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Lu J, Newham M, Chuang A, Burton J, Garzon-Garcia A, Burford MA. Factors driving impacts of different nitrogen sources on freshwater and marine green algae. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 208:116991. [PMID: 39332336 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
The response of marine and freshwater algal species to both point and non-point sources of nitrogen have not been directly compared. We compared the photosynthetic yield response (Fv/Fm) of nitrogen-starved freshwater and marine green microalgae after a 3-day exposure to fourteen treated wastewater and nine aquaculture farm effluent as well as twenty-three soil erosion sources. The combination of inorganic and organic nutrients, organic carbon, and carbon-to‑nitrogen ratios were most highly correlated with algal responses across all nitrogen sources (R2 = 0.69 for the freshwater species, and 0.63 for the marine species). The marine algal response also correlated with ammonium de-sorbed from sediment upon contact with marine waters. Our study highlights that organic carbon and salinity affect the bioavailability of nutrient sources for microalgae, although the mechanisms remain unclear. This provides new insights relevant to managing nitrogen pollution in both freshwater and coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Michael Newham
- Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Ann Chuang
- Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Joanne Burton
- Council of Mayors, South East Queensland, PO Box 12995, George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4003, Australia
| | - Alexandra Garzon-Garcia
- Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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2
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Wejnerowski Ł, Dulić T, Akter S, Font-Nájera A, Rybak M, Kamiński O, Czerepska A, Dziuba MK, Jurczak T, Meriluoto J, Mankiewicz-Boczek J, Kokociński M. Community Structure and Toxicity Potential of Cyanobacteria during Summer and Winter in a Temperate-Zone Lake Susceptible to Phytoplankton Blooms. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:357. [PMID: 39195767 PMCID: PMC11359657 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16080357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are increasingly common during winters, especially when they are mild. The goal of this study was to determine the summer and winter phytoplankton community structure, cyanotoxin presence, and toxigenicity in a eutrophic lake susceptible to cyanobacterial blooms throughout the year, using classical microscopy, an analysis of toxic cyanometabolites, and an analysis of genes involved in biosynthesis of cyanotoxins. We also assessed whether cyanobacterial diversity in the studied lake has changed compared to what was reported in previous reports conducted several years ago. Moreover, the bloom-forming cyanobacterial strains were isolated from the lake and screened for cyanotoxin presence and toxigenicity. Cyanobacteria were the main component of the phytoplankton community in both sampling times, and, in particular, Oscillatoriales were predominant in both summer (Planktothrix/Limnothrix) and winter (Limnothrix) sampling. Compared to the winter community, the summer community was denser; richer in species; and contained alien and invasive Nostocales, including Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides, Raphidiopsis raciborskii, and Raphidiopsis mediterranea. In both sampling times, the blooms contained toxigenic species with genetic determinants for the production of cylindrospermopsin and microcystins. Toxicological screening revealed the presence of microcystins in the lake in summer but no cyanotoxins in the winter period of sampling. However, several cyanobacterial strains isolated from the lake during winter and summer produced anabaenopeptins and microcystins. This study indicates that summer and winter blooms of cyanobacteria in the temperate zone can differ in biomass, structure, and toxicity, and that the toxic hazards associated with cyanobacterial blooms may potentially exist during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Wejnerowski
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.K.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Tamara Dulić
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Sultana Akter
- Biotechnology, Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Arnoldo Font-Nájera
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Michał Rybak
- Department of Water Protection, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Oskar Kamiński
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.K.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Anna Czerepska
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.K.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Marcin Krzysztof Dziuba
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Tomasz Jurczak
- UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (T.J.); (J.M.-B.)
| | - Jussi Meriluoto
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Joanna Mankiewicz-Boczek
- UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (T.J.); (J.M.-B.)
| | - Mikołaj Kokociński
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.K.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
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3
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Santos-Silva RDD, Severiano JDS, Chia MA, Queiroz TM, Cordeiro-Araújo MK, Barbosa JEDL. Unveiling the link between Raphidiopsis raciborskii blooms and saxitoxin levels: Evaluating water quality in tropical reservoirs, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123401. [PMID: 38244903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The proliferation of Raphidiopsis raciborskii blooms has sparked concerns regarding potential human exposure to heightened saxitoxins (STXs) levels. Thus, comprehending how environmental elements drive the proliferation of this STXs-producing species can aid in predicting human exposure risks. This study aimed to explore the link between cyanobacteria R. raciborskii, STXs cyanotoxins, and environmental factors in 37 public supply reservoirs in the tropical region and assess potential health hazards these toxins pose in the reservoir waters. A Structural Equation Model was used to assess the impact of environmental factors (water volume and physical and chemical variables) on R. raciborskii biomass and STXs levels. Furthermore, the potential risk of STXs exposure from consuming untreated reservoir water was evaluated. Lastly, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of STXs across the reservoirs was computed. Our findings revealed a correlation between R. raciborskii biomass and STXs concentrations. Total phosphorus emerged as a critical environmental factor positively influencing species biomass and indirectly affecting STXs levels. pH significantly influenced STXs concentrations, indicating different factors influencing R. raciborskii biomass and STXs. Significantly, for the first time, the risk of STXs exposure was gauged using the risk quotient (HQ) for untreated water consumption from public supply reservoirs in Brazil's semi-arid region. Although the exposure risks were generally low to moderate, the CDF underscored the risk of chronic exposure due to low toxin concentrations in over 90% of samples. These outcomes emphasize the potential expansion of R. raciborskii in tropical settings due to increased phosphorus, amplifying waterborne STXs levels and associated intoxication risks. Thus, this study reinforces the importance of nutrient control, particularly phosphorus regulation, as a mitigation strategy against R. raciborskii blooms and reducing STXs intoxication hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranielle Daiana Dos Santos-Silva
- Ecology Program, Department of Biology, State University of Paraíba - UEPB, Rua Baraúnas, nº. 351, Universitario, 58.429-500, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dos Santos Severiano
- Ecology Program, Department of Biology, State University of Paraíba - UEPB, Rua Baraúnas, nº. 351, Universitario, 58.429-500, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
| | - Mathias Ahii Chia
- Department of Botany, Ahmadu University Bello, 81 0001, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Ecology, University of Brasília - UnB, Graduate Program in Ecology. Institute of Biological Sciences - IB, Asa Norte, DF, 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Medeiros Queiroz
- Ecology Program, Department of Biology, State University of Paraíba - UEPB, Rua Baraúnas, nº. 351, Universitario, 58.429-500, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Micheline Kézia Cordeiro-Araújo
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília - UnB, Graduate Program in Microbial Biology. Institute of Biological Sciences - IB, Bloco E, s/n, Asa Norte, DF, 70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - José Etham de Lucena Barbosa
- Ecology Program, Department of Biology, State University of Paraíba - UEPB, Rua Baraúnas, nº. 351, Universitario, 58.429-500, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
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Zheng B, He S, Zhao L, Li J, Du Y, Li Y, Shi J, Wu Z. Does temperature favour the spread of Raphidiopsis raciborskii, an invasive bloom-forming cyanobacterium, by altering cellular trade-offs? HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 124:102406. [PMID: 37164561 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As a tropical filamentous cyanobacterium, Raphidiopsis raciborskii has attracted much attention due to its expansion and toxin production. However, the mechanisms of its expansion to temperate regions have not been studied in detail. To address the potential strategies, the physiological and metabolomic profiles of R. raciborskii FACHB 1096 isolated from a temperate lake in China were determined and measured at different temperatures (10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, and 32 °C). The results demonstrated that temperature significantly changed cell viability, chlorophyll a content, specific growth rate, Chl a fluorescence, and filamentous shape of R. raciborskii. Low temperature decreased cell viability, specific growth rate, and photosynthetic efficiency, while the proportion of akinete and carbon fixation per unit cell were significantly increased compared with high temperature (32 °C). A constructed unimodal model indicated that filament length, cell volume, and cell length/width of R. raciborskii were significantly reduced in both high and low temperature environments. Under low-temperature conditions, R. raciborskii suffered different degrees of oxidative damage and produced corresponding antioxidant substances to resist oxidative stress, suggesting that low temperature changes the metabolic level of the cells, causing the cells to gradually switch from development to defense. Metabolomic data further confirmed that temperature change induced shifts in metabolic pathways in R. raciborskii, including starch and sucrose metabolic pathways, glutathione metabolic pathways, and the pentose phosphate pathways (PPP), as well as metabolic pathways related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Our results indicated that the trade-offs of R. raciborskii cells among the growth, cell size, and metabolites can be significantly regulated by temperature, with broad implications for its global expansion in temperate waterbodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shuhan He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuxin Du
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Junqiong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhongxing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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5
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Zheng L, Liu Y, Li R, Yang Y, Jiang Y. Recent Advances in the Ecology of Bloom-Forming Raphidiopsis ( Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii: Expansion in China, Intraspecific Heterogeneity and Critical Factors for Invasion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1984. [PMID: 36767351 PMCID: PMC9915880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Water blooms caused by the invasive cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii occur in many reservoirs in the tropical and subtropical regions of China. In recent decades, this species has spread rapidly to temperate regions. Phenotypic plasticity and climate warming are thought to promote the worldwide dispersion of R. raciborskii. However, investigations into the genetic and phenotypic diversities of this species have revealed significant intraspecific heterogeneity. In particular, competition between R. raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa was highly strain dependent. Although the concept of an ecotype was proposed to explain the heterogeneity of R. raciborskii strains with different geographic origins, microevolution is more reasonable for understanding the coexistence of different phenotypes and genotypes in the same environment. It has been suggested that intraspecific heterogeneity derived from microevolution is a strong driving force for the expansion of R. raciborskii. Additionally, temperature, nutrient fluctuations, and grazer disturbance are critical environmental factors that affect the population establishment of R. raciborskii in new environments. The present review provides new insights into the ecological mechanisms underlying the invasion of R. raciborskii in Chinese freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Renhui Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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A Review of Cyanophage–Host Relationships: Highlighting Cyanophages as a Potential Cyanobacteria Control Strategy. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060385. [PMID: 35737046 PMCID: PMC9229316 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are naturally occurring phenomena, and cyanobacteria are the most commonly occurring HABs in freshwater systems. Cyanobacteria HABs (cyanoHABs) negatively affect ecosystems and drinking water resources through the production of potent toxins. Furthermore, the frequency, duration, and distribution of cyanoHABs are increasing, and conditions that favor cyanobacteria growth are predicted to increase in the coming years. Current methods for mitigating cyanoHABs are generally short-lived and resource-intensive, and have negative impacts on non-target species. Cyanophages (viruses that specifically target cyanobacteria) have the potential to provide a highly specific control strategy with minimal impacts on non-target species and propagation in the environment. A detailed review (primarily up to 2020) of cyanophage lifecycle, diversity, and factors influencing infectivity is provided in this paper, along with a discussion of cyanophage and host cyanobacteria relationships for seven prominent cyanoHAB-forming genera in North America, including: Synechococcus, Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis, Planktothrix, and Lyngbya. Lastly, factors affecting the potential application of cyanophages as a cyanoHAB control strategy are discussed, including efficacy considerations, optimization, and scalability for large-scale applications.
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Marques LCB, Lima JE, Pimentel JDSM, Giani A. Heterocyte production, gene expression and phylogeography in Raphidiopsis ( = Cylindrospermopsis) Raciborskii. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6576327. [PMID: 35488867 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Raphidiopsis ( = Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii was described as a subtropical-tropical cyanobacterium, later reported expanding into temperate regions. Heterocyte presence used to distinguish Cylindrospermopsis from the very similar Raphidiopsis, but recently the two genera were recognized as one and unified. This study aimed to investigate how heterocyte production is related to nitrogen (N) limitation in heterocytous and non-heterocytous strains of R.raciborskii. High N-concentrations did not inhibit heterocyte development in some strains, while prolonged N-starvation periods never stimulated production in others. RT-qPCR was used to examine the genetic background, through the expression patterns of nifH, ntcA and hetR. While gene expression increased under N-restriction, N-sufficiency did not suppress nifH transcripts as previously observed in other diazotrophyc cyanobacteria, suggesting that heterocyte production in R. raciborskii is not regulated by N-availability. Heterocytous and non-heterocytous strains were genotypically characterized to assess their phylogenetic relationships,. In the phylogenetic tree, clusters were intermixed and confirmed Raphidiopsis and Cylindrospermopsis as the same genus. The tree supported previous findings of earlier splitting of American strains, while contesting the African origin hypothesis. The existence of two lines of Chinese strains, with distinct evolutionary patterns, is a significant addition that could lead to new hypotheses of the species biogeography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laísa Corrêa Braga Marques
- Department of Botany, Phycology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Joni Esrom Lima
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Giani
- Department of Botany, Phycology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Lei L, Lei M, Cheng N, Chen Z, Xiao L, Han BP, Lin Q. Nutrient Regulation of Relative Dominance of Cylindrospermopsin-Producing and Non-cylindrospermopsin-Producing Raphidiopsis raciborskii. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:793544. [PMID: 34899674 PMCID: PMC8664406 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.793544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Raphidiopsis raciborskii (previously Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) can produce cylindrospermopsin (CYN) which is of great concern due to its considerable toxicity to human and animals. Its CYN-producing (toxic) and non-CYN-producing (non-toxic) strains co-exist commonly in natural water bodies, while how their relative dominance is regulated has not been addressed. In this study, we combined field investigation with laboratory experiments to assessed the relationship between toxic and non-toxic R. raciborskii abundances under different nutrient levels. The rpoC1- and cyrJ-based qPCR was applied for quantifying total and toxic R. raciborskii abundances, respectively. The field survey showed that toxic R. raciborskii was detected in 97 of 115 reservoirs where its proportion ranged from 0.3% to 39.7% within the R. raciborskii population. Both total and toxic R. raciborskii abundances increased significantly with trophic level of these reservoirs, consistent with our monoculture and co-culture experiments showing in an increase in R. raciborskii growth with increasing nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) concentrations. In the monoculture experiments, growth rates of non-toxic and toxic strains from Australia or China were not significantly different under the same culture conditions. On the other hand, in the co-culture experiments, the toxic strains displayed a significantly faster growth than non-toxic strains under nutrient-replete conditions, resulting in an obvious shift toward the dominance by toxic strains from day 3 to the end of the experiments, regardless of the strain originating from Australia or China. The reverse was found under N- or P-limited conditions. Our results indicated that the toxic strains of R. raciborskii have a competitive advantage relative to the non-toxic strains in a more eutrophic world. In parallel to an increase in dominance, both toxic strains grown in the mixed population significantly increased CYN production under nutrient-replete conditions as compared to nutrient-limited conditions, suggesting that CYN may be of significance for ecological advantage of toxic R. raciborskii. These results highlight the importance of nutrient availability in regulating abundances and strain dominance of two genotypes of R. raciborskii. Our findings demonstrated that elevated nutrients would favor the growth of CYN-producing R. raciborskii and CYN production, leading to more blooms with higher toxicity at global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Lei
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minting Lei
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijiang Chen
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Ping Han
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuqi Lin
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Ranjbar MH, Hamilton DP, Etemad-Shahidi A, Helfer F. Individual-based modelling of cyanobacteria blooms: Physical and physiological processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148418. [PMID: 34157534 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lakes and reservoirs throughout the world are increasingly adversely affected by cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs). The development and spatiotemporal distributions of blooms are governed by complex physical mixing and transport processes that interact with physiological processes affecting the growth and loss of bloom-forming species. Individual-based models (IBMs) can provide a valuable tool for exploring and integrating some of these processes. Here we contend that the advantages of IBMs have not been fully exploited. The main reasons for the lack of progress in mainstreaming IBMs in numerical modelling are their complexity and high computational demand. In this review, we identify gaps and challenges in the use of IBMs for modelling CyanoHABs and provide an overview of the processes that should be considered for simulating the spatial and temporal distributions of cyanobacteria. Notably, important processes affecting cyanobacteria distributions, in particular their vertical passive movement, have not been considered in many existing lake ecosystem models. We identify the following research gaps that should be addressed in future studies that use IBMs: 1) effects of vertical movement and physiological processes relevant to cyanobacteria growth and accumulations, 2) effects and feedbacks of CyanoHABs on their environment; 3) inter and intra-specific competition of cyanobacteria species for nutrients and light; 4) use of high resolved temporal-spatial data for calibration and verification targets for IBMs; and 5) climate change impacts on the frequency, intensity and duration of CyanoHABs. IBMs are well adapted to incorporate these processes and should be considered as the next generation of models for simulating CyanoHABs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Amir Etemad-Shahidi
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia; School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Fernanda Helfer
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
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Lines T, Orr P, Beardall J. Elevated co 2 has Differential Effects on Five Species of Microalgae from a Subtropical Freshwater Lake: Possible Implications for Phytoplankton Species Composition. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:324-334. [PMID: 33191502 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are predicted to have a significant impact on global phytoplankton populations. Of particular interest in freshwater systems are those species that produce toxins or impact water quality, though evidence for how these species, and many others, will respond is limited. This study investigated the effects of elevated CO2 (1,000 ppm) relative to current atmospheric CO2 partial pressures (400 ppm), on growth, cell size, carbon acquisition, and photophysiology of five freshwater phytoplankton species including a toxic cyanophyte, Raphidiopsis raciborskii, from Lake Wivenhoe, Australia. Effects of elevated CO2 on growth rate varied between species; notably growth rate was considerably higher for Staurastrum sp. and significantly lower for Stichococcus sp. with a trend to lower growth rate for R. raciborskii. Surface area to volume ratio was significantly lower with elevated CO2 , for all species except Cyclotella sp. Timing of maximum cell concentrations of those genera studied in monoculture occurred in the lake in order of CO2 affinity when free CO2 concentrations dropped below air equilibrium. The results presented here suggest that as atmospheric levels of CO2 rise, R. raciborskii may become less of a problem to water quality, while some species of chlorophytes may become more dominant. This has implications for stakeholders of many freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lines
- The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Philip Orr
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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11
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Ajani PA, Petrou K, Larsson ME, Nielsen DA, Burke J, Murray SA. Phenotypic trait variability as an indication of adaptive capacity in a cosmopolitan marine diatom. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:207-223. [PMID: 33118307 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Determining the adaptive capacity of marine phytoplankton is important in predicting changes in phytoplankton responses to ocean warming. Phytoplankton may consist of high levels of standing phenotypic and genetic variability, the basis of rapid evolution; however, few studies have quantified trait variability within and amongst closely related diatom species. Using 35 clonal cultures of the ubiquitous marine diatom Leptocylindrus isolated from six locations, spanning 2000 km of the south-eastern Australian coastline, we found evidence of significant intraspecific morphological and metabolic trait variability, which for 8 of 9 traits (growth rate, biovolume, C:N, silica deposition, silica incorporation rate, chl-a, and photosynthetic efficiency under dark adapted, growth irradiance, and high-light adaptation) were greater within a species than between species. Moreover, only two traits revealed a latitudinal trend with strains isolated from lower latitudes showing significantly higher silicification rates and protein:lipid content compared to their higher latitude counterparts. These data mirror recent studies on diatom intraspecific genetic diversity, which has found comparable levels of genetic diversity at a single site to those thousands of kilometres apart, and provide evidence of a functional role of diatom diversity that will allow for rapid adaptation via ecological selection on standing variation in response to changing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope A Ajani
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Katherina Petrou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Michaela E Larsson
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Daniel A Nielsen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Joel Burke
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Shauna A Murray
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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12
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Sidelev S, Koksharova O, Babanazarova O, Fastner J, Chernova E, Gusev E. Phylogeographic, toxicological and ecological evidence for the global distribution of Raphidiopsis raciborskii and its northernmost presence in Lake Nero, Central Western Russia. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 98:101889. [PMID: 33129449 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Raphidiopsis raciborskii is a freshwater, potentially toxigenic cyanobacterium, originally described as a tropical species that is spreading to northern regions over several decades. The ability of R. raciborskii to produce cyanotoxins - in particular the alkaloid cylindrospermopsin (CYN), which is toxic to humans and animals - is of serious concern. The first appearance of R. raciborskii in Russia was noted in Lake Nero in the summer of 2010. This is the northernmost (57°N) recorded case of the simultaneous presence of R. raciborskii and detection of CYN. In this study, the data from long-term monitoring of the R. raciborskii population, temperature and light conditions in Lake Nero were explored. CYN and cyr/aoa genes present in environmental samples were examined using HPLC/MS-MS and PCR analysis. A R. raciborskii strain (R104) was isolated and its morphology, toxigenicity and phylogeography were studied. It is supposed that the trigger factor for the strong development of R. raciborskii in Lake Nero in summer 2010 may have been the relatively high water temperature, reaching 29-30 °C. Strain R. raciborskii R104 has straight trichomes and can produce akinetes, making it morphologically similar to European strains. Phylogeographic analysis based on nifH gene and 16S-23S rRNA ITS1 sequences showed that the Russian strain R104 grouped together with R. raciborskii strains isolated from Portugal, France, Germany and Hungary. The Russian strain R104 does not contain cyrA and cyrB genes, meaning that it - like all European strains - cannot produce CYN. Thus, while recent invasion of R. raciborskii into Lake Nero has occurred, morphological, genetic, and toxicological data supported the spreading of this cyanobacterium from other European lakes. Detection of CYN and cyr/aoa genes in environmental samples indicated the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon gracile as a likely producer of CYN in Lake Nero. The article also discusses data on the global biogeography of R. raciborskii. Genetic similarity between R. raciborskii strains isolated from very remote continents might be related to the ancient origin of the cyanobacterium inhabiting the united continents of Laurasia and Gondwana, rather than comparably recent transoceanic exchange between R. raciborskii populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Sidelev
- Regional Center for Ecological Safety of Water Resources, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Olga Koksharova
- Belozersky Institute of Physicо-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Babanazarova
- Regional Center for Ecological Safety of Water Resources, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina Chernova
- Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Gusev
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Rangel LM, Silva LHS, Faassen EJ, Lürling M, Ger KA. Copepod Prey Selection and Grazing Efficiency Mediated by Chemical and Morphological Defensive Traits of Cyanobacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12070465. [PMID: 32708114 PMCID: PMC7404970 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton anti-grazer traits control zooplankton grazing and are associated with harmful blooms. Yet, how morphological versus chemical phytoplankton defenses regulate zooplankton grazing is poorly understood. We compared zooplankton grazing and prey selection by contrasting morphological (filament length: short vs. long) and chemical (saxitoxin: STX- vs. STX+) traits of a bloom-forming cyanobacterium (Raphidiopsis) offered at different concentrations in mixed diets with an edible phytoplankton to a copepod grazer. The copepod selectively grazed on the edible prey (avoidance of cyanobacteria) even when the cyanobacterium was dominant. Avoidance of the cyanobacterium was weakest for the “short STX-” filaments and strongest for the other three strains. Hence, filament size had an effect on cyanobacterial avoidance only in the STX- treatments, while toxin production significantly increased cyanobacterial avoidance regardless of filament size. Moreover, cyanobacterial dominance reduced grazing on the edible prey by almost 50%. Results emphasize that the dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria such as Raphidiopsis can interfere with copepod grazing in a trait specific manner. For cyanobacteria, toxin production may be more effective than filament size as an anti-grazer defense against selectively grazing zooplankton such as copepods. Our results highlight how multiple phytoplankton defensive traits interact to regulate the producer-consumer link in plankton ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M. Rangel
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (L.M.R.); (L.H.S.S.)
| | - Lúcia H. S. Silva
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (L.M.R.); (L.H.S.S.)
| | - Elisabeth J. Faassen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (K.A.G.)
| | - Kemal Ali Ger
- Center for Coastal Limnological and Marine Studies (CECLIMAR), Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande de Sul, 95625-000 Imbé, Brazil
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (K.A.G.)
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14
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Wejnerowski Ł, Falfushynska H, Horyn O, Osypenko I, Kokociński M, Meriluoto J, Jurczak T, Poniedziałek B, Pniewski F, Rzymski P. In Vitro Toxicological Screening of Stable and Senescing Cultures of Aphanizomenon, Planktothrix, and Raphidiopsis. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E400. [PMID: 32560354 PMCID: PMC7354461 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity of cyanobacteria is the subject of ongoing research, and a number of toxic metabolites have been described, their biosynthesis pathways have been elucidated, and the mechanism of their action has been established. However, several knowledge gaps still exist, e.g., some strains produce hitherto unknown toxic compounds, while the exact dynamics of exerted toxicity during cyanobacterial growth still requires further exploration. Therefore, the present study investigated the toxicity of extracts of nine freshwater strains of Aphanizomenon gracile, an Aphanizomenon sp. strain isolated from the Baltic Sea, a freshwater strain of Planktothrix agardhii, and two strains of Raphidiopsis raciborskii obtained from 25- and 70-day-old cultures. An in vitro experimental model based on Cyprinus carpio hepatocytes (oxidative stress markers, DNA fragmentation, and serine/threonine protein activity) and brain homogenate (cholinesterase activity) was employed. The studied extracts demonstrated toxicity to fish cells, and in general, all examined extracts altered at least one or more of considered parameters, indicating that they possess, to some degree, toxic potency. Although the time from which the extracts were obtained had a significant importance for the response of fish cells, we observed strong variability between the different strains and species. In some strains, extracts that originated from 25-day-old cultures triggered more harmful effects on fish cells compared to those obtained from 70-day-old cultures, whereas in other strains, we observed the opposite effect or a lack of a significant change. Our study revealed that there was no clear or common pattern regarding the degree of cyanobacterial bloom toxicity at a given stage of development. This means that young cyanobacterial blooms that are just forming can pose an equally toxic threat to aquatic vertebrates and ecosystem functioning as those that are stable or old with a tendency to collapse. This might be largely due to a high variability of strains in the bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Wejnerowski
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Halina Falfushynska
- Department of Orthopedagogy and Physical Therapy, Ternopil V. Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine; (O.H.); (I.O.)
| | - Oksana Horyn
- Department of Orthopedagogy and Physical Therapy, Ternopil V. Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine; (O.H.); (I.O.)
| | - Inna Osypenko
- Department of Orthopedagogy and Physical Therapy, Ternopil V. Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine; (O.H.); (I.O.)
| | - Mikołaj Kokociński
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Jussi Meriluoto
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Tomasz Jurczak
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Barbara Poniedziałek
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Filip Pniewski
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
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15
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Xiao M, Hamilton DP, Chuang A, Burford MA. Intra-population strain variation in phosphorus storage strategies of the freshwater cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5837077. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Several cyanobacteria, including diazotrophic Raphidiopsis raciborskii, can form harmful blooms when dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentrations are very low. We hypothesized that R. raciborskii strains would vary in phosphorus (P) allocations to cell growth and storage, providing resilience of populations to continuously low or variable P supplies. We tested this hypothesis using six toxic strains (producing cylindrospermopsins) isolated from a field population using batch monocultures with and without P and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). Treatments replete with DIN, irrespective of P addition, had similar exponential growth rates for individual strains. P storage capacity varied 4-fold among strains and was significantly higher in DIN-free treatments than in replete treatments. P was stored by all R. raciborskii strains, in preference to allocation to increase growth rates. P stores decreased with increased growth rate across strains, but weeere not related to the time to P starvation in P-free treatments. The storage capacity of R. raciborskii, combined with strategies to efficiently uptake P, means that P controls may not control R. raciborskii populations in the short term. Intra-population strain variation in P storage capacity will need to be reflected in process-based models to predict blooms of R. raciborskii and other cyanobacteria adapted to low-P conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xiao
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - David P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Ann Chuang
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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16
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Xiao M, Hamilton DP, O'Brien KR, Adams MP, Willis A, Burford MA. Are laboratory growth rate experiments relevant to explaining bloom-forming cyanobacteria distributions at global scale? HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 92:101732. [PMID: 32113600 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Predicting algal population dynamics using models informed by experimental data has been used as a strategy to inform the management and control of harmful cyanobacterial blooms. We selected toxic bloom-forming species Microcystis spp. and Raphidiopsis raciborskii (basionym Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) for further examination as they dominate in 78 % and 17 %, respectively, of freshwater cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs) reported globally over the past 30 years. Field measurements of cyanoHABs are typically based on biomass accumulation, but laboratory experiments typically measure growth rates, which are an important variable in cyanoHAB models. Our objective was to determine the usefulness of laboratory studies of these cyanoHAB growth rates for simulating the species dominance at a global scale. We synthesized growth responses of M. aeruginosa and R. raciborskii from 20 and 16 culture studies, respectively, to predict growth rates as a function of two environmental variables, light and temperature. Predicted growth rates of R. raciborskii exceeded those of M. aeruginosa at temperatures ≳ 25 °C and light intensities ≳ 150 μmol photons m-2 s-1. Field observations of biomass accumulation, however, show that M. aeruginosa dominates over R. raciborskii, irrespective of climatic zones. The mismatch between biomass accumulation measured in the field, and what is predicted from growth rate measured in the laboratory, hinders effective use of culture studies to predict formation of cyanoHABs in the natural environment. The usefulness of growth rates measured may therefore be limited, and field experiments should instead be designed to examine key physiological attributes such as colony formation, buoyancy regulation and photoadaptation. Improving prediction of cyanoHABs in a changing climate requires a more effective integration of field and laboratory approaches, and an explicit consideration of strain-level variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xiao
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia.
| | - David P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Katherine R O'Brien
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Matthew P Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Anusuya Willis
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia; Australian National Algae Culture Collection, CSIRO, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
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17
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Willis A, Chuang AW, Orr PT, Beardall J, Burford MA. Subtropical freshwater phytoplankton show a greater response to increased temperature than to increased pCO 2. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 90:101705. [PMID: 31806159 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Global increases in atmospheric CO2 and temperatures will impact aquatic systems, with freshwater habitats being affected. Some studies suggest that these conditions will promote cyanobacterial dominance. There is a need for a clearer picture of how algal species and strains within species will respond to higher temperatures and CO2, especially in combination. This study examined two chlorophytes (Monoraphidium and Staurastrum), and two strains of the cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii (straight S07 and coiled C03), to determine how the combination of higher temperature and CO2 levels will affect their growth and maximum cell concentrations. Continuous cultures were used to compare the steady state cell concentrations at 28 °C and 30 °C, and CO2 partial pressures (pCO2), 400 and 750 ppm for all cultures, and in addition 1000 ppm at 28 °C for R. raciborskii strains. This study showed that, for all species, water temperature had a greater effect than higher pCO2 on cell concentrations. There were clear differences in response between the chlorophyte species, with Monoraphidium preferring 28 °C and Staurastrum preferring 30 °C. There were also differences in response of the R. raciborskii strains to increasing temperature and pCO2, with S07 having a greater increase in cell concentration. Genome analysis of R. raciborskii showed that the straight strain has five additional carbon acquisition genes (β-CA, chpY, cmpB, cmpD and NdhD4), indicative of increased carbon metabolism. These differences in the strains' response to elevated pCO2 will lead to changes in the species population structure and distribution in the water column. This study shows that it is important to examine the effects of both pCO2 and temperature, and to consider strain variation, to understand how species composition of natural systems may change under future climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Willis
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Ann W Chuang
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan Queensland 4111, Australia
| | | | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan Queensland 4111, Australia.
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18
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Tan X, Gu H, Ruan Y, Zhong J, Parajuli K, Hu J. Effects of nitrogen on interspecific competition between two cell-size cyanobacteria: Microcystis aeruginosa and Synechococcus sp. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 89:101661. [PMID: 31672227 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Micro-cyanobacteria and pico-cyanobacteria coexist in many lakes throughout the world. Their distinct cell sizes and nutrient utilization strategies may lead to dominance of one over the other at varying nutrient levels. In this study, Microcystis aeruginosa and Synechococcus sp. were chosen as representative organisms of micro- and pico-cyanobacteria, respectively. A series of nitrate and ammonia conditions (0.02, 0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 mg N L-1) were designed in mono- or co-cultured systems, respectively. Growth rates of the two species were calculated and fitted by the Monod and Logistic equations. Furthermore, the interspecific competition was analyzed using the Lotka-Volterra model. In mono-cultures, the two cyanobacteria displayed faster growth rates in ammonia than in nitrate. Meanwhile, Synechococcus sp. showed faster growth rates compared to M. aeruginosa in lower N groups (≤ 0.5 mg N L-1). However, in the highest nitrate treatment (2.5 mg N L-1), M. aeruginosa achieved much higher biomass and faster growth rates than Synechococcus sp.. In co-cultures, Synechococcus sp. dominated in the lowest N treatment (0.02 mg N L-1), but M. aeruginosa dominated under the highest nitrate condition (2.5 mg N L-1). Based on the analysis of Raman spectra of living cells in mono-cultures, nitrate (2.5 mg N L-1) upgraded the pigmentary contents of M. aeruginosa better than ammonia (2.5 mg N L-1), but nitrogen in different forms showed little effects on the pigments of Synechococcus sp.. Findings from this study can provide valuable information to predict cyanobacterial community succession and aquatic ecosystem stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Huihui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yinlan Ruan
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jiajia Zhong
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Keshab Parajuli
- School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Denistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC,3010, Australia
| | - Jianyong Hu
- Institute of Water Resources and Ocean Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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19
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Guedes IA, Pacheco ABF, Vilar MCP, Mello MM, Marinho MM, Lurling M, Azevedo SMFO. Intraspecific variability in response to phosphorus depleted conditions in the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Raphidiopsis raciborskii. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 86:96-105. [PMID: 31358281 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus loading plays an important role in the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms and understanding how this nutrient affects the physiology of cyanobacteria is imperative to manage these phenomena. Microcystis aeruginosa and Raphidiopsis raciborskii are cyanobacterial species that form potentially toxic blooms in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Blooms comprise numerous strains with high trait variability, which can contribute to the widespread distribution of these species. Here, we explored the intraspecific variability in response to phosphorus depleted conditions (P-) testing five strains of each species. Strains could be differentiated by cell volume or genetic profiles except for those of the same species, sampling location and date, though these presented differences in their response to (P-). Although differently affected by (P-) over 10 days, all strains were able to grow and maintain photosynthetic activity. For most M. aeruginosa and R. raciborskii strains growth rates were not significantly different comparing (P+) and (P-) conditions. After ten days in (P-), only one M. aeruginosa strain and two R. raciborskii strains showed reduction in biovolume yield as compared to (P+) but in most strains chlorophyll-a concentrations were lower in (P-) than in (P+). Reduced photosystem II efficiency was found for only one R. raciborskii strain while all M. aeruginosa strains were affected. Only two M. aeruginosa and one R. raciborskii strain increased alkaline phosphatase activity under (P-) as compared to (P+). Variation in P-uptake was also observed but comparison among strains yielded homogeneous groups comprised of representatives of both species. Comparing the response of each species as a whole, the (P-) condition affected growth rate, biovolume yield and chlorophyll yield. However, these parameters revealed variation among strains of the same species to the extent that differences between M. aeruginosa and R. raciborskii were not significant. Taken together, these results do not support the idea that R. raciborskii, as a species, can withstand phosphorus limitation better than M. aeruginosa and also point that the level of intraspecific variation may preclude generalizations based on studies that use only one or few strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iame Alves Guedes
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz F Pacheco
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-902, Brazil
| | - Mauro C P Vilar
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-902, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Mello
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Manzi Marinho
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miquel Lurling
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra M F O Azevedo
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-902, Brazil.
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20
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Kubickova B, Laboha P, Hildebrandt JP, Hilscherová K, Babica P. Effects of cylindrospermopsin on cultured immortalized human airway epithelial cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:620-628. [PMID: 30597370 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic eutrophication of freshwater bodies increases the occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms. The cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is detected in the environment with increasing frequency, driving the scientific effort to assess emerging health risks from CYN-producing blooms. Oral exposure to CYN results primarily in hepatotoxicity. Nevertheless, extrahepatic manifestations of CYN toxicity have been reported. Furthermore, cyanotoxins have been detected in aerosols and dust particles, suggesting potential toxic effects in the respiratory tract. To assess the susceptibility of airway epithelia towards cyanotoxins, monolayers of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells HBE1 and 16HBE14o- were exposed to a concentration range of 0.1-10 μM CYN. Cytotoxic endpoints were assessed as morphologic alterations, resazurin reduction capacity, esterase activity, neutral red uptake, and by impedimetric real-time cell analysis. Depending on the endpoint assessed, EC50 values ranged between 0.7 and 1.8 μM (HBE1) and 1.6-4.8 μM (16HBE14o-). To evaluate alterations of other cellular events by subcytotoxic concentration of CYN (1 μM), phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK and p38 was determined. Only a slight increase in p38 phosphorylation was induced by CYN in HBE1 cell line after 48 h, while activities of both ERK1/2 and p38 gradually and significantly increased in 16HBE14o- cells during 8-48 h exposure. This study suggests possible hazards of inhalation CYN exposures, which may severely impact the integrity of airway epithelia and epithelial cell signaling. Further research of CYN-induced toxicity and underlying mechanisms is needed, as well as more data on environmental concentrations of cyanotoxins in aerosols for exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kubickova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Laboha
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan-Peter Hildebrandt
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 1, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Klara Hilscherová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Babica
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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21
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Fu Q, Yeung ACY, Fujii M, Neilan BA, Waite TD. Physiological responses of the freshwater N
2
‐fixing cyanobacterium
Raphidiopsis raciborskii
to Fe and N availabilities. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1211-1223. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Long Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Tokyo Japan
| | - Anna C. Y. Yeung
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Tokyo Japan
| | - Brett A. Neilan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of Newcastle Newcastle Australia
| | - T. David Waite
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
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22
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Willis A, Chuang AW, Dyhrman S, Burford MA. Differential expression of phosphorus acquisition genes in response to phosphorus stress in two Raphidiopsis raciborskii strains. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 82:19-25. [PMID: 30928007 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii is a nuisance in freshwater ecosystems. Strains vary in their physiological responses to environmental drivers, thus a greater understanding of the magnitude of strain variation is required to characterize the species. In this study, two strains of R. raciborskii isolated from a tropical Australian water reservoir were grown with and without phosphorus (P) to determine any relative response to P stress. The strains had the same growth rates and under P free conditions, cells grew at the same rate as P replete conditions until day 9 when cell growth ceased. There was no difference in the alkaline phosphatase activity per cell for the P replete and P free conditions, but the level of activity per cell was greater in CS-505 than CS-506. P acquisition genes were identified from the sequenced genomes; both strains contained the same genes, but with differences in copy number of phoA (7 and 6), phnK (3 and 1) and phnH (2 and 1) between CS-505 and CS-506 (respectively). The expression of P acquisition genes under P stress was measured throughout the experiment and shown to vary in magnitude and timing across strains, and in P replete versus P free cultures. In strain CS-505, upregulation of the pstS1 and phoA genes occurred late in the growth phase and into senescence. These genes are involved in phosphate uptake and use of various forms of organic P. For strain CS-506, there was upregulation of the phosphate uptake gene, pit, and organic P utilization genes, phoA, phoU, phnD and phnK, commencing late in the growth phase. Our study shows that despite the fact that these two strains were isolated from the same waterbody, they differed markedly in their gene expression response to P free conditions. This capacity of R. raciborskii to vary in strain responses to P conditions gives the organism flexibility in responding to environmental change, particularly P stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Willis
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Ann W Chuang
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Queensland, Australia
| | - Sonya Dyhrman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades NY, 10964, USA
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Queensland, Australia
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23
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D'Agostino PM, Boundy MJ, Harwood TD, Carmichael WW, Neilan BA, Wood SA. Re-evaluation of paralytic shellfish toxin profiles in cyanobacteria using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Toxicon 2019; 158:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Calado SLDM, Santos GS, Leite TPB, Wojciechowski J, Nadaline M, Bozza DC, Magalhães VFD, Cestari MM, Prodocimo V, Silva de Assis HC. Depuration time and sublethal effects of microcystins in a freshwater fish from water supply reservoir. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:805-815. [PMID: 30041158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxins that have been considered to be a worldwide problem due the effects that they can cause to environmental and human health systems. The Iraí Reservoir, located in the South of Brazil, is used as a water supply and MCs concentrations have been reported in this ecosystem. This study aimed to determine the MCs concentrations in the Iraí Reservoir and to evaluate the MCs depuration time and the health of Geophagus brasiliensis using biomarkers. Water and fish samples were collected in the Iraí Reservoir from August 2015 to May 2016. Phytoplankton and chemical analyses were conducted using water samples and the fish were divided into two groups; the Immediate Group (IMM) and the Depuration Group (DEP). In the IMM group, the blood, liver, muscle, brain and gills were collected, in order to evaluate the genotoxic, biochemical and chemical biomarkers. The DEP group was used in the depuration experiment for 90 days, and after this period the fish were submitted to the same procedure as the IMM group. Our results suggested that fish accumulated MCs and it may have caused oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and molecular damage. Furthermore, MCs concentrations increased during the depuration time and it resulted in molecular damage over the first 30 days. After 90 days, the recovery of the antioxidant system occurred. The depuration started on the 15th day, however, the toxins were still present in the samples. Therefore, the effects and the persistence of MCs are a risk to environmental systems and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Loise de Morais Calado
- Ecology and Conservation Program Post-Graduation, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Souza Santos
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
| | - Talitha Pires Borges Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Wojciechowski
- Ecology and Conservation Program Post-Graduation, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
| | - Mário Nadaline
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
| | - Deivyson Cattine Bozza
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
| | | | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
| | - Viviane Prodocimo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
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25
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Lines T, Beardall J. Carbon acquisition characteristics of six microalgal species isolated from a subtropical reservoir: potential implications for species succession. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:599-607. [PMID: 30055070 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CO2 levels in freshwater systems can fluctuate widely, potentially influencing photosynthetic rates and growth of phytoplankton. Given the right conditions, this can lead to bloom formation and affect water quality. This study investigated the acquisition of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by six species of microalgae, a cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, the diatoms Cyclotella sp., Nitzschia sp., and the green algae Stichococcus sp., Staurastrum sp., and Monoraphidium sp., all isolated from a subtropical reservoir in Australia. Carbon acquisition characteristics, specifically the affinity for DIC, internal pH, and internal DIC concentrations were measured. Affinities for CO2 ( K0.5(CO2) ) ranged between 0.7 and 6 μM CO2 . This was considerably lower than air-equilibrated surface water CO2 concentrations, and below reported affinities for CO2 of RuBisCO suggesting operation of active carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) in all species. Internal pH was lowest for Cyclotella sp. at 7.19, and highest for Staurastrum sp., at 7.71. At 180 μM external DIC, ratios of internal:external CO2 ranged from 2.5 for Nitzschia sp. to 14 in C. raciborskii. Internal HCO3- concentration showed a linear relationship with surface area to biovolume ratio (SA:Vol). We hypothesized that species with a higher SA:Vol suffer more from diffusive escape of CO2 , thus storage of DIC as bicarbonate is favored in these strains. For C. raciborskii, under stratified summer conditions, its strong CCM, and resilient photosynthetic characteristics may contribute to its bloom forming capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lines
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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26
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Bertone E, Burford MA, Hamilton DP. Fluorescence probes for real-time remote cyanobacteria monitoring: A review of challenges and opportunities. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 141:152-162. [PMID: 29783168 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a widespread deployment of submersible fluorescence sensors by water utilities. They are used to measure diagnostic pigments and estimate algae and cyanobacteria abundance in near real-time. Despite being useful and promising tools, operators and decision-makers often rely on the data provided by these probes without a full understanding of their limitations. As a result, this may lead to wrong and misleading estimations which, in turn, means that researchers and technicians distrust these sensors. In this review paper, we list and discuss the main limitations of such probes, as well as identifying the effect of environmental factors on pigment production, and in turn, the conversion to cyanobacteria abundance estimation. We argue that a comprehensive calibration approach to obtain reliable readings goes well beyond manufacturers' recommendations, and should involve several context-specific experiments. We also believe that if such a comprehensive set of experiments is conducted, the data collected from fluorescence sensors could be used in artificial intelligence modelling approaches to reliably predict, in near real-time, the presence and abundance of different cyanobacteria species. This would have significant benefits for both drinking and recreational water management, given that cyanobacterial toxicity, and taste and odour compounds production, are species-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertone
- Griffith School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - David P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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27
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Yang Y, Chen Y, Cai F, Liu X, Wang Y, Li R. Toxicity-associated changes in the invasive cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in response to nitrogen fluctuations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:1041-1049. [PMID: 29153475 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is of particular concern due to its ability to fix nitrogen (N), sporadic bloom, potential toxicity and apparent invasiveness. However, the toxicity associated behavior and response of toxic C. raciborskii under N fluctuations in water have been poorly investigated. The present study initiated based on the field survey in which Cylindrospermopsis species was found to have a high fitness under nitrate concentrations fluctuating from 0.02 mg L-1 to 2.90 mg L-1 in Chinese freshwater lakes. Examination on the role of short-term N fluctuations was conducted in two C. raciborskii strains which were exposed to a range of N concentrations supplied in two patterns, namely one-time pattern and ten-time pattern in which the equal amount of N was divided into ten-time accretions. The results showed the growth of both strains were not vulnerable to the transient nutrient fluctuations. The toxic strain showed considerable toxicological flexibility with the highest yield of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) obtained in the absence of N and the lowest in full medium. Generally, larger amounts of total CYN were observed at lower N levels, indicating that N deficiency promoted the intracellular accumulation and simultaneously restrained the extracellular release of CYN. Furthermore, CYN production was significantly different in two N supply patterns. The maximum quotas of intracellular and extracellular CYN in one-time pattern were respectively 2.79-3.53 and 3.94-7.20 times higher compared to the ten-time pattern. To our knowledge, our results are the first evidence of toxicity variations of C. raciborskii to the impermanent N fluctuations, shedding new light on its toxicological plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Youxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangfang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yilang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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28
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Willis A, Woodhouse JN, Ongley SE, Jex AR, Burford MA, Neilan BA. Genome variation in nine co-occurring toxic Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii strains. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 73:157-166. [PMID: 29602504 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria form harmful algal blooms and are highly adapted to a range of habitats, in part due to their phenotype plasticity. This plasticity is partially the result of co-existence of multiple strains within a single population. The toxic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii has remarkable phenotypic plasticity, strain variation and environmental adaptation resulting in an expansion of its global range. To understand the genetic basis of the high level of plasticity within a C. raciborskii population, the genomes of nine co-occurring strains were compared. The strains differed in morphology, toxin cell quotas and physiology, despite being obtained from a single water sample. Comparative genomics showed that three coiled strains were 3.9 Mbp in size, with 3544 ± 11 genes, while straight strains were 3.8 Mbp in size, with 3485 ± 20 genes. The core proteome comprised 86% of the genome and consisted of 2891 orthologous groups (OGs), whereas the variable genome comprised ∼14% (847 OGs), and the strain specific genome only ∼1% (433 OGs).There was a high proportion of variable strain-specific genes for the very closely related strains, which may underpin strain differentiation. The variable genes were associated with environmental responses and adaptation, particularly phage defence, DNA repair, membrane transport, and stress, illustrative of the adaptability of the strains in response to environmental and biological stressors. This study shows that high genomic variability exists between co-occurring strains and may be the basis of strain phenotypic differences and plasticity of populations. Therefore management and prediction of blooms of this harmful species requires different approaches to capture this strain variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Willis
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jason N Woodhouse
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah E Ongley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron R Jex
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Brett A Neilan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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29
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Turner AD, Dhanji-Rapkova M, O'Neill A, Coates L, Lewis A, Lewis K. Analysis of Microcystins in Cyanobacterial Blooms from Freshwater Bodies in England. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E39. [PMID: 29324646 PMCID: PMC5793126 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater bodies in England are currently monitored reactively, with samples containing more than 20,000 cells/mL of potentially toxin-producing species by light microscopy resulting in action by the water body owner. Whilst significantly reducing the risk of microcystin exposure, there is little data describing the levels of these toxins present in cyanobacterial blooms. This study focused on the quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of microcystins in freshwater samples, collected across England during 2016 and found to contain potentially toxin-producing cyanobacteria. More than 50% of samples contained quantifiable concentrations of microcystins, with approximately 13% exceeding the WHO medium health threshold of 20 μg/L. Toxic samples were confirmed over a nine-month period, with a clear increase in toxins during late summer, but with no apparent geographical patterns. No statistical relationships were found between total toxin concentrations and environmental parameters. Complex toxin profiles were determined and profile clusters were unrelated to cyanobacterial species, although a dominance of MC-RR was determined in water samples from sites associated with lower rainfall. 100% of samples with toxins above the 20 μg/L limit contained cell densities above 20,000 cells/mL or cyanobacterial scum, showing the current regime is suitable for public health. Conversely, with only 18% of cell density threshold samples having total microcystins above 20 μg/L, there is the potential for reactive water closures to unnecessarily impact upon the socio-economics of the local population. In the future, routine analysis of bloom samples by LC-MS/MS would provide a beneficial confirmatory approach to the current microscopic assessment, aiding both public health and the needs of water users and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Turner
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Monika Dhanji-Rapkova
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Alison O'Neill
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Lewis Coates
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Adam Lewis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Katy Lewis
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Rd, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK.
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30
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Molecular and morphological survey of saxitoxin-producing cyanobacterium Dolichospermum circinale ( Anabaena circinalis ) isolated from geographically distinct regions of Australia. Toxicon 2017; 138:68-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Xiao M, Adams MP, Willis A, Burford MA, O'Brien KR. Variation within and between cyanobacterial species and strains affects competition: Implications for phytoplankton modelling. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 69:38-47. [PMID: 29122241 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii are two harmful species which co-occur and successively dominate in freshwaters globally. Within-species strain variability affects cyanobacterial population responses to environmental conditions, and it is unclear which species/strain would dominate under different environmental conditions. This study applied a Monte Carlo approach to a phytoplankton dynamic growth model to identify how growth variability of multiple strains of these two species affects their competition. Pairwise competition between four M. aeruginosa and eight C. raciborskii strains was simulated using a deterministic model, parameterized with laboratory measurements of growth and light attenuation for all strains, and run at two temperatures and light intensities. 17 000 runs were simulated for each pair using a statistical distribution with Monte Carlo approach. The model results showed that cyanobacterial competition was highly variable, depending on strains present, light and temperature conditions. There was no absolute 'winner' under all conditions as there were always strains predicted to coexist with the dominant strains, which were M. aeruginosa strains at 20°C and C. raciborskii strains at 28°C. The uncertainty in prediction of species competition outcomes was due to the substantial variability of growth responses within and between strains. Overall, this study demonstrates that within-species strain variability has a potentially large effect on cyanobacterial population dynamics, and therefore this variability may substantially reduce confidence in predicting outcomes of phytoplankton competition in deterministic models, that are based on only one set of parameters for each species or strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xiao
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; School of Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Matthew P Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anusuya Willis
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; School of Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Katherine R O'Brien
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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32
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The Abundance of Toxic Genotypes Is a Key Contributor to Anatoxin Variability in Phormidium-Dominated Benthic Mats. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15100307. [PMID: 29019928 PMCID: PMC5666415 DOI: 10.3390/md15100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of benthic proliferations of the anatoxin-producing cyanobacterium Phormidium are increasing in cobble-bed rivers worldwide. Studies to date have shown high spatial and temporal variability in anatoxin concentrations among mats. In this study we determined anatoxin quotas (toxins per cell) in field samples and compared these results to the conventionally-used concentrations (assessed per dry weight of mat). Three mats were selected at sites in two rivers and were sampled every 2–3 h for 24–26 h. The samples were lyophilized and ground to a fine homogenous powder. Two aliquots of known weights were analyzed for anatoxin congeners using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, or digital droplet PCR with Phormidium-specific anaC primers to measure absolute quantities of gene copies. Anatoxin concentrations in the mats varied 59- and 303-fold in the two rivers over the study periods. A similar pattern was observed among gene copies (53- and 2828-fold). When converted to anatoxin quotas there was markedly less variability (42- and 16-fold), but significantly higher anatoxin quotas were observed in mats from the second river (p < 0.001, Student’s t-test). There were no obvious temporal patterns with high and low anatoxin concentrations or quotas measured at each sampling time and across the study period. These results demonstrate that variability in anatoxin concentrations among mats is primarily due to the abundance of toxic genotypes. No consistent modulation in anatoxin production was observed during the study, although significant differences in anatoxin quotas among rivers suggest that site-specific physiochemical or biological factors may influence anatoxin production.
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Nguyen TTL, Hoang TH, Nguyen TK, Duong TT. The occurrence of toxic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and its toxin cylindrospermopsin in the Huong River, Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:490. [PMID: 28884325 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This research reports the presence of species Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and cylindrospermopsin (CYN) in the Huong River and the relationship between species with environmental factors to find a scientific basis for predicting the risk of pollution of the species and CYN in waters. Strains of C. raciborskii isolated from the river were also identified as potentially toxin-producing through the determination of the presence of toxins in the cultures by ELISA; the presence of the genes involved by PCR confirms the CYN-producing ability of species C. raciborskii from this water body. Our results have confirmed the presence of toxic cyanobacteria C. raciborskii in the Huong River. C. raciborskii from the Huong River are mostly solitary, straight trichomes. Analyses of all C. raciborskii strains from the Huong River by ELISA for cylindrospermopsin were positive. The contents of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) in each strain were different, ranging from 5.25 ng mg-1 wet weight in CR1DD to 70.83 ng mg-1 wet weight in CR1NY. PCR analysis confirmed that the genes involved in the production of this cyanotoxin were present in C. raciborskii. The relationship between densities and toxicity showed a correlation coefficient R of 0.88. This was a relatively high positive correlation index, indicating the close links between densities and toxins: toxin CYN concentrations increased when C. raciborskii densities increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Lien Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Road 10, Phu Thuong commune, Phu Vang district, Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam.
| | - Tien Hien Hoang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Road 10, Phu Thuong commune, Phu Vang district, Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam
| | - Trung Kien Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Hydrobiology, Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, A30, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thuy Duong
- Department of Environmental Hydrobiology, Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, A30, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Casali SP, Dos Santos ACA, de Falco PB, Calijuri MDC. Influence of environmental variables on saxitoxin yields by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in a mesotrophic subtropical reservoir. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2017; 15:509-518. [PMID: 28771148 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2017.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Saxitoxins are a class of toxins produced by at least two groups of evolutionarily distant organisms (cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates). While the toxicity of these toxins is relatively well characterized, to date little is known about their drivers and ecological functions, especially in lower latitude tropical and subtropical freshwater ecosystems. In the present study, we aimed to obtain a better understanding of the main drivers of saxitoxin concentrations in aquatic environments. We investigated the relationships among saxitoxin concentrations in a mesotrophic subtropical reservoir dominated by the cyanobacteria Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii with physical, chemical and biological water variables. The highest saxitoxin concentrations were 0.20 μg·L-1, which occurred in the samples with the highest densities of C. raciborskii (maximum of 4.3 × 104 org·mL-1) and the highest concentration of dissolved nutrients (nitrate from 0.2 to 0.8 μg·L-1, ortophosphate from 0.3 to 8.5 μg·L-1). These correlations were confirmed by statistical analyses. However, the highest saxitoxin relative concentrations (per trichome) were associated with lower C. raciborskii densities, suggesting that saxitoxin production or the selection of saxitoxin-producing strains was associated with the adaptation of this species to conditions of stress. Our results indicate that C. raciborskii toxin yields vary depending on the enrichment conditions having potential implications for reservoir management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pereira Casali
- Laboratório de Biotoxicologia de Águas Continentais e Efluentes (BIOTACE), Escola de Engenharia do São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400. CEP 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - André Cordeiro Alves Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil E-mail:
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Calijuri
- Laboratório de Biotoxicologia de Águas Continentais e Efluentes (BIOTACE), Escola de Engenharia do São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400. CEP 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Gaget V, Lau M, Sendall B, Froscio S, Humpage AR. Cyanotoxins: Which detection technique for an optimum risk assessment? WATER RESEARCH 2017; 118:227-238. [PMID: 28433693 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The presence of toxigenic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in drinking water reservoirs poses a risk to human and animal health worldwide. Guidelines and health alert levels have been issued in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines for three major toxins, which are therefore the subject of routine monitoring: microcystin, cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxin. While it is agreed that these toxic compounds should be monitored closely, the routine surveillance of these bioactive chemicals can be done in various ways and deciding which technique to use can therefore be challenging. This study compared several assays available for the detection of these toxins and their producers in environmental samples: microscopy (for identification and enumeration of cyanobacteria), ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbant Assay), PPIA (Protein phosphatase inhibition assay), PSI (Protein synthesis inhibition), chemical analysis and PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Results showed that there was generally a good correlation between the presence of potentially toxigenic cyanobacteria and the detection of the toxin by ELISA. Nevertheless data suggest that cell numbers and toxin concentrations measured in bioassays do not necessarily correlate and that enumeration of potentially toxic cyanobacteria by microscopy, while commonly used for monitoring and risk assessment, is not the best indicator of real toxin exposure. The concentrations of saxitoxins quantified by ELISA were significantly different than those measured by LC-MS, while results were comparable in both assays for microcystin and cylindrospermopsin. The evaluation of these analytical methods led to the conclusion that there is no "gold standard" technique for the detection of the aforementioned cyanotoxins but that the choice of detection assay depends on cost, practicality, reliability and comparability of results and essentially on the question to be answered, notably on toxin exposure potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Gaget
- South Australia Water Corporation, Australian Water Quality Centre, 250 Victoria Square, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Melody Lau
- South Australia Water Corporation, Australian Water Quality Centre, 250 Victoria Square, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Barbara Sendall
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Suzanne Froscio
- South Australia Water Corporation, Australian Water Quality Centre, 250 Victoria Square, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Andrew R Humpage
- South Australia Water Corporation, Australian Water Quality Centre, 250 Victoria Square, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Kokocinski M, Gagala I, Jasser I, Karosiene J, Kasperoviciene J, Kobos J, Koreiviene J, Soininen J, Szczurowska A, Woszczyk M, Mankiewicz-Boczek J. Distribution of invasive Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in the East-Central Europe is driven by climatic and local environmental variables. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3064889. [PMID: 28334256 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms behind expansion of an invasive cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii have not been fully resolved, and different hypotheses, such as global warming, are suggested. In the East-Central Europe, it is widely occurring in western part of Poland but only in single locations in the East due to some limiting factors. Therefore, broad-scale phytoplankton survey including 117 randomly selected lakes in Poland and Lithuania was conducted. The results showed that C. raciborskii occurred widely in western part of Poland but was absent from other regions and Lithuania except one lake. The regions in which C. raciborskii was present had higher annual mean air temperature, higher maximum air temperature of the warmest month and higher minimum temperature of the coldest month, demonstrating that average air temperature, and indirectly, the duration of growing season might be more important factor driving C. raciborskii distribution than measured in situ water temperature. In turn, the presence of C. raciborskii in single localities may be more related to physiological adaptations of separated ecotype. Collectively, these results provide novel evidence on the influence of temperature on C. raciborskii distribution in East-European regions but also indicate high ecological plasticity of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Kokocinski
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ilona Gagala
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364, Lódz, Poland
| | - Iwona Jasser
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jurate Karosiene
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurate Kasperoviciene
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justyna Kobos
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Judita Koreiviene
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janne Soininen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Agnieszka Szczurowska
- Department of General Ecology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Leszczynskiego 58, 20-068 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michal Woszczyk
- Department of Quaternary Geology and Paleogeography, Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University, Dziegielowa 27, 61-680 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Mankiewicz-Boczek
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lódz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lódz
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Rzymski P, Poniedziałek B, Mankiewicz-Boczek J, Faassen EJ, Jurczak T, Gągała-Borowska I, Ballot A, Lürling M, Kokociński M. Polyphasic toxicological screening of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Aphanizomenon gracile isolated in Poland. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xiao M, Willis A, Burford MA. Differences in cyanobacterial strain responses to light and temperature reflect species plasticity. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 62:84-93. [PMID: 28118895 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii are two cyanobacterial species that dominate freshwaters globally. Multiple strains of each species with different physiology occur, however, many studies have focused only on one or two strains, limiting our understanding of both strain variation and characterisation of the species. Therefore, in this study we examined the variation in growth and morphology of multiple isolates of both species, isolated from two adjacent Australian reservoirs. Four M. aeruginosa strains (=isolates) (one colony-forming, three single-celled morphology) and eight C. raciborskii isolates (five with straight trichomes, three with coiled trichomes) were cultured individually in a factorial designed experiment with four light intensities (L: 10, 30, 50 and 100μmol photons m-2s-1) and two temperatures (T: 20 and 28°C). The specific growth rate (μ), cell volume, and final cell concentration was measured. The light attenuation coefficient (kj), a measure of self-shading, was calculated. The results showed that the intraspecific variation was greater than the interspecific variation. The μ of all isolates of M. aeruginosa and C. raciborskii ranged from 0.16 to 0.55d-1 and 0.15 to 0.70d-1, respectively. However, at a specific light and temperature the mean μ of all M. aeruginosa isolates and C. raciborskii isolates were similar. At the species level, M. aeruginosa had higher growth rates at higher light intensity but lower temperature (L100T20), while straight C. raciborskii had higher growth rates at lower light intensity but higher temperature (L50T28), and coiled C. raciborskii had higher growth rates at higher light intensity and higher temperature (L100T28). The final cell concentrations of M. aeruginosa were higher than C. raciborskii. However, C. raciborskii isolates had greater variation in μ, kj and cell volume than M. aeruginosa. kj varied with light and temperature, and decreased with surface-to-volume ratio within each species. kj was lower for M. aeruginosa compared to C. raciborskii as expected based on cell size, but interestingly, C. raciborskii coiled isolates had lower kj than the straight isolates suggesting lower effect of self-shading. This study highlights the extent of strain variation to environmental conditions and to species variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xiao
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia; School of Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Anusuya Willis
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia; School of Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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Buratti FM, Manganelli M, Vichi S, Stefanelli M, Scardala S, Testai E, Funari E. Cyanotoxins: producing organisms, occurrence, toxicity, mechanism of action and human health toxicological risk evaluation. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:1049-1130. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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