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He S, Niu C, Wei Y, Cai Y, Zhang W, Xiao Y, Yin J. COVID-19 impacts on cross-border mobility of senior population between Shenzhen and Hong Kong. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1285288. [PMID: 38054075 PMCID: PMC10694502 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1285288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of the COVID-19 outbreak led to widespread adoption of mobility intervention policies, which were widely regarded as effective measures to control the spread of the virus. The initial pandemic wave, accompanied by the enforcement of mobility intervention policies, greatly changed human mobility patterns, especially cross-border mobility (CBM). This study investigates the impact of the first wave of the pandemic and related mobility intervention policies on the CBM of the senior population between Shenzhen and Hong Kong. Based on anonymous mobile phone trajectory data from 17 million devices active in Shenzhen spanning December 2019 to May 2020, we consider the implementation of mobility intervention policies during different stages of pandemic in both cities. We adopt interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to explore the causal effects of different mobility intervention policies on the CBM of older people between Hong Kong and Shenzhen. We find that most mobility intervention policies have a significant abrupt or gradual effect on the CBM of older people, especially in the 60-64 age group. As these policies neglect the mobility needs and characteristics among the senior groups, such as visiting relatives or friends and seeking medical treatment across borders, we suggest that more coordinated and integrated policies and measures are required to address the CBM needs of older people in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, especially in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi He
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Caicheng Niu
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wei
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinger Cai
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingbo Xiao
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Qianhai Construction and Investment Holding Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Shenzhen, China
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Zhao H, Mailloux BJ, Cook EM, Culligan PJ. Change of urban park usage as a response to the COVID-19 global pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19324. [PMID: 37935778 PMCID: PMC10630328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban parks became critical for maintaining the well-being of urban residents during the COVID-19 global pandemic. To examine the impact of COVID-19 on urban park usage, we selected New York City (NYC) and used SafeGraph mobility data, which was collected from a large sample of mobile phone users, to assess the change in park visits and travel distance to a park based on 1) park type, 2) the income level of the visitor census block group (visitor CBG) and 3) that of the park census block group (park CBG). All analyses were adjusted for the impact of temperature on park visitation, and we focused primarily on visits made by NYC residents. Overall, for the eight most popular park types in NYC, visits dropped by 49.2% from 2019 to 2020. The peak reduction in visits occurred in April 2020. Visits to all park types, excluding Nature Areas, decreased from March to December 2020 as compared to 2019. Parks located in higher-income CBGs tended to have lower reductions in visits, with this pattern being primarily driven by large parks, including Flagship Parks, Community Parks and Nature Areas. All types of parks saw significant decreases in distance traveled to visit them, with the exception of the Jointly Operated Playground, Playground, and Nature Area park types. Visitors originating from lower-income CBGs traveled shorter distances to parks and had less reduction in travel distances compared to those from higher-income CBGs. Furthermore, both before and during the pandemic, people tended to travel a greater distance to parks located in high-income CBGs compared to those in low-income CBGs. Finally, multiple types of parks proved crucial destinations for NYC residents during the pandemic. This included Nature Areas to which the visits remained stable, along with Recreation Field/Courts which had relatively small decreases in visits, especially for lower-income communities. Results from this study can support future park planning by shedding light on the different uses of certain park types before and during a global crisis, when access to these facilities can help alleviate the human well-being consequences of "lockdown" policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokai Zhao
- Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Brian J Mailloux
- Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Cook
- Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Patricia J Culligan
- College of Engineering, Univerisity of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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Huang D, He F, Liu W. Using geospatial trajectories to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the associations between environmental attributes and runnability of park trails. Health Place 2023; 84:103145. [PMID: 37976914 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the associated social distancing measures have produced alterations in park visits of individuals, as well as their park-based physical activity (e.g. running exercise). Although studies on the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in running activity patterns are becoming an emerging focus, less is known about how these changes are related to the environmental attributes of parks before and after the pandemic, the knowledge of which is essential to planning green infrastructure that better supports physical activities. Therefore, we employed a volunteered geographic information approach to investigate the runnability of park trails in Shenzhen, utilizing self-tracking routes from Strava, in order to uncover the associations between trail characteristics and park features with the running intensity before and after the pandemic. Multilevel regression model analyses revealed that trail network connectivity was the only environmental attribute indicating consistent and positive associations with running intensity. Blue space density was positively correlated with running intensity in urban parks but indicated no significant association in forest parks before the pandemic. In the pre-pandemic era, population density was positively related to running intensity in urban and forest parks. However, after the pandemic, the associations between running behaviours and population density remained positive in forest parks but turned insignificant in urban parks. The outbreak of the pandemic also altered the influence of other park features (e.g. park shape and trail density) on running intensity. The evidence-based knowledge provides planners with significant insights into pandemic-resilient park planning for the post-COVID era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengkai Huang
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, Shenzhen, China; Lab for Optimizing Design of Built Environment, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Beautiful China, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Fang He
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Institute of Beautiful China, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Shenzhen Meidao Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning and Design Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Institute of Beautiful China, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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Li J, Chang Y, Cai X, Liu S, Peng Y, Feng T, Qi J, Ji Y, Xia Y, Lai W. Health perception and restorative experience in the therapeutic landscape of urban wetland parks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1272347. [PMID: 37860799 PMCID: PMC10582751 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1272347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The effects of restoration and inspiration in the therapeutic landscape of natural environments on visitors during the COVID-19 pandemic have been well-documented. However, less attention has been paid to the heterogeneity of visitor perceptions of health and the potential impacts of experiences in wetland parks with green and blue spaces on visitors' overall perceived health. In this study, we investigate the impact of the restorative landscapes of wetland parks on visitors' health perceptions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In our survey, 582 respondents participated in an online questionnaire. We analyzed the respondents' health perceptions in terms of latent class analysis, used multinomial logistic regression to determine the factors influencing the potential categorization of health perceptions, and used structural equation modeling to validate the relationships between health perceptions of different groups and landscape perceptions of wetland parks, restorative experiences, and personality optimistic tendencies. Results The results identified three latent classes of health perceptions. Gender, marital status, education, occupation, income, distance, frequency of activities, and intensity of activities were significant predictors of potential classes of perceived health impacts among wetland park visitors. Discussion This study revealed the nature and strength of the relationships between health perception and landscape perception, restorative experience, and dispositional optimism tendencies in wetland parks. These findings can be targeted not only to improve visitor health recovery but also to provide effective references and recommendations for wetland park design, planning, and management practices during and after an epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Chang
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxi Cai
- School of Art and Design, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaobo Liu
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - You Peng
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Tao Feng
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jialing Qi
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yifeng Ji
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiting Xia
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenbo Lai
- School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Liu C, Zhang W. Social and spatial heterogeneities in COVID-19 impacts on individual's metro use: A big-data driven causality inference. APPLIED GEOGRAPHY (SEVENOAKS, ENGLAND) 2023; 155:102947. [PMID: 37035417 PMCID: PMC10070784 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.102947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
While mobility intervention policies implemented during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak had a significant impact on public transit use, few studies have investigated the individual-level responses in metro transit riding behaviors. Using long time-series cellphone big data from frequent metro users in Shenzhen, China, we developed a quasi-experimental interrupted time series (ITS) design to estimate the treatment effects of mobility intervention policies on people's daily shares of metro transit use (SMU). The results indicate that the first-level emergency response (FLR) and the public transit restriction (PTR) policy yielded abrupt drops in SMU of 8.0% and 17.6%, respectively, whereas the return-to-work (RTW) order had an immediate recovery effect of 14.5%. The effect of the FLR is time-decreasing while those effects of the PTR and the RTW are time-increasing. Females and elderly people living in neighborhoods near the city center with low population density and fewer transit stations are more adaptable to policy interventions for reducing SMUs, while the recovery effect of RTW is relatively low for the elderly living in less mixed-use neighborhoods with reduced transit service. These findings can help policymakers design more socially- and spatially-precise and equity mobility intervention policies during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liu
- School of Urban Planning & Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- School of Urban Planning & Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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Niu C, Zhang W. Causal effects of mobility intervention policies on intracity flows during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of zonal locations in the transportation networks. COMPUTERS, ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS 2023; 102:101957. [PMID: 36938101 PMCID: PMC10011038 DOI: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2023.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the impact of mobility restriction policies on the change of intercity flows during the outbreak of COVID-19, whereas only a few have highlighted intracity flows. By using the mobile phone trajectory data of approximately three months, we develop an interrupted time series quasi-experimental design to estimate the abrupt and gradual effects of mobility intervention policies during the pandemic on intracity flows of 491 neighborhoods in Shenzhen, China, with a focus on the role of urban transport networks. The results show that the highest level of public health emergency response caused an abrupt decline by 4567 trips and a gradually increasing effect by 34 trips per day. The effectiveness of the second return-to-work order (RtW2) was found to be clearly larger than that of the first return-to-work order (RtW1) as a mobility restoration strategy. The causal effects of mobility intervention policies are heterogenous across zonal locations in varying urban transport networks. The declining effect of health emergency response and rebounding effect of RtW2 are considerably large in better-connected neighborhoods with metro transit, as well as in those close to the airport. These findings provide new insights into the identification of pandemic-vulnerable hotspots in the transport network inside the city, as well as of crucial neighborhoods with increased adaptability to mobility interventions during the onset and decline of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caicheng Niu
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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