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Poradowski D, Chrószcz A, Spychaj R, Wolińska J, Onar V. Influence of Metamizole on Antitumour Activity of Risedronate Sodium in In Vitro Studies on Canine (D-17) and Human (U-2 OS) Osteosarcoma Cell Lines. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1869. [PMID: 39200333 PMCID: PMC11351487 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The availability of metamizole varies greatly around the world. There are countries such as the USA, UK, or Australia where the use of metamizole is completely forbidden, and there are also countries where this drug is available only on prescription (e.g., Greece, Italy, Spain, etc.) and those in which it is sold OTC-over the counter (e.g., most Asian and South American countries). Metamizole, as a drug with a strong analgesic effect, is used as an alternative to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alone or in combination with opioid drugs. Risedronate sodium is a third-generation bisphosphonate commonly used in orthopaedic and metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, including hypercalcemia, postmenopausal osteoporosis, Paget's disease, etc. The aim of this study was to check whether there were any pharmacological interactions between metamizole and risedronate sodium in in vitro studies. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT method, the number of apoptotic cells was assessed using the labelling TUNEL method, and the cell cycle assessment was performed with a flow cytometer and propidium iodide. This was a pilot study, which is why only two cancer cell lines were tested: D-17 of canine osteosarcoma and U-2 OS of human osteosarcoma. Exposure of the canine osteosarcoma cell line to a combination of risedronate sodium (100 µg/mL) and metamizole (50, 5, and 0.5 µg/mL) resulted in the complete abolition of the cytoprotective activity of metamizole. In the human osteosarcoma cell line, the cytotoxic effect of risedronate sodium was entirely eliminated in the presence of 50 µg/mL of metamizole. The cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic effect of metamizole in combination with risedronate sodium in the tested human and canine osteosarcoma cell lines indicates an urgent need for further in vivo studies to confirm or disprove the potential dose-dependent undesirable effect of such a therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Poradowski
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksander Chrószcz
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Radosław Spychaj
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, J. Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wolińska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Vedat Onar
- Osteoarchaeology Practice and Research Centre & Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcılar, Istanbul, Türkiye
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de Brot S, Cobb J, Alibhai AA, Jackson-Oxley J, Haque M, Patke R, Harris AE, Woodcock CL, Lothion-Roy J, Varun D, Thompson R, Gomes C, Kubale V, Dunning MD, Jeyapalan JN, Mongan NP, Rutland CS. Immunohistochemical Investigation into Protein Expression Patterns of FOXO4, IRF8 and LEF1 in Canine Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1945. [PMID: 38792023 PMCID: PMC11120020 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common type of primary bone malignancy in people and dogs. Our previous molecular comparisons of canine OSA against healthy bone resulted in the identification of differentially expressed protein-expressing genes (forkhead box protein O4 (FOXO4), interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), and lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1)). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and H-scoring provided semi-quantitative assessment of nuclear and cytoplasmic staining alongside qualitative data to contextualise staining (n = 26 patients). FOXO4 was expressed predominantly in the cytoplasm with significantly lower nuclear H-scores. IRF8 H-scores ranged from 0 to 3 throughout the cohort in the nucleus and cytoplasm. LEF1 was expressed in all patients with significantly lower cytoplasmic staining compared to nuclear. No sex or anatomical location differences were observed. While reduced levels of FOXO4 might indicate malignancy, the weak or absent protein expression limits its primary use as diagnostic tumour marker. IRF8 and LEF1 have more potential for prognostic and diagnostic uses and facilitate further understanding of their roles within their respective molecular pathways, including Wnt/beta-catenin/LEF1 signalling and differential regulation of tumour suppressor genes. Deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in OSA are essential contributions towards the development of novel diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment options in human and veterinary medicine contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Brot
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
- Comparative Pathology Platform of the University of Bern (COMPATH), Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jack Cobb
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Aziza A. Alibhai
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Jorja Jackson-Oxley
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Maria Haque
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Rodhan Patke
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Anna E. Harris
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Corinne L. Woodcock
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Jennifer Lothion-Roy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Dhruvika Varun
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Rachel Thompson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Claudia Gomes
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Valentina Kubale
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Mark D. Dunning
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull B90 4NH, UK
| | - Jennie N. Jeyapalan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nigel P. Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull B90 4NH, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10075, USA
| | - Catrin S. Rutland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Wilk SS, Michalak K, Owczarek EP, Winiarczyk S, Zabielska-Koczywąs KA. Proteomic Analyses Reveal the Role of Alpha-2-Macroglobulin in Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3989. [PMID: 38612805 PMCID: PMC11011979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive bone neoplasia with high metastatic potential. Metastasis is the main cause of death associated with OSA, and there is no current treatment available for metastatic disease. Proteomic analyses, including matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF MS), are widely used to select molecular targets and identify proteins that may play a key role in primary tumours and at various steps of the metastatic cascade. The main aim of this study was to identify proteins differently expressed in canine OSA cell lines with different malignancy phenotypes (OSCA-8 and OSCA-32) compared to canine osteoblasts (CnOb). The intermediate aim of the study was to compare canine OSA cell migration capacity and assess its correlation with the malignancy phenotypes of each cell line. Using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analyses, we identified eight proteins that were significantly differentially expressed (p ≤ 0.05) in canine OSA cell lines compared to CnOb: cilia- and flagella-associated protein 298 (CFAP298), general transcription factor II-I (GTF2I), mirror-image polydactyly gene 1 protein (MIPOL1), alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M), phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1), ubiquitin (UB2L6), ectodysplasin-A receptor-associated adapter protein (EDARADD), and leucine-rich-repeat-containing protein 72 (LRRC72). Using the Simple Western technique, we confirmed high A2M expression in CnOb compared to OSCA-8 and OSCA-32 cell lines (with intermediate and low A2M expression, respectively). Then, we confirmed the role of A2M in cancer cell migration by demonstrating significantly inhibited OSA cell migration by treatment with A2M (both at 10 and 30 mM concentrations after 12 and 24 h) in a wound-healing assay. This study may be the first report indicating A2M's role in OSA cell metastasis; however, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to confirm its possible role as an anti-metastatic agent in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia S. Wilk
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (S.S.W.); (E.P.O.)
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (K.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Ewelina P. Owczarek
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (S.S.W.); (E.P.O.)
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, 4 Ks. Trojdena, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (K.M.); (S.W.)
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 5, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Katarzyna A. Zabielska-Koczywąs
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (S.S.W.); (E.P.O.)
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Wright TF, Brisson BA, Belanger CR, Tiessen A, Sabine V, Skowronski K, Wood GA, Oblak ML, Mutsaers AJ, Sears W, Bienzle D. Quantification of circulating tumour cells over time in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:541-550. [PMID: 37337253 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Enumeration of circulating tumour cells (CTC) has shown promise for prognostication and guidance of therapeutic decisions in human cancers. The objective of this study was to enumerate CTC over time in dogs with naturally occurring osteosarcoma (OSA), and to determine correlation with patient outcome. Twenty-six dogs with OSA and no evidence of metastatic disease at the time of amputation were enrolled. Dogs were assessed for lung metastases and CTC prior to and following amputation, and at each chemotherapy visit. Twenty-one dogs completed the study. Nineteen dogs were euthanized and two were alive and free of metastases. Overall survival time ranged from 88 to 1058 days (median survival time (MST) 374 days). Increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity, advanced age, and higher body weight were significantly associated with lower MST. Dogs with OSA had a mean of 356 (0 to 4443) CTC/106 leukocytes. In 12 of 15 dogs that developed radiographic evidence of metastasis, a pre-metastatic CTC spike was retrospectively detectable on average 36.5 (1-100 days) days prior to metastasis and was associated with significantly shorter MST (301 ± 64 vs. 626 ± 55 days; p = .0107). In a multivariable analysis, dogs with a CTC spike were 10× more likely to die compared with those without. These results suggest that a spike in CTC frequency precedes detection of metastasis in dogs with OSA and is associated with shorter survival. More frequent enumeration of CTC in a larger cohort of dogs with OSA may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya F Wright
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brigitte A Brisson
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine R Belanger
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Tiessen
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Sabine
- The Animal Cancer Centre, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karolina Skowronski
- The Animal Cancer Centre, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle L Oblak
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Sears
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Małek A, Wojnicki M, Borkowska A, Wójcik M, Ziółek G, Lechowski R, Zabielska-Koczywąs K. Gold Nanoparticles Inhibit Extravasation of Canine Osteosarcoma Cells in the Ex Ovo Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9858. [PMID: 37373007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone tumor with high metastatic potential and poor prognosis, mainly due to metastatic disease. Nanomedicine-based agents can be used to improve both primary and metastatic tumor treatment. Recently, gold nanoparticles were shown to inhibit different stages of the metastatic cascade in various human cancers. Here, we assessed the potential inhibitory effect of the glutathione-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au-GSH NPs) on canine OS cells extravasation, utilizing the ex ovo chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The calculation of cells extravasation rates was performed using wide-field fluorescent microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy and Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy revealed Au-GSH NPs absorption by OS cells. We demonstrated that Au-GSH NPs are non-toxic and significantly inhibit canine OS cells extravasation rates, regardless of their aggressiveness phenotype. The results indicate that Au-GSH NPs can act as a possible anti metastatic agent for OS treatment. Furthermore, the implemented CAM model may be used as a valuable preclinical platform in veterinary medicine, such as testing anti-metastatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Małek
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wojnicki
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Borkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wójcik
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Ziółek
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Lechowski
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zabielska-Koczywąs
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Walewska M, Małek A, Taciak B, Wojtalewicz A, Wilk S, Wojtkowska A, Zabielska-Koczywąs K, Lechowski R. PEG-liposomal doxorubicin as a potential agent for canine metastatic osteosarcoma - in vitro and ex ovo studies. J Vet Res 2023; 67:297-305. [PMID: 37786430 PMCID: PMC10541662 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) is a highly aggressive and metastatic primary bone tumour in dogs. Standard therapy is amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy (e.g. with doxorubicin). Liposomal drug delivery may augment therapeutic efficacy and reduce negative side effects. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-liposomal doxorubicin treats human metastatic cancers effectively. The study aimed was to evaluate PEG-liposomal doxorubicin's inhibitory effect on canine metastatic proliferation and migration in vitro. It also aimed to appraise the drug's extravasation inhibition in vivo using the human medicine-proven chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane ex ovo model. Material and Methods The canine D-17 OSA cell line was cultured and inoculated with decreasing concentrations of PEG-liposomal doxorubicin and conventional doxorubicin in a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test of cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry with Annexin V and Draq 7 staining confirmed the MTT test results, indicating dead, early and late apoptotic, and live cells. The inhibitory effect of the two preparations on cancer cell migration was investigated with a wound-healing assay. Culture plates seeded with cells were prepared. The cell monolayer was scratched and images of cells migrating to the scratch were captured at 0 h, 12 h and 24 h. Also, embryos were removed from three-day-incubated fertilised chicken eggs. On the 12th day, labelled D-17 cells were injected into each embryo. Embryos in one group received 100 μL of phosphate-buffered saline as controls, those in another group 30 μg/mL of PEG-liposomal doxorubicin, and those in the last group 6 μg/mL of conventional doxorubicin. The effectiveness of the intravascular administration of the D-17 cells was confirmed under a microscope. Results PEG-liposomal doxorubicin inhibited the migration of canine OSA cells more effectively than conventional doxorubicin (P ≤ 0.05). The ex ovo model showed that both drugs had similar impacts on canine metastatic OSA. Conclusion The liposomal form of the drug may be considered a potentially effective compound in canine metastatic OSA; nevertheless, further in vivo studies are essential to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Walewska
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Małek
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Taciak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wojtalewicz
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wilk
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Wojtkowska
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zabielska-Koczywąs
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Lechowski
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787Warsaw, Poland
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Vieira VS, Cruz VS, Nepomuceno LL, Soares NP, Arnhold E, Teixeira WFP, Vieira DS, Borges JCA, Paixão FM, Araújo EG. Crude extract of Jatobá leaves promotes canine osteosarcoma cell D17 proliferation. Vet World 2022; 15:1283-1289. [PMID: 35765481 PMCID: PMC9210841 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1283-1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim New substances for neoplasm treatment have to be carefully studied to minimize adverse effects and prevent disease progression stimulation. Jatobá is a typical tree of the Cerrado and Caatinga biome, with antifungal, antimicrobial, larvicide, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties. This study aimed to investigate the action of the crude extract of Jatobá leaves (EBFJ) on canine osteosarcoma (CO) cells and analyze the expression of biomarkers in neoplasm progression. Materials and Methods D17 cells were cultured and subjected to treatment with EBFJ at different concentrations (10 μg/mL; 100 μg/mL; 1000 μg/mL; 2000 μg/mL; and 5000 μg/mL) and exposure times (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h). The tetrazolium reduction assay and the immunocytochemistry technique, with anti-Bcl2, anti-p53, and anti-Ki-67 antibodies, were used to observe the effect of the extract on cell proliferation. Results Doses of 2000 µg and 5000 µg had cell viability of 300.80% and 361.84%, respectively. The extract did not show significant cytotoxicity of samples with the control group. The confluence of cells, the number of labeled cells, and the expression of Bcl2, Ki-67, and p53 were higher in the groups treated with EBFJ, with a statistical difference from the group without treatment. Conclusion EBFJ was not cytotoxic and had a proliferative effect on CO D17 cells. The confluence of cells, the number of labeled cells, and the expression of Bcl2, Ki-67, and p53 were higher in the groups treated with the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Vieira
- Multi-User Laboratory for the Evaluation of Molecules Cells and Tissues, Veterinary and Zootechnical School, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - V. S. Cruz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Catholic University Center of East Minas, Campus Coronel Fabriciano, Av. Pres. Tancredo de Almeida Neves, 3500, B - Morada do Vale B, Cel. Fabriciano MG, 35170-056, Brazil
| | - L. L. Nepomuceno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Catholic University Center of East Minas, Campus Coronel Fabriciano, Av. Pres. Tancredo de Almeida Neves, 3500, B - Morada do Vale B, Cel. Fabriciano MG, 35170-056, Brazil
| | - N. P. Soares
- Multi-User Laboratory for the Evaluation of Molecules Cells and Tissues, Veterinary and Zootechnical School, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - E. Arnhold
- Multi-User Laboratory for the Evaluation of Molecules Cells and Tissues, Veterinary and Zootechnical School, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - W. F. P. Teixeira
- Multi-User Laboratory for the Evaluation of Molecules Cells and Tissues, Veterinary and Zootechnical School, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - D. S. Vieira
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, Rod, Washington Luiz, Km 234 - Fazenda Canchim, São Carlos - SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - J. C. A. Borges
- Multi-User Laboratory for the Evaluation of Molecules Cells and Tissues, Veterinary and Zootechnical School, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - F. M. Paixão
- Multi-User Laboratory for the Evaluation of Molecules Cells and Tissues, Veterinary and Zootechnical School, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - E. G. Araújo
- Multi-User Laboratory for the Evaluation of Molecules Cells and Tissues, Veterinary and Zootechnical School, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
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8
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Arauz PG, Chiriboga P, García MG, Kao I, Díaz EA. New technologies applied to canine limb prostheses: A review. Vet World 2021; 14:2793-2802. [PMID: 34903941 PMCID: PMC8654758 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2793-2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although only a few studies have investigated about the development of animal prosthesis, currently, there is an increasing interest in canine limb prosthesis design and its clinical application since they offer an alternative to killing the animal in extreme situations where amputating the limb is the only option. Restoring normal function of amputated canine limbs with the use of a prosthesis is challenging. However, recent advances in surgical procedures and prosthesis design technology appear promising in developing devices that closely recreate normal canine limb function. Surgical advances such as evolution of osseointegration (bone-anchored) prostheses present great promise. Likewise, modern computer-aided design and manufacturing technology, as well as novel motion analysis systems are now providing improved prosthesis designs. Advances in patient-customized prostheses have the potential to reduce the risk of implant failure. The objective of this investigation is to present a general review of the existing literature on modern surgical approaches, design and manufacturing methods, as well as biomechanical analyses so that veterinarians can make more and better-informed decisions on the development and selection of proper canine limb prosthesis. Isolated research efforts have made possible an improvement in stability, comfort, and performance of canine limb prosthesis. However, continued multidisciplinary research collaboration and teamwork among veterinarians, engineers, designers, and industry, with supporting scientific evidence, is required to better understand the development of canine limb prosthesis designs that closely replicate the normal limb function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Arauz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricio Chiriboga
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María-Gabriela García
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Imin Kao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States
| | - Eduardo A Díaz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
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9
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In Vitro Studies on the Influence of Meloxicam on Cytotoxic Activity Induced by Risedronate Sodium in Canine (D-17) and Human (U-2 OS) Osteosarcoma Cell Lines. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113135. [PMID: 34827867 PMCID: PMC8614298 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this in vitro study was to reveal the pharmacological interactions between meloxicam and risedronate sodium, used jointly to induce a cytotoxic effect in canine (D-17) and human (U-2 OS) osteosarcoma cell lines. Meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is capable of intensifying the cytotoxic activity of risedronate sodium routinely used in bone tissue metabolic diseases. The cell cultures were incubated, tested, and evaluated according to standard protocols. The study demonstrated a greater susceptibility of canine osteosarcoma cells in vitro to the investigated drug combination than the human. In both cases, meloxicam alone showed low cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines, but the two compounds combined were synergic. Abstract The study describes the cytotoxic effect against human and canine osteosarcoma (U-2 OS and D-17) cell lines induced by risedronate sodium and meloxicam per se and in combination. Both cell lines were prepared according to standard procedures for cell cultures studies. The cell viability was estimated in both cell lines treated with chosen concentrations of risedronate sodium and meloxicam. The apoptosis assessment was carried out using TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay. EC50 values, computed for risedronate sodium and meloxicam cytotoxicity, showed comparable effects against the canine OS cell line in similar concentration of both drugs. In case of human OS, the stronger cytotoxic effect of risedronate sodium was proved. The EC50 values for meloxicam in both cell lines were, statistically, significantly different (* p < 0.05). Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of a combined administration of meloxicam and risedronate sodium in doses 100 µg/mL, compared with the negative control showed statistically significant differences. The human OS cell line was more resistant to both compounds than the canine OS cell line. The apoptotic effect in canine and human osteosarcoma triggered by risedronate sodium and meloxicam was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The cytotoxic effect induced with 100 µg/mL of risedronate sodium proved statistically significant differences between both tested cell lines compared to negative control. The results obtained with 10 and 100 µg/mL of meloxicam were not statistically significant. The study showed the synergic mechanism of action of risedronate sodium and meloxicam, but the concentrations used in vitro will not be possible to achieve in in vivo. Therefore, our results serve as basis only to design future studies on the tissue level.
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Padilla-Arellanes S, Salgado-Garciglia R, Báez-Magaña M, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, López-Meza JE. Cytotoxicity of a Lipid-Rich Extract from Native Mexican Avocado Seed ( Persea americana var. drymifolia) on Canine Osteosarcoma D-17 Cells and Synergistic Activity with Cytostatic Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144178. [PMID: 34299459 PMCID: PMC8304388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in both children and dogs. It is an aggressive and metastatic cancer with a poor prognosis for long-term survival. The search for new anti-cancer drugs with fewer side effects has become an essential goal for cancer chemotherapy; in this sense, the bioactive compounds from avocado have proved their efficacy as cytotoxic molecules. The objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect of a lipid-rich extract (LEAS) from Mexican native avocado seed (Persea americana var. drymifolia) on canine osteosarcoma D-17 cell line. Also, the combined activity with cytostatic drugs was evaluated. LEAS was cytotoxic to D-17 cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 = 15.5 µg/mL. Besides, LEAS induced caspase-dependent cell apoptosis by the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Moreover, LEAS induced a significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased superoxide anion production and mitochondrial ROS. Also, LEAS induced the arrest of the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Finally, LEAS improved the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin, carboplatin, and in less extension, doxorubicin against the canine osteosarcoma cell line through a synergistic effect. In conclusion, avocado could be a potential source of bioactive molecules in the searching treatments for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Padilla-Arellanes
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología-FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Posta Veterinaria, Morelia 58893, Mexico; (S.P.-A.); (M.B.-M.); (A.O.-Z.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico;
| | - Rafael Salgado-Garciglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico;
| | - Marisol Báez-Magaña
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología-FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Posta Veterinaria, Morelia 58893, Mexico; (S.P.-A.); (M.B.-M.); (A.O.-Z.)
| | - Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología-FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Posta Veterinaria, Morelia 58893, Mexico; (S.P.-A.); (M.B.-M.); (A.O.-Z.)
| | - Joel Edmundo López-Meza
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología-FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Posta Veterinaria, Morelia 58893, Mexico; (S.P.-A.); (M.B.-M.); (A.O.-Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Enhanced Cytotoxic Effect of Doxorubicin Conjugated to Glutathione-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles in Canine Osteosarcoma-In Vitro Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123487. [PMID: 34201296 PMCID: PMC8227216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common malignant bone neoplasia in humans and dogs. In dogs, treatment consists of surgery in combination with chemotherapy (mostly carboplatin and/or doxorubicin (Dox)). Chemotherapy is often rendered ineffective by multidrug resistance. Previous studies have revealed that Dox conjugated with 4 nm glutathione-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au-GSH-Dox) enhanced the anti-tumor activity and cytotoxicity of Dox in Dox-resistant feline fibrosarcoma cell lines exhibiting high P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity. The present study investigated the influence of Au-GSH-Dox on the canine OSA cell line D17 and its relationship with P-gp activity. A human Dox-sensitive OSA cell line, U2OS, served as the negative control. Au-GSH-Dox, compared to free Dox, presented a greater cytotoxic effect on D17 (IC50 values for Au-GSH-Dox and Dox were 7.9 μg/mL and 15.2 μg/mL, respectively) but not on the U2OS cell line. All concentrations of Au-GSH (ranging from 10 to 1000 μg/mL) were non-toxic in both cell lines. Inhibition of the D17 cell line with 100 μM verapamil resulted in an increase in free Dox but not in intracellular Au-GSH-Dox. The results indicate that Au-GSH-Dox may act as an effective drug in canine OSA by bypassing P-gp.
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12
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Wilk SS, Zabielska-Koczywąs KA. Molecular Mechanisms of Canine Osteosarcoma Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3639. [PMID: 33807419 PMCID: PMC8036641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) represents the most common bone tumor in dogs. The malignancy is highly aggressive, and most of the dogs die due to metastasis, especially to the lungs. The metastatic process is complex and consists of several main steps. Assessment of the molecular mechanisms of metastasis requires in vitro and especially in vivo studies for a full evaluation of the process. The molecular and biological resemblance of canine OSA to its human counterpart enables the utilization of dogs as a spontaneous model of this disease in humans. The aim of the present review article is to summarize the knowledge of genes and proteins, including p63, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Snail2, ezrin, phosphorylated ezrin-radixin-moesin (p-ERM), hepatocyte growth factor-scatter factor (HGF-SF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), miR-9, and miR-34a, that are proven, by in vitro and/or in vivo studies, to be potentially involved in the metastatic cascade of canine OSA. The determination of molecular targets of metastatic disease may enhance the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna A. Zabielska-Koczywąs
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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13
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Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effect of Nanoclinoptilolite on Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Lines. J Vet Res 2020; 64:589-596. [PMID: 33367149 PMCID: PMC7734687 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clinoptilolite has antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties due to its biological activities. In various cancer cell culture studies, it has been reported effective against tumour cells and gave positive results in treatment of various tumours in dogs. No study was found on the effects of the nanoparticulate form, nanoclinoptilolite, on cancer cells. The aim of this study was to determine its cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in canine osteosarcoma (OSA) cell culture. Material and Methods Doses at 50% inhibitory concentration were determined by measuring the dose- and duration-dependent cytotoxicity of nanoclinoptilolite on canine D-17 osteosarcoma cells by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) test for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Murine caspase-3 and -7 activity and expression levels of the BAX and BCL2 genes were measured using RT-PCR to investigate the apoptotic effect. Results Nanoclinoptilolite decreased cell viability and induced caspase-3- and -7-mediated apoptosis in treated canine OSA cells. Furthermore, its application to canine OSA cells downregulated the expression of BCL2 and upregulated the expression of proapoptotic BAX. Conclusion Clinoptilolite, which was previously demonstrated to have anticancer properties, decreased cell viability effectively and rapidly and increased the apoptotic cell ratio in a novel use in nanoparticle form, exhibiting this effect by increasing the BAX/BCL2 ratio.
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Mackowiak da Fonseca J, Mackowiak da Fonseca II, Nagamine MK, Massoco CDO, Nishiya AT, Ward JM, Liu S, Leppla SH, Bugge TH, Dagli MLZ. Inhibitory Effects of a Reengineered Anthrax Toxin on Canine and Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100614. [PMID: 32987941 PMCID: PMC7601267 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine and human osteosarcomas (OSA) share similarities. Novel therapies are necessary for these tumours. The Bacillus anthracis toxin was reengineered to target and kill cells with high expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). Since canine OSA express MMPs and uPA, we assessed whether the reengineered toxin could show efficacy against these tumours. Two OSA cell lines (canine D17 and human MG63) and a non-neoplastic canine osteoblastic cell line (COBS) were used. Cells were treated with different concentrations of the reengineered anthrax toxin and cell viability was quantified using MTT assay. The cell cycle, apoptosis, and necrosis were analysed by flow cytometry. The wound-healing assay was performed to quantify the migration capacity of treated cells. D17 and MG63 cells had significantly decreased viability after 24 h of treatment. Cell cycle analysis revealed that OSA cells underwent apoptosis when treated with the toxin, whereas COBS cells arrested in the G1 phase. The wound-healing assay showed that D17 and MG63 cells had a significantly reduced migration capacity after treatment. These results point for the first time towards the in vitro inhibitory effects of the reengineered anthrax toxin on OSA cells; this reengineered toxin could be further tested as a new therapy for OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Mackowiak da Fonseca
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (J.M.d.F.); (I.I.M.d.F.); (M.K.N.); (C.d.O.M.); (A.T.N.)
| | - Ivone Izabel Mackowiak da Fonseca
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (J.M.d.F.); (I.I.M.d.F.); (M.K.N.); (C.d.O.M.); (A.T.N.)
| | - Marcia Kazumi Nagamine
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (J.M.d.F.); (I.I.M.d.F.); (M.K.N.); (C.d.O.M.); (A.T.N.)
| | - Cristina de Oliveira Massoco
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (J.M.d.F.); (I.I.M.d.F.); (M.K.N.); (C.d.O.M.); (A.T.N.)
| | - Adriana Tomoko Nishiya
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (J.M.d.F.); (I.I.M.d.F.); (M.K.N.); (C.d.O.M.); (A.T.N.)
| | | | - Shihui Liu
- Aging Institute and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Stephen Howard Leppla
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Thomas Henrik Bugge
- Proteases & Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (J.M.d.F.); (I.I.M.d.F.); (M.K.N.); (C.d.O.M.); (A.T.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-30917712
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Santamaria AC, Simcock JO, Kuntz CA. Adverse events and outcomes in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated with limb amputation and a single subcutaneous infusion of carboplatin. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:345-351. [PMID: 31298641 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.3.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate adverse events and outcomes in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated with limb amputation followed by a single SC infusion of carboplatin. ANIMALS 45 client-owned dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated with limb amputation and SC infusion of carboplatin between January 1, 2006, and January 15, 2017. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed, and data collected included signalment, tumor location, treatment, results of clinicopathologic analyses and diagnostic imaging, adverse effects of chemotherapy, metastasis-free interval, survival time, and communications with owners and referring veterinarians. Findings were evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Mantel-Haenszel log-rank test. RESULTS 45 dogs were identified that met the inclusion criteria (12 of the 45 dogs had been reported in a previous case series). No dogs had pulmonary metastases detectable by CT or radiography before treatment. All dogs completed the protocol as planned. Median survival time (MST) was 196 days; metastasis-free interval was 197 days. Three of the 45 (7%) dogs required hospitalization for gastrointestinal signs related to chemotherapy. There were no chemotherapy-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that although treatment with SC infusion of carboplatin was well tolerated, the MST for dogs in the present study was similar to reported MSTs in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated with limb amputation alone and was in the lower range of historically reported survival times for dogs receiving IV adjunctive chemotherapy. Therefore, we could not recommend this protocol of SC infusion of carboplatin but recommended that protocols with IV administration of carboplatin be used instead.
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Al-Khan AA, Nimmo JS, Day MJ, Tayebi M, Ryan SD, Kuntz CA, Simcock JO, Tarzi R, Saad ES, Richardson SJ, Danks JA. Fibroblastic Subtype has a Favourable Prognosis in Appendicular Osteosarcoma of Dogs. J Comp Pathol 2020; 176:133-144. [PMID: 32359626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignant bone neoplasm that occurs mostly in the appendicular skeleton of dogs and people. OS is classified based on the presence of malignant stroma and the formation of extracellular matrix into osteoblastic, chondroblastic and fibroblastic forms. This study investigated the correlation between the three histological subtypes of canine OS and clinical outcome. Additionally, we examined whether there was any difference in the immunolabelling of desmin, S100 and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) between the three histological subtypes. Formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded tissues from 87 dogs with primary OS were available for this study. The survival times were correlated with appendicular OS subtypes in dogs that were treated surgically, received adjuvant chemotherapy and had no pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Dogs with an appendicular fibroblastic OS had significantly prolonged mean average survival times (546 ± 105 days) in comparison with dogs having appendicular osteoblastic (257 ± 48 days) or appendicular chondroblastic (170 ± 28 days) OS (P = 0.003, Log Rank). The results also revealed that the appendicular chondroblastic subtype is a significant indicator for poor prognosis in dogs compared with the fibroblastic or osteoblastic subtypes (P = 0.006, Cox regression). Moreover, the findings indicated that there was no significant correlation between the localization of desmin, NSE or S100 and histological subtypes. Importantly, dogs with appendicular fibroblastic OS were found to have a better prognosis when compared with dogs with other subtypes. This may suggest that histological subtypes of appendicular OS have diverse behaviour and could be used to categorize patients for risk-based assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Al-Khan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - J S Nimmo
- Australian Specialised Animal Pathology Laboratory, Mulgrave, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M Tayebi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S D Ryan
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trial Study Group (TRACTS), Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - C A Kuntz
- Southpaws Veterinary Hospital, Moorabbin, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - J O Simcock
- Southpaws Veterinary Hospital, Moorabbin, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - R Tarzi
- Southpaws Veterinary Hospital, Moorabbin, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - E S Saad
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - S J Richardson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, United Kingdom
| | - J A Danks
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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Parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) is a prognostic indicator in canine osteosarcoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1564. [PMID: 32005896 PMCID: PMC6994589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant primary bone tumour in humans and dogs. Several studies have established the vital role of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and its receptor (PTHR1) in bone formation and remodeling. In addition, these molecules play a role in the progression and metastasis of many human tumour types. This study investigated the expression of PTHR1 and PTHrP in canine OS tissues and assessed their prognostic value. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 50 dogs diagnosed with primary OS were immunolabeled with antibodies specific for PTHR1 and PTHrP. The immunostaining intensity of tumours from patients with OS was correlated with survival time. Both PTHR1 and PTHrP were detected in all OS samples (n = 50). Dogs with OS tumours showing high immunostaining intensity for PTHR1 (n = 36) had significantly shorter survival times (p = 0.028, Log Rank; p = 0.04, Cox regression) when compared with OS that had low immunostaining intensity for PTHR1 (n = 14).PTHrP immunostaining intensity did not correlate with survival time (p > 0.05). The results of this study indicate that increased expression of PTHR1 antigen in canine OS is associated with poor prognosis. This suggests that PTHR1 may be useful as a prognostic indicator in canine OS.
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18
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Timercan A, Brailovski V, Petit Y, Lussier B, Séguin B. Personalized 3D-printed endoprostheses for limb sparing in dogs: Modeling and in vitro testing. Med Eng Phys 2019; 71:17-29. [PMID: 31327657 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer in dogs, treatable by amputation or limb-sparing surgery. For the latter, commercially available plate - endoprosthesis assemblies require contouring, to be adapted to the patient's bone geometry, and lead to sub-optimal results. The use of additively-manufactured personalized endoprostheses and cutting guides for distal radius limb-sparing surgery in dogs presents a promising alternative. Specialized software is used for the bone structure reconstruction from the patient's CT scans and for the design of endoprostheses and cutting guides. The prostheses are manufactured from a titanium alloy using a laser powder bed fusion system, while the cutting guides are manufactured from an ABS plastic using a fused deposition modeling system. A finite element model of an instrumented limb was developed and validated using experimental testing of a cadaveric limb implanted with a personalized endoprosthesis. Personalized endoprostheses and cutting guides can reduce limb sparing surgery time by 25-50% and may reduce the risk of implant failure. The numerical model was validated using the kinematics and force-displacement diagrams of the implant-limb construct. The model indicated that a modulus of elasticity of an implant material ranging from 25 to 50 GPa would improve the stress distribution within the implant. The results of the current study will allow optimization of the design of the personal implants in both veterinary and human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolie Timercan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montreal, Quebec H3C1K3, Canada.
| | - Vladimir Brailovski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montreal, Quebec H3C1K3, Canada.
| | - Yvan Petit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montreal, Quebec H3C1K3, Canada.
| | - Bertrand Lussier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S2M2, Canada.
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Colorado State University Flint Animal Cancer Center, 300 W Drake, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, USA.
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Ong SM, Saeki K, Kok MK, Nakagawa T, Nishimura R. YM155 enhances the cytotoxic activity of etoposide against canine osteosarcoma cells. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1182-1190. [PMID: 31308291 PMCID: PMC6715925 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive and highly malignant primary bone tumor. Its
poor survival outcome remains problematic despite recent advances in anti-cancer therapy,
therefore highlighting the need for alternative treatment options or drug repositioning.
The aim of this study was to determine if YM155, a small-molecule survivin inhibitor,
potentiates the chemotherapeutic efficacy of etoposide against canine OSA in
vitro and in vivo. In cell culture, YM155 enhanced the
cytotoxic effect of etoposide against canine OSA cell lines; however, the molecular
mechanism behind this effect was heterogeneous, as only one cell line had an elevated
apoptotic level. In addition, this effect was not associated with survivin suppression in
two of the cell lines. These results suggest that the molecular target of YM155 is not
restricted to survivin alone. When tested on a murine xenograft model, the average tumor
volume of the combination treatment group (YM155, 5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, 5
consecutive days/week; and etoposide, 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, every 5 days) was 66%
smaller than the control group, although this difference was not statistically significant
(P=0.17). Further studies to improve the treatment protocol are
necessary to confirm the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Mei Ong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kohei Saeki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mun Keong Kok
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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20
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Wright T, Brisson BA, Wood GA, Oblak M, Mutsaers AJ, Sabine V, Skowronski K, Belanger C, Tiessen A, Bienzle D. Flow Cytometric Detection of Circulating Osteosarcoma Cells in Dogs. Cytometry A 2019; 95:997-1007. [PMID: 31282052 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a malignant tumor of middle-aged dogs and adolescent humans. The clinical outcome of OSA has not improved over more than three decades, and dogs typically succumb to metastatic disease within 6 months despite tumor resection through limb amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, undetectable tumor cells with potential to form metastases are present at diagnosis. An assay to identify canine immortalized and primary OSA cells through flow cytometric detection of intracellular collagen 1 (Col I) and osteocalcin was optimized, and applied to blood samples from tumor-bearing dogs for detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Spiking variable number of OSA cells into normal dog blood recovered 50-60% of Col I positive cells with high forward and variable side light scatter. An algorithm to exclude nonviable, doublet, and autofluorescent cells was applied to sequential blood samples from three dogs obtained prior to and after limb amputation, and at approximately, triweekly intervals over 121, 142, and 183 days of chemotherapy, respectively. Dogs had >100 CTC/106 leukocytes prior to amputation, variably frequent CTC during chemotherapy, and an increase up to 4,000 CTC/106 leukocytes within 4 weeks before overt metastases or death. Sorted CTCs were morphologically similar to direct tumor aspirates and positive for Col I. Although preliminary, findings suggest that CTCs are frequent in canine OSA, more numerous than carcinoma CTC in humans, and that an increase in CTC frequency may herald clinical deterioration. This assay may enable enumeration and isolation of OSA CTC for prognostic and functional studies, respectively. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Wright
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brigitte A Brisson
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Oblak
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Sabine
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Animal Cancer Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karolina Skowronski
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Animal Cancer Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Belanger
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Tiessen
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Hall JL, Mason SL. Limb sparing achieved by ray amputation for osteosarcoma of the left third metacarpal bone in a labrador. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon L Hall
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Edinburgh Royal Dick School of Veterinary StudiesEdinburghUK
| | - Sarah L Mason
- Department of OncologySouthfields Veterinary SpecialistsBasildonUK
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22
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Jackson M, Serada N, Sheehan M, Srinivasan S, Mason N, Guha M, Avadhani N. Mitochondrial genome and functional defects in osteosarcoma are associated with their aggressive phenotype. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209489. [PMID: 30576337 PMCID: PMC6303035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive mesenchymal tumor of the bone that affects children and occurs spontaneously in dogs. Human and canine OSA share similar clinical, biological and genetic features, which make dogs an excellent comparative model to investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of OSA. Mitochondrial (mt) defects have been reported in many different cancers including OSA, although it is not known whether these defects contribute to OSA progression and metastasis. Taking a comparative approach using canine OSA cell lines and tumor tissues we investigated the effects of mtDNA content and dysfunction on OSA biology. OSA tumor tissues had low mtDNA contents compared to the matched non-tumor tissues. We observed mitochondrial heterogeneity among the OSA cell lines and the most invasive cells expressing increased levels of OSA metastasis genes contained the highest amount of mitochondrial defects (reduced mtDNA copies, mt respiration, and expression of electron transport chain proteins). While mitochondria maintain a filamentous network in healthy cells, the mitochondrial morphology in OSA cells were mostly "donut shaped", typical of "stressed" mitochondria. Moreover the expression levels of mitochondrial retrograde signaling proteins Akt1, IGF1R, hnRNPA2 and NFkB correlated with the invasiveness of the OSA cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate the causal role of mitochondrial defects in inducing the invasive phenotype by Ethidium Bromide induced-mtDNA depletion in OSA cells. Our data suggest that defects in mitochondrial genome and function are prevalent in OSA and that lower mtDNA content is associated with higher tumor cell invasiveness. We propose that mt defects in OSA might serve as a prognostic biomarker and a target for therapeutic intervention in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicole Serada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maura Sheehan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Satish Srinivasan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicola Mason
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Manti Guha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Narayan Avadhani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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23
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Al-Khan AA, Gunn HJ, Day MJ, Tayebi M, Ryan SD, Kuntz CA, Saad ES, Richardson SJ, Danks JA. Immunohistochemical Validation of Spontaneously Arising Canine Osteosarcoma as a Model for Human Osteosarcoma. J Comp Pathol 2017; 157:256-265. [PMID: 29169619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) originates from bone-forming mesenchymal cells and represents one of the primary bone tumours. It is the most common primary bone tumour in dogs and man. The characterization of an appropriate natural disease animal model to study human OS is essential to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease. This study aimed to validate canine OS as a model for the human disease by evaluating immunohistochemically the expression of markers known to be important in human OS. The immunohistochemical panel included vimentin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), desmin, S100, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). Immunohistochemistry was conducted on formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissue sections from 59 dogs with confirmed primary OS. Vimentin, ALP, Runx2 and BMP4 were highly expressed by all tumours, while desmin, S100 and NSE were expressed variably. The findings were similar to those described previously for human OS and suggest that canine OS may represent a useful model for the study of the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Al-Khan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H J Gunn
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Somerset, UK
| | - M Tayebi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - S D Ryan
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trial Study Group (TRACTS), Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - C A Kuntz
- Southpaws Veterinary Hospital, Moorabbin, Australia
| | - E S Saad
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S J Richardson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J A Danks
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia.
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24
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Winter S, Muller T, Ferian P, Souza L, Luciani M, Porto C, Serakides R, Mai W. Osteocondromatose em gato: relato de caso. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A osteocondromatose é caracterizada por nódulos únicos ou múltiplos decorrentes de um crescimento ósseo excessivo benigno. É encontrada em cães, gatos, equinos e humanos. Em felinos, tem maior incidência dos dois aos quatro anos de idade. A etiologia em gatos está relacionada ao vírus da leucemia felina, e também já foi encontrada relação com o fibrossarcoma. A manifestação clínica depende do local acometido e do tamanho da lesão. O diagnóstico definitivo é por meio de histopatologia e o prognóstico é desfavorável, pois ocorrem muitas recidivas. Este relato de caso objetiva descrever a apresentação dessa enfermidade em um felino jovem.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Winter
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - T.R. Muller
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - P.E. Ferian
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - L.P. Souza
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - M.G. Luciani
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - C. Porto
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - W. Mai
- University of Pennsylvania, USA
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25
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Bulla SC, Badial PR, Silva RC, Lunsford K, Bulla C. Platelets Inhibit Migration of Canine Osteosarcoma Cells. J Comp Pathol 2016; 156:3-13. [PMID: 27890405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between platelets and tumour cells is important for tumour growth and metastasis. Thrombocytopenia or antiplatelet treatment negatively impact on cancer metastasis, demonstrating potentially important roles for platelets in tumour progression. To our knowledge, there is no information regarding the role of platelets in cancer progression in dogs. This study was designed to test whether canine platelets affected the migratory behaviour of three canine osteosarcoma cell lines and to give insights of molecular mechanisms. Intact platelets, platelet lysate and platelet releasate inhibited the migration of canine osteosarcoma cell lines. Addition of blood leucocytes to the platelet samples did not alter the inhibitory effect on migration. Platelet treatment also significantly downregulated the transcriptional levels of SNAI2 and TWIST1 genes. The interaction between canine platelets or molecules released during platelet activation and these tumour cell lines inhibits their migration, which suggests that canine platelets might antagonize metastasis of canine osteosarcoma. This effect is probably due to, at least in part, downregulation of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Bulla
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, USA.
| | - P R Badial
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, USA
| | - R C Silva
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, USA
| | - K Lunsford
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
| | - C Bulla
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, USA
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26
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Ong SM, Saeki K, Tanaka Y, Nishimura R, Nakagawa T. Effects of etoposide alone and in combination with piroxicam on canine osteosarcoma cell lines. Vet J 2016; 218:51-59. [PMID: 27938709 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone tumour in dogs. The poor survival rate in dogs with OSA highlights the need for new therapeutic approaches. This study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of etoposide, alone and in combination with piroxicam, on canine OSA cell cultures. Etoposide alone significantly suppressed cell growth and viability, whereas etoposide in combination with piroxicam exhibited concentration dependent cytotoxicity. The anti-proliferative effect was a result of inactivity of the Cdc2-cyclin B1 complex, which correlated with an increase in the G2/M fraction. This subsequently activated the apoptosis cascade, as indicated by elevated apoptosis levels and up-regulation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase proteolytic cleavage. Down-regulation of survivin expression induced by the combination treatment may have contributed to the enhanced cytotoxicity. The results of this study suggest that further investigation of etoposide and piroxicam as a therapeutic combination for canine OSA is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - K Saeki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Y Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - R Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - T Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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27
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Pagano C, Boudreaux B, Shiomitsu K. SAFETY AND TOXICITY OF AN ACCELERATED COARSELY FRACTIONATED RADIATION PROTOCOL FOR TREATMENT OF APPENDICULAR OSTEOSARCOMA IN 14 DOGS: 10 GY × 2 FRACTIONS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:551-6. [PMID: 27374864 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coarsely fractionated radiation is commonly used as a method for pain control in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma, however there is little published information on optimal protocols. The aim of this retrospective, descriptive study was to report safety and toxicity findings in a sample of dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma that had been treated with a radiation scheme of 10 Gy delivered over two consecutive days for a total of 20 Gy. Dogs were included in the study if they had osteosarcoma that was treated with the aforementioned protocol. Dogs were excluded if treated with the same protocol for any other bone tumor besides osteosarcoma or inadequate follow-up. Thirteen of the 14 patients received adjuvant therapy with pamidronate and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory. Nine dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin after radiation was complete. Within a median of 14 days, 92.8% of dogs subjectively had improved pain control. Median duration of response (DOR) was 80 days (range 20-365). The majority of patients developed VRTOG grade one toxicity, primarily alopecia. Five dogs (35.7%) developed pathologic fracture postradiation treatment. Timing of fracture was variable ranging from 24 to 250 days. This radiation protocol was well tolerated, with minimal toxicity, subjectively improved survival time, and had the benefit of being completed in two consecutive days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace Pagano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803.
| | - Bonnie Boudreaux
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | - Keijiro Shiomitsu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Dr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
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28
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Dean BL, Nicholson I. Temporal bone partial ostectomy via the temporomandibular joint to treat osteosarcoma of the caudal zygoma in a three‐year‐old Labrador retriever. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2015-000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barnaby Luke Dean
- Surgery DepartmentSouthern Counties Veterinary SpecialistsRingwoodUK
| | - Ian Nicholson
- Surgery DepartmentSouthern Counties Veterinary SpecialistsRingwoodUK
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29
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Chen S, Yang L, Pu F, Lin H, Wang B, Liu J, Shao Z. High Birth Weight Increases the Risk for Bone Tumor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:11178-95. [PMID: 26371026 PMCID: PMC4586668 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120911178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There have been several epidemiologic studies on the relationship between high birth weight and the risk for bone tumor in the past decades. However, due to the rarity of bone tumors, the sample size of individual studies was generally too small for reliable conclusions. Therefore, we have performed a meta-analysis to pool all published data on electronic databases with the purpose to clarify the potential relationship. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 independent studies with more than 2796 cases were included. As a result, high birth weight was found to increase the risk for bone tumor with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.13, with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) ranging from 1.01 to 1.27. The OR of bone tumor for an increase of 500 gram of birth weight was 1.01 (95% CI 1.00–1.02; p = 0.048 for linear trend). Interestingly, individuals with high birth weight had a greater risk for osteosarcoma (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.06–1.40, p = 0.006) than those with normal birth weight. In addition, in the subgroup analysis by geographical region, elevated risk was detected among Europeans (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.00–1.29, p = 0.049). The present meta-analysis supported a positive association between high birth weight and bone tumor risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Medical Care Center for Women and Children, Wuhan 430016, China.
| | - Feifei Pu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Baichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Jianxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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The effect of Zhangfei/CREBZF on cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and the unfolded protein response in several canine osteosarcoma cell lines. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:22. [PMID: 25890299 PMCID: PMC4326286 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We had previously shown that the bLZip domain-containing transcription factor, Zhangfei/CREBZF inhibits the growth and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in cells of the D–17 canine osteosarcoma (OS) line and that the effects of Zhangfei are mediated by it stabilizing the tumour suppressor protein p53. To determine if our observations with D-17 cells applied more universally to canine OS, we examined three other independently isolated canine OS cell lines—Abrams, McKinley and Gracie. Results Like D–17, the three cell lines expressed p53 proteins that were capable of activating promoters with p53 response elements on their own, and synergistically with Zhangfei. Furthermore, as with D–17 cells, Zhangfei suppressed the growth and UPR-related transcripts in the OS cell lines. Zhangfei also induced the activation of osteocalcin expression, a marker of osteoblast differentiation and triggered programmed cell death. Conclusions Osteosarcomas are common malignancies in large breeds of dogs. Although there has been dramatic progress in their treatment, these therapies often fail, leading to recurrence of the tumour and metastatic spread. Our results indicate that induction of the expression of Zhangfei in OS, where p53 is functional, may be an effective modality for the treatment of OS.
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Szewczyk M, Lechowski R, Zabielska K. What do we know about canine osteosarcoma treatment? Review. Vet Res Commun 2014; 39:61-7. [PMID: 25422073 PMCID: PMC4330401 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-014-9623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common type of bone tumors in dogs, which has high metastasis ability. 80 % of dogs with OSA die due to lung metastasis. As a result its treatment is a challenge for veterinary practitioners. The authors discuss the etiology, pathogenesis and the possible risk factors of OSA. The article focuses on literature review and the study of recent advances in OSA treatment. The authors describe therapies which have significantly prolonged the lives of dogs, as well as those that have proven to be ineffective. Advantages and disadvantages of limb amputation and limb-sparing surgery have been described. Authors present also the results of both single agent’s therapies with the most commonly used drugs as cisplatin, carboplatin and doxorubicin and compare them to the results obtained using combined chemotherapy. The use of nanotechnology as a new approach in OSA treatment in order to avoid multidrug resistance and reduce negative side effects of cytostatic drugs is presented. The main reasons of the therapies failure are also provided in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Szewczyk
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - R. Lechowski
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K. Zabielska
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Identification of anti-proliferative kinase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents to treat canine osteosarcoma. Vet J 2014; 205:281-7. [PMID: 25190293 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumour in dogs but various forms of therapy have not significantly improved clinical outcomes. As dysregulation of kinase activity is often present in tumours, kinases represent attractive molecular targets for cancer therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify novel compounds targeting kinases with the potential to induce cell death in a panel of canine osteosarcoma cell lines. The ability of 80 well-characterized kinase inhibitor compounds to inhibit the proliferation of four canine osteosarcoma cell lines was investigated in vitro. For those compounds with activity, the mechanism of action and capability to potentiate the activity of doxorubicin was further evaluated. The screening showed 22 different kinase inhibitors that induced significant anti-proliferative effects across the four canine osteosarcoma cell lines investigated. Four of these compounds (RO 31-8220, 5-iodotubercidin, BAY 11-7082 and an erbstatin analog) showed significant cell growth inhibitory effects across all cell lines in association with variable induction of apoptosis. RO 31-8220 and 5-iodotubercidin showed the highest ability to potentiate the effects of doxorubicin on cell viability. In conclusion, the present study identified several potent kinase inhibitors targeting the PKC, CK1, PKA, ErbB2, mTOR and NF-κB pathways, which may warrant further investigations for the treatment of osteosarcoma in dogs.
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Viall AK, Goodall CP, Stang B, Marley K, Chappell PE, Bracha S. Antagonism of serotonin receptor 1B decreases viability and promotes apoptosis in the COS canine osteosarcoma cell line. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14:e31-44. [PMID: 24916076 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin receptor 1B (5HTR1B) traditionally exhibits anti-proliferative activity in osteoblasts. We examined the expression and function of 5HTR1B in the COS canine osteosarcoma cell line and normal canine osteoblasts. Equal levels of 5HTR1B gene and protein expression were found between normal and malignant osteoblasts. Treatment with serotonin enhanced viability of osteosarcoma cells but not normal osteoblasts. Challenge with the 5HTR1B agonist anpirtoline caused no change in cell viability. Rather incubation with the specific receptor antagonist SB224289 caused reduction in osteoblast viability, with this effect more substantial in osteosarcoma cells. Investigation of this inhibitory activity showed 5HTR1B antagonism induces apoptosis in malignant cells. Evaluation of phosphorylated levels of CREB and ERK, transcriptional regulators associated with serotonin receptor signalling in osteoblasts, revealed aberrant 5HTR1B signalling in COS. Our results confirm the presence of 5HTR1B in a canine osteosarcoma cell line and highlight this receptor as a possible novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Viall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - C P Goodall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - B Stang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - K Marley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - P E Chappell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - S Bracha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Selvarajah GT, Bonestroo FAS, Kirpensteijn J, Kik MJL, van der Zee R, van Eden W, Timmermans-Sprang EPM, Slob A, Mol JA. Heat shock protein expression analysis in canine osteosarcoma reveals HSP60 as a potentially relevant therapeutic target. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:607-22. [PMID: 23463150 PMCID: PMC3745254 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are highly conserved across eukaryotic and prokaryotic species. These proteins play a role in response to cellular stressors, protecting cells from damage and facilitating recovery. In tumor cells, HSPs can have cytoprotective effects and interfere with apoptotic cascades. This study was performed to assess the prognostic and predictive values of the gene expression of HSP family members in canine osteosarcoma (OS) and their potential for targeted therapy. Gene expressions for HSP were assessed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) on 58 snap-frozen primary canine OS tumors and related to clinic-pathological parameters. A significant increased expression of HSP60 was found in relation to shorter overall survival and an osteoblastic phenotype. Therefore, the function of HSP60 was investigated in more detail. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed heterogeneous staining for HSP60 in tumors. The highest immunoreactivity was found in tumors of short surviving dogs. Next HSP expression was shown in a variety of canine and human OS cell lines by qPCR and Western blot. In two highly metastatic cell lines HSP60 expression was silenced using siRNA resulting in decreased cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in both cell lines. It is concluded that overexpression of HSP60 is associated with a poor prognosis of OS and should be evaluated as a new target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri T. Selvarajah
- />Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Floor A. S. Bonestroo
- />Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolle Kirpensteijn
- />Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marja J. L. Kik
- />Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruurd van der Zee
- />Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van Eden
- />Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elpetra P. M. Timmermans-Sprang
- />Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adri Slob
- />Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Mol
- />Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Yuan D, Liu B, Liu K, Zhu G, Dai Z, Xie Y. Overexpression of fibroblast activation protein and its clinical implications in patients with osteosarcoma. J Surg Oncol 2013; 108:157-62. [PMID: 23813624 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression has been detected in fibroblastic component of osteosarcomas. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of FAP expression with the clinicopathological features of osteosarcoma. METHODS FAP mRNA and protein expression levels in human osteosarcoma tissues were, respectively detected by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays. RESULTS FAP mRNA and protein expression were both higher in osteosarcoma than in corresponding noncancerous bone tissues (both P < 0.001). In addition, the immunohistochemistry assay found that all patients showed positive FAP expression. Higher FAP expression was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage (P = 0.006), high histological grade (P = 0.02), positive metastatic status (P = 0.01), shorter overall (P < 0.001), and disease-free (P < 0.001) survival in osteosarcoma patients. Furthermore, Cox multivariate analysis showed that FAP overexpression was an independent prognostic factor for predicting both overall and disease-free survival of osteosarcoma patients. CONCLUSION Expression of FAP in osteosarcoma could be adopted as a candidate biomarker for the diagnosis of clinical stage, histological grade and metastasis, and for assessing prognosis, indicating for the first time that FAP may play an important role in tumor development and progression in osteosarcoma. FAP might be considered as a novel therapeutic target against this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongtang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Huaían First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaían, Jiangsu, PR China
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Mobasheri A. Exploring the serum proteome in dogs: Setting the scene for the discovery of new biomarkers in canine lymphoma. Vet J 2013; 196:286-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kuijjer ML, Peterse EFP, van den Akker BEWM, Briaire-de Bruijn IH, Serra M, Meza-Zepeda LA, Myklebost O, Hassan AB, Hogendoorn PCW, Cleton-Jansen AM. IR/IGF1R signaling as potential target for treatment of high-grade osteosarcoma. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:245. [PMID: 23688189 PMCID: PMC3672007 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade osteosarcoma is an aggressive tumor most often developing in the long bones of adolescents, with a second peak in the 5th decade of life. Better knowledge on cellular signaling in this tumor may identify new possibilities for targeted treatment. METHODS We performed gene set analysis on previously published genome-wide gene expression data of osteosarcoma cell lines (n=19) and pretreatment biopsies (n=84). We characterized overexpression of the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathways in human osteosarcoma as compared with osteoblasts and with the hypothesized progenitor cells of osteosarcoma - mesenchymal stem cells. This pathway plays a key role in the growth and development of bone. Since most profound differences in mRNA expression were found at and upstream of the receptor of this pathway, we set out to inhibit IR/IGF1R using OSI-906, a dual inhibitor for IR/IGF1R, on four osteosarcoma cell lines. Inhibitory effects of this drug were measured by Western blotting and cell proliferation assays. RESULTS OSI-906 had a strong inhibitory effect on proliferation of 3 of 4 osteosarcoma cell lines, with IC₅₀s below 100 nM at 72 hrs of treatment. Phosphorylation of IRS-1, a direct downstream target of IGF1R signaling, was inhibited in the responsive osteosarcoma cell lines. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an in vitro rationale for using IR/IGF1R inhibitors in preclinical studies of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke L Kuijjer
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2300RC, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth FP Peterse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2300RC, the Netherlands
| | - Brendy EWM van den Akker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2300RC, the Netherlands
| | - Inge H Briaire-de Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2300RC, the Netherlands
| | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology Research, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo 0310, Norway
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo 0310, Norway
| | - A Bassim Hassan
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Pancras CW Hogendoorn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2300RC, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2300RC, the Netherlands
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Zhang H, Lin H, Mo X, Chen G, Lin L. Synergistic relationship between dipeptidyl peptidase IV and neutral endopeptidase expression and the combined prognostic significance in osteosarcoma patients. Med Oncol 2013; 30:608. [PMID: 23686701 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutral endopeptidase (NEP/CD10) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) are both ubiquitous glycopeptidases which play important roles in tumor pathogenesis and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns and the prognostic significance of CD10 and CD26 in osteosarcoma patients. CD10 and CD26 expression in 116 pairs of primary osteosarcoma and corresponding noncancerous bone tissue samples from the same specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry. The Spearman's correlation was calculated between the expression levels of CD10 and CD26 in osteosarcoma tissues. The associations of CD10 and CD26 expression with the clinicopathologic features and with the prognosis of osteosarcoma were subsequently assessed. Both CD10 expression and CD26 expression in osteosarcoma tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding noncancerous bone tissue samples (both P < 0.001). Overexpression of CD10 and CD26 were respectively observed in 68.10 % (79/116) and 70.69 % (82/116) of osteosarcoma tissues. A significant correlation was found between CD10 expression and CD26 expression in osteosarcoma tissues (r = 0.83, P < 0.001). In addition, combined overexpression of CD10 and CD26 was observed in 52.59 % (61/116) of osteosarcoma tissues. CD10-high/CD26-high expression was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage (P = 0.001), positive metastatic status (P = 0.001), shorter overall (P < 0.001) and disease-free (P < 0.001) survival in patients with osteosarcomas. Furthermore, multivariate survival analysis showed that clinical stage, metastatic status, CD10 expression, CD26 expression and combined expression of CD10/CD26 were all independent prognostic factors for predicting both overall and disease-free survival of osteosarcoma patients. Interestingly, combined expression of CD10/CD26 had a better prognostic value than other features. This retrospective study offer the convincing evidence for the first time that the overexpression of CD10 or CD26 may be an important feature of human osteosarcomas, and the combined expression of CD10/CD26 may be an efficient prognostic indicator for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhang
- Orthopedics Department, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, China
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Selyanchyn R, Nozoe T, Matsui H, Kadosawa T, Lee SW. TD-GC-MS Investigation of the VOCs Released from Blood Plasma of Dogs with Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2013; 3:68-83. [PMID: 26835668 PMCID: PMC4665586 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics3010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An analytical TD-GC-MS method was developed and used for the assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from the blood plasma of dogs with/without cancer. VOCs released from 40 samples of diseased blood and 10 control samples were compared in order to examine the difference between both sample groups that were showing qualitatively similar results independent from the disease's presence. However, mild disturbances in the spectra of dogs with cancer in comparison with the control group were observed, and six peaks (tentatively identified by comparison with mass spectral library as hexanal, octanal, toluene, 2-butanone, 1-octen-3-ol and pyrrole) revealed statistically significant differences between both sample groups, thereby suggesting that these compounds are potential biomarkers that can be used for cancer diagnosis based on the blood plasma TD-GC-MS analysis. Statistical comparison with the application of principal component analysis (PCA) provided accurate discrimination between the cancer and control groups, thus demonstrating stronger biochemical perturbations in blood plasma when cancer is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Selyanchyn
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, the University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan.
| | - Takuma Nozoe
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, the University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan.
| | - Hidetaka Matsui
- Shinkou Seiki Co. Ltd., 1-18-3, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Kadosawa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582, Midorimachi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan.
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, the University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan.
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Trost ME, Kommers GD, Brown CC, Barros CS, Irigoyen LF, Fighera RA, Inkelmann MA, Silva TMD. Primary bone neoplasms in dogs: 90 cases. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2012001200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study of necropsy and biopsy cases of 90 primary bone tumors (89 malignant and one benign) in dogs received over a period of 22 years at the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, was performed. Osteosarcoma was the most prevalent bone tumor, accounting for 86.7% of all malignant primary bone neoplasms diagnosed. Most cases occurred in dogs of large and giant breeds with ages between 6 and 10-years-old. The neoplasms involved mainly the appendicular skeleton, and were 3.5 times more prevalent in the forelimbs than in the hindlimbs. Osteoblastic osteosarcoma was the predominant histological subtype. Epidemiological and pathological findings of osteosarcomas are reported and discussed.
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Immunohistochemical investigation of cell cycle and apoptosis regulators (survivin, β-catenin, p53, caspase 3) in canine appendicular osteosarcoma. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:78. [PMID: 22686277 PMCID: PMC3514374 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OSA) represents the most common canine primary bone tumour. Despite several pathways have been investigated so far, few molecules have been identified as prognostic tools or potential therapeutic targets, and there is still the need to find out molecular pathways with specific influence over OSA progression to facilitate earlier prognosis and treatment. Aims of the present study were to evaluate the immunohistochemical pattern and levels of expression of a panel of molecules (survivin, β-catenin, caspase 3 -inactive and active forms- and p53) involved in cell cycle and apoptosis regulation in canine OSA samples, known to be of interest in the study also of human OSA, and to detect specific relations among them and with histological tumour grade, disease free interval (DFI) and overall survival (OS). Results Nuclear β-catenin immunostaining was detected in normal osteoblasts adjacent to the tumour, and in 47% of the cases. Cytoplasmic and/or membranous immunostaining were also observed. Nuclear survivin and p53 positive cells were found in all cases. Moderate/high cytoplasmic β-catenin expression (≥10% positive cells) was significantly associated with the development of metastasis (P = 0.014); moderate/high nuclear p53 expression (≥10% positive cells) was significantly associated with moderate/high histological grade (P = 0.017) and shorter OS (P = 0.049). Moderate/high nuclear survivin expression (≥15% positive cells) showed a tendency toward a longer OS (P = 0,088). Conclusions The present results confirmed p53 as negative prognostic marker, while suggested survivin as a potential positive prognostic indicator, rather than indicative of a poor prognosis. The detection of nuclear β-catenin immunostaining in normal osteoblasts and the absent/low expression in most of the OSAs, suggested that this pathway could not play a major role in oncogenic transformation of canine osteoblasts. Further studies are needed to confirm these hypotheses.
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Wilson H, Chadalapaka G, Jutooru I, Sheppard S, Pfent C, Safe S. Effect of tolfenamic acid on canine cancer cell proliferation, specificity protein (sp) transcription factors, and sp-regulated proteins in canine osteosarcoma, mammary carcinoma, and melanoma cells. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:977-86. [PMID: 22536857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tolfenamic acid (TA) is an NSAID currently under investigation as an anticancer agent in humans. TA induces proteosome-dependent degradation of transcription factors Sp 1, 3, and 4. These proteins are known to be overexpressed in many human cancers. HYPOTHESIS To evaluate the protein expression of Sps in canine tissue, and efficacy of TA against several canine tumor cell lines. METHODS Six canine cell lines (2 osteosarcoma, 2 mammary carcinoma, 2 melanoma) were evaluated. Protein levels of Sp 1-4 and their downstream targets were evaluated using Western Blots. Cell survival and TUNEL assays were performed on cell lines, and Sp1 expression was evaluated on histologic samples from archived canine cases. ANIMALS Six immortalized canine cancer cell lines derived from dogs were used. Archived tissue samples were also used. RESULTS Sps were highly expressed in all 6 cell lines and variably expressed in histologic tissues. TA decreased expression of Sps 1-4 in all cell lines. All of the downstream targets of Sps were inhibited in the cell lines. Variable Sp1 expression was identified in all histologic samples examined. TA significantly inhibited cell survival in all cell lines in a dose dependant fashion. The number of cells undergoing apoptosis was significantly increased (P < .05) in all cell lines after exposure to TA in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS, AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Tolfenamic acid is a potential anticancer NSAID and further investigation is needed to determine its usefulness in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wilson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Osteosarcoma models: from cell lines to zebrafish. Sarcoma 2012; 2012:417271. [PMID: 22566751 PMCID: PMC3329665 DOI: 10.1155/2012/417271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade osteosarcoma is an aggressive tumor most commonly affecting adolescents. The early age of onset might suggest genetic predisposition; however, the vast majority of the tumors are sporadic. Early onset, most often lack of a predisposing condition or lesion, only infrequent (<2%) prevalence of inheritance, extensive genomic instability, and a wide histological heterogeneity are just few factors to mention that make osteosarcoma difficult to study. Therefore, it is sensible to design and use models representative of the human disease. Here we summarize multiple osteosarcoma models established in vitro and in vivo, comment on their utilities, and highlight newest achievements, such as the use of zebrafish embryos. We conclude that to gain a better understanding of osteosarcoma, simplification of this extremely complex tumor is needed. Therefore, we parse the osteosarcoma problem into parts and propose adequate models to study them each separately. A better understanding of osteosarcoma provides opportunities for discovering and assaying novel effective treatment strategies. “Sometimes the model is more interesting than the original disease” PJ Hoedemaeker (1937–2007).
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Noh K, Kim KO, Patel NR, Staples JR, Minematsu H, Nair K, Young-In Lee F. Targeting inflammatory kinase as an adjuvant treatment for osteosarcomas. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011; 93:723-32. [PMID: 21508279 PMCID: PMC6882535 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.j.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of patients with aggressive osteosarcomas responds poorly to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Recent evidence from studies involving the liver, skin, stomach, and colon suggests that carcinogenesis is associated with inflammation. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) has diverse roles in cancer and inflammation. The hypothesis of the present study is that targeted ERK1/2 inhibition will demonstrate anti-cancer effects in osteosarcoma both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The therapeutic effect of PD98059, a MAPK/ERK pathway inhibitor, was examined with respect to cell death, survival, and anti-apoptotic protein expression by means of flow cytometry and immunoblotting in vitro. Additionally, we transplanted green fluorescent protein and luciferase-tagged 143B osteosarcoma cells into the proximal part of the tibia of nude mice. Mice were randomly assigned to treatment with doxorubicin, PD98059, or both. Vehicle-treated mice served as controls. Treatment outcome was assessed by measuring bioluminescence and by monitoring survival. RESULTS In vitro, ERK1/2 blockage increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and increased cell death in 143B osteosarcoma cells. Doxorubicin treatment increased the expression of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, but this upregulation was blocked by combined treatment with PD98059, suggesting a role for ERK1/2 in conferring drug resistance. In osteosarcoma-bearing mice, targeting ERK1/2 with PD98059 resulted in prolonged survival in comparison with vehicle-treated control mice (median survival time, sixty-seven days compared with seventy-four days; p = 0.0272; survival ratio = 0.9122; 95% confidence interval = 0.4354 to 1.389). Standalone doxorubicin treatment yielded similar animal morbidity (median survival time, sixty-seven days compared with seventy-six days; p = 0.0170; survival ratio = 0.8882; 95% confidence interval = 0.4181 to 1.358). Combined PD98059 and doxorubicin treatment further prolonged survival (median survival time, sixty-seven days compared with eighty-two days; p = 0.0023; survival ratio = 0.8232; 95% confidence interval = 0.3606 to 1.286). CONCLUSIONS Inhibiting ERK1/2 signaling resulted in osteosarcoma cell death by upregulating pro-apoptotic genes and inhibiting the Bcl-2-mediated resistance to doxorubicin. In osteosarcoma-bearing mice, ERK1/2 targeting alone or in combination with doxorubicin prolonged survival as compared with untreated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyucheol Noh
- Center for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032. E-mail address for F.Y.-I. Lee:
| | - Kyung-Ok Kim
- Center for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032. E-mail address for F.Y.-I. Lee:
| | - Neel R. Patel
- Center for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032. E-mail address for F.Y.-I. Lee:
| | - J. Robert Staples
- Center for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032. E-mail address for F.Y.-I. Lee:
| | - Hiroshi Minematsu
- Center for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032. E-mail address for F.Y.-I. Lee:
| | - Kumar Nair
- Center for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032. E-mail address for F.Y.-I. Lee:
| | - Francis Young-In Lee
- Center for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032. E-mail address for F.Y.-I. Lee:
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Expression of Snail2 in long bone osteosarcomas correlates with tumour malignancy. Tumour Biol 2011; 32:515-26. [PMID: 21207222 PMCID: PMC3109975 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Snail2 is a marker of malignancy in epithelial tumours; however, in sarcomas, it is not known if this protein is present. Here we examine the expression of Snail2 in one type of sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and explore its relationship to tumour grade, subtype and anatomical location in cases of long bone and cranial bone osteosarcoma. Long bone osteosarcomas typically have a much greater metastatic capability and a poorer prognosis. We find that Snail2 is expressed in the three main subtypes of long bone osteosarcoma—osteoblastic, chondroblastic and fibroblastic. Regression analysis showed that Snail 2 expression was statistically correlated with tumour grade (p = 0.014) in all of these subtypes. Snail2 was only expressed in high-grade cranial bone osteosarcomas, suggesting a link between Snail2 expression and metastasis. This is the first time Snail2 has been associated with any sarcoma, and this study shows that Snail2 may be a useful prognostic marker for this disease.
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Mobasheri A, Cassidy JP. Biomarkers in veterinary medicine: Towards targeted, individualised therapies for companion animals. Vet J 2010; 185:1-3. [PMID: 20541693 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK.
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