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Subramanian G, Kalidasan K, Quah S, Han QCG, Chan J, Wacker MG, Sampath P. Breaking barriers: Innovative approaches for skin delivery of RNA therapeutics. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124435. [PMID: 38986965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics represent a rapidly expanding platform with game-changing prospects in personalized medicine. The disruptive potential of this technology will overhaul the standard of care with reference to both primary and specialty care. To date, RNA therapeutics have mostly been delivered parenterally via injection, but topical administration followed by intradermal or transdermal delivery represents an attractive method that is convenient to patients and minimally invasive. The skin barrier, particularly the lipid-rich stratum corneum, presents a significant hurdle to the uptake of large, charged oligonucleotide drugs. Therapeutic oligonucleotides need to be engineered for stability and specificity and formulated with state-of-the-art delivery strategies for efficient uptake. This review will cover various passive and active strategies deployed to enhance permeation through the stratum corneum and achieve effective delivery of RNA therapeutics to treat both local skin disorders and systemic diseases. Some strategies to achieve selectivity between local and systemic administration will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowtham Subramanian
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Kamaladasan Kalidasan
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Shan Quah
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Qi Chou Gavin Han
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore (NUS), 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Justin Chan
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore (NUS), 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore.
| | - Prabha Sampath
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), 11 Mandalay Road #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, #02-01 Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Program in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
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Han J, Choi YJ, Kang SK. Synergistic Strategies of Biomolecular Transport Technologies in Transdermal Healthcare Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401753. [PMID: 39087395 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal healthcare systems have gained significant attention for their painless and convenient drug administration, as well as their ability to detect biomarkers promptly. However, the skin barrier limits the candidates of biomolecules that can be transported, and reliance on simple diffusion poses a bottleneck for personalized diagnosis and treatment. Consequently, recent advancements in transdermal transport technologies have evolved toward active methods based on external energy sources. Multiple combinations of these technologies have also shown promise for increasing therapeutic effectiveness and diagnostic accuracy as delivery efficiency is maximized. Furthermore, wearable healthcare platforms are being developed in diverse aspects for patient convenience, safety, and on-demand treatment. Herein, a comprehensive overview of active transdermal delivery technologies is provided, highlighting the combination-based diagnostics, therapeutics, and theragnostics, along with the latest trends in platform advancements. This offers insights into the potential applications of next-generation wearable transdermal medical devices for personalized autonomous healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Jeong Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Nano Systems Institute SOFT Foundry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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Li H, Shi Y, Ding X, Zhen C, Lin G, Wang F, Tang B, Li X. Recent advances in transdermal insulin delivery technology: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133452. [PMID: 38942414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery refers to the administration of drugs through the skin, after which the drugs can directly act on or circulate through the body to the target organs or cells and avoid the first-pass metabolism in the liver and kidneys experienced by oral drugs, reducing the risk of drug poisoning. From the initial singular approach to transdermal drug delivery, there has been a shift toward combining multiple methods to enhance drug permeation efficiency and address the limitations of individual approaches. Technological advancements have also improved the accuracy of drug delivery. Optimizing insulin itself also enables its long-term release via needle-free injectors. In this review, the diverse transdermal delivery methods employed in insulin therapy and their respective advantages and limitations are discussed. By considering factors such as the principles of transdermal penetration, drug delivery efficiency, research progress, synergistic innovations among different methods, patient compliance, skin damage, and posttreatment skin recovery, a comprehensive evaluation is presented, along with prospects for potential novel combinatorial approaches. Furthermore, as insulin is a macromolecular drug, insights gained from its transdermal delivery may also serve as a valuable reference for the use of other macromolecular drugs for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China; School of Arts and Design, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xinbing Ding
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China.
| | - Chengdong Zhen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Guimei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China.
| | - Bingtao Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- School of Arts and Design, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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4
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Lee SW, Goo BL. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Enhances Drug Penetration into the Human Skin in the Franz Diffusion Cell. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1711-1721. [PMID: 39071845 PMCID: PMC11283244 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s457145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Purpose High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)-assisted drug delivery is a non-invasive tool to deliver drugs to targeted areas, currently used mainly for treating cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, in terms of transdermal drug delivery, HIFU technology is still poorly understood. Accordingly, this study sought to investigate the effectiveness of HIFU on drug penetration into the skin using human skin tissues. Methods Gel-type drugs whose ingredient is glutathione were labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate, in turn the drugs were allowed to penetrate to the human skin tissue in the Franz diffusion cell for 24 hours in control and HIFU treatment groups, and their fluorescence intensity was measured using a multiple microplate reader at one, two, six, and 24 hours after drug application. In addition, tissue slice analysis was performed in each tissue slice at 24 hours post-drug application. The % area, fluorescence intensity per area, and penetration depth of the drug were measured using a fluorescence microscope. Results The fluorescence intensity increased with time in all groups. Specifically, at 24 hours after drug application, the fluorescence intensity (a.u). of the 10-shot HIFU treatment group was significantly enhanced compared to that of the control group (p < 0.05). The tissue slice analysis demonstrated that the % area of fluorescent drug and the fluorescence intensity per area (a.u.) were all significantly increased in both HIFU treatment groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). In addition, the penetration depth (μm) also markedly rose in both HIFU treatment groups compared to the control group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Conclusion It was demonstrated for the first time that HIFU significantly facilitated topical drug penetration into the human skin, strongly implying that HIFU can be a useful option for transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Won Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boncheol Leo Goo
- Skin Rehabilitation Center, Naeum Dermatology and Aesthetics Clinic, Seoul, Korea
- Clinical Trial Center, Corederm Inc, Seoul, Korea
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Marathe D, Bhuvanashree VS, Mehta CH, T. A, Nayak UY. Low-Frequency Sonophoresis: A Promising Strategy for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2024; 2024:1247450. [PMID: 38938593 PMCID: PMC11208788 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1247450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sonophoresis is the most approachable mode of transdermal drug delivery system, wherein low-frequency sonophoresis penetrates the drug molecules into the skin. It is an alternative method for an oral system of drug delivery and hypodermal injections. The cavitation effect is thought to be the main mechanism used in sonophoresis. The cavitation process involves forming a gaseous bubble and its rupture, induced in the coupled medium. Other mechanisms used are thermal effects, convectional effects, and mechanical effects. It mainly applies to transporting hydrophilic drugs, macromolecules, gene delivery, and vaccine delivery. It is also used in carrier-mediated delivery in the form of micelles, liposomes, and dendrimers. Some synergistic effects of sonophoresis, along with some permeation enhancers, such as chemical enhancers, iontophoresis, electroporation, and microneedles, increased the effectiveness of drug penetration. Sonophoresis-mediated ocular drug delivery, nail drug delivery, gene delivery to the brain, sports medicine, and sonothrombolysis are also widely used. In conclusion, while sonophoresis offers promising applications in diverse fields, further research is essential to comprehensively elucidate the biophysical mechanisms governing ultrasound-tissue interactions. Addressing these gaps in understanding will enable the refinement and optimization of sonophoresis-based therapeutic strategies for enhanced clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Marathe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Vasudeva Sampriya Bhuvanashree
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Chetan Hasmukh Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Ashwini T.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Usha Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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Li Y, Guo M, Guo G, Ma Q. Transdermal drug delivery mediated by acoustic vortex beam. ULTRASONICS 2024; 140:107304. [PMID: 38537516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug delivery exhibits various advantages such as biocompatibility, controllability and safety, which attracts plenty of interests within biomedical field. Current researches mostly emphasizes the acoustic cavitation generated by planar or focused waves while neglecting other physics that occur during transportation. Our experimental study illustrates the presence of an acoustic vortex (AV) beam that exhibits a lower acoustic intensity and typically means a lower dose of inertial cavitation, yet achieves a more efficient delivery. Such a result calls for the fundamental mechanism of ultrasound-mediated transdermal transfer using the AV beam. In this work, according to our knowledge, the AV beam is firstly introduced to ultrasound-mediated transdermal medication delivery. The transversal acoustic radiation force (T-ARF), which is the primary characteristic carried by the acoustic vortex beam, and its contribution to the transport enhancement are investigated. It is shown that a focused AV (FAV) beam with a maximal acoustic pressure of 200 kPa induces a pN-level T-ARF, which promotes the enlargement of pores on the stratum corneum and thereby enhances the permeability, as compared with a zero-order (non-vortex) counterpart. This contribution of the T-ARF is validated by the experimental transport on the cellulose membrane, which exhibits a significantly increased membrane porosity and delivery efficiency. The favorable results introduce the new degree of freedom into the ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug transport based on AV beam, and thereby promotes the development of a combined control strategy for more precise and efficient transdermal drug delivery in conjunction with the administration of acoustic cavitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Li
- School of Computer and Electronic Information/ School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mingcong Guo
- School of Computer and Electronic Information/ School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gepu Guo
- School of Computer and Electronic Information/ School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- School of Computer and Electronic Information/ School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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7
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Zhang H, Pan Y, Hou Y, Li M, Deng J, Wang B, Hao S. Smart Physical-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery System:Towards Intelligence and Controlled Release. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306944. [PMID: 37852939 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems based on physical principles have provided a stable, efficient, and safe strategy for disease therapy. However, the intelligent device with real-time control and precise drug release is required to enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient compliance. This review summarizes the recent developments, application scenarios, and drug release characteristics of smart transdermal drug delivery systems fabricated with physical principle. Special attention is paid to the progress of intelligent design and concepts in of physical-based transdermal drug delivery technologies for real-time monitoring and precise drug release. In addition, facing with the needs of clinical treatment and personalized medicine, the recent progress and trend of physical enhancement are further highlighted for transdermal drug delivery systems in combination with pharmaceutical dosage forms to achieve better transdermal effects and facilitate the development of smart medical devices. Finally, the next generation and future application scenarios of smart physical-based transdermal drug delivery systems are discussed, a particular focus in vaccine delivery and tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yinping Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jia Deng
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shilei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Lee DH, Lim S, Kwak SS, Kim J. Advancements in Skin-Mediated Drug Delivery: Mechanisms, Techniques, and Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302375. [PMID: 38009520 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Skin-mediated drug delivery methods currently are receiving significant attention as a promising approach for the enhanced delivery of drugs through the skin. Skin-mediated drug delivery offers the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional drug delivery methods, including oral administration and intravenous injection. The challenges associated with drug permeation through layers of skin, which act as a major barrier, are explored, and strategies to overcome these limitations are discussed in detail. This review categorizes skin-mediated drug delivery methods based on the means of increasing drug permeation, and it provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and techniques associated with these methods. In addition, recent advancements in the application of skin-mediated drug delivery are presented. The review also outlines the limitations of ongoing research and suggests future perspectives of studies regarding the skin-mediated delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ha Lee
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lim
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kwak
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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Cammarano A, Dello Iacono S, Meglio C, Nicolais L. Advances in Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: A Bibliometric and Patent Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2762. [PMID: 38140102 PMCID: PMC10747220 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems have become an intriguing research topic in healthcare technology and one of the most frequently developed pharmaceutical products in the global market. In recent years, researchers and pharmaceutical companies have made significant progress in developing new solutions in the field. This study sheds light on current trends, collaboration patterns, research hotspots, and emerging frontiers of transdermal drug delivery. Herein, a bibliometric and patent analysis of data recovered from Scopus and The Lens databases, respectively, is reported over the last 20 years. From 2000 to 2022, the annual global publications increased from 131 in 2000 to 659 in 2022. Researchers in the United States, China, and India produced the highest number of publications. Likewise, most patent applications have been filed in the USA, China, and Europe. The recovered patents are 7275, grouped into 2997 patent families, of which 314 were granted. This study could support the work of decision-makers, scientific managers, or scientists to create new business opportunities or save money, time, and intellectual capital, thereby defining when a research or technology project should be a priority or not.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania Dello Iacono
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council, P.le Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Nicolais
- Materias Srl, Corso N. Protopisani 50, 80146 Naples, Italy
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10
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Joshi N, Azizi Machekposhti S, Narayan RJ. Evolution of Transdermal Drug Delivery Devices and Novel Microneedle Technologies: A Historical Perspective and Review. JID INNOVATIONS 2023; 3:100225. [PMID: 37744689 PMCID: PMC10514214 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of transdermal drug delivery is as old as humankind. Transdermal drug delivery has undergone three generations of development; the third generation has involved the use of medical devices and instruments. This review provides a historical perspective on the primary approaches employed in the three generations of transdermal drug delivery. In addition, we explore some of the recently developed transdermal techniques that are deemed promising in the field of drug delivery. We discuss how advances in these techniques have led to the development of devices for the delivery of a therapeutically effective amount of drug across human skin and highlight the limitations of the first- and second-generation drug delivery tools. As such, a review of the performance of these techniques and the toxicity of the devices used in transdermal drug delivery are considered. In the last section of the review, a discussion of the fabrication and operation of different types of microneedles is presented. The applications of microneedles in the sensing and delivery of various therapeutic agents are described in detail. Furthermore, an overview of the efficacy of microneedles as emerging tools for the controlled release of drugs is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sina Azizi Machekposhti
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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11
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Xu Y, Zhao M, Cao J, Fang T, Zhang J, Zhen Y, Wu F, Yu X, Liu Y, Li J, Wang D. Applications and recent advances in transdermal drug delivery systems for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4417-4441. [PMID: 37969725 PMCID: PMC10638506 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease predominantly based on joint lesions with an extremely high disability and deformity rate. Several drugs have been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but their use is limited by suboptimal bioavailability, serious adverse effects, and nonnegligible first-pass effects. In contrast, transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) can avoid these drawbacks and improve patient compliance, making them a promising option for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Of course, TDDSs also face unique challenges, as the physiological barrier of the skin makes drug delivery somewhat limited. To overcome this barrier and maximize drug delivery efficiency, TDDSs have evolved in terms of the principle of transdermal facilitation and transdermal facilitation technology, and different generations of TDDSs have been derived, which have significantly improved transdermal efficiency and even achieved individualized controlled drug delivery. In this review, we summarize the different generations of transdermal drug delivery systems, the corresponding transdermal strategies, and their applications in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinxue Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ting Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanli Zhen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fangling Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yaming Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dongkai Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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12
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Ahmed Tawfik M, Eltaweel MM, Farag MM, Shamsel-Din HA, Ibrahim AB. Sonophoresis-assisted transdermal delivery of antimigraine-loaded nanolipomers: Radio-tracking, histopathological assessment and in-vivo biodistribution study. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123338. [PMID: 37607646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a disabling neurovascular polygenic disorder affecting life quality with escorted socioeconomic encumbrances. Herein, we investigated the consolidated amalgamation of passive lipomer approach alongside active sonophoresis assisted transdermal delivery of zolmitriptan (ZT) using high frequency ultrasound pre-treatment protocol to mitigate migraine attacks. A modified nanoprecipitation technique was utilized to prepare zolmitriptan loaded lipomers (ZTL) adopting 23 factorial design. Three factors were scrutinized namely lipid type, ZT: lipid ratio and ZT: Gantrez® ratio. The prepared systems were characterized regarding particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro release studies. The best achieved ZTL system was evaluated for ZT- Gantrez® intermolecular interactions, drug crystallinity, morphology, ex-vivo permeation and histopathological examination. Finally, a comparative in-vivo biodistribution study through radiotracking technique using Technetium-99 m was adopted. L2 was the best-achieved ZTL system with respect to spherical particle size (390.7 nm), zeta-potential (-30.8 mV), PDI (0.2), entrapment efficiency (86.2%), controlled release profile, flux (147.13 μg/cm2/hr) and enhancement ratio (5.67). Histopathological studies proved the safety of L2 system upon application on skin. L2 revealed higher brain Cmax (12.21 %ID/g), prolonged brain MRT (8.67 hr), prolonged brain 0.23 hr), significantly high relative bioavailability (2929.36%) and similar brain Tmax (0.5 hr) compared to I.V. route with higher brain/blood ratio. Thus, sonophoresis assisted transdermal delivery of ZTL offers a propitious alterative to alleviate migraine symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ahmed Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mai M Eltaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Michael M Farag
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Hesham A Shamsel-Din
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Ibrahim
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Verana G, Tijani AO, Puri A. Nanosuspension-based microneedle skin patch of baclofen for sustained management of multiple sclerosis-related spasticity. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123352. [PMID: 37647979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Baclofen (BAC) is the first-line recommendation to treat spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis whose treatment goals include improving mobility or easing pain. The short half-life of BAC calls for multiple daily dosing which may be eliminated by the development of a transdermal system. This study aimed to assess the effect of transdermal microneedle patches on improving the skin permeation of BAC. Nanosuspension-loaded microneedle patch containing BAC was fabricated and characterized. In vitro permeation of BAC across intact and microneedle-treated dermatomed porcine ear skin was evaluated. In vitro passive permeation of BAC solution after 72 h was observed to be 92.56 ± 11.24 µg/cm2. A near 9-fold enhancement was observed when employing the strategy of microneedle-mediated delivery of the solution. To increase drug loading, two strategies, nanosizing and microneedle-mediated delivery, were combined and permeation of BAC after 72 h resulted to be 1951.95 ± 82.01 µg/cm2 (p < 0.05). Microneedle-mediated transdermal delivery of BAC holds potential for sustained management of multiple sclerosis-related spasticity. Nanosizing of BAC particles facilitated higher drug loading in MN patches and an eventual increase in cumulative drug permeation from the patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Verana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Akeemat O Tijani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States.
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14
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Lin Z, Zheng K, Zhong J, Zheng X. Advances in microneedle-based therapy for bone disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115013. [PMID: 37531783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-related disorders treatment is a serious public health concern, imposing a significant social and economic burden on patients and healthcare systems. Although conventional drug delivery systems have made advances in bone diseases prevention and management, the limited delivery efficiency and convoluted focal environment lead to inadequate drug absorption and lack of specificity to achieve the intended therapeutic impact. Microneedle-based therapy represents an extraordinarily safe and well-tolerable therapeutic approach for treating bone disorders, providing improved efficacy by breaking down the barriers and delivery of therapeutic components to the target sites with programable release profiles in a less invasive manner. Over the past decades, numerous significant achievements in the development of various types of drug-carried microneedles have been made to address the obstacles encountered in the bone-treating procedure, enabling the microneedle-based therapy to take an important step in practical applications. In this light, this review summarizes these remarkable researches in terms of microneedles types and drug delivery strategies, with the goal of demonstrating the benefits of exploiting microneedle-based therapy as a novel strategy for treating bone-related disorders. The remaining challenges and future perspectives are also discussed in the hope of inspiring more efficient and intelligent bone treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Provincial 2nd People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Kanghua Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujian Provincial 2nd People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jiping Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Provincial 2nd People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xufeng Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fujian Provincial 2nd People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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15
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Enjo S, Hazama Y, Kimura S, Morimoto Y, Ueda H. Effect of ultrasound treatment of the skin on activation of Langerhans cells and antibody production in rodents. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2023; 14:94-98. [PMID: 37255877 PMCID: PMC10226705 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_647_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether stimulating the skin with ultrasound (US) could activate Langerhans cells (LCs) - antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis and stimulate antibody production following the subcutaneous and intradermal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) in hairless rats and BALB/c mice. Three different US frequencies (20 kHz, 1, and 3 MHz) were used and the expression of langerin was monitored as a marker for the activation of LCs in the epidermal sheet. In hairless rats, the langerin signal peaked at 12 h post-US treatment and returned to control levels at 24 h. Its expression increased with increasing irradiation time, up to 20 min, and 20 kHz US induced the highest langerin expression among the three frequencies tested. These results were reproduced in BALB/c mice. When the skin was pretreated with 20 kHz US at 0.41 W/cm2 for 10 min, the production of OVA-specific immunoglobulin G1 in mice increased by 2.8- and 3.4-fold 28 days after subcutaneous or intradermal OVA injections, respectively. These findings indicate that stimulating the skin with US can trigger skin immune responses, leading to effective antigen-specific antibody production. US-assisted transdermal vaccine delivery delivers antigens to the skin and evokes an immune response, providing an effective noninvasive immunization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Enjo
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Yutaro Hazama
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kimura
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Yasunori Morimoto
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Hideo Ueda
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
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16
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Liu Y, Zhu X, Ji S, Huang Z, Zang Y, Ding Y, Zhang J, Ding Z. Transdermal delivery of colchicine using dissolvable microneedle arrays for the treatment of acute gout in a rat model. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2984-2994. [PMID: 36101018 PMCID: PMC9487926 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2122632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colchicine (Col) is used to prevent and treat acute gout flare; however, its therapeutic use is strictly limited owing to severe gastrointestinal side effects after oral administration. Therefore, we developed a dissolvable Col-loaded microneedle (MN) with hyaluronic acid to deliver Col via the transdermal route. We studied the preparation, mechanical properties, skin insertion, skin irritation, drug content, and transdermal release of the Col-loaded MN. The pharmacokinetics of Col after Col-loaded MN application were compared with those of Col solution gavage over 24 h. Knee joint edema evaluation and the hindfoot mechanical threshold test were conducted to determine the pharmacodynamic profile. The dissolvable Col-loaded MN possessed sufficient mechanical strength to penetrate the skin and release the loaded drug. No skin irritation was observed for 3 days after application. We found that 3.36-fold more Col contained in MNs was delivered through the skin compared with that in gel in vitro, and moderate relative bioavailability in vivo. The Col-loaded MN significantly relieved swollen knee joints and mechanical hypernociception in an acute gout model in rats. The dissolvable Col-loaded MN array reduced inflammation and pain via topical administration when acute gout occurred. Reducing the gastrointestinal side effects of Col-loaded MNs is expected to optimize the therapeutic effects of Col and improve patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoruo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhui Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou, China
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17
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Suzuki T, Seki T, Seki T. Study on a Novel Transdermal Therapeutic System that Combines the Achievement of Supersaturation by pH-shift Method and User–Activated System. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Nair AB, Gorain B, Pandey M, Jacob S, Shinu P, Aldhubiab B, Almuqbil RM, Elsewedy HS, Morsy MA. Tocotrienol in the Treatment of Topical Wounds: Recent Updates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112479. [PMID: 36432670 PMCID: PMC9699634 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing wounds is an important attempt to keep the internal higher organs safe. Complications in topical wound healing may lead to the formation of scars, which can affect the patient's quality of life. Although several approaches are ongoing in parallel in the exploration of natural compounds via advanced delivery, in this article, an attempt has been made to highlight tocotrienol. Tocotrienol is a natural form of vitamin E and has shown its potential in certain pharmacological activities better than tocopherol. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cell signal-mediating effects, angiogenic properties, management of scar, and promotion of wound environment with essential factors have shown potential in the management of topical wound healing. Therefore, this review has aimed to focus on recent advances in topical wound healing through the application of tocotrienols. Challenges in delivering tocotrienols to the topical wound due to its large molecular weight and higher logP have also been explored using nanotechnological-based carriers, which has made tocotrienol a potential tool to facilitate the closure of wounds. Exploration of tocotrienol has also been made in human volunteers for biopsy wounds; however, the results are yet to be reported. Overall, based on the current findings in the literature, it could be inferred that tocotrienol would be a viable alternative to the existing wound dressing components for the management of topical wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.B.N.); (B.G.); Tel.: +966-536219868 (A.B.N.); +91-9088585676 (B.G.)
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
- Correspondence: (A.B.N.); (B.G.); Tel.: +966-536219868 (A.B.N.); +91-9088585676 (B.G.)
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, SSH 17, Jant, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed M. Almuqbil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba S. Elsewedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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19
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Phatale V, Vaiphei KK, Jha S, Patil D, Agrawal M, Alexander A. Overcoming skin barriers through advanced transdermal drug delivery approaches. J Control Release 2022; 351:361-380. [PMID: 36169040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Upon exhaustive research, the transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) has appeared as a potential, well-accepted, and popular approach to a novel drug delivery system. Ease of administration, easy handling, minimum systemic exposure, least discomfort, broad flexibility and tunability, controlled release, prolonged therapeutic effect, and many more perks make it a promising approach for effective drug delivery. Although, the primary challenge associated is poor skin permeability. Skin is an intact barrier that serves as a primary defense mechanism to preclude any foreign particle's entry into the body. Owing to the unique anatomical framework, i.e., compact packing of stratum corneum with tight junction and fast anti-inflammatory responses, etc., emerged as a critical physiological barrier for TDDS. Fusion with other novel approaches like nanocarriers, specially designed transdermal delivery devices, permeation enhancers, etc., can overcome the limitations. Utilizing such strategies, some of the products are under clinical trials, and many are under investigation. This review explores all dimensions that overcome poor permeability and allows the drug to attain maximum potential. The article initially compiles fundamental features, components, and design of TDDS, followed by critical aspects and various methods, including in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo methods of assessing skin permeability. The work primarily aimed to highlight the recent advancement in novel strategies for effective transdermal drug delivery utilizing active methods like iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, microneedle, needleless jet injection, etc., and passive methods such as the use of liposomes, SLN, NLC, micro/nanoemulsions, dendrimers, transferosomes, and many more nanocarriers. In all, this compilation will provide a recent insight on the novel updates along with basic concepts, the current status of clinical development, and challenges for the clinical translation of TDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Phatale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati (NIPER-G), Changsari, Guwahati 781101, India
| | - Klaudi K Vaiphei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati (NIPER-G), Changsari, Guwahati 781101, India
| | - Shikha Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati (NIPER-G), Changsari, Guwahati 781101, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati (NIPER-G), Changsari, Guwahati 781101, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Hyderabad 509301, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati (NIPER-G), Changsari, Guwahati 781101, India.
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20
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Fan CH, Ho YJ, Lin CW, Wu N, Chiang PH, Yeh CK. State-of-the-art of ultrasound-triggered drug delivery from ultrasound-responsive drug carriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:997-1009. [PMID: 35930441 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of new tools to locally and non-invasively transferring therapeutic substances at the desired site in deep living tissue has been a long sought-after goal within the drug delivery field. Among the established methods, ultrasound (US) with US-responsive carriers holds great promise and demonstrates on-demand delivery of a variety of functional substances with spatial precision of several millimeters in deep-seated tissues in animal models and humans. These properties have motivated several explorations of US with US responsive carriers as a modality for neuromodulation and the treatment of various diseases, such as stroke and cancer. AREAS COVERED This article briefly discussed three specific mechanisms that enhance in vivo drug delivery via US with US-responsive carriers: 1) permeabilizing cellular membrane, 2) increasing the permeability of vessels, and 3) promoting cellular endocytotic uptake. Besides, a series of US-responsive drug carriers are discussed, with an emphasis on the relation between structural feature and therapeutic outcome. EXPERT OPINION This article summarized current development for each of US-responsive drug carrier, focusing on the routes of enhancing delivery and applications. The mechanisms of interaction between US-responsive carriers and US energy, such as cavitation, hyperthermia, and reactive oxygen species, as well as how these interactions can improve drug delivery into target cell/tissue. It can be expected that there are serval efforts to further identification of US-responsive particles, design of novel US waveform sequence, and survey of optimal combination between US parameters and US-responsive carriers for better controlling the spatiotemporal drug release profile, stability, and safety in vivo. The authors believe these will provide novel tools for precisely designing treatment strategies and significantly benefit the clinical management of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsiang Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Ho
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hua Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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21
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Gao Y, Du L, Li Q, Li Q, Zhu L, Yang M, Wang X, Zhao B, Ma S. How physical techniques improve the transdermal permeation of therapeutics: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29314. [PMID: 35777055 PMCID: PMC9239599 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transdermal delivery is very important in pharmaceutics. However, the barrier function of the stratum corneum hinders drugs absorption. How to improve transdermal delivery efficiency is a hot topic. The key advantages of physical technologies are their wide application for the delivery of previously nonappropriate transdermal drugs, such as proteins, peptides, and hydrophilic drugs. Based on the improved permeation of drugs delivered via multiple physical techniques, many more diseases may be treated, and transdermal vaccinations become possible. However, their wider application depends on the related convenient and portable devices. Combined products comprising medicine and devices represent future commercial directions of artificial intelligence and 3D printing. METHODS A comprehensive search about transdermal delivery assisted by physical techniques has been carried out on Web of Science, EMBASE database, PubMed, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Cochrane Library. The search identified and retrieved the study describing multiple physical technologies to promote transdermal penetration. RESULTS Physical technologies, including microneedles, lasers, iontophoresis, sonophoresis, electroporation, magnetophoresis, and microwaves, are summarized and compared. The characteristics, mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of physical techniques are clarified. The individual or combined applicable examples of physical techniques to improve transdermal delivery are summarized. CONCLUSION This review will provide more useful guidance for efficient transdermal delivery. More therapeutic agents by transdermal routes become possible with the assistance of various physical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Du
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- School of Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Bonian Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Ma
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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22
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Fadimu GJ, Le TT, Gill H, Farahnaky A, Olatunde OO, Truong T. Enhancing the Biological Activities of Food Protein-Derived Peptides Using Non-Thermal Technologies: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:1823. [PMID: 35804638 PMCID: PMC9265340 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides (BPs) derived from animal and plant proteins are important food functional ingredients with many promising health-promoting properties. In the food industry, enzymatic hydrolysis is the most common technique employed for the liberation of BPs from proteins in which conventional heat treatment is used as pre-treatment to enhance hydrolytic action. In recent years, application of non-thermal food processing technologies such as ultrasound (US), high-pressure processing (HPP), and pulsed electric field (PEF) as pre-treatment methods has gained considerable research attention owing to the enhancement in yield and bioactivity of resulting peptides. This review provides an overview of bioactivities of peptides obtained from animal and plant proteins and an insight into the impact of US, HPP, and PEF as non-thermal treatment prior to enzymolysis on the generation of food-derived BPs and resulting bioactivities. US, HPP, and PEF were reported to improve antioxidant, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic properties of the food-derived BPs. The primary modes of action are due to conformational changes of food proteins caused by US, HPP, and PEF, improving the susceptibility of proteins to protease cleavage and subsequent proteolysis. However, the use of other non-thermal techniques such as cold plasma, radiofrequency electric field, dense phase carbon dioxide, and oscillating magnetic fields has not been examined in the generation of BPs from food proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbemisola J. Fadimu
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; (G.J.F.); (H.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Thao T. Le
- Department of Food and Microbiology, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Harsharn Gill
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; (G.J.F.); (H.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Asgar Farahnaky
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; (G.J.F.); (H.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Oladipupo Odunayo Olatunde
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Tuyen Truong
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; (G.J.F.); (H.G.); (A.F.)
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23
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Kim HS, Lee CM, Yun YH, Kim YS, Yoon SD. Synthesis and drug release properties of melanin added functional allopurinol incorporated starch-based biomaterials. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1477-1485. [PMID: 35469944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to prepare functional allopurinol (ALP) incorporated biomaterials using mungbean starch, polyvinyl alcohol, melanin (MEL), and plasticizers. Prepared biomaterials were characterized by FE-SEM and FT-IR analysis. Photothermal conversion efficiencies and ALP release properties of biomaterials were evaluated with NIR laser irradiation. When biomaterials were irradiated with the NIR laser, temperatures increase of MEL-added biomaterials were higher than those of MEL-non-added biomaterials. After NIR laser irradiation, ALP release rates of MEL-added biomaterials were 1.62 times faster than those of MEL-non-added biomaterials. In addition, ALP release using an artificial skin was increased by NIR laser irradiation. ALP release from biomaterials followed Fickian diffusion mechanism, while ALP release using an artificial skin followed a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory (%) for MEL-added biomaterials with/without the addition of GL and XL were 47.5%, 61.7%, and 65.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Seong Kim
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Jeonnam 59626, South Korea
| | - Chang-Moon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Jeonnam 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Hum Yun
- Department of Energy & Resources Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Sop Kim
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Jeonnam 59626, South Korea.
| | - Soon-Do Yoon
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Jeonnam 59626, South Korea.
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Li N, Qin Y, Dai D, Wang P, Shi M, Gao J, Yang J, Xiao W, Song P, Xu R. Transdermal Delivery of Therapeutic Compounds With Nanotechnological Approaches in Psoriasis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:804415. [PMID: 35141215 PMCID: PMC8819148 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.804415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disorder involving hyperproliferation of the keratinocytes in the epidermis. As complex as its pathophysiology, the optimal treatment for psoriasis remains unsatisfactorily addressed. Though systemic administration of biological agents has made an impressive stride in moderate-to-severe psoriasis, a considerable portion of psoriatic conditions were left unresolved, mainly due to adverse effects from systemic drug administration or insufficient drug delivery across a highly packed stratum corneum via topical therapies. Along with the advances in nanotechnologies, the incorporation of nanomaterials as topical drug carriers opens an obvious prospect for the development of antipsoriatic topicals. Hence, this review aims to distinguish the benefits and weaknesses of individual nanostructures when applied as topical antipsoriatics in preclinical psoriatic models. In view of specific features of each nanostructure, we propose that a proper combination of distinctive nanomaterials according to the physicochemical properties of loaded drugs and clinical features of psoriatic patients is becoming a promising option that potentially drives the translation of nanomaterials from bench to bedside with improved transdermal drug delivery and consequently therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yeping Qin
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Dai
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingfei Shi
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junwei Gao
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsheng Yang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Xiao, ; Ping Song, ; Ruodan Xu,
| | - Ping Song
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Xiao, ; Ping Song, ; Ruodan Xu,
| | - Ruodan Xu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Interdisciplinary of Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Wei Xiao, ; Ping Song, ; Ruodan Xu,
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Park D, Won J, Lee G, Lee Y, Kim CW, Seo J. Sonophoresis with ultrasound-responsive liquid-core nuclei for transdermal drug delivery. Skin Res Technol 2022; 28:291-298. [PMID: 35034386 PMCID: PMC9907662 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonophoresis can increase the delivery efficiency of various drugs into the skin. A recent advance in sonophoresis is the use of ultrasound-responsive liquid-core nuclei (URLN) to increase the probability of cavitation. In this study, we developed a URLN and ultrasound device, and demonstrated its effectiveness through in vitro and clinical tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three types of experiments were designed to evaluate the efficiency of sonophoresis with URLN. First, a Franz diffusion cell with cosmetic ingredients was used to analyze quantitatively the amount of drug delivered to the porcine skin. Second, after the application of sonophoresis with URLN, the porcine skin surface was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to see the changes in morphology. Finally, a clinical test was performed to verify the utility of sonophoresis with URLN. RESULTS The results indicate that sonophoresis with URLN can increase the amount of compound delivered by approximately 11.9-fold over 6 h for niacinamide and by 7.33-fold over 6 h for adenosine. In addition, we observed approximately 20-30 μm sized pores on porcine skin in SEM images. In clinical testing, the application of sonophoresis with cosmetics containing URLN for 3 min improved the efficiency of transdermal drug delivery by 1.9-fold, the depth of absorption by 2.0-fold, and the speed of absorption by 2.0-fold at 30 min after application. CONCLUSION We expect that sonophoresis with specialized URLN in transdermal drug delivery could be used widely for various skin-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Park
- BioInfra Life Science Inc., Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Won
- BioInfra Life Science Inc., Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyounjung Lee
- BiSang Soft, 405, Medical Industry Techno Tower, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongheum Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Woo Kim
- BioInfra Life Science Inc., Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbum Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Singh P, Muhammad I, Nelson NE, Tran KTM, Vinikoor T, Chorsi MT, D’Orio E, Nguyen TD. Transdermal delivery for gene therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2613-2633. [PMID: 35538189 PMCID: PMC9089295 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a critical constituent of treatment approaches for genetic diseases and has gained tremendous attention. Treating and preventing diseases at the genetic level using genetic materials such as DNA or RNAs could be a new avenue in medicine. However, delivering genes is always a challenge as these molecules are sensitive to various enzymes inside the body, often produce systemic toxicity, and suffer from off-targeting problems. In this regard, transdermal delivery has emerged as an appealing approach to enable a high efficiency and low toxicity of genetic medicines. This review systematically summarizes outstanding transdermal gene delivery methods for applications in skin cancer treatment, vaccination, wound healing, and other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parbeen Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - I’jaaz Muhammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Nicole E. Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Khanh T. M. Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Tra Vinikoor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Meysam T. Chorsi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA ,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Ethan D’Orio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA ,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Advanced Manufacturing for Energy Systems, Storrs, USA
| | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA ,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
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Abe Y, Nishizawa M. Electrical aspects of skin as a pathway to engineering skin devices. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:041509. [PMID: 34849444 PMCID: PMC8604566 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is one of the indispensable organs for life. The epidermis at the outermost surface provides a permeability barrier to infectious agents, chemicals, and excessive loss of water, while the dermis and subcutaneous tissue mechanically support the structure of the skin and appendages, including hairs and secretory glands. The integrity of the integumentary system is a key for general health, and many techniques have been developed to measure and control this protective function. In contrast, the effective skin barrier is the major obstacle for transdermal delivery and detection. Changes in the electrical properties of skin, such as impedance and ionic activity, is a practical indicator that reflects the structures and functions of the skin. For example, the impedance that reflects the hydration of the skin is measured for quantitative assessment in skincare, and the current generated across a wound is used for the evaluation and control of wound healing. Furthermore, the electrically charged structure of the skin enables transdermal drug delivery and chemical extraction. This paper provides an overview of the electrical aspects of the skin and summarizes current advances in the development of devices based on these features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuina Abe
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Nishizawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Khare N, Shende P. Microneedle system: a modulated approach for penetration enhancement. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1183-1192. [PMID: 34634991 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1992421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The microneedles show advantages over transdermal drug delivery systems on account of better skin permeation bypassing the stratum corneum. To increase the flux of permeation, penetration enhancement techniques like physical and chemical methods are combined with a trans-epidermal delivery system across the skin causing minimal pain. These techniques include iontophoresis, sonophoresis, and electroporation for physical enhancement of drug delivery via topical route by either disrupting the structure of the stratum corneum or by creating pores/micro-channels within the skin. The use of chemical penetrants such as ethanol, lipids, surfactants, and terpenes improves the release kinetics by mechanisms like fluidization of lipids, denaturation of proteins, etc. A combination of microneedles and these techniques show a significant increase in the permeability of drugs across the skin by 5-10 times compared to microneedles alone. This review article focuses on various advanced strategies like the use of drug-polymer complexes, application of ultrasound frequency or tolerable electric current, formation of nano-formulations, etc. with microneedle delivery for transportation of high payload of actives, macromolecules, antibodies, gene, proteins, and peptides. In the near future, microneedle systems will offer potential targeted drug delivery, self-sealable administration across the skin, and minimally invasive vaccine transportation in cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's, and cardiovascular diseases.HighlightsPhysical penetration enhancement techniques: iontophoresis, electroporation, and sonophoresis.Chemical penetration enhancers: polymers, lipids, surfactants.Strategies to use microneedle system with penetration enhancement techniques.The significant difference in the penetration ability of high payload actives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupma Khare
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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Snehota M, Vachutka J, Dolezal L, Balazova K, Trneckova M, Kolarova H. Far field during sonication experiments in vitro - Is it really far enough? ULTRASONICS 2021; 115:106461. [PMID: 34000664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In many in vitro experiments studying ultrasound bioeffects the sonicated samples are placed to far field with intention of exposing them to as uniform ultrasound field as possible. The main aim of this work is to assess whether the sonicated samples really experience what they are believed to. Also we would like to suggest basic rules for construction of sonication vessels. We used 3.5 MHz and 7 MHz ultrasound transducers for measurements. We measured ultrasound field inside and behind common culture plates and special 3D printed plates placed to last axial maximum in water sonication tank with use of a needle hydrophone. Our results show that even though the sonication vessels with sonicated samples are placed into far field, the sonicated samples are actually exposed to some kind of a near field pattern which develops due to the interaction between ultrasound and well of culture plate. The variability of local acoustic intensity can reach up to several hundreds of percent. Our results are also supported by theoretical calculation and software for simulation of ultrasound fields. Even though the sonicated samples may have actually been exposed to some kind of near field pattern in many past studies, the whole phenomenon of creation of near field pattern can be controlled to some extent for future studies. Thus, we suggest that the sonication vessel should always be designed for particular ultrasound transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Snehota
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Vachutka
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic.
| | - Ladislav Dolezal
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Balazova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Trneckova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic; Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolarova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic
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Zhai H, Zhang C, Ou H, Chen M. Transdermal delivery of heparin using low-frequency sonophoresis in combination with sponge spicules for venous thrombosis treatment. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5612-5625. [PMID: 34254062 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00703c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study reports that the use of low-frequency sonophoresis (LFS) in combination with sponge Haliclona sp. spicules (SHS), referred to as cSoSp (combined Sonophoresis and Spicules), can enhance the transdermal drug delivery in a synergistic manner. The topical application of cSoSp in vitro significantly enhanced the skin absorption of Fluorescent-Dextrans (4000 Da, FD-4K), a model drug of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). The utilization of cSoSp dramatically increased the transdermal flux of FD-4K (188.6 ± 93.7 ng cm-2 h-1) compared to LFS (5.8 ± 3.1 ng cm-2 h-1) and SHS (3.2 ± 1.2 ng cm-2 h-1) among others. The mechanism of action of cSoSp could be attributed to the synergism between plenty of long-lasting nano-channels created by SHS and the disorders of SC lipids made by shock waves of LFS, which improves the homogeneity of the cavitation effects. Furthermore, LMWH (3000 Da) was transdermally delivered by using cSoSp to treat both superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the marginal ear vein of rabbits with a good therapeutic effect. Furthermore, skin irritation and toxicity studies using guinea pigs indicated that cSoSp was nonirritating without any morphological changes in the keratinocytes. cSoSp offers a promising strategy to enhance the transdermal delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules such as heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Zhai
- Department of Marine Biological Science & Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Marine Biological Science & Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Huilong Ou
- Department of Marine Biological Science & Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Marine Biological Science & Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China. and State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China and Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the intensity of sonophoresis at which the skin penetration of celecoxib was enhanced and to study the combined effects of sonophoresis and microemulsion application on the dermal delivery of celecoxib. The sonophoresis intensity that provided the highest skin penetration enhancement of celecoxib was 30 Watts/cm2. However, the combination of sonophoresis and the microemulsion resulted in a decrease in celecoxib skin penetration. The results of a confocal laser scanning microscopy study using the colocalization analysis of multifluorescently labeled particles revealed that the reduction in skin penetration of celecoxib from the combination of sonophoresis and a microemulsion resulted from a decrease in transfollicular penetration, which is the major skin absorption pathway of the microemulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirapit Subongkot
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
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32
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Nadia Ahmad NF, Nik Ghazali NN, Wong YH. Wearable patch delivery system for artificial pancreas health diagnostic-therapeutic application: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 189:113384. [PMID: 34090154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The advanced stimuli-responsive approaches for on-demand drug delivery systems have received tremendous attention as they have great potential to be integrated with sensing and multi-functional electronics on a flexible and stretchable single platform (all-in-one concept) in order to develop skin-integration with close-loop sensation for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic application. The wearable patch pumps have evolved from reservoir-based to matrix patch and drug-in-adhesive (single-layer or multi-layer) type. In this review, we presented the basic requirements of an artificial pancreas, surveyed the design and technologies used in commercial patch pumps available on the market and provided general information about the latest wearable patch pump. We summarized the various advanced delivery strategies with their mechanisms that have been developed to date and representative examples. Mechanical, electrical, light, thermal, acoustic and glucose-responsive approaches on patch form have been successfully utilized in the controllable transdermal drug delivery manner. We highlighted key challenges associated with wearable transdermal delivery systems, their research direction and future development trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Farrahain Nadia Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Nazri Nik Ghazali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yew Hoong Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Puri A, Frempong D, Mishra D, Dogra P. Microneedle-mediated transdermal delivery of naloxone hydrochloride for treatment of opioid overdose. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120739. [PMID: 34048932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Naloxone (NAL) is administered parenterally or intranasally for treating opioid overdose. The short duration of action of NAL calls for frequent re-dosing which may be eliminated by the development of a transdermal system. This study aimed to assess the effect of microneedles on improving the skin permeation of NAL hydrochloride. In vitro permeation of NAL across intact and microneedle-treated (Dr. Pen™ Ultima A6) porcine skin was evaluated. The effect of microneedle length and application duration, and donor concentration on NAL permeation were investigated. In-vitro in-vivo correlation of the permeation results was done to predict the plasma concentration kinetics of NAL in patients. In vitro passive permeation of NAL after 6 h was observed to be 8.25±1.06 µg/cm2. A 56- and 37-fold enhancement was observed with 500 and 250 µm needles applied for 1 min, respectively. Application of 500 µm MNs for 2 min significantly reduced the lag time to ~ 8 min and increasing the donor concentration for the same treatment group doubled the permeation (p < 0.05). Modeling simulations demonstrated the attainment of pharmacokinetic profile of NAL comparable to those obtained with the FDA-approved intramuscular and intranasal devices. Microneedle-mediated transdermal delivery holds potential for rapid and sustained NAL delivery for opioid overdose treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
| | - Dorcas Frempong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Dhruv Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Prashant Dogra
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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Cardoso CO, Tolentino S, Gratieri T, Cunha-Filho M, Lopez RFV, Gelfuso GM. Topical Treatment for Scarring and Non-Scarring Alopecia: An Overview of the Current Evidence. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:485-499. [PMID: 34012282 PMCID: PMC8126704 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s284435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia is a clinical condition related to hair loss that can significantly affect both male and female adults' quality of life. Despite the high market demand, only few drugs are currently approved for alopecia treatment. Topical formulations still bring drawbacks, such as scalp irritation with frequent use, and low drug absorption to the site of action, which limits the efficacy. The most recent research points out that different formulation technology could circumvent the aforementioned flaws. Such technology includes incorporation of drugs in rigid or deformable nanoparticles, strategies involving physical, energetical and mechanical techniques, such as iontophoresis, sonophoresis, microneedling, and the use of solid effervescent granules to be hydrated at the moment of application in the scalp. In this paper, the progress of current research on topical formulations dedicated to the treatment of alopecia is reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila O Cardoso
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília, 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Seila Tolentino
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília, 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília, 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília, 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Renata F V Lopez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Brasília, 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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He J, Zhang Z, Zheng X, Li L, Qi J, Wu W, Lu Y. Design and Evaluation of Dissolving Microneedles for Enhanced Dermal Delivery of Propranolol Hydrochloride. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040579. [PMID: 33921712 PMCID: PMC8072810 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral propranolol hydrochloride has been the first-line treatment for infantile hemangioma (IH), whereas systemic exposure to propranolol has the potential of causing serious adverse reactions. Dermal delivery of propranolol is preferable due to high local drug concentration and fewer adverse effects. However, propranolol hydrochloride (BCS class I) is highly hydrophilic and has difficulty in penetrating the stratum corneum (SC) barrier. Dissolving microneedles (MNs) are an efficient tool for overcoming the barrier of the SC and enhancing dermal drug delivery. In this study, propranolol hydrochloride-loaded dissolving MNs were fabricated by using hyaluronic acid and polyvinyl pyrrolidone as matrix materials. Controllable drug loading in needle tips was achieved by a two-step casting procedure. The needles were good in mechanical strength for penetrating the SC while presented excellent dissolving capability for releasing propranolol hydrochloride. In comparison with the solution counterpart, irrespective of being applied to intact skin or solid MNs-pretreated skin, dissolving MNs significantly increased the permeability and skin retention of propranolol. In conclusion, dissolving MNs could be a potential approach for enhancing dermal delivery of propranolol to treat IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (J.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (J.Q.); (W.W.)
| | - Zichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (J.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (J.Q.); (W.W.)
| | - Xianzi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (J.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (J.Q.); (W.W.)
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (J.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (J.Q.); (W.W.)
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (J.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (J.Q.); (W.W.)
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (J.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (J.Q.); (W.W.)
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; (J.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (J.Q.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Shen MD, Guo LR, Li YW, Gao RT, Sui X, Du Z, Xu LQ, Shi HY, Ni YY, Zhang X, Pang Y, Zhang W, Yu TZ, Li F. Role of the active cycle of breathing technique combined with phonophoresis for the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): study protocol for a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:228. [PMID: 33757568 PMCID: PMC7988997 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by coughing, the production of excess sputum, and dyspnea. Patients with excessively thick sputum may have frequent attacks or develop more serious disease. The guidelines recommend airway clearance for patients with excessive sputum who are hospitalized with COPD. The active cycle of breathing technique is the most common non-pharmacological airway clearance technique used by physiotherapists. However, the effectiveness of the technique is not always guaranteed. Active cycle of breathing techniques require the initial dilution of the sputum, usually by inhalation drugs, which may have limited effects. Recent studies have found that phonophoresis decreases inflammation, suggesting the potential of the combined usage of active cycle of breathing techniques and phonophoresis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness and safety of combining active cycle of breathing technique and phonophoresis in treating COPD patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We propose a single-blind randomized controlled trial using 75 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COPD with excessive sputum production. The patients will be divided into three groups. The intervention group will receive active cycle of breathing techniques combined with phonophoresis. The two comparison groups will be treated with active cycle of breathing techniques and phonophoresis, respectively. The program will be implemented daily for 1 week. The primary outcomes will be changes in sputum viscosity and production, lung function, and pulse oximetry. Secondary outcomes include the assessment of COPD and anxiety, measured by the COPD Assessment Test scale and the Anxiety Inventory for Respiratory Disease, respectively; self-satisfaction; the degree of cooperation; and the length of hospital stay. All outcome measures, with the exception of sputum production and additional secondary outcomes, will be assessed at the commencement of the study and after 1 week's intervention. Analysis of variance will be used to investigate differences between the groups, and a p-value of less than 0.05 (two-tailed) will be considered statistically significant. DISCUSSION This study introduces a combination of active cycle of breathing techniques and phonophoresis to explore the impact of these interventions on patients hospitalized with COPD. If this combined intervention is shown to be effective, it may prove to be a better treatment for patients with COPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered prospectively on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 24 December 2019.ClinicalTrials.gov ChiCTR1900028506 . Registered on December 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Shen
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No 965, Xin Jiang Avenue, Changchun, 130000 Jilin Province China
| | - L. R. Guo
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No 965, Xin Jiang Avenue, Changchun, 130000 Jilin Province China
| | - Y. W. Li
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No 965, Xin Jiang Avenue, Changchun, 130000 Jilin Province China
| | - R. T. Gao
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No 965, Xin Jiang Avenue, Changchun, 130000 Jilin Province China
| | - X. Sui
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No 965, Xin Jiang Avenue, Changchun, 130000 Jilin Province China
| | - Z. Du
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No 965, Xin Jiang Avenue, Changchun, 130000 Jilin Province China
| | - L. Q. Xu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No 965, Xin Jiang Avenue, Changchun, 130000 Jilin Province China
| | - H. Y. Shi
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No 965, Xin Jiang Avenue, Changchun, 130000 Jilin Province China
| | - Y. Y. Ni
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No 965, Xin Jiang Avenue, Changchun, 130000 Jilin Province China
| | - X. Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No 965, Xin Jiang Avenue, Changchun, 130000 Jilin Province China
| | - Y. Pang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No 965, Xin Jiang Avenue, Changchun, 130000 Jilin Province China
| | - W. Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No 965, Xin Jiang Avenue, Changchun, 130000 Jilin Province China
| | - T. Z. Yu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No 965, Xin Jiang Avenue, Changchun, 130000 Jilin Province China
| | - F. Li
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, No 965, Xin Jiang Avenue, Changchun, 130000 Jilin Province China
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Skin barrier modulation by Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. mucilage for transdermal drug delivery. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Uchida N, Yanagi M, Hamada H. Physical Enhancement? Nanocarrier? Current Progress in Transdermal Drug Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:335. [PMID: 33525364 PMCID: PMC7911274 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) is a method that provides drug adsorption via the skin. TDDS could replace conventional oral administration and blood administration because it is easily accessible. However, it is still difficult to design efficient TDDS due to the high barrier property of skin covered with stratum corneum, which inhibits the permeation of drug molecules. Thus far, TDDS methods by applying physical stimuli such as microneedles and chemical stimuli such as surfactants have been actively developed. However, it has been hard to avoid inflammation at the administration site because these methods partially destroy the skin tissue. On the other hand, TDDS with nanocarriers minimizing damage to the skin tissues has emerged together with the development of nanotechnology in recent years. This review focuses on current trends in TDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yanagi
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai Kita, Okayama 700-0005, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Hamada
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai Kita, Okayama 700-0005, Japan;
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Harun MS, Wong TW, Fong CW. Advancing skin delivery of α-tocopherol and γ-tocotrienol for dermatitis treatment via nanotechnology and microwave technology. Int J Pharm 2021; 593:120099. [PMID: 33259902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated combination nanocarrier and microwave system for α-tocopherol and γ-tocotrienol delivery against dermatitis, without skin thinning effect of steroids. The vitamin E was formulated into water-rich/water-poor nanoemulsions, and had their droplet size, zeta potential, morphology, therapeutic content, encapsulation efficiency and release, in vitro skin therapeutics/nanoemulsion penetration, retention and permeation profiles, and in vivo pharmacodynamics characteristics examined, with skin pre-treated by precision microwave when applicable. The nanoemulsions had droplet sizes <150 nm and negative zeta potential values. The skin pre-treatment by microwave (1 mW/3985 MHz) promoted therapeutics accumulation in epidermis through enhancing nanoemulsion penetration into skin. The combination nano- and microwave technologies fluidized skin lipid and protein domains with epidermal microstructures being fluidized to a greater extent than dermis, allowing a relatively high epidermal-to-dermal nanoemulsion distribution. Microwave of lower or higher than 3985 MHz brought about lower skin therapeutics/nanoemulsion accumulation due to insufficient lipid/protein domain fluidization or microwave-skin interaction limiting at skin surfaces only. Using water-rich nanoemulsion with higher therapeutic release and skin pre-treatment with 3985 MHz microwave, dermatitis was alleviated in vivo without skin thinning of standard steroid. The use of combination microwave and nanotechnology promotes vitamin delivery and translates to positive dermatitis treatment outcome that warrants future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Saufi Harun
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, iPROMISE, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tin Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, iPROMISE, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Wai Fong
- Davos Life Science Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19, Synapse, Singapore
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Enhancement strategies for transdermal drug delivery systems: current trends and applications. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:758-791. [PMID: 33474709 PMCID: PMC7817074 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems have become an intriguing research topic in pharmaceutical technology area and one of the most frequently developed pharmaceutical products in global market. The use of these systems can overcome associated drawbacks of other delivery routes, such as oral and parenteral. The authors will review current trends, and future applications of transdermal technologies, with specific focus on providing a comprehensive understanding of transdermal drug delivery systems and enhancement strategies. This article will initially discuss each transdermal enhancement method used in the development of first-generation transdermal products. These methods include drug/vehicle interactions, vesicles and particles, stratum corneum modification, energy-driven methods and stratum corneum bypassing techniques. Through suitable design and implementation of active stratum corneum bypassing methods, notably microneedle technology, transdermal delivery systems have been shown to deliver both low and high molecular weight drugs. Microneedle technology platforms have proven themselves to be more versatile than other transdermal systems with opportunities for intradermal delivery of drugs/biotherapeutics and therapeutic drug monitoring. These have shown that microneedles have been a prospective strategy for improving transdermal delivery systems.
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Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Delivery of Insulin via Skin Route for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Approaches for Breaching the Obstacles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010100. [PMID: 33466845 PMCID: PMC7830404 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by hyperglycemia. Subcutaneous injections are the standard mode of delivery for insulin therapy; however, this procedure is very often invasive, which hinders patient compliance, particularly for individuals requiring insulin doses four times a day. Furthermore, cases have been reported of sudden hypoglycemia occurrences following multidose insulin injections. Such an invasive and intensive approach motivates the quest for alternative, more user-friendly insulin administration approaches. For example, transdermal delivery has numerous advantages, such as prolonged drug release, low variability in the drug plasma level, and improved patient compliance. In this paper, the authors summarize different approaches used in transdermal insulin delivery, including microneedles, chemical permeation enhancers, sonophoresis, patches, electroporation, iontophoresis, vesicular formulations, microemulsions, nanoparticles, and microdermabrasion. Transdermal systems for insulin delivery are still being widely researched. The conclusions presented in this paper are extracted from the literature, notably, that the transdermal route could effectively and reliably deliver insulin into the circulatory system. Consistent progress in this area will ensure that some of the aforementioned transdermal insulin delivery systems will be introduced in clinical practice and commercially available in the near future.
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Richard C, Cassel S, Blanzat M. Vesicular systems for dermal and transdermal drug delivery. RSC Adv 2020; 11:442-451. [PMID: 35423006 PMCID: PMC8691109 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09561c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal/transdermal drug delivery continues to grow in importance as a means of enhancing treatment activity while reducing toxicity by avoiding the systemic absorption of the drug. At the same time, this has led to the adjustment of a wide diversity of drug carriers. This paper begins with a review of the skin, including its structure and the parameters that influence drug diffusion, followed by strategies to improve dermal drug delivery. Of the multitude of existing carriers, we will focus on the most advanced vectors in dermal/transdermal delivery, and in particular, on vesicular systems. This review will present the state of the art as well as the new trends in this domain. Through the description of these systems, we will try to obtain information on the ideal properties that the carrier must have in order to improve the cutaneous and transcutaneous penetration of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Richard
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Stéphanie Cassel
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Muriel Blanzat
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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Tawfik MA, Tadros MI, Mohamed MI, Nageeb El-Helaly S. Low-Frequency versus High-Frequency Ultrasound-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Agomelatine-Loaded Invasomes: Development, Optimization and in-vivo Pharmacokinetic Assessment. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8893-8910. [PMID: 33209023 PMCID: PMC7669507 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s283911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Agomelatine (AGM) is the first melatonergic antidepressant. It suffers from low oral bioavailability (<5%) due to extensive hepatic metabolism. The current work aimed to develop an alternative AGM-loaded invasomes to enhance transdermal drug bioavailability. Methodology AGM-loaded invasomes were developed using two drug: lipid ratios (1:10 or 1:7.5), four terpene types (limonene, cineole, fenchone or citral) and two terpene concentrations (0.75% or 1.5%, w/v). They were characterized for drug entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP) and drug released percentages after 0.5h (Q0.5h) and 8h (Q8h). The optimum invasomes (I1, I2 and I4) were evaluated for morphology, drug-crystallinity, and ex-vivo drug flux. The variables influencing sonophoresis of the best achieved invasomal gel system (I2) were optimized including, ultrasound frequency (low, LFU or high, HFU), mode (pulsed or continuous), application period (10 min or 15 min) and duty cycle (50% or 100%). AGM pharmacokinetics were evaluated in rabbits following transdermal application of I2-LFU-C4 system, relative to AGM oral dispersion. Results The superiority of I2 invasomes [comprising AGM and phosphatidylcholine (1:10) and limonene (1.5% w/v)] was statistically revealed with respect to EE% (78.6%), PS (313 nm), ZP (−64 mV), Q0.5h (30.1%), Q8h (92%), flux (10.79 µg/cm2/h) and enhancement ratio (4.83). The optimum sonophoresis conditions involved application of LFU in the continuous mode for 15 min at a 100% duty cycle (I2-LFU-C4 system). The latter system showed significantly higher Cmax, and relative bioavailability (≈ 7.25 folds) and a similar Tmax (0.5 h). Conclusion I2-LFU-C4 is a promising transdermal system for AGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ahmed Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina Ibrahim Tadros
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdy Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Nageeb El-Helaly
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Akhtar N, Singh V, Yusuf M, Khan RA. Non-invasive drug delivery technology: development and current status of transdermal drug delivery devices, techniques and biomedical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 65:243-272. [PMID: 31926064 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2019-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pay-load deliveries across the skin barrier to the systemic circulation have been one of the most challenging delivery options. Necessitated requirements of the skin and facilitated skin layer cross-over delivery attempts have resulted in development of different non-invasive, non-oral methods, devices and systems which have been standardized, concurrently used and are in continuous upgrade and improvements. Iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, magnetophoresis, dermal patches, nanocarriers, needled and needle-less shots, and injectors are among some of the methods of transdermal delivery. The current review covers the current state of the art, merits and shortcomings of the systems, devices and transdermal delivery patches, including drugs' and other payloads' passage facilitation techniques, permeation and absorption feasibility studies, as well as physicochemical properties affecting the delivery through different transdermal modes along with examples of drugs, vaccines, genes and other payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy,Buraydah Colleges, PO Box 31717, Qassim 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Varsha Singh
- Manav Rachna International University (MRIU) and Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Study (MRIIRS), Faridabad, HR 121 001, India
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- College of Pharmacy, University of Taif, Taif Al-Haweiah, Taif, Saudi Arabia.https://orcid.org/0000-0003- 1417-7774
| | - Riaz A Khan
- Manav Rachna International University (MRIU) and Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Study (MRIIRS), Faridabad, HR 121 001, India.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Xu Q, Li X, Zhang P, Wang Y. Rapidly dissolving microneedle patch for synergistic gene and photothermal therapy of subcutaneous tumor. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4331-4339. [PMID: 32352128 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00105h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic combination of gene therapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely investigated as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. To deliver genes and photothermal agents simultaneously and accurately to a tumor site, a microneedle (MN) patch co-loaded with p53 DNA and IR820 was fabricated by a two-step casting method. Hyaluronic acid was chosen as a matrix and p53 DNA and IR820 were mainly loaded into the tips to enhance utilization and reduce waste. The MN patch could efficiently penetrate the stratum corneum, and dissolve rapidly to release p53 DNA and IR820 in the subcutaneous tumor site. Due to the efficient photothermal efficacy of IR820, the temperature of the tumor site where the MN patch was applied increased by 14.7 °C under near-infrared light irradiation. The MN patch showed excellent antitumor effects in vivo owing to the synergistic effect of gene therapy and PTT. Consequently, the p53 DNA/IR820 MN patch may be a promising synergistic strategy for subcutaneous tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinan Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Ho YJ, Hsu HC, Kang ST, Fan CH, Chang CW, Yeh CK. Ultrasonic Transdermal Delivery System with Acid–Base Neutralization-Generated CO2 Microbubble Cavitation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1968-1975. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tsung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Trust Bio-sonics, Zhubei City 30261, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiang Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Daftardar S, Bahl D, Boddu SHS, Altorok N, Kahaleh B. Ultrasound-mediated topical delivery of econazole nitrate with potential for treating Raynaud's phenomenon. Int J Pharm 2020; 580:119229. [PMID: 32184178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to assess the ultrasound-assisted econazole nitrate (EN) permeation from topically applied formulations with potential for treating Raynaud's phenomenon. Optimization of ultrasound parameters such as the distance of the horn, application time and amplitude were performed. In vitro percutaneous absorption studies were performed using econazole formulations (F2_HPMC dispersion, F4_Lipoderm® Activemax™ Cream) across the ultrasound-treated porcine skin and were compared with the control group (skin samples without ultrasound). Histology and ATR-FTIR studies were performed on treated skin samples. A constant frequency (20 kHz) ultrasound application with 40% amplitude, 0.5 cm distance between ultrasound horn and the skin surface for 2 min was optimized. The permeation of EN was found to be higher from ultrasound-treated skin samples than the control group. Drug permeation from F2_HPMC dispersion was found to be higher as compared to the other formulations and the marketed EN cream. Histological evaluation confirmed that F2_HPMC dispersion showed no signs of toxicity. ATR-FTIR studies revealed a slight increase in the CH2 stretching vibrations (~2920 cm-1 and 2850 cm-1) in ultrasound-treated skin samples as compared with the control. In conclusion, the ultrasound-assisted transdermal delivery of F2_HPMC dispersion could be further studied as a new therapy for Raynaud's phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Daftardar
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo Health Science Campus, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Dherya Bahl
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo Health Science Campus, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo Health Science Campus, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Nezam Altorok
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toledo, Toledo, USA
| | - Bashar Kahaleh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toledo, Toledo, USA
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Low-frequency dual-frequency ultrasound-mediated microbubble cavitation for transdermal minoxidil delivery and hair growth enhancement. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4338. [PMID: 32152413 PMCID: PMC7062896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) has been found to rejuvenate and invigorate the hair follicles, increase the size of hair shafts, and promote new hair growth. Our present study found that dual-frequency US-mediated microbubble (MB) cavitation significantly enhanced minoxidil (Mx) delivery in both in vitro and in vivo models, while increasing the hair growth efficacy compared to single-frequency US sonication. The in vitro experiments showed that cavitation activity was enhanced more significantly during dual-frequency sonication than single-frequency sonication in higher concentration of MBs. The pigskin penetration depth in the group in which dual-frequency US was combined with MBs was 1.54 and 2.86 times greater than for single-frequency US combined with MBs and in the control group, respectively; the corresponding increases in the release rate of Mx at 18 hours in in vitro Franz-diffusion-cell experiments were 24.9% and 43.7%. During 21 days of treatment in C57BL/6J mice experiments, the growth rate at day 11 in the group in which dual-frequency US was combined with MBs increased by 2.07 times compared to single-frequency US combined with MBs. These results indicate that dual-frequency US-mediated MB cavitation can significantly increase both skin permeability and transdermal drug delivery. At the same US power density, hair growth was greater in the group with dual-frequency US plus MBs than in the group with single-frequency US plus MBs, without damaging the skin in mice.
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Pielenhofer J, Sohl J, Windbergs M, Langguth P, Radsak MP. Current Progress in Particle-Based Systems for Transdermal Vaccine Delivery. Front Immunol 2020; 11:266. [PMID: 32174915 PMCID: PMC7055421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) via needle-free and non-invasive drug delivery systems is a promising approach for overcoming the current limitations of conventional parenteral vaccination methods. The targeted access to professional antigen-presenting cell (APC) populations within the skin, such as Langerhans cells (LCs), various dermal dendritic cells (dDCs), macrophages, and others makes the skin an ideal vaccination site to specifically shape immune responses as required. The stratum corneum (SC) of the skin is the main penetration barrier that needs to be overcome by the vaccine components in a coordinated way to achieve optimal access to dermal APC populations that induce priming of T-cell or B-cell responses for protective immunity. While there are numerous approaches to penetrating the SC, such as electroporation, sono- or iontophoresis, barrier and ablative methods, jet and powder injectors, and microneedle-mediated transport, we will focus this review on the recent progress made in particle-based systems for TCI. This particular approach delivers vaccine antigens together with adjuvants to perifollicular APCs by diffusion and deposition in hair follicles. Different delivery systems including nanoparticles and lipid-based systems, for example, solid nano-emulsions, and their impact on immune cells and generation of a memory effect are discussed. Moreover, challenges for TCI are addressed, including timely and targeted delivery of antigens and adjuvants to APCs within the skin as well as a deeper understanding of the ill-defined mechanisms leading to the induction of effective memory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Pielenhofer
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian Sohl
- Third Department of Medicine - Hematology, Oncology, Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maike Windbergs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Langguth
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus P Radsak
- Third Department of Medicine - Hematology, Oncology, Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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