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Turhal G, Demirkan B, Baslilar IN, Yuncu NS, Baytas SN, Demiroglu-Zergeroglu A. Preliminary evaluation of antiproliferative and apoptotic activities of novel indolin-2-one derivatives. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22229. [PMID: 38958104 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Indole-based agents are frequently used in targeted or supportive therapy of several cancers. In this study, we investigated the anticancer properties of originally synthesized novel indolin-2-one derivatives (6a-d) against Malignant Mesothelioma, Breast cancer, and Colon Cancer cells. Our results revealed that all derivatives were effectively delayed cell proliferation by inhibiting the ERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3 signaling pathways in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, these variants induced cell cycle arrest in the S phase, accompanied by elevated levels of p21 and p27 expressions. Derivatives also initiated mitochondrial apoptosis through the upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 proteins, leading to the activation of caspase 3 and PARP cleavage in exposed cells. Remarkably, three of the indolin-2-one derivatives displayed significant selectivity towards Breast and Colon Cancer cells, with compound 6d promising as the most potent and wide spectral one for all cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulseren Turhal
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Busra Demirkan
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Izel Nermin Baslilar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nimet Sule Yuncu
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Sultan Nacak Baytas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Krstulović L, Mišković Špoljarić K, Rastija V, Filipović N, Bajić M, Glavaš-Obrovac L. Novel 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Quinoline-Benzimidazole Hybrids: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity, In Silico ADME Predictions, and Docking. Molecules 2023; 28:6950. [PMID: 37836794 PMCID: PMC10574761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly synthesized quinoline-benzimidazole hybrids containing two types of triazole-methyl-phenoxy linkers were characterized via NMR and elemental analysis. Additional derivatization was achieved by introducing bromine at the C-2 position of the phenoxy core. These novel hybrids were tested for their effects on the growth of the non-tumor cell line MRC-5 (human fetal lung fibroblasts), leukemia and lymphoma cell lines: Hut78, THP-1 and HL-60, and carcinoma cell lines: HeLa and CaCo-2. The results obtained, presented as the concentration that achieves 50% inhibition of cell growth (IC50 value), show that the compounds tested affect tumor cell growth differently depending on the cell line and the dose applied (IC50 ranged from 0.2 to >100 µM). The quinoline-benzimidazole hybrids tested, including 7-chloro-4-(4-{[4-(5-methoxy-1H-1,3-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy]methyl}-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)quinoline 9c, 2-(3-bromo-4-{[1-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-N-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-carboximidamide trihydrochloride 10e, 2-{4-[(1-{2-[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]ethyl}-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy]phenyl}-N-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-carboximidamide trihydrochloride 14e and 2-{3-bromo-4-[(1-{2-[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]ethyl}-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy]phenyl}-N-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-carboximidamide trihydrochloride 15e, arrested the cell cycle of lymphoma (HuT78) cells. The calculated ADMET properties showed that the synthesized compounds violated at most two of Lipinski's rules, making them potential drug candidates, but mainly for parenteral use due to low gastrointestinal absorption. The quinoline-benzimidazole hybrid 14e, which was shown to be a potent and selective inhibitor of lymphoma cell line growth, obtained the highest binding energy (-140.44 kcal/mol), by docking to the TAO2 kinase domain (PDB: 2GCD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Krstulović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Katarina Mišković Špoljarić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Nikolina Filipović
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8a, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Miroslav Bajić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
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Krstulović L, Leventić M, Rastija V, Starčević K, Jirouš M, Janić I, Karnaš M, Lasić K, Bajić M, Glavaš-Obrovac L. Novel 7-Chloro-4-aminoquinoline-benzimidazole Hybrids as Inhibitors of Cancer Cells Growth: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity, in Silico ADME Predictions, and Docking. Molecules 2023; 28:540. [PMID: 36677600 PMCID: PMC9866588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, new 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline-benzimidazole compounds were synthesized and characterized by NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. These novel hybrids differ in the type of linker and in the substituent on the benzimidazole moiety. Their antiproliferative activities were evaluated on one non-tumor (MDCK1) and seven selected tumor (CaCo-2, MCF-7, CCRF-CEM, Hut78, THP-1, and Raji) cell lines by MTT test and flow cytometry analysis. The compounds with different types of linkers and an unsubstituted benzimidazole ring, 5d, 8d, and 12d, showed strong cytotoxic activity (the GI50 ranged from 0.4 to 8 µM) and effectively suppressed the cell cycle progression in the leukemia and lymphoma cells. After 24 h of treatment, compounds 5d and 12d induced the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as apoptosis in HuT78 cells. The drug-like properties and bioavailability of the compounds were calculated using the Swiss ADME web tool, and a molecular docking study was performed on tyrosine-protein kinase c-Src (PDB: 3G6H). Compound 12d showed good solubility and permeability and bound to c-Src with an energy of -119.99 kcal/mol, forming hydrogen bonds with Glu310 and Asp404 in the active site and other residues with van der Waals interactions. The results suggest that compound 12d could be a leading compound in the further design of effective antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Krstulović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Leventić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Starčević
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jirouš
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Janić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maja Karnaš
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kornelija Lasić
- R&D, Pliva Croatia Ltd., TEVA Group Member, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Bajić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Shen J, Meng Y, Wang K, Gao M, Du J, Wang J, Li Z, Zuo D, Wu Y. EML4-ALK G1202R mutation induces EMT and confers resistance to ceritinib in NSCLC cells via activation of STAT3/Slug signaling. Cell Signal 2022; 92:110264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Liu L, Wang M, Li X, Yin S, Wang B. An Overview of Novel Agents for Cervical Cancer Treatment by Inducing Apoptosis: Emerging Drugs Ongoing Clinical Trials and Preclinical Studies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:682366. [PMID: 34395473 PMCID: PMC8355560 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.682366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As the leading cause of cancer death, cervical cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates have reportedly decreased over the last decades thanks to extensive screening and widespread vaccination against human papilloma virus. However, there have been no major improvements concerning platinum-based chemotherapy on the survival of advanced cervical cancer. Thus, novel agents are urgently needed for the improvement of therapeutic effect. With the development of molecular biology and genomics, targeted therapy research has achieved a breakthrough development, including anti-angiogenesis, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and other treatments that are efficient for treatment of cervical cancer. Apoptosis is a crucial process for tumor progression. Drugs directed at inducing tumor-cell apoptosis are regarded as important treatment modalities. Besides, a number of novel compounds synthesized or derived from plants or microorganisms exhibited prominent anti-cancer activity by changing the apoptotic balance in cervical cancer. In this review, we summarized new target therapy drugs ongoing clinical trials that are used for treatment of cervical cancer. Further, we classified novel agents with a focus on improvement of therapeutic effect pre-clinically. To summarize, we also discussed application prospects of the new uses of old drugs and drug combinations, to provide researchers with new ideas for cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianping Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingqi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yu L, Han S, Lang L, Song H, Zhang C, Dong L, Jia S, Zhang Y, Xiao D, Liu J, Xu Y, Zhang X. Oxocrebanine: A Novel Dual Topoisomerase inhibitor, Suppressed the Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7 by Inducing DNA Damage and Mitotic Arrest. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:153504. [PMID: 33611211 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA topoisomerase (Topo) inhibition plays key role in breast cancer treatment. Stephania hainanensis H. S. Lo et Y. Tsoong (S. hainanensis), a Li nationality plant that has abundant aporphine alkaloids, can inhibit Topo. PURPOSE To identify a dual Topo inhibitor, a deep and systematic study of active aporphine alkaloids in S. hainanensis and their mechanisms of inhibiting breast cancer proliferation and Topo activity are essential. STUDY DESIGN This study aimed to assess the anti-breast cancer and Topo inhibitory activities of oxocrebanine and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The growth inhibitory activities of 12 compounds in S. hainanensis were screened by MTT assay in MCF-7, SGC-7901, HepG-2 cells, and compared with the effects on human normal mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells as non cancer control cells. The Topo inhibitory activity was assessed by DNA relaxation and unwinding assays, kDNA decatenation assay and western blot. Cell cycle and autophagy analyses were carried out with flow cytometry and staining. Acridine orange staining and α-tubulin morphology were observed by fluorescence microscopy. Western blot was used to examine microtubule assembly dynamics and the expression levels of key proteins associated with DNA damage, autophagy and mitotic arrest. RESULTS Oxocrebanine was the anti-breast cancer active alkaloid in S. hainanensis. It exhibited the best inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 16.66 μmol/l, and had only weak effect on the proliferation of MCF-10A cells. Oxocrebanine inhibited Topo I and II α in a cell-free system and in MCF-7 cells. The DNA unwinding assay suggested that oxocrebanine intercalated with DNA as a catalytic inhibitor. Oxocrebanine regulated the levels of Topo I and IIα and DNA damage-related proteins. Oxocrebanine led to the mitotic arrest, and these effects occurred through both p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways. Oxocrebanine induced autophagy, abnormal α-tubulin morphology and stimulated enhanced microtubule dynamics. CONCLUSION Oxocrebanine was the anti-breast cancer active aporphine alkaloid in S. hainanensis. Oxocrebanine was a Topo I/IIα dual inhibitor, catalytic inhibitor and DNA intercalator. Oxocrebanine caused DNA damage, autophagy, and mitotic arrest in MCF-7 cells. Oxocrebanine also disrupted tubulin polymerization. Accordingly, oxocrebanine held a great potential for development as a novel dual Topo inhibitor for effective breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Shuang Han
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Lang Lang
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Hui Song
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - CaiYun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 57199, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 57199, China
| | - ShaoHua Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Di Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China.
| | - XiaoPo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 57199, China.
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Xia LY, Zhang YL, Yang R, Wang ZC, Lu YD, Wang BZ, Zhu HL. Tubulin Inhibitors Binding to Colchicine-Site: A Review from 2015 to 2019. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:6787-6814. [PMID: 31580244 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191003154051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the three domains of the colchicine-site which is conducive to the combination with small molecule compounds, colchicine-site on the tubulin has become a common target for antitumor drug development, and accordingly, a large number of tubulin inhibitors binding to the colchicine-site have been reported and evaluated over the past years. In this study, tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine-site and their application as antitumor agents were reviewed based on the literature from 2015 to 2019. Tubulin inhibitors were classified into ten categories according to the structural features, including colchicine derivatives, CA-4 analogs, chalcone analogs, coumarin analogs, indole hybrids, quinoline and quinazoline analogs, lignan and podophyllotoxin derivatives, phenothiazine analogs, N-heterocycle hybrids and others. Most of them displayed potent antitumor activity, including antiproliferative effects against Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) cell lines and antivascular properties, both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, the design, synthesis and the analysis of the structure-activity relationship of tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine-site were described in detail. In addition, multi-target inhibitors, anti-MDR compounds, and inhibitors bearing antitumor activity in vivo are further listed in tables to present a clear picture of potent tubulin inhibitors, which could be beneficial for medicinal chemistry researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ying Xia
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Liang Zhang
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Rong Yang
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Chang Wang
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Dong Lu
- Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China
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A novel ALK inhibitor ZYY inhibits Karpas299 cell growth in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model and induces protective autophagy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 383:114781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Li L, Cui J, Liu Z, Zhou X, Li Z, Yu Y, Jia Y, Zuo D, Wu Y. Silver nanoparticles induce SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum- and mitochondrial pathways that lengthen endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites and alter inositol-3-phosphate receptor function. Toxicol Lett 2018; 285:156-167. [PMID: 29306025 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have many medical and commercial applications, but their effects on human health are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of AgNPs on the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and to explore their potential mechanisms of action. We found that AgNPs decreased SH-SY5Y cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Exposure to AgNPs activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as reflected by upregulated expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), C/EBP homology protein (CHOP), spliced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1), and phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme (p-IRE), all of which are involved in the cellular unfolded protein response. Prolonged exposure of cells to AgNPs damaged calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, increased the length of contact sites between the ER and mitochondria, altered IP3R function by the increased levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) in the ER and enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Finally, Ca2+ overload and disrupted homeostasis in the mitochondria triggered apoptotic cell death. Our results suggest that caution should be exercised in the use of AgNPs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Jiahui Cui
- Department of pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Zi Liu
- Department of pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Xuejiao Zhou
- Department of pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Li
- Department of pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- Liaoning Medical Device Test Institute, Shenyang 110179, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Safety Evaluation Center of Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Ltd., Shenyang 110021, PR China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
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Povea-Cabello S, Oropesa-Ávila M, de la Cruz-Ojeda P, Villanueva-Paz M, de la Mata M, Suárez-Rivero JM, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Villalón-García I, Cotán D, Ybot-González P, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Dynamic Reorganization of the Cytoskeleton during Apoptosis: The Two Coffins Hypothesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112393. [PMID: 29137119 PMCID: PMC5713361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During apoptosis, cells undergo characteristic morphological changes in which the cytoskeleton plays an active role. The cytoskeleton rearrangements have been mainly attributed to actinomyosin ring contraction, while microtubule and intermediate filaments are depolymerized at early stages of apoptosis. However, recent results have shown that microtubules are reorganized during the execution phase of apoptosis forming an apoptotic microtubule network (AMN). Evidence suggests that AMN is required to maintain plasma membrane integrity and cell morphology during the execution phase of apoptosis. The new “two coffins” hypothesis proposes that both AMN and apoptotic cells can adopt two morphological patterns, round or irregular, which result from different cytoskeleton kinetic reorganization during the execution phase of apoptosis induced by genotoxic agents. In addition, round and irregular-shaped apoptosis showed different biological properties with respect to AMN maintenance, plasma membrane integrity and phagocyte responses. These findings suggest that knowing the type of apoptosis may be important to predict how fast apoptotic cells undergo secondary necrosis and the subsequent immune response. From a pathological point of view, round-shaped apoptosis can be seen as a physiological and controlled type of apoptosis, while irregular-shaped apoptosis can be considered as a pathological type of cell death closer to necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleva Povea-Cabello
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Mario de la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan Miguel Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Irene Villalón-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - David Cotán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Patricia Ybot-González
- Grupo de Neurodesarrollo, Unidad de Gestión de Pediatría, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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