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Hu H, Ma P, Li H, You J. Determining buffering capacity of polydimethylsiloxane-based passive dosing for hydrophobic organic compounds in large-volume bioassays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169710. [PMID: 38184249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the most widely used material for passive dosing. However, the ability of PDMS to maintain constant water concentrations of chemicals in large-volume bioassays was insufficiently investigated. In this study, we proposed a kinetic-based method to determine the buffering capacity of PDMS for maintaining constant water concentrations of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in large-volume bioassays. A good correlation between log Kow and PDMS-water partitioning coefficients (log KPW) was observed for HOCs with log Kow values ranging from 3.30 to 7.42. For low-molecular-weight HOCs, volatile loss was identified as the primary cause of unstable water concentrations in passive dosing systems. Slow desorption from PDMS resulted in a reduction of water concentrations for high-molecular-weight HOCs. The volume ratio of PDMS to water (RV) was the key factor controlling buffering capacity. As such, buffering capacity was defined as the minimum RV required to maintain 90% of the initial water concentration and was determined to be 0.0076-0.032 for six representative HOCs. Finally, passive dosing with an RV of 0.014 was validated to effectively maintain water concentrations of phenanthrene in 2-L and 96-h toxicity tests with adult mosquitofish. By determining buffering capacity of PDMS, this study recommended specific RV values for cost-efficient implementation of passive dosing approaches in aquatic toxicology, particularly in large-volume bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Department of Eco-engineering, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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2
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Cordova AC, Ford LC, Valdiviezo A, Roman-Hubers AT, McDonald TJ, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Dosing Methods to Enable Cell-Based In Vitro Testing of Complex Substances: A Case Study with a PAH Mixture. TOXICS 2022; 11:19. [PMID: 36668745 PMCID: PMC9866728 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based testing of multi-constituent substances and mixtures for their potential adverse health effects is difficult due to their complex composition and physical-chemical characteristics. Various extraction methods are typically used to enable studies in vitro; however, a limited number of solvents are biocompatible with in vitro studies and the extracts may not fully represent the original test article's composition. While the methods for dosing with "difficult-to-test" substances in aquatic toxicity studies are well defined and widely used, they are largely unsuited for small-volume (100 microliters or less) in vitro studies with mammalian cells. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate suitability of various scaled-down dosing methods for high-throughput in vitro testing by using a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Specifically, we compared passive dosing via silicone micro-O-rings, cell culture media-accommodated fraction, and traditional solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide) extraction procedures. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used to evaluate kinetics of PAH absorption to micro-O-rings, as well as recovery of PAH and the extent of protein binding in cell culture media with and without cells for each dosing method. Bioavailability of the mixture from different dosing methods was also evaluated by characterizing in vitro cytotoxicity of the PAH mixture using EA.hy926 and HepG2 human cell lines. Of the tested dosing methods, media accommodated fraction (MAF) was determined to be the most appropriate method for cell-based studies of PAH-containing complex substances and mixtures. This conclusion is based on the observation that the highest fraction of the starting materials can be delivered using media accommodated fraction approach into cell culture media and thus enable concentration-response in vitro testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Cordova
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lucie C. Ford
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alan Valdiviezo
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alina T. Roman-Hubers
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Thomas J. McDonald
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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3
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Vita MM, Iturbe-Espinoza P, Bonte M, Brandt BW, Braster M, Brown DM, van Spanning RJM. Oil Absorbent Polypropylene Particles Stimulate Biodegradation of Crude Oil by Microbial Consortia. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:853285. [PMID: 35677906 PMCID: PMC9169047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil absorbent particles made from surface-modified polypropylene can be used to facilitate the removal of oil from the environment. In this study, we investigated to what extent absorbed oil was biodegraded and how this compared to the biodegradation of oil in water. To do so, we incubated two bacterial communities originating from the Niger Delta, an area subject to frequent oil spills, in the presence and absence of polypropylene particles. One community evolved from untreated soil whereas the second evolved from soil pre-exposed to oil. We observed that the polypropylene particles stimulated the growth of biofilms and enriched species from genera Mycobacterium, Sphingomonas and Parvibaculum. Cultures with polypropylene particles degraded more crude oil than those where the oil was present in suspension regardless of whether they were pre-exposed or not. Moreover, the community pre-exposed to crude oil had a different community structure and degraded more oil than the one from untreated soil. We conclude that the biodegradation rate of crude oil was enhanced by the pre-exposure of the bacterial communities to crude oil and by the use of oil-absorbing polypropylene materials. The data show that bacterial communities in the biofilms growing on the particles have an enhanced degradation capacity for oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina M Vita
- Systems Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Iturbe-Espinoza
- Systems Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Bonte
- Shell Global Solutions International BV, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Bernd W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin Braster
- Systems Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David M Brown
- Shell Global Solutions International BV, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Rob J M van Spanning
- Systems Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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4
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Misaki K, Takano H, Kanazawa H, Inoue KI. Biological Response-Enhancing Activity with Antigens in A549 Cells Exposed to Representative Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22224-22232. [PMID: 34497913 PMCID: PMC8412928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The question of what kinds of airborne particles, including diesel exhaust particles and their adherent chemical constituents, exacerbate the activity of allergic and inflammatory respiratory diseases has not been elucidated in detail. Therefore, chemicals that have amplifying actions on Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) body extract-induced IL-8, the inflammatory cytokines of the innate immune system, were comprehensively examined using commonly used human alveolar epithelial cells, A549, as simple screening for 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are representative organic constituents in atmospheric samples. The significant amplifying actions of two PAHs, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) at 50 nM and dibenzo[a,i]pyrene (DB[a,i]P) at 2 μM for 48 h, for IL-8 protein release induced by mite antigens in epithelial cells were observed for the first time. In contrast, the enhancement of IL-8 was not observed in protein levels for these PAHs without the antigens. Meanwhile, the significant synergistic amplifying effect of DB[a,l]P at 50 nM on proinflammatory actions was measured in gene expression (i.e., IL-8, IL-6, ICAM-1, and TNF-α) levels in the experimental setting; for the results, the induction of TNF-α may have been the essential factor that enhanced the amplifying activity of DB[a,l]P for IL-8 gene expression and protein release. Examining the exacerbating effect on allergic pathophysiological states for DB[a,l]P is planned for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Misaki
- School
of Nursing, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Graduate
School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
- Department
of Urban Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanazawa
- School
of Nursing, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Inoue
- School
of Nursing, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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5
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Goodchild CG, Love AC, Krall JB, DuRant SE. Weathered Mississippi Canyon 252 crude oil ingestion alters cytokine signaling, lowers heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, and induces sickness behavior in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115302. [PMID: 33254636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill caused an estimated 100,000 bird mortalities. However, mortality estimates are often based on the number of visibly oiled birds and likely underestimate the true damage to avian populations as they do not include toxic effects from crude oil ingestion. Elevated susceptibility to disease has been postulated to be a significant barrier to recovery for birds that have ingested crude oil. Effective defense against pathogens involves integration of physiological and behavioral traits, which are regulated in-part by cytokine signaling pathways. In this study, we tested whether crude oil ingestion altered behavioral and physiological aspects of disease defense in birds. To do so, we used artificially weathered Mississippi Canyon 242 crude oil to orally dose zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) with 3.3 mL/kg or 10 mL/kg of crude oil or a control (peanut oil) for 14 days. We measured expression of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-10) and proinflammatory pathways (NF-κB, COX-2) in the intestine, liver, and spleen (tissues that exhibit pathology in oil-exposed birds). We also measured heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratio and complement system activity, and video-recorded birds to analyze sickness behavior. Finches that ingested crude oil exhibited tissue-specific changes in cytokine mRNA expression. Proinflammatory cytokine expression decreased in the intestine but increased in the liver and spleen. Birds exposed to crude oil had lower H:L ratios compared to the control on day 14, but there were no differences in complement activity among treatments. Additionally, birds exposed to 10 mL/kg crude oil had reduced activity, indicative of sickness behavior. Our results suggest cytokines play a role in mediating physiological and behavioral responses to crude oil ingestion. Although most avian population damage assessments focus on mortality caused by external oiling, crude oil ingestion may also indirectly affect survival by altering physiological and behavioral traits important for disease defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Goodchild
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Integrative Biology, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA; Virginia Tech, Biological Sciences, 926 West Campus Dr., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Ashley C Love
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Integrative Biology, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA; University of Arkansas, Department of Biological Sciences, 601 Science and Engineering, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Krall
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Integrative Biology, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Sarah E DuRant
- University of Arkansas, Department of Biological Sciences, 601 Science and Engineering, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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6
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Maner J, Burkard M, Cassano JC, Nash SMB, Schirmer K, Suter MJF. Hexachlorobenzene exerts genotoxic effects in a humpback whale cell line under stable exposure conditions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39447-39457. [PMID: 35540658 PMCID: PMC9076109 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Humpback whales, like other polar wildlife, accumulate persistent organic pollutants. In Southern hemisphere populations, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) dominates the contaminant profiles. HCB is linked to a variety of health effects and is classified as a group 2B carcinogen, but the mechanism of action is a matter of contention. Potential toxicological effects to humpback whales remain entirely unknown. The recently established humpback whale fibroblast cell line (HuWa) offers an in vitro model for toxicological investigations. We here combine this novel cell line with a passive dosing strategy to investigate whale-specific toxicity of HCB. The relevant partitioning coefficients were determined to produce stable and predictable exposure concentrations in small-scale bioassays. The system was used to assess acute toxicity as well as genotoxicity of HCB to the HuWa cell line. While we found some transient reductions in metabolic activity, measured with the indicator dye alamarBlue, no clear acute toxic effects were discernible. Yet, a significant increase in DNA damage, detected in the alkaline comet assay, was found in HuWa cells exposed to 10 μg L-1 HCB during the sensitive phase of cell attachment. Collectively, this work provides a ready-to-use passive dosing system and delivers evidence that HCB elicits genotoxicity in humpback whale cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Maner
- Department Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Michael Burkard
- Department Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University Brisbane QLD 4108 Australia
| | - Juan Carlos Cassano
- Empa, Swiss Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Particle-Biology Interactions Laboratory 9014 St Gallen Switzerland
| | - Susan M Bengtson Nash
- Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University Brisbane QLD 4108 Australia
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Department Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich 8092 Zürich Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPF Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marc J-F Suter
- Department Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich 8092 Zürich Switzerland
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Birch H, Kramer NI, Mayer P. Time-Resolved Freely Dissolved Concentrations of Semivolatile and Hydrophobic Test Chemicals in In Vitro Assays-Measuring High Losses and Crossover by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1780-1790. [PMID: 31426631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In vitro assays are normally conducted in plastic multiwell plates open to exchange with the ambient air. The concentration of test substances freely available to cells is often not known, can change over time, and is difficult to measure in the small volumes in microplates. However, even a well-characterized toxicological response is of limited value if it cannot be linked to a well-defined exposure level. The aim of this study was to develop and apply an approach for determining time-resolved freely dissolved concentrations of semivolatile and hydrophobic organic chemicals (SVHOCs) in in vitro assays: (1) free fractions were measured by a new medium dilution method and (2) time-resolved loss curves were obtained by measurements of total concentrations in 96-well plates during incubations at 37 °C. Headspace solid-phase microextraction was used as an analytical technique for 24 model chemicals spanning 6 chemical groups and 4-5 orders of magnitude in Kow and Kaw. Free fractions were >30% for chemicals with log Kow < 3.5 and then decreased with increasing log Kow. Medium concentrations declined significantly (>50%) within 24 h of incubation for all 20 chemicals having log Kow > 4 or log Kaw > -3.5 in serum-free medium. Losses of chemicals were lower for medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, most significantly for chemicals with log Kow > 4. High crossover to neighboring wells also was observed below log Kow of 4 and log Kaw of -3.5. Sealing the well plates had limited effect on the losses but clearly reduced crossover. The high losses and crossover of most tested chemicals question the suitability of multiwell plates for in vitro testing of SVHOCs and call for (1) test systems that minimize losses, (2) methods to control in vitro exposure, (3) analytical confirmation of exposure, and (4) exposure control and confirmation being included in good in vitro reporting standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Birch
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Bygningstorvet, Building 115 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Nynke I Kramer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences , Utrecht University , 3508 TC Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Bygningstorvet, Building 115 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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Fischer FC, Abele C, Droge STJ, Henneberger L, König M, Schlichting R, Scholz S, Escher BI. Cellular Uptake Kinetics of Neutral and Charged Chemicals in in Vitro Assays Measured by Fluorescence Microscopy. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:646-657. [PMID: 29939727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular uptake kinetics are key for understanding time-dependent chemical exposure in in vitro cell assays. Slow cellular uptake kinetics in relation to the total exposure time can considerably reduce the biologically effective dose. In this study, fluorescence microscopy combined with automated image analysis was applied for time-resolved quantification of cellular uptake of 10 neutral, anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic fluorophores in two reporter gene assays. The chemical fluorescence in the medium remained relatively constant during the 24-h assay duration, emphasizing that the proteins and lipids in the fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented to the assay medium represent a large reservoir of reversibly bound chemicals with the potential to compensate for chemical depletion by cell uptake, growth, and sorption to well materials. Hence FBS plays a role in stabilizing the cellular dose in a similar way as polymer-based passive dosing, here we term this process as serum-mediated passive dosing (SMPD). Neutral chemicals accumulated in the cells up to 12 times faster than charged chemicals. Increasing medium FBS concentrations accelerated uptake due to FBS-facilitated transport but led to lower cellular concentrations as a result of increased sorption to medium proteins and lipids. In vitro cell exposure results from the interaction of several extra- and intracellular processes, leading to variable and time-dependent exposure between different chemicals and assay setups. The medium FBS plays a crucial role for the thermodynamic equilibria as well as for the cellular uptake kinetics, hence influencing exposure. However, quantification of cellular exposure by an area under the curve (AUC) analysis illustrated that, for the evaluated bioassay setup, current in vitro exposure models that assume instantaneous equilibrium between medium and cells still reflect a realistic exposure because the AUC was typically reduced less than 20% compared to the cellular dose that would result from instantaneous equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian C Fischer
- Department of Cell Toxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Cedric Abele
- Department of Cell Toxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Steven T J Droge
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Luise Henneberger
- Department of Cell Toxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Maria König
- Department of Cell Toxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Rita Schlichting
- Department of Cell Toxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstraße 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany.,Environmental Toxicology, Centre for Applied Geoscience , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany
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9
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The current status of exposure-driven approaches for chemical safety assessment: A cross-sector perspective. Toxicology 2017; 389:109-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Fischer F, Böhm L, Höss S, Möhlenkamp C, Claus E, Düring RA, Schäfer S. Passive Dosing in Chronic Toxicity Tests with the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9708-9716. [PMID: 27494096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In chronic toxicity tests with Caenorhabditis elegans, it is necessary to feed the nematode with bacteria, which reduces the freely dissolved concentration (Cfree) of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs), leading to poorly defined exposure with conventional dosing procedures. We examined the efficacy of passive dosing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using silicone O-rings to control exposure during C. elegans toxicity testing and compared the results to those obtained with solvent spiking. Solid-phase microextraction and liquid-liquid extraction were used to measure Cfree and the chemicals taken up via ingestion. During toxicity testing, Cfree decreased by up to 89% after solvent spiking but remained constant with passive dosing. This led to a higher apparent toxicity on C. elegans exposed by passive dosing than by solvent spiking. With increasing bacterial cell densities, Cfree of solvent-spiked PAHs decreased while being maintained constant with passive dosing. This resulted in lower apparent toxicity under solvent spiking but an increased apparent toxicity with passive dosing, probably as a result of the higher chemical uptake rate via food (CUfood). Our results demonstrate the utility of passive dosing to control Cfree in routine chronic toxicity testing of HOCs. Moreover, both chemical uptake from water or via food ingestion can be controlled, thus enabling the discrimination of different uptake routes in chronic toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Fischer
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use, and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Leonard Böhm
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use, and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Christel Möhlenkamp
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Evelyn Claus
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use, and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Schäfer
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
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11
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Yang B, Deng Q, Zhang W, Feng Y, Dai X, Feng W, He X, Huang S, Zhang X, Li X, Lin D, He M, Guo H, Sun H, Yuan J, Lu J, Hu FB, Zhang X, Wu T. Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Plasma Cytokines, and Heart Rate Variability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19272. [PMID: 26758679 PMCID: PMC4725366 DOI: 10.1038/srep19272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested associations between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heart rate variability (HRV). However, the roles of plasma cytokines in these associations are limited. In discovery stage of this study, we used Human Cytokine Antibody Arrays to examine differences in the concentrations of 280 plasma cytokines between 8 coke-oven workers and 16 community residents. We identified 19 cytokines with significant different expression (fold change ≥2 or ≤-2, and q-value <5%) between exposed workers and controls. 4 cytokines were selected to validate in 489 coke-oven workers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in validation stage. We found OH-PAHs were inversely associated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (p < 0.05), and interquartile range (IQR) increases in OH-PAHs were associated with >16% BDNF decreases. Additionally, OH-PAHs were positively associated with activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.05), and IQR increases in OH-PAHs were associated with >20% increases in CRP. We also found significant associations between these cytokines and HRV (p < 0.05), and IQR increases in BDNF and CRP were associated with >8% decreases in HRV. Our results indicated PAH exposure was associated with plasma cytokines, and higher cytokines were associated with decreased HRV, but additional human and potential mechanistic studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qifei Deng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangzhen Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Health, Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiayun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaosheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Suli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dafeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meian He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huizhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Defining and Controlling Exposure During In Vitro Toxicity Testing and the Potential of Passive Dosing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 157:263-292. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_5017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gilbert D, Mayer P, Pedersen M, Vinggaard AM. Endocrine activity of persistent organic pollutants accumulated in human silicone implants--Dosing in vitro assays by partitioning from silicone. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 84:107-114. [PMID: 26264162 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) accumulated in human tissues may pose a risk for human health by interfering with the endocrine system. This study establishes a new link between actual human internal POP levels and the endocrine active dose in vitro, applying partitioning-controlled dosing from silicone to the H295R steroidogenesis assay: (1) Measured concentrations of POPs in silicone breast implants were taken from a recent study and silicone disks were loaded according to these measurements. (2) Silicone disks were transferred into H295R cell culture plates in order to control exposure of the adrenal cells by equilibrium partitioning. (3) Hormone production of the adrenal cells was measured as toxicity endpoint. 4-Nonylphenol was used for method development, and the new dosing method was compared to conventional solvent-dosing. The two dosing modes yielded similar dose-dependent hormonal responses of H295R cells. However, with the partitioning-controlled freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) as dose metrics, dose-response curves were left-shifted by two orders of magnitude relative to spiked concentrations. Partitioning-controlled dosing of POPs resulted in up to 2-fold increases in progestagen and corticosteroid levels at Cfree of individual POPs in or below the femtomolar range. Silicone acted not only as source of the POPs but also as a sorption sink for lipophilic hormones, stimulating the cellular hormone production. Methodologically, the study showed that silicone can be used as reference partitioning phase to transfer in vivo exposure in humans (silicone implants) to in vitro assays (partition-controlled dosing). The main finding was that POPs at the levels at which they are found in humans can interfere with steroidogenesis in a human adrenocortical cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Gilbert
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej 113, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael Pedersen
- Division of Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark.
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