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Kim SH, Cho H, Heo SW, Hwang E. APMP-APLAC joint proficiency testing programs for elemental analysis in food with metrological reference values: Assessment of participants' performance considering measurement uncertainties. Talanta 2023; 255:124184. [PMID: 36587428 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Asia Pacific Metrology Program (APMP) and the Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (APLAC) joint Proficiency Testing (PT) programs for toxic elements such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) or nutritional elements such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in food were organized by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) with the aim of enhancing the quality of measurement and metrological traceability in various economies of the Asia Pacific region by evaluating the performance with rigorous evaluation. Three APMP-APLAC joint PT programs for elemental analyses were carried out by KRISS sequentially, where candidate certified reference materials (CRMs) were used as the PT materials and metrologically traceable certified reference values (RVs) were used as the PT assigned values for the evaluation of participants' results, which allows reliable evaluation of participant performance. This article describes the operation of the PTs and the overall performance of the participating laboratories. The effectiveness of these joint PT programs and trends in PT performance assessment are also discussed. These PT programs confirm the significant importance of using the metrologically traceable RVs instead of the consensus values from participants as the PT assigned value for reliable assessment. The lack of understanding of the concept of coverage factor, degree of freedom, standard uncertainty, and expanded uncertainty was revealed by some participants in these PT programs. Interpreting the zeta-scores or En scores, which are derived by using measurement uncertainties, in conjunction with the z-scores is highly meaningful for assessing participants' ability in measurement capabilities and measurement uncertainty evaluation. Assessment of participants' performance considering measurement uncertainties helps the participants to check how reasonable their measurement uncertainty estimation was. The results of PTs also demonstrated that these PT programs are useful for improving the measurement capability of the laboratories, whereas more capability-building in uncertainty evaluation is required for further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Heun Kim
- Inorganic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hana Cho
- Inorganic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Heo
- Inorganic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Euijin Hwang
- 68 Daedeok-daero 541 beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34130, Republic of Korea.
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Liu X, Wang L, Li H, Yin J, Lv S, Zhu K. Investigation of the Presence of 22 Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Ginseng from Jilin Province, China. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1625-1629. [PMID: 31441687 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of organochlorine pesticide residues in 186 ginseng samples collected in Jilin, People's Republic of China. Based on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 method for detection of organochlorine pesticide residues in ginseng, 22 organochlorine pesticide residues were identified. Chlordane, aldrin, epichlorohydrin, and dieldrin and their isomers were not detected in ginseng from this region. Heptachlor was detected in only one ginseng sample, and the concentration did not exceed the maximum residual limit (MRL) prescribed in the Pharmacopoeia (0.05 mg/kg). Benzene hexachloride was detected in two samples, one of which was above the MRL. Hexachlorobenzene and pentachloronitrobenzene (quintozene) were found in 11.8 and 52.1% of the samples, respectively, and the residues in these samples exceeded the MRL by 4.3 and 8.6%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Juxin Yin
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowu Lv
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ketong Zhu
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Kim SH, Heo SW, Cho H, Yim YH, Lim Y, Lee K, Hwang E. Asia-Pacific Metrology Program (APMP) and Asia-Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (APLAC) joint proficiency testing with metrological reference values for hazardous elements in cabbage. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yarita T, Otake T, Aoyagi Y, Kuroiwa T, Numata M, Takatsu A. Proficiency testing for determination of pesticide residues in soybean: comparison of assigned values from participants' results and isotope-dilution mass spectrometric determination. Talanta 2015; 132:269-77. [PMID: 25476308 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proficiency testing (PT) for the determination of pesticide residues in soybean samples was organized by the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ). The candidate certified reference material, NMIJ CRM 7509-a, that was prepared from the raw soybeans containing target pesticides (diazinon, fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, and permethrin) was used as the test sample. Forty participants submitted two sets of analytical results along with the details of the analytical method and conditions they applied. Two types of assigned values were established for each target pesticide: one was derived from the analytical results of the participants, and the other was provided from the analytical results by isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). The latter values were 7.4-16% higher than the former values, plausibly because the analytical values from the IDMS measurements were not affected by the recovery ratio of the target pesticides during the analytical process. Thus, two kinds of z-scores were calculated for individual participants using the corresponding assigned values: one (z1-score) showed the relative performance score for the present PT and the other (z2-score) could be used for evaluation of the trueness of their analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yarita
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan.
| | - Takamitsu Otake
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Yoshie Aoyagi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kuroiwa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Masahiko Numata
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Akiko Takatsu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
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A multinational joint project on the evaluation of residual pesticide analysis in tea in the Asia Pacific region. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hon PYT, Wan MY, Sin DWM, Wong YC. Performance evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analysis in sediment from proficiency testing with metrological reference values. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7241-50. [PMID: 23831828 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a metrological approach to evaluate the measurement capability of laboratories participating in two proficiency testing (PT) programmes involving the analysis of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment samples. Reference values of PAHs in the programmes for performance assessment were obtained from an accurate isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry (ID-GCMS) method which was thoroughly validated and verified. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) technique usually has a well-defined measurement uncertainty budget and a traceability link to an International System of Units. Provision of the metrological reference values in PT enables the establishment of a technical platform to assess the actual competence of the participating laboratories in sediment PAHs analysis. Results of the PT programmes showed that about 80 % of the laboratories employed gas chromatography in their analyses and the remaining used liquid chromatography. Irrespective of the techniques being used, however, the majority of the participating laboratories were observed to underestimate values in which the mean values of the five reported PAHs were less than those of the ID-GCMS-derived reference values by 13-20 %. Only 41-44 % of the participating laboratories were able to achieve satisfactory z-scores. The present study revealed that the reinforcement of the capability for accurate measurement of PAHs in sediment samples in laboratories worldwide should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Y T Hon
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division, Government Laboratory, Homantin, Govt. Offices, 88 Chung Hau St., Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Identification of possible technical problems in determination of the major inorganic constituents of brown-rice flour by evaluating proficiency test results. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:8347-62. [PMID: 23907683 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To support skill upgrading in analysis of inorganic constituents of environmental and food samples, the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) and the National Food Research Institute (NFRI) have organized a proficiency test (PT) of determination of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd in brown-rice flour based on the international standard (ISO/IEC 17043:2010). One hundred and thirty-three sets of reports were assessed by use of the E(n)-number and z-score approaches in accordance with ISO/IEC 17043 and the international harmonized protocol for PT. The PT results and analytical procedures, reported in detail, were reviewed, and possible technical reasons for questionable or unsatisfactory results are discussed.
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Lee VW, Cheng JY, Cheung ST, Wong YC, Sin DW. The first international proficiency test on ketamine and norketamine in hair. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 219:272-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Soylak M, Cihan Z, Yilmaz E. Evaluation of trace element contents of some herbal plants and spices retailed in Kayseri, Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:3455-3461. [PMID: 21713464 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The trace element contents of seven kinds of herbal plants and spice samples retailed in local markets in Kayseri-Turkey were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after digestion with HNO(3)/H(2)O(2) mixture. The concentration ranges for the studied elements were found as 6.0-15.2, 0-32.2, 80.0-324.8, 8.1-386.3, and 13.1-36.2 μg/g for copper, nickel, iron, manganese, and zinc, respectively. The levels of cobalt, lead, and chromium ions in all the investigated samples were found to be below the detection limit of flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results found in the present work were compared with values in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Soylak
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
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Olivares IRB, Lopes FA. Essential steps to providing reliable results using the Analytical Quality Assurance Cycle. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhu Y, Kuroiwa T, Narukawa T, Inagaki K, Chiba K. Proficiency test in Japan for the elements in tea-leaf powder. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Evaluation of a proficiency test on cadmium and lead in herbal material using assigned reference values. Microchem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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