Gonzalez-Meljem JM, Scheckhuber CQ. Replicative aging in yeast involves dynamic intron retention patterns associated with mRNA processing/export and protein ubiquitination. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2024; 11:69-78. [PMID: 38414808 PMCID: PMC10897858 DOI: 10.15698/mic2024.02.816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) has yielded relevant insights into some of the basic mechanisms of organismal aging. Among these are genomic instability, oxidative stress, caloric restriction and mitochondrial dysfunction. Several genes are known to have an impact on the aging process, with corresponding mutants exhibiting short- or long-lived phenotypes. Research dedicated to unraveling the underlying cellular mechanisms can support the identification of conserved mechanisms of aging in other species. One of the hitherto less studied fields in yeast aging is how the organism regulates its gene expression at the transcriptional level. To our knowledge, we present the first investigation into alternative splicing, particularly intron retention, during replicative aging of S. cerevisiae. This was achieved by utilizing the IRFinder algorithm on a previously published RNA-seq data set by Janssens et al. (2015). In the present work, 44 differentially retained introns in 43 genes were identified during replicative aging. We found that genes with altered intron retention do not display significant changes in overall transcript levels. It was possible to functionally assign distinct groups of these genes to the cellular processes of mRNA processing and export (e.g., YRA1) in early and middle-aged yeast, and protein ubiquitination (e.g., UBC5) in older cells. In summary, our work uncovers a previously unexplored layer of the transcriptional program of yeast aging and, more generally, expands the knowledge on the occurrence of alternative splicing in baker's yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gómez-Montalvo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., México
| | | | | | - Jose Mario Gonzalez-Meljem
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., México
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5
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Zhao B, Guo Y, Sun R, Zhang L, Yang L, Mei X, Zhang L, Huang J. Quadrivalent hemagglutinin and adhesion expressed on Saccharomyces cerevisiae induce protective immunity against Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection and improve gut microbiota. Microb Pathog 2024; 187:106511. [PMID: 38168552 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection causes infectious respiratory diseases in poultry, causing economic losses to the poultry industry. Therefore, this study aims to develop a safe, convenient, and effective multivalent recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae vaccine candidate and to explore its potential for oral immunization as a subunit vaccine. Mycoplasma gallisepticum Cytadhesin (MGC) and variable lipoprotein and hemagglutinin (vlhA) are associated with the pathogenesis of MG. In this study, a quadrivalent recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ST1814G-MG) displaying on MGC2, MGC3, VLH5, and VLH3, proteins was innovatively constructed, and its protective efficiency was evaluated in birds. The results showed that oral immunization with ST1814G-MG stimulates specific antibodies in chickens, reshapes the composition of the gut microbiota, reduces the Mycoplasma loading and pulmonary disease injury in the lungs. In addition, we found that oral ST1814G-MG had better protection against MG infection than an inactivated vaccine, and co-administration with the inactivated vaccine was even more effective. The results suggest that ST1814G-MG is a potentially safer and effective agent for controlling MG infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiping Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Yanyu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Ruiqi Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Lilin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Xuefeng Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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6
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Ruiz J, de Celis M, Diaz‐Colunga J, Vila JCC, Benitez‐Dominguez B, Vicente J, Santos A, Sanchez A, Belda I. Predictability of the community-function landscape in wine yeast ecosystems. Mol Syst Biol 2023; 19:e11613. [PMID: 37548146 PMCID: PMC10495813 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202311613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Predictively linking taxonomic composition and quantitative ecosystem functions is a major aspiration in microbial ecology, which must be resolved if we wish to engineer microbial consortia. Here, we have addressed this open question for an ecological function of major biotechnological relevance: alcoholic fermentation in wine yeast communities. By exhaustively phenotyping an extensive collection of naturally occurring wine yeast strains, we find that most ecologically and industrially relevant traits exhibit phylogenetic signal, allowing functional traits in wine yeast communities to be predicted from taxonomy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the quantitative contributions of individual wine yeast strains to the function of complex communities followed simple quantitative rules. These regularities can be integrated to quantitatively predict the function of newly assembled consortia. Besides addressing theoretical questions in functional ecology, our results and methodologies can provide a blueprint for rationally managing microbial processes of biotechnological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ruiz
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Biology FacultyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
- Department of Microbial and Plant BiotechnologyCentre for Biological Research (CIB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Miguel de Celis
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Biology FacultyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
- Department of Soil, Plant and Environmental QualityInstitute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Juan Diaz‐Colunga
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of Microbial BiotechnologyNational Centre for Biotechnology (CNB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Jean CC Vila
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Belen Benitez‐Dominguez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Biology FacultyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Javier Vicente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Biology FacultyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Antonio Santos
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Biology FacultyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Alvaro Sanchez
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of Microbial BiotechnologyNational Centre for Biotechnology (CNB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Ignacio Belda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Biology FacultyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
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7
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Morard M, Pérez-Través L, Perpiñá C, Lairón-Peris M, Collado MC, Pérez-Torrado R, Querol A. Comparative genomics of infective Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains reveals their food origin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10435. [PMID: 37369738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are less studied than viral or bacterial infections and often more difficult to treat. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is usually identified as an innocuous human-friendly yeast; however, this yeast can be responsible for infections mainly in immunosuppressed individuals. S. cerevisiae is a relevant organism widely used in the food industry. Therefore, the study of food yeasts as the source of clinical infection is becoming a pivotal question for food safety. In this study, we demonstrate that S. cerevisiae strains cause infections to spread mostly from food environments. Phylogenetic analysis, genome structure analysis, and phenotypic characterization showed that the key sources of the infective strains are food products, such as bread and probiotic supplements. We observed that the adaptation to host infection can drive important phenotypic and genomic changes in these strains that could be good markers to determine the source of infection. These conclusions add pivotal evidence to reinforce the need for surveillance of food-related S. cerevisiae strains as potential opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Morard
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (IATA), CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Través
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (IATA), CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Perpiñá
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (IATA), CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Lairón-Peris
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (IATA), CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Collado
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (IATA), CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Pérez-Torrado
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (IATA), CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Querol
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (IATA), CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
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8
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Goodall DJ, Warecka D, Hawkins M, Rudolph CJ. Interplay between chromosomal architecture and termination of DNA replication in bacteria. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1180848. [PMID: 37434703 PMCID: PMC10331603 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1180848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful transmission of the genome from one generation to the next is key to life in all cellular organisms. In the majority of bacteria, the genome is comprised of a single circular chromosome that is normally replicated from a single origin, though additional genetic information may be encoded within much smaller extrachromosomal elements called plasmids. By contrast, the genome of a eukaryote is distributed across multiple linear chromosomes, each of which is replicated from multiple origins. The genomes of archaeal species are circular, but are predominantly replicated from multiple origins. In all three cases, replication is bidirectional and terminates when converging replication fork complexes merge and 'fuse' as replication of the chromosomal DNA is completed. While the mechanics of replication initiation are quite well understood, exactly what happens during termination is far from clear, although studies in bacterial and eukaryotic models over recent years have started to provide some insight. Bacterial models with a circular chromosome and a single bidirectional origin offer the distinct advantage that there is normally just one fusion event between two replication fork complexes as synthesis terminates. Moreover, whereas termination of replication appears to happen in many bacteria wherever forks happen to meet, termination in some bacterial species, including the well-studied bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, is more restrictive and confined to a 'replication fork trap' region, making termination even more tractable. This region is defined by multiple genomic terminator (ter) sites, which, if bound by specific terminator proteins, form unidirectional fork barriers. In this review we discuss a range of experimental results highlighting how the fork fusion process can trigger significant pathologies that interfere with the successful conclusion of DNA replication, how these pathologies might be resolved in bacteria without a fork trap system and how the acquisition of a fork trap might have provided an alternative and cleaner solution, thus explaining why in bacterial species that have acquired a fork trap system, this system is remarkably well maintained. Finally, we consider how eukaryotic cells can cope with a much-increased number of termination events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Goodall
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Christian J. Rudolph
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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9
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García-Ríos E, Guillamón JM. Genomic Adaptations of Saccharomyces Genus to Wine Niche. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091811. [PMID: 36144411 PMCID: PMC9500811 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine yeast have been exposed to harsh conditions for millennia, which have led to adaptive evolutionary strategies. Thus, wine yeasts from Saccharomyces genus are considered an interesting and highly valuable model to study human-drive domestication processes. The rise of whole-genome sequencing technologies together with new long reads platforms has provided new understanding about the population structure and the evolution of wine yeasts. Population genomics studies have indicated domestication fingerprints in wine yeast, including nucleotide variations, chromosomal rearrangements, horizontal gene transfer or hybridization, among others. These genetic changes contribute to genetically and phenotypically distinct strains. This review will summarize and discuss recent research on evolutionary trajectories of wine yeasts, highlighting the domestication hallmarks identified in this group of yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estéfani García-Ríos
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Department of Science, Universidad Internacional de Valencia-VIU, Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - José Manuel Guillamón
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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10
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Olguín V, Durán A, Las Heras M, Rubilar JC, Cubillos FA, Olguín P, Klein AD. Genetic Background Matters: Population-Based Studies in Model Organisms for Translational Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7570. [PMID: 35886916 PMCID: PMC9316598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We are all similar but a bit different. These differences are partially due to variations in our genomes and are related to the heterogeneity of symptoms and responses to treatments that patients exhibit. Most animal studies are performed in one single strain with one manipulation. However, due to the lack of variability, therapies are not always reproducible when treatments are translated to humans. Panels of already sequenced organisms are valuable tools for mimicking human phenotypic heterogeneities and gene mapping. This review summarizes the current knowledge of mouse, fly, and yeast panels with insightful applications for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Olguín
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (V.O.); (A.D.); (M.L.H.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Anyelo Durán
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (V.O.); (A.D.); (M.L.H.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Macarena Las Heras
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (V.O.); (A.D.); (M.L.H.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Juan Carlos Rubilar
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (V.O.); (A.D.); (M.L.H.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Francisco A. Cubillos
- Departamento de Biología, Santiago, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 7500565, Chile
| | - Patricio Olguín
- Program in Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Neurosciences Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Andrés D. Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (V.O.); (A.D.); (M.L.H.); (J.C.R.)
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11
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Cai P, Han M, Zhang R, Ding S, Zhang D, Liu D, Liu S, Hu QN. SynBioStrainFinder: A microbial strain database of manually curated CRISPR/Cas genetic manipulation system information for biomanufacturing. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:87. [PMID: 35568950 PMCID: PMC9107733 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial strain information databases provide valuable data for microbial basic research and applications. However, they rarely contain information on the genetic operating system of microbial strains. RESULTS We established a comprehensive microbial strain database, SynBioStrainFinder, by integrating CRISPR/Cas gene-editing system information with cultivation methods, genome sequence data, and compound-related information. It is presented through three modules, Strain2Gms/PredStrain2Gms, Strain2BasicInfo, and Strain2Compd, which combine to form a rapid strain information query system conveniently curated, integrated, and accessible on a single platform. To date, 1426 CRISPR/Cas gene-editing records of 157 microbial strains have been manually extracted from the literature in the Strain2Gms module. For strains without established CRISPR/Cas systems, the PredStrain2Gms module recommends the system of the most closely related strain as a reference to facilitate the construction of a new CRISPR/Cas gene-editing system. The database contains 139,499 records of strain cultivation and genome sequences, and 773,298 records of strain-related compounds. To facilitate simple and intuitive data application, all microbial strains are also labeled with stars based on the order and availability of strain information. SynBioStrainFinder provides a user-friendly interface for querying, browsing, and visualizing detailed information on microbial strains, and it is publicly available at http://design.rxnfinder.org/biosynstrain/ . CONCLUSION SynBioStrainFinder is the first microbial strain database with manually curated information on the strain CRISPR/Cas system as well as other microbial strain information. It also provides reference information for the construction of new CRISPR/Cas systems. SynBioStrainFinder will serve as a useful resource to extend microbial strain research and application for biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengli Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengying Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | | | - Dachuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dongliang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qian-Nan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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12
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Pretorius IS. Visualizing the next frontiers in wine yeast research. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:foac010. [PMID: 35175339 PMCID: PMC8916113 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of game-changing biodigital and biodesign technologies are coming of age all around us, transforming our world in complex ways that are hard to predict. Not a day goes by without news of how data-centric engineering, algorithm-driven modelling, and biocyber technologies-including the convergence of artificial intelligence, machine learning, automated robotics, quantum computing, and genome editing-will change our world. If we are to be better at expecting the unexpected in the world of wine, we need to gain deeper insights into the potential and limitations of these technological developments and advances along with their promise and perils. This article anticipates how these fast-expanding bioinformational and biodesign toolkits might lead to the creation of synthetic organisms and model systems, and ultimately new understandings of biological complexities could be achieved. A total of four future frontiers in wine yeast research are discussed in this article: the construction of fully synthetic yeast genomes, including minimal genomes; supernumerary pan-genome neochromosomes; synthetic metagenomes; and synthetic yeast communities. These four concepts are at varying stages of development with plenty of technological pitfalls to overcome before such model chromosomes, genomes, strains, and yeast communities could illuminate some of the ill-understood aspects of yeast resilience, fermentation performance, flavour biosynthesis, and ecological interactions in vineyard and winery settings. From a winemaker's perspective, some of these ideas might be considered as far-fetched and, as such, tempting to ignore. However, synthetic biologists know that by exploring these futuristic concepts in the laboratory could well forge new research frontiers to deepen our understanding of the complexities of consistently producing fine wines with different fermentation processes from distinctive viticultural terroirs. As the saying goes in the disruptive technology industry, it take years to create an overnight success. The purpose of this article is neither to glorify any of these concepts as a panacea to all ills nor to crucify them as a danger to winemaking traditions. Rather, this article suggests that these proposed research endeavours deserve due consideration because they are likely to cast new light on the genetic blind spots of wine yeasts, and how they interact as communities in vineyards and wineries. Future-focussed research is, of course, designed to be subject to revision as new data and technologies become available. Successful dislodging of old paradigms with transformative innovations will require open-mindedness and pragmatism, not dogmatism-and this can make for a catch-22 situation in an archetypal traditional industry, such as the wine industry, with its rich territorial and socio-cultural connotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Pretorius
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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13
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Milner E, Stevens B, An M, Lam V, Ainsworth M, Dihle P, Stearns J, Dombrowski A, Rego D, Segars K. Utilizing Probiotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689958. [PMID: 34434175 PMCID: PMC8381467 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are heavily advertised to promote a healthy gastrointestinal tract and boost the immune system. This review article summarizes the history and diversity of probiotics, outlines conventional in vitro assays and in vivo models, assesses the pharmacologic effects of probiotic and pharmaceutical co-administration, and the broad impact of clinical probiotic utilization for gastrointestinal disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Milner
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Benjamin Stevens
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Martino An
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Victoria Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Michael Ainsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Preston Dihle
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Jocelyn Stearns
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Andrew Dombrowski
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Rego
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Katharine Segars
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
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14
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Afonso M, Mestre AR, Silva G, Almeida AC, Cunha RA, Meyer-Fernandes JR, Gonçalves T, Rodrigues L. Candida Extracellular Nucleotide Metabolism Promotes Neutrophils Extracellular Traps Escape. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:678568. [PMID: 34327150 PMCID: PMC8313894 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.678568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host innate immunity is fundamental to the resistance against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata infection, two of the most important agents contributing to human fungal infections. Phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils, constitute the first line of host defense mechanisms, and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent an important strategy to immobilize and to kill invading microorganisms, arresting the establishment of infection. The purinergic system operates an important role in the homeostasis of immunity and inflammation, and ectophosphatase and ectonucleotidase activities are recognized as essential for survival strategies and infectious potential of several pathogens. The expression and unique activity of a 3′-nucleotidase/nuclease (3′NT/NU), able to hydrolyze not only AMP but also nucleic acids, has been considered as part of a possible mechanism of microbes to escape from NETs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if yeasts escape from the NET-mediated killing through their 3′NT/NU enzymatic activity contributing to NET-hydrolysis. After demonstrating the presence of 3′NT/NU activity in C. albicans, C. glabrata, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we show that, during neutrophils-Candida interaction, when NETs formation and release are triggered, NETs digestion occurs and this process of NETs disruption promoted by yeast cells was prevented by ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM), a 3′NT/NU inhibitor. In conclusion, although the exact nature and specificity of yeasts ectonucleotidases are not completely unraveled, we highlight the importance of these enzymes in the context of infection, helping yeasts to overcome host defenses, whereby C. albicans and C. glabrata can escape NET-mediate killing through their 3′NT/NU activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Afonso
- Medical Microbiology Research Group, CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Mestre
- Medical Microbiology Research Group, CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Silva
- Medical Microbiology Research Group, CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Almeida
- Medical Microbiology Research Group, CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Purines at CNC - Neuromodulation Group, CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Teresa Gonçalves
- Medical Microbiology Research Group, CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lisa Rodrigues
- Medical Microbiology Research Group, CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Pretorius IS. Tasting the terroir of wine yeast innovation. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 20:5674549. [PMID: 31830254 PMCID: PMC6964221 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine is an archetypal traditional fermented beverage with strong territorial and socio-cultural connotations. Its 7000 year history is patterned by a tradition of innovation. Every value-adding innovation − whether in the vineyard, winery, supply chain or marketplace − that led to the invention of a new tradition spurred progress and created a brighter future from past developments. In a way, wine traditions can be defined as remembered innovations from the distant past − inherited knowledge and wisdom that withstood the test of time. Therefore, it should not be assumed a priori that tradition and innovation are polar opposites. The relations between the forces driven by the anchors of tradition and the wings of innovation do not necessarily involve displacement, conflict or exclusiveness. Innovation can strengthen wine tradition, and the reinvention of a tradition-bound practice, approach or concept can foster innovation. In cases where a paradigm-shifting innovation disrupts a tradition, the process of such an innovation transitioning into a radically new tradition can become protracted while proponents of divergent opinions duke it out. Sometimes these conflicting opinions are based on fact, and sometimes not. The imperfections of such a debate between the ‘ancients’ and the ‘moderns’ can, from time to time, obscure the line between myth and reality. Therefore, finding the right balance between traditions worth keeping and innovations worth implementing can be complex. The intent here is to harness the creative tension between science fiction and science fact when innovation's first-principles challenge the status quo by re-examining the foundational principles about a core traditional concept, such as terroir. Poignant questions are raised about the importance of the terroir (biogeography) of yeasts and the value of the microbiome of grapes to wine quality. This article imagines a metaphorical terroir free from cognitive biases where diverse perspectives can converge to uncork the effervescent power of territorial yeast populations as well as ‘nomadic’ yeast starter cultures. At the same time, this paper also engages in mental time-travel. A future scenario is imagined, explored, tested and debated where terroir-less yeast avatars are equipped with designer genomes to safely and consistently produce, individually or in combination with region-specific wild yeasts and or other starter cultures, high-quality wine according to the preferences of consumers in a range of markets. The purpose of this review is to look beyond the horizon and to synthesize a link between what we know now and what could be. This article informs readers where to look without suggesting what they must see as a way forward. In the context of one of the world's oldest fermentation industries − steeped in a rich history of tradition and innovation − the mantra here is: respect the past, lead the present and secure the future of wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Pretorius
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, 19 Eastern Road, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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16
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Ruiz J, de Celis M, de Toro M, Mendes-Ferreira A, Rauhut D, Santos A, Belda I. Phenotypic and transcriptional analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during wine fermentation in response to nitrogen nutrition and co-inoculation with Torulaspora delbrueckii. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109663. [PMID: 33233242 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen content of grape musts strongly impacts on fermentation performance and wine metabolite production. As nitrogen is a limiting nutrient in most grape musts, nitrogen supplementation is a common practice that ensures yeast growth during fermentation. However, preferred nitrogen sources -as ammonium- repress the genes related to alternative nitrogen sources consumption, usually involved in aromatic compounds production. Here, we describe the effect of high ammonium doses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation performance and wine properties, and how it is affected by yeast co-inoculation in mixed (S. cerevisiae + Torulaspora delbrueckii) fermentations. In addition, an RNA-seq analysis allowed us to study the S. cerevisiae transcriptional response to ammonium nutrition and yeast interaction, demonstrating that T. delbrueckii presence affects the global S. cerevisiae transcriptional response, reducing ammonium effects at both phenotypic -fermentation kinetics and metabolite production- and transcriptional levels, under experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ruiz
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Unit of Microbiology, Biology Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel de Celis
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Unit of Microbiology, Biology Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María de Toro
- Plataforma de Genómica y Bioinformática, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Ana Mendes-Ferreira
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - Doris Rauhut
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Antonio Santos
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Unit of Microbiology, Biology Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Belda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Unit of Microbiology, Biology Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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