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De Freitas K, Maharaj G, Fan HW, Kallel H. Contribution of international cooperation in the management of the first documented case of Lonomia caterpillar envenoming (Lonomism) in Guyana. Toxicon 2024; 247:107852. [PMID: 38971476 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Severe Lonomia caterpillar envenoming is an increasing hazard in South America. It can trigger severe coagulation disorders that can progress to systemic complications and death. We report the first documented case of severe Lonomia caterpillar envenoming in Guyana. It was managed using antivenom provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health as part of humanitarian support. This case describes a successful international collaboration driving a favorable outcome for the envenomed patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshia De Freitas
- Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation, New Market Street, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Gyanpriya Maharaj
- Centre for the Study of Biological Diversity and Department of Biology, University of Guyana, Turkeyen Campus, Guyana
| | - Hui Wen Fan
- Bioindustrial Center, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hatem Kallel
- Intensive Care Unit, Cayenne General Hospital, French Guiana, France; Tropical Biome and Immunopathology CNRS UMR-9017, Inserm U 1019, Université de Guyane, French Guiana, France.
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Okafor AI, Ogban NN, Odinigwe AA. Kolaviron alleviates haematological abnormalities and hepato-renal damage in Naja nigricollis nigricollis venom-treated rats. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1869-1876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Lonomia obliqua Envenoming and Innovative Research. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120832. [PMID: 34941670 PMCID: PMC8706654 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As a tribute to Butantan Institute in its 120th anniversary, this review describes some of the scientific research efforts carried out in the study of Lonomia envenoming in Brazil, a country where accidents with caterpillars reach over 42,000 individuals per year (especially in South and Southeast Brazil). Thus, the promising data regarding the studies with Lonomia’s toxins contributed to the creation of new research centers specialized in toxinology based at Butantan Institute, as well as to the production of the antilonomic serum (ALS), actions which are in line with the Butantan Institute mission “to research, develop, manufacture, and provide products and services for the health of the population”. In addition, the study of the components of the Lonomia obliqua bristle extract led to the discovery of new molecules with peculiar properties, opening a field of knowledge that could lead to the development and innovation of new drugs aimed at cell regeneration and inflammatory diseases.
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de Oliveira NA, Cardoso SC, Barbosa DA, da Fonseca CD. Acute kidney injury caused by venomous animals: inflammatory mechanisms. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:20200189. [PMID: 34512738 PMCID: PMC8394371 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Either bites or stings of venomous animals comprise relevant public health problems in tropical countries. Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by animal toxins is related to worse prognostic and outcomes. Being one the most important pathways to induce AKI following envenoming due to animal toxins, inflammation is an essential biological response that eliminates pathogenic bacteria and repairs tissue after injury. However, direct nephrotoxicity (i.e. apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms of toxins), pigmenturia (i.e. rhabdomyolysis and hemolysis), anaphylactic reactions, and coagulopathies could contribute to the renal injury. All these mechanisms are closely integrated, but inflammation is a distinct process. Hence, it is important to improve our understanding on inflammation mechanisms of these syndromes to provide a promising outlook to reduce morbidity and mortality. This literature review highlights the main scientific evidence of acute kidney injury induced by bites or stings from venomous animals and their inflammatory mechanisms. It included observational, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort human studies available up to December 2019. Descriptors were used according to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), namely: “Acute kidney injury” or “Venom” and “Inflammation” on Medline/Pubmed and Google Scholar; “Kidney disease” or “Acute kidney injury” on Lilacs and SciELO. The present review evidenced that, among the described forms of renal inflammation, it can occur either directly or indirectly on renal cells by means of intravascular, systemic and endothelial hemolysis, activation of inflammatory pathway, as well as direct action of venom cytotoxic components on kidney structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Albertina de Oliveira
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University (Unip), Jundiaí, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Nursing, School of Nursing, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Dulce Aparecida Barbosa
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cassiane Dezoti da Fonseca
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Oliveira DS, de Souza JG, Alvarez-Flores MP, Cunegundes PS, DeOcesano-Pereira C, Lobba AM, Gomes RN, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Lonomia obliqua Venom Induces NF-κB Activation and a Pro-Inflammatory Profile in THP-1-Derived Macrophage. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:462. [PMID: 34209394 PMCID: PMC8309978 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Envenomation caused by contact with Lonomia obliqua bristles is characterized by pain, an intense systemic proinflammatory reaction and disturbances in the coagulation cascade that can cause severe clinical manifestations and death. However, the role of immune system components in these effects is still poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of L. obliqua venom on THP-1-derived macrophages and its ability to modulate inflammatory markers, as well as the cytokine and chemokine release profile. Our results show that L. obliqua venom is able to directly exert a potent pro-inflammatory reaction in macrophages, characterized by the activation of the NF-κB transcription factor pathway, the expression of CD80 and CD83, and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL10. These results suggest that macrophages can play an important role during the orchestration of the inflammatory response present in envenomation caused by Lonomia obliqua caterpillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Souza Oliveira
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Butantã 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.S.O.); (J.G.d.S.); (M.P.A.-F.); (P.S.C.); (C.D.-P.); (A.M.L.); (R.N.G.)
- Development and Innovation Department, Butantan Institute, Butantã 05503-900, SP, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Vila Clementino 04044-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean Gabriel de Souza
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Butantã 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.S.O.); (J.G.d.S.); (M.P.A.-F.); (P.S.C.); (C.D.-P.); (A.M.L.); (R.N.G.)
| | - Miryam Paola Alvarez-Flores
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Butantã 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.S.O.); (J.G.d.S.); (M.P.A.-F.); (P.S.C.); (C.D.-P.); (A.M.L.); (R.N.G.)
- Development and Innovation Department, Butantan Institute, Butantã 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila S. Cunegundes
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Butantã 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.S.O.); (J.G.d.S.); (M.P.A.-F.); (P.S.C.); (C.D.-P.); (A.M.L.); (R.N.G.)
- Development and Innovation Department, Butantan Institute, Butantã 05503-900, SP, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Vila Clementino 04044-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos DeOcesano-Pereira
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Butantã 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.S.O.); (J.G.d.S.); (M.P.A.-F.); (P.S.C.); (C.D.-P.); (A.M.L.); (R.N.G.)
- Development and Innovation Department, Butantan Institute, Butantã 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Maia Lobba
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Butantã 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.S.O.); (J.G.d.S.); (M.P.A.-F.); (P.S.C.); (C.D.-P.); (A.M.L.); (R.N.G.)
- Development and Innovation Department, Butantan Institute, Butantã 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata N. Gomes
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Butantã 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.S.O.); (J.G.d.S.); (M.P.A.-F.); (P.S.C.); (C.D.-P.); (A.M.L.); (R.N.G.)
- Development and Innovation Department, Butantan Institute, Butantã 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Butantã 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.S.O.); (J.G.d.S.); (M.P.A.-F.); (P.S.C.); (C.D.-P.); (A.M.L.); (R.N.G.)
- Development and Innovation Department, Butantan Institute, Butantã 05503-900, SP, Brazil
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Zanon P, Pizzato SB, da Rosa RL, Terraciano PB, Moraes JA, Beys-da-Silva WO, Santi L, Yates JR, Passos EP, Barja-Fidalgo C, Guimarães JA, Berger M. Urine proteomic analysis reveals alterations in heme/hemoglobin and aminopeptidase metabolism during Lonomia obliqua venom-induced acute kidney injury. Toxicol Lett 2021; 341:11-22. [PMID: 33472085 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Accidental contact with the Lonomia obliqua caterpillar is a common event in southern Brazil. Envenomed victims present consumption coagulopathy, which can evolve to acute kidney injury (AKI). In the present study, we searched for AKI biomarkers and changes in molecular pathway signatures through urine proteomic analysis. METHODOLOGY Male Wistar rats were injected with L. obliqua venom (1.5 mg/kg, via s.c.) or 0.9 % NaCl and distributed into metabolic cages. After 24 h, urine was obtained, and the set of differentially regulated proteins was analyzed by MudPIT technology in an OrbiTRAP mass spectrometer. RESULTS L. obliqua venom leads to an increase in urine output and water and electrolyte excretion and to an increase in the albumin to creatine ratio in urine. The proteomic analysis revealed an up-regulation of tubular injury biomarkers, such as neutrophil-gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C, in urine from envenomed rats. Several components related to the heme scavenging system were up-regulated or exclusively identified in urine from envenomed animals. There was an increase in urinary heme levels and hemoglobin subunits, hemopexin, haptoglobin, and biliverdin reductase. Similarly, kinin- and angiotensin-generating/degrading peptidases, such as kallikreins, neprilysin, plasmin, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, cathepsin D, kininogen, and neutral, basic, glutamyl, and acidic aminopeptidases, were also up-regulated in urine. CONCLUSIONS L. obliqua envenomation induced tubular and glomerular injury, probably involving heme/hemoglobin toxicity and an imbalance in the kinin/angiotensin generating/degrading system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Zanon
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Beal Pizzato
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Lopes da Rosa
- Laboratório de Proteômica e Microbiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular de Molecular (PPGBCM), Centro de Biotecnologia (Cbiot-UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Barros Terraciano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Alfredo Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia REDOX, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Walter Orlando Beys-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Proteômica e Microbiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular de Molecular (PPGBCM), Centro de Biotecnologia (Cbiot-UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Santi
- Laboratório de Proteômica e Microbiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular de Molecular (PPGBCM), Centro de Biotecnologia (Cbiot-UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jonh R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Pandolfi Passos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge Almeida Guimarães
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular de Molecular (PPGBCM), Centro de Biotecnologia (Cbiot-UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Markus Berger
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Caterpillar Venom: A Health Hazard of the 21st Century. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8060143. [PMID: 32486237 PMCID: PMC7345192 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Caterpillar envenomation is a global health threat in the 21st century. Every direct or indirect contact with the urticating hairs of a caterpillar results in clinical manifestations ranging from local dermatitis symptoms to potentially life-threatening systemic effects. This is mainly due to the action of bioactive components in the venom that interfere with targets in the human body. The problem is that doctors are limited to relieve symptoms, since an effective treatment is still lacking. Only for Lonomia species an effective antivenom does exist. The health and economical damage are an underestimated problem and will be even more of a concern in the future. For some caterpillar species, the venom composition has been the subject of investigation, while for many others it remains unknown. Moreover, the targets involved in the pathophysiology are poorly understood. This review aims to give an overview of the knowledge we have today on the venom composition of different caterpillar species along with their pharmacological targets. Epidemiology, mode of action, clinical time course and treatments are also addressed. Finally, we briefly discuss the future perspectives that may open the doors for future research in the world of caterpillar toxins to find an adequate treatment.
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Berger M, de Moraes JA, Beys-da-Silva WO, Santi L, Terraciano PB, Driemeier D, Cirne-Lima EO, Passos EP, Vieira MAR, Barja-Fidalgo TC, Guimarães JA. Renal and vascular effects of kallikrein inhibition in a model of Lonomia obliqua venom-induced acute kidney injury. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007197. [PMID: 30763408 PMCID: PMC6392336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lonomia obliqua venom is nephrotoxic and acute kidney injury (AKI) is the main cause of death among envenomed victims. Mechanism underlying L. obliqua-induced AKI involves renal hypoperfusion, inflammation, tubular necrosis and loss of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption capacities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the contribution of kallikrein to the hemodynamic instability, inflammation and consequent renal and vascular impairment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Addition of L. obliqua venom to purified prekallikrein and human plasma in vitro or to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in culture, was able to generate kallikrein in a dose-dependent manner. Injected in rats, the venom induced AKI and increased kallikrein levels in plasma and kidney. Kallikrein inhibition by aprotinin prevented glomerular injury and the decrease in glomerular filtration rate, restoring fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. The mechanism underlying these effects was associated to lowering renal inflammation, with decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase expression, reduced tubular degeneration, and protection against oxidative stress. Supporting the key role of kallikrein, we demonstrated that aprotinin inhibited effects directly associated with vascular injury, such as the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and migration of VSMC induced by L. obliqua venom or by diluted plasma obtained from envenomed rats. In addition, kallikrein inhibition also ameliorated venom-induced blood incoagulability and decreased kidney tissue factor expression. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data indicated that kallikrein and consequently kinin release have a key role in kidney injury and vascular remodeling. Thus, blocking kallikrein may be a therapeutic alternative to control the progression of venom-induced AKI and vascular disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Berger
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - João Alfredo de Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia REDOX, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Walter Orlando Beys-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Santi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Barros Terraciano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Obino Cirne-Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pandolfi Passos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Ribeiro Vieira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Renal, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thereza Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge Almeida Guimarães
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular de Molecular (PPGBCM), Centro de Biotecnologia (Cbiot-UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Sánchez MN, Sciani JM, Quintana MA, Martínez MM, Tavares FL, Gritti MA, Fan HW, Teibler GP, Peichoto ME. Understanding toxicological implications of accidents with caterpillars Megalopyge lanata and Podalia orsilochus (Lepidoptera: Megalopygidae). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 216:110-119. [PMID: 30448590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Megalopygids Megalopyge lanata and Podalia orsilochus are common causative agents of accidents in agricultural workers. These accidents are provoked by dermal contact at their larval stage and are characterized by cutaneous reactions, such as burning pain, edema and erythema, typically mild and self-limited. There is very little information about their venoms and their toxicological implications on human health. Thus, we employed proteomic techniques and biological assays to characterize venoms (bristle extracts) from caterpillars of both species collected from Misiones, Argentina. The electrophoretic profiles of both venoms were substantially different, and they presented proteins related to toxicity, such as serinepeptidases, serpins and lectins. P. orsilochus venom exhibited higher caseinolytic activity than M. lanata venom, agreeing with the fact that only P. orsilochus venom hydrolyzed human fibrin(ogen). In addition, the latter shortened the clotting time triggered by calcium. While the venom of M. lanata induced a mild inflammatory lesion in mouse skin, P. orsilochus venom caused prominent necrosis, inflammatory infiltration and hemorrhage at the site of venom injection. On the other hand, P. orsilochus venom was better recognized by Lonomia obliqua antivenom, although many of its proteins could not be cross-reacted, what may explain the difference in the clinical manifestations between accidents by Podalia and those by Lonomia. Altogether, this study provides relevant information about the pathophysiological mechanisms whereby both caterpillars can induce toxicity on human beings, and paves the way for novel discovery of naturally occurring bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías N Sánchez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Neuquén y Jujuy s/n, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Juliana M Sciani
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Universidade São Francisco, Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, 12916-900 Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - María A Quintana
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Neuquén y Jujuy s/n, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - María M Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Neuquén y Jujuy s/n, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Flávio L Tavares
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA) - ILACVN - Av. Tarquínio Joslin dos Santos, 1000, Foz do Iguaçu - PR, CEP 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Micaela A Gritti
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Hui W Fan
- Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gladys P Teibler
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - María E Peichoto
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Neuquén y Jujuy s/n, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Argentina.
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10
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Sano-Martins IS, González C, Anjos IV, Díaz J, Gonçalves LRC. Effectiveness of Lonomia antivenom in recovery from the coagulopathy induced by Lonomia orientoandensis and Lonomia casanarensis caterpillars in rats. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006721. [PMID: 30114211 PMCID: PMC6112677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In South America, accidental contact with Lepidoptera larvae can produce a diversity of reactions that vary from dermatological problems to severe hemorrhagic syndromes, such as those caused by contact with caterpillars of the genus Lonomia (Saturniidae). Lonomia venom can alter the hemostatic system and lead to renal failure, internal and brain bleeding, and in severe cases, death. The only specific treatment available for these envenomations is the Lonomia Antivenom (LAV) produced by the Butantan Institute, in Brazil, using an extract of Lonomia obliqua scoli as the antigen. LAV has been used to treat exposure to other Lonomia species across South America. However, no experimental studies have been performed to test the efficacy of LAV in neutralizing the venom of species other than L. obliqua found in Southern Brazil. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of LAV in reversing the hemostatic disturbances induced by injecting Lonomia casanarensis (Lca) and Lonomia orientoandensis (Lor) scolus extracts into rats and compared the effects to the case of L. obliqua (Lob) scolus extract-induced envenomation. Lca and Lor caterpillars were collected in Colombia, and some of them were reared to adults for identification. The Minimum Defibrinating Doses (MDD) of Lca and Lor were estimated. Rats were injected (i.d.) with a dose of 3 MDD per rat of each scolus extract and treated (i.v.) with 1.5 mL of LAV or 1.5 mL of saline. Twenty-four hours after the treatment, the fibrinogen levels and platelet counts had recovered to the hemostatic levels in the groups treated with LAV. The groups treated with the saline solution had fibrinogen levels and platelet counts at non-hemostatic levels. Thromboelastometric analyses confirmed these results. In conclusion, the results showed that LAV is effective at neutralizing the envenomation induced by Lca and Lor spine extracts in rats and restoring hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida S. Sano-Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo–SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Juana Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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11
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Moraes JA, Rodrigues G, Nascimento-Silva V, Renovato-Martins M, Berger M, Guimarães JA, Barja-Fidalgo C. Effects of Lonomia obliqua Venom on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Contribution of NADPH Oxidase-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9110360. [PMID: 29112156 PMCID: PMC5705975 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9110360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Envenomation caused by human contact with the caterpillar Lonomia is characterized by deleterious effects on coagulation and patency of blood vessels. The cellular effects induced by Lonomia obliqua venom highlights its capacity to activate endothelial cells, leading to a proinflammatory phenotype. Having more knowledge about the mechanisms involved in envenomation may contribute to better treatment. We aimed to evaluate the effects of Lonomia obliqua caterpillar bristle extract (LOCBE) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We observed that LOCBE induced VSMC migration, which was preceded by alterations in actin cytoskeleton dynamics and Focal Adhesion Kinase activation. LOCBE also induced Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in VSMC, and the inhibition of this pathway impaired cell proliferation. Stimulation of VSMC with LOCBE triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through the activation of NADPH oxidase. The rapid increase in these ROS further induced mitochondrial ROS production, however only NADPH oxidase-derived ROS were involved in ERK activation in VSMC. We that demonstrated the chemotactic and proliferative effects of LOCBE on VSMC were dependent on ROS production, mainly through NADPH oxidase. Together, the data show that Lonomia obliqua venom can interact with and activate VSMC. These effects rely on ROS production, suggesting new potential targets for treatment against vascular damage during envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Alfredo Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia RedOx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20550-030, Brazil.
| | - Genilson Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20550-030, Brazil.
| | - Vany Nascimento-Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20550-030, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Renovato-Martins
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20550-030, Brazil.
| | - Markus Berger
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (CPE/HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre CEP 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Almeida Guimarães
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (CPE/HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre CEP 90035-903, Brazil.
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre CEP 951501-970, Brazil.
| | - Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20550-030, Brazil.
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12
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Sano-Martins IS, Duarte AC, Guerrero B, Moraes RHP, Barros EJG, Arocha-Piñango CL. Hemostatic disorders induced by skin contact with Lonomia obliqua (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) caterpillars. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e24. [PMID: 28443942 PMCID: PMC5436739 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients envenomed by Lonomia sp caterpillars initially experience a mild burning pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, and skin and mucosal hemorrhages. Some patients can rapidly progress to a severe coagulopathy that presents as visceral or intracerebral hemorrhaging. We studied the hemostatic alterations that occurred in 14 patients who were envenomed by Lonomia obliqua in Southern Brazil and presented at the Hospital São Vicente de Paulo (Passo Fundo, RS), Brazil during the summers of 1993 and 1994 when Lonomia antivenom was not yet available for treatment. The patients were classified into to 4 clinical groups: 0 (two patients), I (eight patients), II (two patients), and III (two patients). The patients were admitted to the hospital between 4 hours and five days after contact with the caterpillars. In this study, the coagulation parameters of the patients were followed up for up to 172 hours after the accidents. The patients received no treatment with the exceptions of two patients who received blood transfusions and antifibrinolytic treatment. The observed abnormalities related to blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors were similar regardless of the severity of the bleeding symptoms. These findings suggest that alterations in hemostatic parameters without thrombocytopenia are not predictors of the seriousness of such accidents. Thus, consumptive disorder and reactive fibrinolysis are not proportional to mild coagulopathy. Furthermore, these patients recovered. The hemostatic parameters of most of the patients normalized between 96 and 120 h after the accident.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Belsy Guerrero
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
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13
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Berger M, Santi L, Beys-da-Silva WO, Oliveira FMS, Caliari MV, Yates JR, Vieira MAR, Guimarães JA. Mechanisms of acute kidney injury induced by experimental Lonomia obliqua envenomation. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:459-83. [PMID: 24798088 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lonomia obliqua caterpillar envenomation causes acute kidney injury (AKI), which can be responsible for its deadly actions. This study evaluates the possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction. To characterize L. obliqua venom effects, we subcutaneously injected rats and examined renal functional, morphological and biochemical parameters at several time points. We also performed discovery-based proteomic analysis to measure protein expression to identify molecular pathways of renal disease. L. obliqua envenomation causes acute tubular necrosis, which is associated with renal inflammation; formation of hematic casts, resulting from intravascular hemolysis; increase in vascular permeability and fibrosis. The dilation of Bowman's space and glomerular tuft is related to fluid leakage and intra-glomerular fibrin deposition, respectively, since tissue factor procoagulant activity increases in the kidney. Systemic hypotension also contributes to these alterations and to the sudden loss of basic renal functions, including filtration and excretion capacities, urinary concentration and maintenance of fluid homeostasis. In addition, envenomed kidneys increase the expression of proteins involved in cell stress, inflammation, tissue injury, heme-induced oxidative stress, coagulation and complement system activation. Finally, the localization of the venom in renal tissue agrees with morphological and functional alterations, suggesting also a direct nephrotoxic activity. In conclusion, the mechanisms of L. obliqua-induced AKI are complex involving mainly glomerular and tubular functional impairment and vascular alterations. These results are important to understand the mechanisms of renal injury and may suggest more efficient ways to prevent or attenuate the pathology of Lonomia's envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Berger
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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