1
|
Houard J, Normand A, Di Russo E, Bacchi C, Dalapati P, Beainy G, Moldovan S, Da Costa G, Delaroche F, Vaudolon C, Chauveau JM, Hugues M, Blavette D, Deconihout B, Vella A, Vurpillot F, Rigutti L. A photonic atom probe coupling 3D atomic scale analysis with in situ photoluminescence spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:083704. [PMID: 32872963 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Laser enhanced field evaporation of surface atoms in laser-assisted Atom Probe Tomography (APT) can simultaneously excite photoluminescence in semiconductor or insulating specimens. An atom probe equipped with appropriate focalization and collection optics has been coupled with an in situ micro-photoluminescence (μPL) bench that can be operated during APT analysis. The photonic atom probe instrument we have developed operates at frequencies up to 500 kHz and is controlled by 150 fs laser pulses tunable in energy in a large spectral range (spanning from deep UV to near IR). Micro-PL spectroscopy is performed using a 320 mm focal length spectrometer equipped with a CCD camera for time-integrated and with a streak camera for time-resolved acquisitions. An example of application of this instrument on a multi-quantum well oxide heterostructure sample illustrates the potential of this new generation of tomographic atom probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Houard
- UNIROUEN, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - A Normand
- UNIROUEN, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - E Di Russo
- UNIROUEN, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - C Bacchi
- UNIROUEN, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - P Dalapati
- UNIROUEN, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - G Beainy
- UNIROUEN, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - S Moldovan
- UNIROUEN, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - G Da Costa
- UNIROUEN, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - F Delaroche
- UNIROUEN, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - C Vaudolon
- UNIROUEN, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - J M Chauveau
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Hétéro-Epitaxie et ses Applications, UPR10 CNRS, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - M Hugues
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Hétéro-Epitaxie et ses Applications, UPR10 CNRS, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - D Blavette
- UNIROUEN, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - B Deconihout
- UNIROUEN, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - A Vella
- UNIROUEN, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - F Vurpillot
- UNIROUEN, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - L Rigutti
- UNIROUEN, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rigutti L, Venturi L, Houard J, Normand A, Silaeva EP, Borz M, Malykhin SA, Obraztsov AN, Vella A. Optical Contactless Measurement of Electric Field-Induced Tensile Stress in Diamond Nanoscale Needles. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7401-7409. [PMID: 29095635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of a high electrostatic field at the apex of monocrystalline diamond nanoscale needles induces an energy splitting of the photoluminescence lines of color centers. In particular, the splitting of the zero-phonon line of the neutral nitrogen-vacancy complex (NV0) has been studied within a laser-assisted tomographic atom probe equipped with an in situ microphotoluminescence bench. The measured quadratic dependence of the energy splitting on the applied voltage corresponds to the stress generated on the metal-like apex surface by the electrostatic field. Tensile stress up to 7 GPa has thus been measured in the proximity of the needle apex. Furthermore, the stress scales along the needle shank inversely proportionally to its axial cross section. We demonstrate thus a method for contactless piezo-spectroscopy of nanoscale systems by electrostatic field regulation for the study of their mechanical properties. These results also provide an experimental confirmation to the models of dielectrics surface metallization under high electrostatic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Rigutti
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen, France
| | - L Venturi
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen, France
| | - J Houard
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen, France
| | - A Normand
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen, France
| | - E P Silaeva
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen, France
| | - M Borz
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen, France
| | - S A Malykhin
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland , Joensuu 80101, Finland
- Department of Physics, M V Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A N Obraztsov
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland , Joensuu 80101, Finland
- Department of Physics, M V Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A Vella
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mancini L, Moyon F, Hernàndez-Maldonado D, Blum I, Houard J, Lefebvre W, Vurpillot F, Das A, Monroy E, Rigutti L. Carrier Localization in GaN/AlN Quantum Dots As Revealed by Three-Dimensional Multimicroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4261-4269. [PMID: 28654283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The localization of carrier states in GaN/AlN self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) is studied by correlative multimicroscopy relying on microphotoluminescence, electron tomography, and atom probe tomography (APT). Optically active field emission tip specimens were prepared by focused ion beam from an epitaxial film containing a stack of quantum dot layers and analyzed with different techniques applied subsequently on the same tip. The transition energies of single QDs were calculated in the framework of a 6-bands k.p model on the basis of APT and scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization showing that a good agreement between experimental and calculated energies can be obtained, overcoming the limitations of both techniques. The results indicate that holes effectively localize at interface fluctuations at the bottom of the QD, decreasing the extent of the wave function and the band-to-band transition energy. They also represent an important step toward the correlation of the three-dimensional atomic scale structural information with the optical properties of single light emitters based on quantum confinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mancini
- Normandie University, GPM, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Florian Moyon
- Normandie University, GPM, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen, France
| | - David Hernàndez-Maldonado
- Normandie University, GPM, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen, France
- SuperSTEM STFC Daresbury Laboratories , Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Blum
- Normandie University, GPM, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jonathan Houard
- Normandie University, GPM, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Williams Lefebvre
- Normandie University, GPM, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen, France
| | - François Vurpillot
- Normandie University, GPM, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Aparna Das
- Université Grenoble Alpes , 38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA-Grenoble, INAC-PHELIQS , 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eva Monroy
- Université Grenoble Alpes , 38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA-Grenoble, INAC-PHELIQS , 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lorenzo Rigutti
- Normandie University, GPM, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS , 76000 Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Wang H, Houard J, Arnoldi L, Hideur A, Silaeva EP, Deconihout B, Vella A. Effect of the laser pulse width on the field evaporation behavior of metals and oxides. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 160:18-22. [PMID: 26413936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The laser assisted field-evaporation of metals and oxides strongly depends on the illumination conditions. Here we study the effect of laser pulse width using two different laser systems, with a pulse duration of a few tens of femtoseconds and a few tens of picoseconds, respectively. Adjusting the laser wavelength by nonlinear optical conversion systems, we study the evaporation behavior of FeCu and MgO samples. We prove that the laser pulse width does not affect the evaporation behavior, in the range of duration explored. These results are explained taking into account the absorption behavior of nanometric samples and their thermal properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR CNRS 6634 - CORIA UMR CNRS 6614, Normandie Université, Université-INSA de Rouen, Avenue de l'Université BP 12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - J Houard
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR CNRS 6634 - CORIA UMR CNRS 6614, Normandie Université, Université-INSA de Rouen, Avenue de l'Université BP 12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - L Arnoldi
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR CNRS 6634 - CORIA UMR CNRS 6614, Normandie Université, Université-INSA de Rouen, Avenue de l'Université BP 12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - A Hideur
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR CNRS 6634 - CORIA UMR CNRS 6614, Normandie Université, Université-INSA de Rouen, Avenue de l'Université BP 12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - E P Silaeva
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR CNRS 6634 - CORIA UMR CNRS 6614, Normandie Université, Université-INSA de Rouen, Avenue de l'Université BP 12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - B Deconihout
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR CNRS 6634 - CORIA UMR CNRS 6614, Normandie Université, Université-INSA de Rouen, Avenue de l'Université BP 12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - A Vella
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR CNRS 6634 - CORIA UMR CNRS 6614, Normandie Université, Université-INSA de Rouen, Avenue de l'Université BP 12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rigutti L, Blum I, Shinde D, Hernández-Maldonado D, Lefebvre W, Houard J, Vurpillot F, Vella A, Tchernycheva M, Durand C, Eymery J, Deconihout B. Correlation of microphotoluminescence spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and atom probe tomography on a single nano-object containing an InGaN/GaN multiquantum well system. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:107-114. [PMID: 24397602 DOI: 10.1021/nl4034768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A single nanoscale object containing a set of InGaN/GaN nonpolar multiple-quantum wells has been analyzed by microphotoluminescence spectroscopy (μPL), high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HR-STEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). The correlated measurements constitute a rich and coherent set of data supporting the interpretation that the observed μPL narrow emission lines, polarized perpendicularly to the crystal c-axis and with energies in the interval 2.9-3.3 eV, are related to exciton states localized in potential minima induced by the irregular 3D In distribution within the quantum well (QW) planes. This novel method opens up interesting perspectives, as it will be possible to apply it on a wide class of quantum confining emitters and nano-objects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Rigutti
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, UMR CNRS 6634, Normandie University, University of Rouen and INSA Rouen , 76801 St. Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|