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Yao CB, Zhang M, Zhou X, Lei QY, Yin M. TAZ Q233del Hijacks Hippo pathway to promote mesenchymal-epithelial transition in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2240-2247. [PMID: 29953851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is crucial in organ size control, and its dysregulation contributes to tumorigenesis. TAZ is an essential molecule containing a WW domain in Hippo pathway and serves as transcription co-activator to modulate cell proliferation and induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in different human cancers, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In this study, we found that TAZQ233del, a deletion occurred at its transactivation domain, increases phosphorylation at TAZ Ser89, resulting in sequestration of TAZ in cytoplasm and inhibiting its transcriptional activity. Furthermore, ectopic expression of TAZQ233del promotes mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), demonstrating that Q233 is an essential site to control TAZ function. Our results disclose that TAZQ233del plays a major role in regulating malignancy of cancer cells by hijacking Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Bo Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yin
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Despite the high long-term survival in localized prostate cancer, metastatic prostate cancer remains largely incurable even after intensive multimodal therapy. The lethality of advanced disease is driven by the lack of therapeutic regimens capable of generating durable responses in the setting of extreme tumor heterogeneity on the genetic and cell biological levels. Here, we review available prostate cancer model systems, the prostate cancer genome atlas, cellular and functional heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment, tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance, and technological advances focused on disease detection and management. These advances, along with an improved understanding of the adaptive responses to conventional cancer therapies, anti-androgen therapy, and immunotherapy, are catalyzing development of more effective therapeutic strategies for advanced disease. In particular, knowledge of the heterotypic interactions between and coevolution of cancer and host cells in the tumor microenvironment has illuminated novel therapeutic combinations with a strong potential for more durable therapeutic responses and eventual cures for advanced disease. Improved disease management will also benefit from artificial intelligence-based expert decision support systems for proper standard of care, prognostic determinant biomarkers to minimize overtreatment of localized disease, and new standards of care accelerated by next-generation adaptive clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocan Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Denise J Spring
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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3
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Andrews MC, Wargo JA. Immunotherapy resistance: the answers lie ahead - not in front - of us. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:10. [PMID: 28239464 PMCID: PMC5319188 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of innate and adaptive resistance to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy are under intense investigation with a view to broadening the therapeutic potential of this form of treatment. In a recent manuscript by Zaretsky and colleagues, mutational events were identified that effectively crippled ongoing immunotherapy responses in patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. These results are discussed in the light of other recent and ongoing research efforts exploring both mutational and non-mutational resistance mechanisms, highlighting the critical translational importance of longitudinal tumor sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles C Andrews
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit Number 1484, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit Number 1484, Houston, TX 77030 USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit Number 1484, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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4
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Hirotsu Y, Kojima Y, Okimoto K, Amemiya K, Mochizuki H, Omata M. Comparison between two amplicon-based sequencing panels of different scales in the detection of somatic mutations associated with gastric cancer. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:833. [PMID: 27782820 PMCID: PMC5080794 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA), the International Cancer Genome Consortium and other research institutes have revealed the presence of genetic alterations in several tumor types, including gastric cancer. These data have been combined into a catalog of significantly mutated genes for each cancer type. However, it is unclear to what extent significantly mutated genes need to be examined for detecting genetic alterations in gastric cancer patients. Here, we constructed two custom-made sequencing panels of different scales, the Selective hotspot Panel and the Comprehensive Panel, to analyze genetic alterations in 21 resected specimens endoscopically obtained from 20 gastric cancer patients, and we assessed how many mutations were detectable using these different panels. RESULTS A total of 21 somatic mutations were identified by the Selective hotspot Panel and 70 mutations were detected by the Comprehensive Panel. All mutations identified by the Selective hotspot Panel were detected by the Comprehensive Panel, with high concordant values of the variant allelic fraction of each mutation (correlation coefficient, R = 0.92). At least one mutation was identified in 13 patients (65 %) by the Selective hotspot Panel, whereas the Comprehensive Panel detected mutations in 19 (95 %) patients. Library preparation and sequencing costs were comparable between the two panels. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the utility of comprehensive panel-based targeted sequencing in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Okimoto
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506 Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677 Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506 Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506 Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506 Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506 Japan
- The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
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Wargo JA, Reddy SM, Reuben A, Sharma P. Monitoring immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 41:23-31. [PMID: 27240055 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune monitoring in the tumor microenvironment allows for important insights into immune mechanisms of response and resistance to various cancer treatments; however clinical challenges exist using current strategies. Significant questions remain regarding monitoring of archival versus fresh tissue, assessment of static versus dynamic markers, evaluation of limited tissue samples, and the translation of insights gained from immunologically 'hot' tumors such as melanoma to other 'cold' tumor microenvironments prevalent in other cancer types. Current and emerging immune monitoring strategies will be examined herein, and genomic-based assays complementing these techniques will also be discussed. Finally, host genomic and external environmental factors influencing anti-tumor immune responses will be considered, including the role of the gut microbiome. Though optimal immune monitoring techniques are in evolution, great promise exists in recent advances that will help guide patient selection as far as type, sequence, and combination of therapeutic regimens to enhance anti-tumor immunity and clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sangeetha M Reddy
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 463, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Unit 1374, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Cooper ZA, Reuben A, Spencer CN, Prieto PA, Austin-Breneman JL, Jiang H, Haymaker C, Gopalakrishnan V, Tetzlaff MT, Frederick DT, Sullivan RJ, Amaria RN, Patel SP, Hwu P, Woodman SE, Glitza IC, Diab A, Vence LM, Rodriguez-Canales J, Parra ER, Wistuba II, Coussens LM, Sharpe AH, Flaherty KT, Gershenwald JE, Chin L, Davies MA, Clise-Dwyer K, Allison JP, Sharma P, Wargo JA. Distinct clinical patterns and immune infiltrates are observed at time of progression on targeted therapy versus immune checkpoint blockade for melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1136044. [PMID: 27141370 PMCID: PMC4839346 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1136044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have made major advances in the treatment of melanoma through the use of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade; however, clinicians are posed with therapeutic dilemmas regarding timing and sequence of therapy. There is a growing appreciation of the impact of antitumor immune responses to these therapies, and we performed studies to test the hypothesis that clinical patterns and immune infiltrates differ at progression on these treatments. We observed rapid clinical progression kinetics in patients on targeted therapy compared to immune checkpoint blockade. To gain insight into possible immune mechanisms behind these differences, we performed deep immune profiling in tumors of patients on therapy. We demonstrated low CD8+ T-cell infiltrate on targeted therapy and high CD8+ T-cell infiltrate on immune checkpoint blockade at clinical progression. These data have important implications, and suggest that antitumor immune responses should be assessed when considering therapeutic options for patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Cooper
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine N Spencer
- Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter A Prieto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob L Austin-Breneman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dennie T Frederick
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sapna P Patel
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott E Woodman
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabella C Glitza
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adi Diab
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luis M Vence
- Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edwin R Parra
- Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, OR, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Gershenwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lynda Chin
- Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen Clise-Dwyer
- Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - James P Allison
- Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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