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Panzenhagen AC, Petry FDS, Alves-Teixeira A, Santos L, Carazza-Kessler FG, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF. Biomarkers of methylmercury neurotoxicity and neurodevelopmental features: A systematic review. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 191:114851. [PMID: 38986832 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The issue of MeHg contamination is a significant concern due to its detrimental impact on the environment. This study aimed to thoroughly investigate the effects of MeHg on neurodevelopmental biomarkers, as there is a lack of systematic reviews in this area. We conducted a comprehensive search of three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) and found 522 records, which were then meticulously reviewed by two independent reviewers. A total of 66 studies were included, with biomarkers related to oxidative stress, neurotransmission, inflammation, epigenetics, and apoptosis being the most prominent. The results of both in vitro and in vivo models indicate that antioxidant enzymes and other oxidative stress-related markers are indeed, altered following MeHg exposure. Moreover, MeHg exposure causes significant disruptions to neurotransmitter levels, activities of neurotransmitter synthesis enzymes, receptor densities, and proteins involved in synaptic function. Proinflammatory biomarkers are consistently overexpressed in both MeHg-treated cells and the brains of exposed rats. Furthermore, studies on DNA methylation and biomarker activity suggest that MeHg exposure may lead to neurotoxicity and neurodevelopmental issues via perturbations to epigenetic markers and the apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Castro Panzenhagen
- Centro de Estudos Em Estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Dos Santos Petry
- Centro de Estudos Em Estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexsander Alves-Teixeira
- Centro de Estudos Em Estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santos
- Centro de Estudos Em Estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flávio Gabriel Carazza-Kessler
- Centro de Estudos Em Estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de Estudos Em Estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos Em Estresse Oxidativo, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Yang B, Yin C, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Jiang Y, Bai Y, Qian H, Xing G, Wang S, Li F, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Cai J, Aschner M, Lu R. Curcumin protects against methylmercury-induced cytotoxicity in primary rat astrocytes by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway independently of PKCδ. Toxicology 2019; 425:152248. [PMID: 31330227 PMCID: PMC6710134 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that leads to long-lasting neurological deficits in animals and humans. Curcumin, a polyphenol obtained from the rhizome of turmeric, has well-known antioxidant functions. Here, we evaluated curcumin's efficacy in mitigating MeHg-induced cytotoxicity and further investigated the underlying mechanism of this neuroprotection in primary rat astrocytes. Pretreatment with curcumin (2, 5, 10 and 20 μM for 3, 6, 12 or 24 h) protected against MeHg-induced (5 μM for 6 h) cell death in a time and dose-dependent manner. Curcumin (2, 5, 10 or 20 μM) pretreatment for 12 h significantly ameliorated the MeHg-induced astrocyte injury and oxidative stress, as evidenced by morphological alterations, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels. Moreover, curcumin pretreatment increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation and downstream enzyme expression, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH quinone reductase-1 (NQO1). Knockdown of Nrf2 with siRNA attenuated the protective effect of curcumin against MeHg-induced cell death. However, both the pan-protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, Ro 31-8220, and the selective PKCδ inhibitor, rottlerin, failed to suppress the curcumin-activated Nrf2/Antioxidant Response Element(ARE) pathway and attenuate the protection exerted by curcumin. Taken together, these findings confirm that curcumin protects against MeHg-induced neurotoxicity by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway and this protection is independent of PKCδ activation. More studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of curcumin cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Changsheng Yin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yuanyue Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hai Qian
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Guangwei Xing
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiyang Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550-1106, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Center for Experimental Research, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215132, China.
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3
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Hou L, Zhou X, Gan F, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Qian G, Huang K. Combination of Selenomethionine and N-Acetylcysteine Alleviates the Joint Toxicities of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A by ERK MAPK Signal Pathway in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5913-5923. [PMID: 29799741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) could trigger joint immune toxicity. Little is known about the combined effects of selenomethionine (SeMet) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the joint toxicities of the two toxins. In this study, results showed that SeMet or NAC alone or in combination significantly alleviated the downswing of cell viability, glutathione production, and phagorytosis induced by AFB1 and OTA in porcine alveolar macrophages. The uptrend of lactate dehydrogenase activities, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species levels, and the relative mRNA of inflammatory cytokines triggered by the two toxins was decreased. Combination of them was more effective than single application. Knockdown of p38, c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) via use of the corresponding specific siRNA could alleviate the joint toxicities of AFB1 and OTA. However, the ERK but not p38 or JNK pathway was involved in the protection of SeMet and NAC against the immunotoxicity. In conclusion, combination of SeMet and NAC might be a new therapeutic orientation for preventing the joint toxicities induced by AFB1 and OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Fang Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Yajiao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Gang Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu Province , China
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Bjørklund G, Dadar M, Mutter J, Aaseth J. The toxicology of mercury: Current research and emerging trends. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:545-554. [PMID: 28889024 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a persistent bio-accumulative toxic metal with unique physicochemical properties of public health concern since their natural and anthropogenic diffusions still induce high risk to human and environmental health. The goal of this review was to analyze scientific literature evaluating the role of global concerns over Hg exposure due to human exposure to ingestion of contaminated seafood (methyl-Hg) as well as elemental Hg levels of dental amalgam fillings (metallic Hg), vaccines (ethyl-Hg) and contaminated water and air (Hg chloride). Mercury has been recognized as a neurotoxicant as well as immunotoxic and designated by the World Health Organization as one of the ten most dangerous chemicals to public health. It has been shown that the half-life of inorganic Hg in human brains is several years to several decades. Mercury occurs in the environment under different chemical forms as elemental Hg (metallic), inorganic and organic Hg. Despite the raising understanding of the Hg toxicokinetics, there is still fully justified to further explore the emerging theories about its bioavailability and adverse effects in humans. In this review, we describe current research and emerging trends in Hg toxicity with the purpose of providing up-to-date information for a better understanding of the kinetics of this metal, presenting comprehensive knowledge on published data analyzing its metabolism, interaction with other metals, distribution, internal doses and targets, and reservoir organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust and Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Selenocystine against methyl mercury cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:147. [PMID: 28273949 PMCID: PMC5428050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl mercury (MeHg) is a highly toxic substance and the effect of selenium against MeHg toxicity is a hot topic. Until now, no related works have been reported from the view of the point of elemental speciation which is promising to study the mechanism at the molecular level. In this work, to reveal the effect of selenocystine (SeCys2) against MeHg cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, a comprehensive analytical platform for speciation study of mercury and selenium in MeHg incubated or MeHg and SeCys2 co-incubated HepG2 cells was developed by integrating liquid chromatography (LC) - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) hyphenated techniques and chip-based pretreatment method. Interesting phenomenon was found that the co-incubation of MeHg with SeCys2 promoted the uptake of MeHg in HepG2 cells, but reduced the cytotoxicity of MeHg. Results obtained by ICP-MS based hyphenated techniques revealed a possible pathway for the incorporation and excretion of mercury species with the coexistence of SeCys2. The formation of MeHg and SeCys2 aggregation promotes the uptake of MeHg; majority of MeHg transforms into small molecular complexes (MeHg-glutathione (GSH) and MeHg-cysteine (Cys)) in HepG2 cells; and MeHg-GSH is the elimination species which results in reducing the cytotoxicity of MeHg.
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Yang T, Xu Z, Liu W, Feng S, Li H, Guo M, Deng Y, Xu B. Alpha-lipoic acid reduces methylmercury-induced neuronal injury in rat cerebral cortex via antioxidation pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:931-943. [PMID: 27298056 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg), an extremely dangerous environmental pollutant, accumulating preferentially in central nervous system, causes a series of cytotoxic effects. The present study explored the mechanisms which contribute to MeHg-induced neurotoxicity focusing on the oxidative stress in rat cerebral cortex. In addition, the protective effects of alpha-lipoic acid (LA), a potent antioxidant on MeHg-mediated neuronal injury, was also investigated in current study. A MeHg poisoning model was established as 64 rats randomly divided into 4 groups of which saline control group, MeHg-treated groups (4 and 12 μmol kg-1 ), and LA pretreatment (35 μmol kg-1 ) group, respectively. After administration of 12 μmol kg-1 MeHg for 4 weeks, it was found that obvious pathological changes and apoptosis in neuronal cells. Meanwhile, total Hg levels elevated significantly, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and gluthathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were inhibited, and ROS formation elevated, which might be critical to aggravate oxidative stress in cerebral cortex. In addition, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways were activated, as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit (γ-GCSh) expressions were up-regulated obviously by MeHg exposure. Moreover, activities of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -ATPase were inhibited, leading to intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) overload. LA pre-treatment partially reduced MeHg neurotoxic effects via anti-oxidation pathways. In conclusion, these findings clearly indicated that MeHg aggravated oxidative stress and Ca2+ overload in cerebral cortex. LA possesses the ability to prevent MeHg neurotoxicity through its anti-oxidative properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 931-943, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Feng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixin Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
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Matsukawa T, Hasegawa H, Goto H, Shinohara Y, Shinohara A, Omori Y, Ichida K, Yokoyama K. Evaluation of the metabolic chiral inversion of d-selenomethionine in rats by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 116:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Krey A, Ostertag SK, Chan HM. Assessment of neurotoxic effects of mercury in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas), ringed seals (Pusa hispida), and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the Canadian Arctic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 509-510:237-247. [PMID: 24958011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine mammals are indicator species of the Arctic ecosystem and an integral component of the traditional Inuit diet. The potential neurotoxic effects of increased mercury (Hg) in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas), ringed seals (Pusa hispida), and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are not clear. We assessed the risk of Hg-associated neurotoxicity to these species by comparing their brain Hg concentrations with threshold concentrations for toxic endpoints detected in laboratory animals and field observations: clinical symptoms (>6.75 mg/kg wet weight (ww)), neuropathological signs (>4 mg/kg ww), neurochemical changes (>0.4 mg/kg ww), and neurobehavioral changes (>0.1mg/kg ww). The total Hg (THg) concentrations in the cerebellum and frontal lobe of ringed seals and polar bears were <0.5mg/kg ww, whereas the average concentration in beluga whale brain was >3mg/kg ww. Our results suggest that brain THg levels in polar bears are below levels that induce neurobehavioral effects as reported in the literature, while THg concentrations in ringed seals are within the range that elicit neurobehavioral effects and individual ringed seals exceed the threshold for neurochemical changes. The relatively high THg concentration in beluga whales exceeds all of the neurotoxicity thresholds assessed. High brain selenium (Se):Hg molar ratios were observed in all three species, suggesting that Se could protect the animals from Hg-associated neurotoxicity. This assessment was limited by several factors that influence neurotoxic effects in animals, including: animal species; form of Hg in the brain; and interactions with modifiers of Hg-associated toxicity, such as Se. Comparing brain Hg concentrations in wildlife with concentrations of appropriate laboratory studies can be used as a tool for risk characterization of the neurotoxic effects of Hg in Arctic marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Krey
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada.
| | - Sonja K Ostertag
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada.
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Moreno F, García-Barrera T, Gómez-Jacinto V, Gómez-Ariza JL, Garbayo-Nores I, Vílchez-Lobato C. Antagonistic interaction of selenomethionine enantiomers on methylmercury toxicity in the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana. Metallomics 2014; 6:347-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Analytical and bioanalytical approaches to unravel the selenium–mercury antagonism: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 801:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Jebbett NJ, Hamilton JW, Rand MD, Eckenstein F. Low level methylmercury enhances CNTF-evoked STAT3 signaling and glial differentiation in cultured cortical progenitor cells. Neurotoxicology 2013; 38:91-100. [PMID: 23845766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although many previous investigations have studied how mercury compounds cause cell death, sub-cytotoxic levels may affect mechanisms essential for the proper development of the nervous system. The present study investigates whether low doses of methylmercury (MeHg) and mercury chloride (HgCl2) can modulate the activity of JAK/STAT signaling, a pathway that promotes gliogenesis. We report that sub-cytotoxic doses of MeHg enhance ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) evoked STAT3 phosphorylation in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and mouse cortical neural progenitor cells (NPCs). This effect is specific for MeHg, since HgCl2 fails to enhance JAK/STAT signaling. Exposing NPCs to these low doses of MeHg (30-300nM) enhances CNTF-induced expression of STAT3-target genes such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), and increases the proportion of cells expressing GFAP following 2 days of differentiation. Higher, near-cytotoxic concentrations of MeHg and HgCl2 inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation and lead to increased production of superoxide. Lower concentrations of MeHg effective in enhancing JAK/STAT signaling (30nM) do not result in a detectable increase in superoxide nor increased expression of the oxidant-responsive genes, heme oxygenase 1, heat shock protein A5 and sirtuin 1. These findings suggest that low concentrations of MeHg inappropriately enhance STAT3 phosphorylation and glial differentiation, and that the mechanism causing this enhancement is distinct from the reactive oxygen species-associated cell death observed at higher concentrations of MeHg and HgCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Jebbett
- University of Vermont, Department of Neurological Sciences, Burlington, VT, United States
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12
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Farina M, Avila DS, da Rocha JBT, Aschner M. Metals, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: a focus on iron, manganese and mercury. Neurochem Int 2012; 62:575-94. [PMID: 23266600 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Essential metals are crucial for the maintenance of cell homeostasis. Among the 23 elements that have known physiological functions in humans, 12 are metals, including iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). Nevertheless, excessive exposure to these metals may lead to pathological conditions, including neurodegeneration. Similarly, exposure to metals that do not have known biological functions, such as mercury (Hg), also present great health concerns. This review focuses on the neurodegenerative mechanisms and effects of Fe, Mn and Hg. Oxidative stress (OS), particularly in mitochondria, is a common feature of Fe, Mn and Hg toxicity. However, the primary molecular targets triggering OS are distinct. Free cationic iron is a potent pro-oxidant and can initiate a set of reactions that form extremely reactive products, such as OH. Mn can oxidize dopamine (DA), generating reactive species and also affect mitochondrial function, leading to accumulation of metabolites and culminating with OS. Cationic Hg forms have strong affinity for nucleophiles, such as -SH and -SeH. Therefore, they target critical thiol- and selenol-molecules with antioxidant properties. Finally, we address the main sources of exposure to these metals, their transport mechanisms into the brain, and therapeutic modalities to mitigate their neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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13
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Syversen T, Kaur P. The toxicology of mercury and its compounds. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2012; 26:215-26. [PMID: 22658719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A concentrated review on the toxicology of inorganic mercury together with an extensive review on the neurotoxicology of methylmercury is presented. The challenges of using inorganic mercury in dental amalgam are reviewed both regarding the occupational exposure and the possible health problems for the dental patients. The two remaining "mysteries" of methylmercury neurotoxicology are also being reviewed; the cellular selectivity and the delayed onset of symptoms. The relevant literature on these aspects has been discussed and some suggestions towards explaining these observations have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Syversen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway.
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14
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Methylmercury-induced changes in target organs of suckling rat pups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:605-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Glutathione-mediated neuroprotection against methylmercury neurotoxicity in cortical culture is dependent on MRP1. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:476-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Lemire M, Fillion M, Frenette B, Passos CJS, Guimarães JRD, Barbosa F, Mergler D. Selenium from dietary sources and motor functions in the Brazilian Amazon. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:944-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yurkerwich K, Yurkerwich M, Parkin G. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Tris(2-mercapto-1-adamantylimidazolyl)hydroborato Complexes: A Sterically Demanding Tripodal [S3] Donor Ligand. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:12284-95. [PMID: 21951277 DOI: 10.1021/ic201504d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yurkerwich
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael Yurkerwich
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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18
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Kaur P, Aschner M, Syversen T. Biochemical factors modulating cellular neurotoxicity of methylmercury. J Toxicol 2011; 2011:721987. [PMID: 21941541 PMCID: PMC3177097 DOI: 10.1155/2011/721987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg), an environmental toxicant primarily found in fish and seafood, poses a dilemma to both consumers and regulatory authorities, given the nutritional benefits of fish consumption versus the possible adverse neurological damage. Several studies have shown that MeHg toxicity is influenced by a number of biochemical factors, such as glutathione (GSH), fatty acids, vitamins, and essential elements, but the cellular mechanisms underlying these complex interactions have not yet been fully elucidated. The objective of this paper is to outline the cellular response to dietary nutrients, as well as to describe the neurotoxic exposures to MeHg. In order to determine the cellular mechanism(s) of toxicity, the effect of pretreatment with biochemical factors (e.g., N-acetyl cysteine, (NAC); diethyl maleate, (DEM); docosahexaenoic acid, (DHA); selenomethionine, SeM; Trolox) and MeHg treatment on intercellular antioxidant status, MeHg content, and other endpoints was evaluated. This paper emphasizes that the protection against oxidative stress offered by these biochemical factors is among one of the major mechanisms responsible for conferring neuroprotection. It is therefore critical to ascertain the cellular mechanisms associated with various dietary nutrients as well as to determine the potential effects of neurotoxic exposures for accurately assessing the risks and benefits associated with fish consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvinder Kaur
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michael Aschner
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and The Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, B-3307 Medical Center North, 1162 21st Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-2495, USA
| | - Tore Syversen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 3, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
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Jayashankar S, Glover CN, Folven KI, Brattelid T, Hogstrand C, Lundebye AK. Cerebral gene expression in response to single or combined gestational exposure to methylmercury and selenium through the maternal diet. Cell Biol Toxicol 2011; 27:181-97. [PMID: 21240674 PMCID: PMC3085103 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-010-9180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Controversy remains regarding the safety of consuming certain types of seafood, particularly during pregnancy. While seafood is rich in vital nutrients, it may also be an important source of environmental contaminants such as methylmercury (MeHg). Selenium (Se) is one essential element present in seafood, hypothesised to ameliorate MeHg toxicity. The aim of the present study was to ascertain the impact of Se on MeHg-induced cerebral gene expression in a mammalian model. Microarray analysis was performed on brain tissue from 15-day-old mice that had been exposed to MeHg throughout development via the maternal diet. The results from the microarray analysis were validated using qPCR. The exposure groups included: MeHg alone (2.6 mg kg(-1)), Se alone (1.3 mg kg(-1)), and MeHg + Se. MeHg was presented in a cysteinate form, and Se as Se-methionine, one of the elemental species occurring naturally in seafood. Eight genes responded to Se exposure alone, five were specific to MeHg, and 63 were regulated under the concurrent exposure of MeHg and Se. Significantly enriched functional classes relating to the immune system and cell adhesion were identified, highlighting potential ameliorating mechanisms of Se on MeHg toxicity. Key developmental genes, such as Wnt3 and Sparcl1, were also identified as putative ameliorative targets. This study, utilising environmentally realistic forms of toxicants, delivered through the natural route of exposure, in association with the power of transcriptomics, highlights significant novel information regarding putative pathways of selenium and MeHg interaction in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Jayashankar
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Post box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Chris N. Glover
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
| | - Kristin I. Folven
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Post box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Trond Brattelid
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Post box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Post box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
- Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Anne-Katrine Lundebye
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Post box 2029 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Md. Asaduzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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21
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Melnick JG, Yurkerwich K, Parkin G. On the chalcogenophilicity of mercury: evidence for a strong Hg-Se bond in [Tm(Bu(t))]HgSePh and its relevance to the toxicity of mercury. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:647-55. [PMID: 20020759 PMCID: PMC2810633 DOI: 10.1021/ja907523x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the reasons for the toxic effects of mercury has been attributed to its influence on the biochemical roles of selenium. For this reason, it is important to understand details pertaining to the nature of Hg-Se interactions and this has been achieved by comparison of a series of mercury chalcogenolate complexes that are supported by tris(2-mercapto-1-t-butyl-imidazolyl)hydroborato ligation, namely [Tm(Bu(t))]HgEPh (E = S, Se, Te). In particular, X-ray diffraction studies on [Tm(Bu(t))]HgEPh demonstrate that although the Hg-S bonds involving the [Tm(Bu(t))] ligand are longer than the corresponding Cd-S bonds of [Tm(Bu(t))]CdEPh, the Hg-EPh bonds are actually shorter than the corresponding Cd-EPh bonds, an observation which indicates that the apparent covalent radii of the metals in these compounds are dependent on the nature of the bonds. Furthermore, the difference in Hg-EPh and Cd-EPh bond lengths is a function of the chalcogen and increases in the sequence S (0.010 A) < Se (0.035 A) < Te (0.057 A). This trend indicates that the chalcogenophilicity of mercury increases in the sequence S < Se < Te. Thus, while mercury is often described as being thiophilic, it is evident that it actually has a greater selenophilicity, a notion that is supported by the observation of facile selenolate transfer from zinc to mercury upon treatment of [Tm(Bu(t))]HgSCH(2)C(O)N(H)Ph with [Tm(Bu(t))]ZnSePh. The significant selenophilicity of mercury is in accord with the aforementioned proposal that one reason for the toxicity of mercury is associated with it reducing the bioavailability of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Yurkerwich
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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22
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Laffon B, Valdiglesias V, Pásaro E, Méndez J. The organic selenium compound selenomethionine modulates bleomycin-induced DNA damage and repair in human leukocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 133:12-9. [PMID: 19468696 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of selenomethionine (SeMet) on the induction, repair, and persistence of DNA damage in human leukocytes challenged with bleomycin (BLM). Comet assay was used to determine DNA strand breaks and hOGG1 for the specific recognition of oxidative damage. Leukocytes were (A) stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, (B) damaged with BLM, and (C) incubated to allow DNA repair. Comet assay was performed after each phase. SeMet (50 microM) was supplemented either during phase A, B, or C, or AB, or ABC. Treatment with SeMet decreased BLM-induced stand breaks when added during phase AB. Results obtained after the repair period indicate that SeMet favors repair of DNA damage especially when applied during phase AB. The comparison between DNA damage before and after repair showed that BLM-induced damage was repaired better in the presence of SeMet. Our results showed antigenotoxic effect of SeMet on BLM-induced DNA and also on repair and persistence of this damage when applied before and simultaneously with BLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Laffon
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of A Coruña, Edificio de Servicios Centrales de Investigación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
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23
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Valdiglesias V, Pásaro E, Méndez J, Laffon B. In vitro evaluation of selenium genotoxic, cytotoxic, and protective effects: a review. Arch Toxicol 2009; 84:337-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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da Conceição Nascimento Pinheiro M, do Nascimento JLM, de Lima Silveira LC, da Rocha JBT, Aschner M. Mercury and Selenium - A Review on Aspects Related to the Health of Human Populations in the Amazon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 4:222-245. [PMID: 31485199 DOI: 10.1080/15555270903143440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) toxicity is governed by cellular thiol compounds and its capacity to generate reactive oxygen radicals and oxidative stress. Selenium (Se) plays a key role in the prevention of the toxic effects of Hg by modulating the activity of several Se-dependent enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). In addition, dietary Se can reduce Hg toxicity by directly interacting with either Hg(II) or methylmercury (MeHg) to form inert products, such as HgSe complexes.. Although experimental and environmental data have indicated a protective role for selenium against Hg toxicity, human data are more limited and somewhat conroversial In the Amazon Region of Brazil, Hg pollution is rampant as a result of gold (Au) mining and other anthropogenic factors, leading to pervasive release of large quantities of metallic Hg0 into the environment. Exposure to Hg in this region is associated with direct occupational exposure in the gold mining industry, as well as consumption by in inhabitants of riverside communities of a diet rich in MeHg-contaminated fish. Human exposure to MeHg in the Amazon through the diet has been monitored by measuring Hg and MeHg in hair samples. In this paper, we review the environmental contamination of Hg in the Amazon and detail human exposures in populations of this region. We conclude with a brief synopsis on Se levels in the Amazon population and provide a brief review of data available on the interaction between Hg and Se in this region. Overall, the literature supports the notion that low environmental Se is linked to susceptibility to Hg toxicity and that Se levels could be used as a bioindicator to monitor the health of Hg exposed subjects. However, in light of the limited human data on this subject, further epidemiological studies are needed to clarify how changes in Se levels modify the toxicity of environmental Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luiz Carlos de Lima Silveira
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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