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Akköse M, Buczinski S, Özbeyaz C, Kurban M, Cengiz M, Polat Y, Aslan O. Diagnostic accuracy of refractometry methods for estimating passive immunity status in neonatal beef calves. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:53-63. [PMID: 36285620 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the inadequate transfer of passive immunity (ITPI) in beef calves is crucial because calves with ITPI are at high risk for morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of digital Brix (D-BRIX) and digital serum total protein (D-STP) refractometers to estimate different passive immunity status in beef calves and to determine the robustness of thresholds. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 202 (1-7 days old) beef calves. Serum total solid percentages, total protein concentrations, and IgG concentrations were measured with the D-BRIX refractometer, D-STP refractometer, and gold standard radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, respectively. Data were analyzed using diagnostic test accuracy, areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve, Cohen's kappa coefficient, and misclassification costs analysis to estimate IgG concentrations <10, <16, and <24 mg/mL. RESULTS For the prediction of serum IgG concentrations <10, <16 and <24 mg/mL, the optimal cut-off values were determined to be <8.5% (Se: 100.0% (95% CI: 87.9-100.0); Sp: 94.2% [95% CI: 89.6-97.2]), <8.5% (Se: 92.1% [95% CI: 78.6-98.2]; Sp: 97.6% [95% CI: 93.9-99.3]), and <10.1% (Se: 88.8% [95% CI: 79.7-94.7]; Sp: 67.2% [95% CI: 58.1-75.4]), respectively, for the D-BRIX refractometer; and <5.2 g/dL (Se: 100.0% [95% CI: 87.9-100.0]; Sp: 93.6% [95% CI: 88.9-96.8]), <5.2 g/dL (Se: 92.1% [95% CI: 78.6-98.2]; Sp: 97.0% [95% CI: 93.0-99.0]), and <6.4 g/dL (Se: 87.5% [95% CI: 78.2-93.8]; Sp: 69.7% [95% CI: 60.7-77.7]), respectively, for the D-STP refractometer. CONCLUSIONS The digital Brix and digital serum total protein refractometers can be used as monitoring tools for assessing passive immunity transfer in neonatal beef calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akköse
- Department of Livestock, Dalaman Agricultural Enterprise, General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises, Muğla, Dalaman, Turkey
| | - Sebastien Buczinski
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Ceyhan Özbeyaz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Dışkapı, Turkey
| | - Mert Kurban
- Department of Livestock, Dalaman Agricultural Enterprise, General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises, Muğla, Dalaman, Turkey
| | - Murat Cengiz
- Department of Livestock, Dalaman Agricultural Enterprise, General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises, Muğla, Dalaman, Turkey
| | - Yadigar Polat
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational High School of Health Services, Kilis 7 Aralik University, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Onur Aslan
- Department of Livestock, Dalaman Agricultural Enterprise, General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises, Muğla, Dalaman, Turkey
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Utility of Plasma Protein Biomarkers and Mid-infrared Spectroscopy for Diagnosing Fracture-related Infections: A Pilot Study. J Orthop Trauma 2022; 36:e380-e387. [PMID: 35452050 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000002379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare a large panel of plasma protein inflammatory biomarkers and mid-infrared (MIR) spectral patterns in patients with confirmed fracture-related infections (FRIs) with those in controls without infection. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING Academic, Level 1 trauma center. PATIENTS Thirteen patients meeting confirmatory FRI criteria were matched to 13 controls based on age, time after surgery, and fracture region. INTERVENTION Plasma levels of 49 proteins were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of dried films was used to obtain MIR spectra of plasma samples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS The main outcome measurements included plasma protein levels and MIR spectra of samples. RESULTS Multivariate analysis-based predictive model developed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based biomarkers had sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 69.2% ± 0.0%, 99.9% ± 1.0%, and 84.5% ± 0.6%, respectively, with platelet-derived growth factor-AB/BB, C-reactive protein, and MIG selected as the minimum number of variables explaining group differences ( P < 0.05). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the predictive model based on MIR spectra were 69.9% ± 6.2%, 71.9% ± 5.9%, and 70.9% ± 4.8%, respectively, with 6 wavenumbers as explanatory variables ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of using a select panel of plasma proteins and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to diagnose FRIs. Preliminary data suggest that the measurement of these select proteins and MIR spectra may be potential clinical tools to detect FRIs. Further investigation of these biomarkers in a larger cohort of patients is warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Sustronck B, Hoflack G, Lebrun M, Vertenten G. Bayesian latent class analysis of the characteristics of diagnostic tests to assess the passive immunity transfer status in neonatal Belgian Blue beef calves. Prev Vet Med 2022; 207:105729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gamsjäger L, Elsohaby I, Pearson JM, Levy M, Pajor EA, Windeyer MC. Evaluation of 3 refractometers to determine transfer of passive immunity in neonatal beef calves. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 35:632-643. [PMID: 33368609 PMCID: PMC7848313 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Refractometry is used to assess transfer of passive immunity (TPI), but studies evaluating different refractometers and appropriate thresholds for recommended target immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations for beef calves are limited. Objectives To evaluate test performance of digital (DSTP) and optical (OSTP) serum total protein (STP) refractometers and a digital Brix (DBRIX) refractometer for assessment of passive immunity in beef calves. Animals A total of 398 beef calves from 6 herds, 1 to 7 days of age. Methods Serum IgG concentration was estimated by DSTP, OSTP, and DBRIX, and measured by radial immunodiffusion (RID). Correlation coefficients (r) among results were calculated. Optimal STP and Brix thresholds for identification of IgG <10, <16, and <24 g/L were determined using interval likelihood ratios. Refractometer performance and agreement were assessed using areas under the curve (AUC), diagnostic test characteristics, Cohen's kappa (κ), and Bland‐Altman analysis. Results Refractometer results were highly correlated with RID (r = 0.82‐0.91) and with each other (r = 0.91‐0.95), and overall test performance was excellent (AUC = 0.93‐0.99). The STP concentrations of ≤5.1, ≤5.1, and ≤5.7 g/dL and Brix percentages of ≤7.9%, ≤8.3%, and ≤8.7% indicated IgG concentrations <10, <16, and <24 g/L, respectively. Agreement of refractometers with RID was variable (κ = 0.46‐0.80) and among refractometers was substantial (κ = 0.62‐0.89). Conclusions and Clinical Importance All refractometers showed good utility as monitoring tools for assessment of TPI in beef calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gamsjäger
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Animal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Pearson
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michel Levy
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edmond A Pajor
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Claire Windeyer
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Malek S, Marini F, Rochat MC, Béraud R, Wright GM, Riley CB. Infrared spectroscopy of synovial fluid as a potential screening approach for the diagnosis of naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis associated with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2020; 2:100120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Infrared spectroscopy of serum as a potential diagnostic screening approach for naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis associated with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:231-238. [PMID: 31682906 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate infrared (IR) spectroscopy of serum as a screening tool to differentiate dogs affected by naturally occurring osteoarthritis (OA) associated with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCLR) and controls. METHOD 104 adult dogs with CrCLR (affected group) and 50 adult control dogs were recruited for this prospective observational study. Serum samples were collected preoperatively from CrCLR dogs and from a subset of these dogs at 4-, and 12-week post-surgical intervention to stabilize the affected stifles. Serum was collected once from control dogs. Dry films were made from serum samples, and IR absorbance spectra acquired. Data preprocessing, principal component analysis and multivariate analysis of covariance were performed to separate samples from the two groups, and to evaluate temporal differences. Weighted logistic regression with L1 regularization method was used to develop a predictive model. Model performance based on an independent test set was evaluated. RESULTS Spectral data analysis revealed significant separation between the sera of CrCLR and control dogs (P < 0.0001), but not amongst different time points in the OA group. The sensitivity, specificity, AUC and accuracy of the test set were 84.62%, 96.15%, 93.20% and 92.31% respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm the potential of IR-spectroscopy of serum with chemometrics methods to differentiate controls from dogs with OA associated with CrCLR. This is the first step in development of an economic, and comparatively simple IR-based screening serum test for OA. Utility of this tool as a clinical screening and diagnostic test requires further investigation and validation.
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Cuttance EL, Regnerus C, Laven RA. A review of diagnostic tests for diagnosing failure of transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2019; 67:277-286. [PMID: 31401943 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2019.1654945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to critically assess the test characteristics and practicality of published data on direct and indirect tests for diagnosing failure of transfer of passive immunity (FPT) in dairy calves in New Zealand, to provide recommendations for veterinary practitioners, and to examine the recommended sample size for assessing herd-level prevalence of FPT and the confidence in the results obtained. The definition of FPT is based on measurement of concentrations of IgG in serum of neonatal calves after colostrum intake. The gold standard method for measurement of concentrations of IgG is radial immunodiffusion. However its cost, requirements for laboratory equipment, and the time taken to obtain results have meant that alternative tests have been developed. The turbidimetric immunoassay and ELISA also directly measure concentrations of IgG. Indirect tests include measurement of concentrations of total proteins (TP) in the laboratory or using a refractometer, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity, and the zinc sulfate turbidity (ZST) test. Of the indirect tests, measurement of concentrations of TP in the laboratory or using a refractometer combine high specificity and sensitivity with a consistent association with concentrations of IgG in calves between 1-7 days of age. Using a refractometer is less accurate than direct measurement in a laboratory, but is still a suitable test if low cost and speed are important. Although GGT activity is strongly associated with concentrations of IgG in serum, the relationship varies with time after birth. Therefore the target thresholds change with time, increasing error compared to the measurement of concentrations of TP in serum. Similarly, factors other than total concentrations of IgG have a significant effect on the association with ZST test, complicating interpretation. Thus, when direct measurement of concentrations of IgG is not feasible, the recommendation is that concentrations of TP in serum should be used as the diagnostic test for diagnosis of FPT, providing calves are not dehydrated. Using a sample size of 12 calves is suitable for estimating whether the herd-level prevalence of FPT is <20% or >20%, if there are no calves or >5 calves diagnosed with FPT, respectively, but is limited in diagnostic confidence when 1-4 calves test positive. Diagnostic interpretation can be significantly improved if tests of FPT are used alongside information on the likely risk of FPT on the tested farm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Regnerus
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - R A Laven
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
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Elsohaby I, Mweu MM, Mahmmod YS, McClure JT, Keefe GP. Diagnostic performance of direct and indirect methods for assessing failure of transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves using latent class analysis. Prev Vet Med 2019; 164:72-77. [PMID: 30771896 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in newborn calves is an essential component of dairy farm management plan. Several methods (direct and indirect) are available for diagnosis of FTPI in dairy calves. However, the indirect methods offer an advantage over the direct methods in not requiring an experienced veterinarian, rapid, cost efficient and can be performed under field-setting. The objective of this study was to estimate the diagnostic performance of radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, transmission infrared (TIR) spectroscopy and digital Brix refractometer for diagnosis of FTPI in dairy calves using latent class models at four cut-off values of digital Brix refractometer. Holstein calves (n = 691) from 40 commercial dairy farms in the four Atlantic Canada provinces were blood-sampled and tested for detection of FTPI. Results showed that the number of calves with FTPI was 253 (36.6%) by RID, 194 (28.1%) by TIR and 204 (29.5%) by Brix refractometer at cut-off value of 8.2%. Estimates of SeRID was higher than SeTIR and SeBrix, at all Brix refractometer cut-offs, but with increase of Brix refractometer cut-off from 8.2 to 8.5%, SeRID and SeTIR were decreased from 96.0% (95% PCI: 88.0-99.0) and 79.0% (95% PCI: 70.0-85.0), to 92.0% (95% PCI: 77.0-99.0) and 74.0% (95% PCI: 61.0-82.0), respectively. SpRID and SpTIR were always higher than SpBrix at all tested cut-offs and were above 92.0%, and 96.0%, respectively. With increasing the cut-off of Brix refractometer from 8.2 to 8.5%, SeBrix estimate has remarkably increased from 79.0% (95% PCI: 70.0-96.0) to 95.0% (95% PCI: 87.0-100.0), respectively. Whilst, SpBrix was decreased from 95.0% (95% PCI: 91.0-98.0) at cut-off 8.2% to 84.0% (95% PCI: 78.0-94.0) at cut-off 8.5%. In conclusion, RID has a higher Se than TIR and Brix, if the latter is used with cut-offs of 8.2% or 8.3%. However, the higher the cut-off, the more comparable sensitivities of RID and digital Brix refractometer. The median estimate of SpTIR was always higher than SpRID and SpBrix at all tested cut-offs. However, the 95% confidence interval estimates of the three tests were overlapping across the tested cut-offs of digital Brix refractometer reflecting the inability to prefer a test over the other based on the Sp estimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada; Department of Animal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia Province, Egypt.
| | - Marshal M Mweu
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yasser S Mahmmod
- Department of Animal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia Province, Egypt; IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Trenton McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Greg P Keefe
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
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Elsohaby I, McClure JT, Waite LA, Cameron M, Heider LC, Keefe GP. Using serum and plasma samples to assess failure of transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:567-577. [PMID: 30415862 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the differences in IgG and total protein (TP) content of serum and plasma samples collected from the same calves; (2) to evaluate the correlation between calf serum and plasma IgG levels, Brix scores, and TP concentrations; (3) to determine whether different cut-off values should be used for plasma and serum to assess failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy calves; and (4) to evaluate the level of agreement between results obtained from using serum and plasma samples of the same calves to assess FTPI using optimal cut-off values. Blood samples (n = 217) were collected from Holstein calves at 3 to 10 d of age on 30 commercial dairy farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, Canada. Paired serum and plasma samples were analyzed for IgG concentration by the reference radial immunodiffusion assay, transmission infrared (TIR) spectroscopy, digital and optical Brix refractometers, and optical TP refractometer. The IgG concentrations measured by RID and TIR spectroscopy in serum were similar to those in plasma. However, the Brix and TP refractometer readings were significantly higher in plasma than in serum. The prevalence of FTPI in serum and plasma samples based on a RID-IgG concentration <10 g/L was 43.3 and 46.5%, respectively. The RID-IgG concentration was correlated with TIR-IgG (r = 0.92 and 0.89), digital Brix (r = 0.80 and 0.80), optical Brix (r = 0.77 and 0.77), and optical TP (r = 0.75 and 0.77) refractometers in serum and plasma, respectively. The correlations between paired serum and plasma IgG content were 0.85 by TIR spectroscopy, 0.80 by digital Brix, 0.77 by optical Brix, and 0.79 by optical TP refractometer. The optimal cut-off values for TIR spectroscopy, digital Brix, optical Brix, and TP refractometers to assess FTPI using serum were 13.1 g/L, 8.7% Brix, 8.4% Brix and 5.1 g/dL, respectively; and the optimal cut-off values with plasma were 13.4 g/L, 9.4% Brix, 9.3% Brix and 5.8 g/dL, respectively. When using these optimal cut-off values, the level of agreement (88.1%) between results derived from testing serum and plasma by TIR spectroscopy was substantial, with a kappa (κ) value of 0.76. The results derived from testing serum and plasma by digital Brix refractometer showed substantial agreement (83.4%), with a κ value of 0.65, which is higher than the agreement and κ value (74.7% and 0.51) reported for the optical Brix refractometer. Substantial agreement (81.6%) between serum and plasma TP was also obtained when using the optical TP refractometer, with a κ value of 0.63. In conclusion, serum or plasma samples can be used interchangeably for measuring IgG concentrations and assessing FTPI in dairy calves. However, different cut-offs must be used to assess FTPI depending on the sample matrix. Furthermore, results obtained from serum samples showed higher agreement with the reference RID assay than those obtained from plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Elsohaby
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3; Department of Animal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Sharkia Province, Egypt.
| | - J T McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - L A Waite
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - M Cameron
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - L C Heider
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - G P Keefe
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
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Fetter LF, Filoda PF, Tischer B, de Cassia de Souza Schneider R, Teichmann A, Santos RO, Helfer GA, da Costa AB. At‐line monitoring of industrial frying processes using ATR‐FTIR‐PLS method. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Flores Fetter
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Sistemas e Processos IndustriaisUniversidade de Santa Cruz do Sul Santa Cruz do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Paula Freitas Filoda
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Sistemas e Processos IndustriaisUniversidade de Santa Cruz do Sul Santa Cruz do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Bruna Tischer
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Rosana de Cassia de Souza Schneider
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Sistemas e Processos IndustriaisUniversidade de Santa Cruz do Sul Santa Cruz do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Tecnologia AmbientalUniversidade de Santa Cruz do Sul Santa Cruz do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Aline Teichmann
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Sistemas e Processos IndustriaisUniversidade de Santa Cruz do Sul Santa Cruz do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Roberta Oliveira Santos
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Sistemas e Processos IndustriaisUniversidade de Santa Cruz do Sul Santa Cruz do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Gilson Augusto Helfer
- Departamento de ComputaçãoUniversidade de Santa Cruz do Sul Santa Cruz do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Adilson Ben da Costa
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Sistemas e Processos IndustriaisUniversidade de Santa Cruz do Sul Santa Cruz do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Tecnologia AmbientalUniversidade de Santa Cruz do Sul Santa Cruz do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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Elsohaby I, Windeyer MC, Haines DM, Homerosky ER, Pearson JM, McClure JT, Keefe GP. Application of transmission infrared spectroscopy and partial least squares regression to predict immunoglobulin G concentration in dairy and beef cow colostrum. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:771-782. [PMID: 29385472 PMCID: PMC6140976 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the potential of transmission infrared (TIR) spectroscopy in combination with partial least squares regression (PLSR) for quantification of dairy and beef cow colostral immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration and assessment of colostrum quality. A total of 430 colostrum samples were collected from dairy (n = 235) and beef (n = 195) cows and tested by a radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay and TIR spectroscopy. Colostral IgG concentrations obtained by the RID assay were linked to the preprocessed spectra and divided into combined and prediction data sets. Three PLSR calibration models were built: one for the dairy cow colostrum only, the second for beef cow colostrum only, and the third for the merged dairy and beef cow colostrum. The predictive performance of each model was evaluated separately using the independent prediction data set. The Pearson correlation coefficients between IgG concentrations as determined by the TIR-based assay and the RID assay were 0.84 for dairy cow colostrum, 0.88 for beef cow colostrum, and 0.92 for the merged set of dairy and beef cow colostrum. The average of the differences between colostral IgG concentrations obtained by the RID- and TIR-based assays were -3.5, 2.7, and 1.4 g/L for dairy, beef, and merged colostrum samples, respectively. Further, the average relative error of the colostral IgG predicted by the TIR spectroscopy from the RID assay was 5% for dairy cow, 1.2% for beef cow, and 0.8% for the merged data set. The average intra-assay CV% of the IgG concentration predicted by the TIR-based method were 3.2%, 2.5%, and 6.9% for dairy cow, beef cow, and merged data set, respectively.The utility of TIR method for assessment of colostrum quality was evaluated using the entire data set and showed that TIR spectroscopy accurately identified the quality status of 91% of dairy cow colostrum, 95% of beef cow colostrum, and 89% and 93% of the merged dairy and beef cow colostrum samples, respectively. The results showed that TIR spectroscopy demonstrates potential as a simple, rapid, and cost-efficient method for use as an estimate of IgG concentration in dairy and beef cow colostrum samples and assessment of colostrum quality. The results also showed that merging the dairy and beef cow colostrum sample data sets improved the predictive ability of the TIR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
- Department of Animal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia Province, Egypt
| | - M Claire Windeyer
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deborah M Haines
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- The Saskatoon Colostrum Co. Ltd, Molaro Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R Homerosky
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Pearson
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J Trenton McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Greg P Keefe
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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Thompson KA, Rayburn MC, Chigerwe M. Evaluation of the immunocrit method to detect failure of passively acquired immunity in dairy calves. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 251:702-705. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.6.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Elsohaby I, Burns JB, Riley CB, Shaw RA, McClure JT. Application of laboratory and portable attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopic approaches for rapid quantification of alpaca serum immunoglobulin G. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28651006 PMCID: PMC5484476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop and compare the performance of laboratory grade and portable attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopic approaches in combination with partial least squares regression (PLSR) for the rapid quantification of alpaca serum IgG concentration, and the identification of low IgG (<1000 mg/dL), which is consistent with the diagnosis of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in neonates. Serum samples (n = 175) collected from privately owned, healthy alpacas were tested by the reference method of radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, and laboratory grade and portable ATR-IR spectrometers. Various pre-processing strategies were applied to the ATR-IR spectra that were linked to corresponding RID-IgG concentrations, and then randomly split into two sets: calibration (training) and test sets. PLSR was applied to the calibration set and calibration models were developed, and the test set was used to assess the accuracy of the analytical method. For the test set, the Pearson correlation coefficients between the IgG measured by RID and predicted by both laboratory grade and portable ATR-IR spectrometers was 0.91. The average differences between reference serum IgG concentrations and the two IR-based methods were 120.5 mg/dL and 71 mg/dL for the laboratory and portable ATR-IR-based assays, respectively. Adopting an IgG concentration <1000 mg/dL as the cut-point for FTPI cases, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for identifying serum samples below this cut point by laboratory ATR-IR assay were 86, 100 and 98%, respectively (within the entire data set). Corresponding values for the portable ATR-IR assay were 95, 99 and 99%, respectively. These results suggest that the two different ATR-IR assays performed similarly for rapid qualitative evaluation of alpaca serum IgG and for diagnosis of IgG <1000 mg/dL, the portable ATR-IR spectrometer performed slightly better, and provides more flexibility for potential application in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
- Department of Animal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia Province, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer B. Burns
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Christopher B. Riley
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - R. Anthony Shaw
- National Research Council of Canada, Medical Devices Portfolio, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - J. Trenton McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
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Elsohaby I, McClure JT, Cameron M, Heider LC, Keefe GP. Rapid assessment of bovine colostrum quality: How reliable are transmission infrared spectroscopy and digital and optical refractometers? J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:1427-1435. [PMID: 27988130 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of the transmission infrared (IR) spectroscopic method and digital and optical Brix refractometers for measurement of colostral IgG concentration and assessment of colostrum quality of dairy cows. Colostrum samples (n = 258) were collected from Holstein cows on 30 commercial dairy farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, Canada. Colostral IgG concentrations of 255 samples were measured by the reference radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay and IR spectroscopy. The Brix scores were determined on 240 of these samples using both the digital and optical Brix refractometers. Approximately half (48%) of the colostrum samples had RID IgG concentrations <50 g/L, which was the cut-point for poor quality. The correlation between RID and IR IgG concentrations was 0.88. The correlations between RID IgG concentration and Brix scores, as determined by the digital and optical refractometers, were 0.72 and 0.71, respectively. The optimal cutoff levels for distinguishing good- and poor-quality colostrum using IR spectroscopy, and digital and optical Brix refractometers were at 35 g/L and 23% Brix, respectively. The IR spectroscopy showed higher sensitivity (90%) and specificity (86%) than the digital (74 and 80%, respectively) and optical (73 and 80%, respectively) Brix refractometers for assessment of colostrum quality, as compared with RID. In conclusion, the transmission-IR spectroscopy is a rapid and accurate method for assessing colostrum quality, but is a laboratory-based method, whereas Brix refractometers were less accurate but could be used on-farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Elsohaby
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3; Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Sharkia Province, Egypt.
| | - J T McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - M Cameron
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - L C Heider
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - G P Keefe
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
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Le Corvec M, Charpentier F, Kachenoura A, Bensaid S, Henno S, Bardou-Jacquet E, Turlin B, Monbet V, Senhadji L, Loréal O, Sire O, Betagne J, Tariel H, Lainé F. Fast and Non-Invasive Medical Diagnostic Using Mid Infrared Sensor. Ing Rech Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Elsohaby I, McClure JT, Hou S, Riley CB, Shaw RA, Keefe GP. A novel method for the quantification of bovine colostral immunoglobulin G using infrared spectroscopy. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Elsohaby I, McClure JT, Riley CB, Shaw RA, Keefe GP. Quantification of bovine immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 28:30-7. [PMID: 26699522 DOI: 10.1177/1040638715613101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated and compared the performance of transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared (IR) spectroscopic methods (in combination with quantification algorithms previously developed using partial least squares regression) for the rapid measurement of bovine serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, and detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy calves. Serum samples (n = 200) were collected from Holstein calves 1-11 days of age. Serum IgG concentrations were measured by the reference method of radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, transmission IR (TIR) and ATR-IR spectroscopy-based assays. The mean IgG concentration measured by RID was 17.22 g/L (SD ±9.60). The mean IgG concentrations predicted by TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopy methods were 15.60 g/L (SD ±8.15) and 15.94 g/L (SD ±8.66), respectively. RID IgG concentrations were positively correlated with IgG levels predicted by TIR (r = 0.94) and ATR-IR (r = 0.92). The correlation between 2 IR spectroscopic methods was 0.94. Using an IgG concentration <10 g/L as the cut-point for FTPI cases, the overall agreement between TIR and ATR-IR methods was 94%, with a corresponding kappa value of 0.84. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for identifying FTPI by TIR were 0.87, 0.97, 0.91, 0.95, and 0.94, respectively. Corresponding values for ATR-IR were 0.87, 0.95, 0.86, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively. Both TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopic approaches can be used for rapid quantification of IgG level in neonatal bovine serum and for diagnosis of FTPI in dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada (Elsohaby, McClure, Riley, Keefe)Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig city, Sharkia Province, Egypt (Elsohaby)Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Riley)National Research Council of Canada, Medical Devices Portfolio, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (Shaw)
| | - J Trenton McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada (Elsohaby, McClure, Riley, Keefe)Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig city, Sharkia Province, Egypt (Elsohaby)Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Riley)National Research Council of Canada, Medical Devices Portfolio, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (Shaw)
| | - Christopher B Riley
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada (Elsohaby, McClure, Riley, Keefe)Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig city, Sharkia Province, Egypt (Elsohaby)Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Riley)National Research Council of Canada, Medical Devices Portfolio, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (Shaw)
| | - R Anthony Shaw
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada (Elsohaby, McClure, Riley, Keefe)Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig city, Sharkia Province, Egypt (Elsohaby)Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Riley)National Research Council of Canada, Medical Devices Portfolio, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (Shaw)
| | - Gregory P Keefe
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada (Elsohaby, McClure, Riley, Keefe)Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig city, Sharkia Province, Egypt (Elsohaby)Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Riley)National Research Council of Canada, Medical Devices Portfolio, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (Shaw)
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Elsohaby I, Hou S, McClure JT, Riley CB, Shaw RA, Keefe GP. A rapid field test for the measurement of bovine serum immunoglobulin G using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:218. [PMID: 26289208 PMCID: PMC4546031 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the recent development of a new approach to quantitative analysis of IgG concentrations in bovine serum using transmission infrared spectroscopy, the potential to measure IgG levels using technology and a device better designed for field use was investigated. A method using attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR) spectroscopy in combination with partial least squares (PLS) regression was developed to measure bovine serum IgG concentrations. ATR spectroscopy has a distinct ease-of-use advantage that may open the door to routine point-of-care testing. Serum samples were collected from calves and adult cows, tested by a reference RID method, and ATR spectra acquired. The spectra were linked to the RID-IgG concentrations and then randomly split into two sets: calibration and prediction. The calibration set was used to build a calibration model, while the prediction set was used to assess the predictive performance and accuracy of the final model. The procedure was repeated for various spectral data preprocessing approaches. RESULTS For the prediction set, the Pearson's and concordance correlation coefficients between the IgG measured by RID and predicted by ATR spectroscopy were both 0.93. The Bland Altman plot revealed no obvious systematic bias between the two methods. ATR spectroscopy showed a sensitivity for detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) of 88 %, specificity of 100 % and accuracy of 94 % (with IgG <1000 mg/dL as the FTPI cut-off value). CONCLUSION ATR spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis shows potential as an alternative approach for rapid quantification of IgG concentrations in bovine serum and the diagnosis of FTPI in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada. .,Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Sharkia Province, Egypt.
| | - Siyuan Hou
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - J Trenton McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - Christopher B Riley
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada. .,Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - R Anthony Shaw
- National Research Council of Canada, Medical Devices Portfolio, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Gregory P Keefe
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3, Canada.
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