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Berteau JP. Predicting altered bone biomechanics in juvenile mice: insights from microgravity simulation, loading interventions, and Raman Spectroscopy. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:20. [PMID: 38745255 PMCID: PMC11092207 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microgravity, a condition experienced in a spatial environment, poses unique challenges to the skeletal system, particularly in juvenile organisms. This study aimed to investigate alterations in bone biomechanics of juvenile mice due to unloading - that simulates microgravity in the laboratory-and the effects of a bone-loading intervention. We compared bone compositional and mechanical properties between 21-six-week-old C57Bl/6 from a control group (wild type) and a group that underwent a tail-suspension unloading protocol to mimic microgravity (MG). The second group (MG) experienced additional in vivo loading protocol (MG + LDG) on the right hind leg, where dynamic compressive loading was applied to the right knee using a custom-built loading device. RESULTS Our results show that after two weeks, we successfully induced bone alterations by (i) decreasing the energy dissipated before fracture and (ii) decreasing the yield and maximum stress. In addition, we showed that Mineral to matrix component [ν1PO4/Amide I], Carbonate to Amide [CO3/Amide I], and Crystallinity [1/FWHM(ν1PO4)] are strongly linked in physiological bone but not in microgravity even after loading intervention. While Crystallinity is very sensitive to bone deformation (strain) alterations coming from simulated microgravity, we show that Carbonate to Amide [CO3/Amide I] - a common marker of turnover rate/remodeling activity-is a specific predictor of bone deformation for bone after simulated microgravity. Our results also invalidate the current parameters of the loading intervention to prevent bone alterations entirely in juvenile mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study successfully induced bone alterations in juvenile mice by using an unloading protocol to simulate microgravity, and we provided a new Raman Spectroscopy (RS) dataset of juvenile mice that contributes to the prediction of cortical bone mechanical properties, where the degree of interrelationship for RS data for physiological bone is improved compared to the most recent evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Berteau
- Department of Physical Therapy, City University of New York - College of Staten Island, New-York, USA.
- New York Center for Biomedical Engineering, City University of New York - City College of New York, New-York, USA.
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New-York, USA.
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Kovács K, Váncsa S, Agócs G, Harnos A, Hegyi P, Weninger V, Baross K, Kovács B, Soós G, Kocsis G. Anisotropy, Anatomical Region, and Additional Variables Influence Young's Modulus of Bone: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10835. [PMID: 38130752 PMCID: PMC10731124 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of finite element analysis (FEA) is growing in orthopedic research, especially in implant design. However, Young's modulus (E) values, one of the most fundamental parameters, can range across a wide scale. Therefore, our study aimed to identify factors influencing E values in human bone specimens. We report our systematic review and meta-analysis based on the recommendation of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guideline. We conducted the analysis on November 21, 2021. We included studies investigating healthy human bone specimens and reported on E values regarding demographic data, specimen characteristics, and measurement specifics. In addition, we included study types reporting individual specimen measurements. From the acquired data, we created a cohort in which we performed an exploratory data analysis that included the explanatory variables selected by random forest and regression trees methods, and the comparison of groups using independent samples Welch's t test. A total of 756 entries were included from 48 articles. Eleven different bones of the human body were included in these articles. The range of E values is between 0.008 and 33.7 GPa. The E values were most heavily influenced by the cortical or cancellous type of bone tested. Measuring method (compression, tension, bending, and nanoindentation), the anatomical region within a bone, the position of the bone within the skeleton, and the bone specimen size had a decreasing impact on the E values. Bone anisotropy, specimen condition, patient age, and sex were selected as important variables considering the value of E. On the basis of our results, E values of a bone change with bone characteristics, measurement techniques, and demographic variables. Therefore, the evaluation of FEA should be performed after the standardization of in vitro measurement protocol. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Kovács
- Department of OrthopaedicsSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Centre for Translational MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Szilárd Váncsa
- Centre for Translational MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical SchoolUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
- Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular CenterSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Gergely Agócs
- Centre for Translational MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Andrea Harnos
- Centre for Translational MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Veterinary MedicineBudapestHungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Centre for Translational MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical SchoolUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
- Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular CenterSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Viktor Weninger
- Department of OrthopaedicsSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Centre for Translational MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Katinka Baross
- Centre for Translational MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Bence Kovács
- Centre for Translational MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Gergely Soós
- Centre for Translational MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - György Kocsis
- Department of OrthopaedicsSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Centre for Translational MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
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Pei B, Lu D, Wu X, Xu Y, Ma C, Wu S. Kinematic and biomechanical responses of the spine to distraction surgery in children with early onset scoliosis: A 3-D finite element analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:933341. [PMID: 35910017 PMCID: PMC9336159 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.933341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodical and consecutive distraction is an effective treatment for severe early onset scoliosis (EOS), which enables the spinal coronal and sagittal plane deformity correction. However, the rate of rod fractures and postoperative complications was still high mainly related to the distraction process. Previous studies have primarily investigated the maximum safe distraction force without a rod broken, neglecting the spinal re-imbalance and distraction energy consumption, which is equally vital to evaluate the operative value. This study aimed to reveal the kinematic and biomechanical responses occurring after spinal distraction surgery, which were affected by traditional bilateral fixation. The spinal models (C6-S1) before four distractions were reconstructed based on CT images and the growing rods were applied with the upward displacement load of 0–25 mm at an interval of 5 mm. Relationships between the distraction distance, the distraction force and the thoracic and lumbar Cobb angle were revealed, and the spinal displacement and rotation in three-dimensional directions were measured. The spinal overall imbalance would also happen during the distraction process even under the safe force, which was characterized by unexpected cervical lordosis and lateral displacement. Additionally, the law of diminishing return has been confirmed by comparing the distraction energy consumption in different distraction distances, which suggests that more attention paid to the spinal kinematic and biomechanical changes is better than to the distraction force. Notably, the selection of fixed segments significantly impacts the distraction force at the same distraction distance. Accordingly, some results could provide a better understanding of spinal distraction surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Pei
- Beijing key laboratory for design and evaluation technology of advanced implantable and interventional medical devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Da Lu
- Beijing key laboratory for design and evaluation technology of advanced implantable and interventional medical devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Beijing key laboratory for design and evaluation technology of advanced implantable and interventional medical devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqing Wu, ; Shuqin Wu,
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Beijing key laboratory for design and evaluation technology of advanced implantable and interventional medical devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghao Ma
- Beijing key laboratory for design and evaluation technology of advanced implantable and interventional medical devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqin Wu
- School of Big Data and Information, Shanxi College of Technology, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqing Wu, ; Shuqin Wu,
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Pei B, Lu D, Wu X, Xu Y, Ma C, Wu S. Effects of Growing Rod Technique with Different Surgical Modes and Growth Phases on the Treatment Outcome of Early Onset Scoliosis: A 3-D Finite Element Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042057. [PMID: 35206246 PMCID: PMC8872610 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early onset scoliosis (EOS) is emerging as a serious threat to children’s health and is the third largest threat to their health after myopia and obesity. At present, the growing rod technique (GRT), which allows patients to regain a well-balanced sagittal profile, is commonly considered as an invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of EOS. However, the risk of postoperative complications and instrumentation breakage remains high, which is mainly related to the choice of fixed mode. Several authors have studied primary stability and instrumentation loads, neglecting the mechanical transmission of the spinal long-segment model in different growth phases, which is fundamental to building a complete biomechanical environment. The present study aimed to investigate the kinematic and biomechanical properties that occur after GRT, across the long spinal structure and the posterior instrumentation, which are affected by unilateral or bilateral fixation. Accordingly, spinal segments (C6-S1) were loaded under flexion (Flex), extension (Ext), left lateral bending (LB), right lateral bending (RB), left torsion (LT), and right torsion (RT) using 11 established spinal models, which were from three growth phases. The stress distribution, spinal and intervertebral range of motion (ROM), counter torque of the vertebra, and bracing force on the rods were measured. The results showed that bilateral posterior fixation (BPF) is more stable than unilateral posterior fixation (UPF), at the expense of more compensations for the superior adjacent segment (SAS), especially when the superior fixed segment is closer to the head. Additionally, the bracing force of the instrumentation on the spine increases as the Cobb angle decreases. Accordingly, this biomechanical analysis provides theoretical suggestions for the selection of BPF or UPF and fixed segments in different growing phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Pei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Design and Evaluation Technology of Advanced Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.P.); (D.L.); (Y.X.); (C.M.)
| | - Da Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Design and Evaluation Technology of Advanced Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.P.); (D.L.); (Y.X.); (C.M.)
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Design and Evaluation Technology of Advanced Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.P.); (D.L.); (Y.X.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Design and Evaluation Technology of Advanced Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.P.); (D.L.); (Y.X.); (C.M.)
| | - Chenghao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Design and Evaluation Technology of Advanced Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.P.); (D.L.); (Y.X.); (C.M.)
| | - Shuqin Wu
- School of Big Data and Information, Shanxi College of Technology, Shuozhou 036000, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (S.W.)
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Baron C, Follet H, Pithioux M, Payan C, Lasaygues P. Assessing the Elasticity of Child Cortical Bone. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1364:297-318. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91979-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Szabo E, Rimnac C. Biomechanics of immature human cortical bone: A systematic review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104889. [PMID: 34736022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The whole bone geometry, microstructure, and mechanical properties of mature human bone are widely reported; however, immature bone (0-18 years) has not been similarly robustly characterized. There is an interest in analyzing and predicting the mechanical loading conditions associated with long bone diaphyseal fractures attributed to trauma in children. Thus, understanding the mechanical properties of immature bone in a temporal reference frame is an essential first step to understand diaphyseal fractures of pediatric long bones. The purpose of this systematic review was to ask, what is the state of knowledge regarding the 1) evolution of whole bone geometry and microstructure of immature pediatric bone as a function of maturation and 2) cortical bone density and experimental quasi-static mechanical properties at the tissue level in the diaphyseal region of immature pediatric long bones? The systematic search yielded 36 studies of the whole bone geometry, microstructure, and mechanical properties of immature pediatric long bones. The elastic modulus, yield stress, and ultimate stress were shown to generally increase with maturation, whereas the yield strain was approximately invariant; however, the specific year-to-year progression of these properties could not be characterized from the limited studies available. The results of this systematic search indicate there is a dearth of knowledge associated with the biomechanics of cortical bone from immature pediatric long bones; it also provides a basis for computational studies of immature human long bones. Additional biomechanical studies of immature human bone are necessary to develop a robust catalogue, which can be used in broad applications to understand fracture mechanics, bone pathologies, and athletic injury in the pediatric setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Szabo
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Clare Rimnac
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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7
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Swider P, Delanoë F, Jalbert F, Boetto S, Assemat P, Estivalèzes E, Lauwers F. Mechanical properties of fused sagittal sutures in scaphocephaly. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 86:105369. [PMID: 34000627 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craniosynostosis in newborns is caused by the premature closure of the cranial sutures leading to cranial vault deformity. It results in aesthetic imbalance and developmental disabilities and surgery is frequent during the first months of growth. Our study focused on scaphocephaly defined as the premature closure of the sagittal suture. We hypothesised that the effective mechanical properties of sutures were altered as compared to those of the parietal adjacent tissue considered as control. METHODS The population consisted of seven males and four females (mean age 4.9 months). Sixteen suture samples and thirty-four parietal tissue samples were harvested during corrective surgery and investigated by using three-point bending tests to obtain the structure-stiffness of specimens. An energy model was used to derive the effective Young's modulus. A histological study complemented the experimental protocol. FINDINGS Fused sutures were thicker than adjacent bone and the natural curvature of sutures did not influence the static mechanical response. The stiffness of stenotic sutures was significantly higher than that of the parietal bone. The effective Young's modulus of stenotic sutures was significantly lower than that of the parietal adjacent tissue. The parietal tissue showed a parallel bone architecture whereas the central stenotic tissue was disorganised with more vascularisation. INTERPRETATION The stenotic suture differed in structural and mechanical terms from the adjacent bone during calvarial growth in the first year of life. Our study emphasised the alteration of effective tissue properties in craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Swider
- IMFT UMR 5502, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France.
| | - F Delanoë
- Maxillo-facial Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - F Jalbert
- Maxillo-facial Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - S Boetto
- Neuro-surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - P Assemat
- IMFT UMR 5502, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - E Estivalèzes
- IMFT UMR 5502, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - F Lauwers
- Maxillo-facial Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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Ludwa IA, Mongeon K, Sanderson M, Gracia Marco L, Klentrou P. Testing the Functional Model of Bone Development: Direct and Mediating Role of Muscle Strength on Bone Properties in Growing Youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063154. [PMID: 33803781 PMCID: PMC8003175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the functional model of bone development in peri-pubertal boys and girls. Specifically, we implemented a mixed-longitudinal design and hierarchical structural models to provide experimental evidence in support of the conceptual functional model of bone development, postulating that the primary mechanical stimulus of bone strength development is muscle force. To this end, we measured radial and tibial bone properties (speed of sound, SOS), isometric grip and knee extensors strength, bone resorption (urinary NTX concentration), body mass index (BMI), somatic maturity (years from peak height velocity) and skeletal maturity (bone age) in 180 children aged 8–16 years. Measurements were repeated 2–4 times over a period of 3 years. The multilevel structural equation modeling of 406 participant-session observations revealed similar results for radial and tibial SOS. Muscle strength (i.e., grip strength for the radial and knee extension for tibial model) and NTX have a significant direct effect on bone SOS (β = 0.29 and −0.18, respectively). Somatic maturity had a direct impact on muscle strength (β = 0.24) and both a direct and indirect effect on bone SOS (total effect, β = 0.30). Physical activity and BMI also had a significant direct impact on bone properties, (β = 0.06 and −0.18, respectively), and an additional significant indirect effect through muscle strength (β = 0.01 and 0.05, respectively) with small differences per bone site and sex. Muscle strength fully mediated the impact of bone age (β = 0.14) while there was no significant effect of energy intake on either muscle strength or bone SOS. In conclusion, our results support the functional model of bone development in that muscle strength and bone metabolism directly affect bone development while the contribution of maturity, physical activity, and other modulators such as BMI, on bone development is additionally modulated through their effect on muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella A. Ludwa
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
| | - Kevin Mongeon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Malcolm Sanderson
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
| | - Luis Gracia Marco
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-905-688-5550 (ext. 4538)
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9
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Bones of teleost fish demonstrate high fracture strain. J Biomech 2021; 120:110341. [PMID: 33743397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The endoskeleton of teleosts (bony fish) includes a vertebral spine with articulating rib bones (RBs) similar to humans and further encompasses mineralized tissues that are not found in mammals, including intermuscular bones (IBs). RBs form through endochondral ossification and protect the inner organs, and IBs form through intramembranous ossification within the myosepta and play a role in force transmission and propulsion during locomotion. Based on previous findings suggesting that IBs show a much higher ability for fracture strain compared to mammalian bones, this study aims to investigate whether this ability is general to teleost bones or specific to IBs. We analyzed RBs and IBs of 25 North Atlantic Herring fish. RBs were analyzed using micro-mechanical tensile testing and micro-computed tomography, and both RB and IB were additionally analyzed with Raman spectroscopy. Based on our previous results from IB, we found that RBs are more elastically deformable (on average, 50% higher yield strain and 115% higher elastic work) and stronger (55% higher fracture stress) than values reported for IBs. However, these differences were neither associated with a higher Young's modulus nor a higher degree of mineralization in RBs. Astonishingly, RBs and IBs showed similar fracture strains (12-15% on average, reaching up to 20%), reflecting a much higher ability for tensile deformation than reported for mammalian bone, and further highlighting the biomimetic potential of teleost fish bones for inspiring innovative biomaterials.
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Castro APG, Altai Z, Offiah AC, Shelmerdine SC, Arthurs OJ, Li X, Lacroix D. Finite element modelling of the developing infant femur using paired CT and MRI scans. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218268. [PMID: 31211799 PMCID: PMC6581244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone finite element (FE) studies based on infant post-mortem computed tomography (CT) examinations are being developed to provide quantitative information to assist the differentiation between accidental and inflicted injury, and unsuspected underlying disease. As the growing skeleton contains non-ossified cartilaginous regions at the epiphyses, which are not well characterised on CT examinations, it is difficult to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of the developing whole bone. This study made use of paired paediatric post mortem femoral CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations at two different stages of development (4 and 7 months) to provide anatomical and constitutive information for both hard and soft tissues. The work aimed to evaluate the effect of epiphyseal ossification on the propensity to shaft fractures in infants. The outcomes suggest that the failure load of the femoral diaphysis in the models incorporating the non-ossified epiphysis is within the range of bone-only FE models. There may however be an effect on the metaphysis. Confirmation of these findings is required in a larger cohort of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. G. Castro
- INSIGNEO Institute, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Z. Altai
- INSIGNEO Institute, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - A. C. Offiah
- Dept. of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - S. C. Shelmerdine
- Dept. of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - O. J. Arthurs
- Dept. of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - X. Li
- INSIGNEO Institute, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - D. Lacroix
- INSIGNEO Institute, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Yue Y, Yang H, Li Y, Zhong H, Tang Q, Wang J, Wang R, He H, Chen W, Chen D. Combining ultrasonic and computed tomography scanning to characterize mechanical properties of cancellous bone in necrotic human femoral heads. Med Eng Phys 2019; 66:12-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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A Review of Pediatric Lower Extremity Data for Pedestrian Numerical Modeling: Injury Epidemiology, Anatomy, Anthropometry, Structural, and Mechanical Properties. Appl Bionics Biomech 2018; 2018:6271898. [PMID: 30254693 PMCID: PMC6142772 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6271898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pedestrian injuries are the fourth leading cause of unintentional injury-related death among children aged 1 to 19. The lower extremity represents the most frequently injured body region in car-to-pedestrian accidents. The goal of this study was to perform a systematic review of the data related to pedestrian lower extremity injuries, anatomy, anthropometry, structural, and mechanical properties, which can be used in the development of new pediatric computational models. The study began with a review of epidemiologic data related to pediatric pedestrian accidents. Anatomy of the child lower extremity and age-related anthropometry data were presented as well. Then, both the mechanical and structural properties of the lower extremity main components (e.g., bones, cartilages, knee ligaments, muscles, tendons, and growth plates) available in literature were summarized. The study concluded with a brief description of current child pedestrian models, which included a discussion about their limitations. We believe that data included in this review study can help in improving the biofidelity of current child models and support the development and validation of new child models used by safety researchers for protection of pediatric population.
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Chekroun A, Pujo-Menjouet L, Berteau JP. A Novel Multiscale Mathematical Model for Building Bone Substitute Materials for Children. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1045. [PMID: 29925773 PMCID: PMC6025631 DOI: 10.3390/ma11061045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bone is an engineering marvel that achieves a unique combination of stiffness and toughness exceeding that of synthesized materials. In orthopedics, we are currently challenged for the child population that needs a less stiff but a tougher bone substitute than adults. Recent evidence suggests that the relationship between inter-molecular connections that involve the two main bone building blocks, TropoCollagen molecules (TC) and carbonated Hydroxyapatite (cAp), and bone macroscopic mechanical properties, stiffness and toughness, are key to building bone substitute materials for children. The goal of our study is to establish how inter-molecular connections that occur during bone mineralization are related to macroscopic mechanical properties in child bones. Our aim is to link the biological alterations of the TC-cAp self assembly process happening during bone mineralization to the bone macroscopic mechanical properties' alterations during aging. To do so, we have developed a multiscale mathematical model that includes collagen cross links (TC⁻TC interface) from experimental studies of bone samples to forecast bone macroscopic mechanical properties. Our results support that the Young's modulus cannot be a linear parameter if we want to solve our system. In relation to bone substitute material with innovative properties for children, our results propose values of several biological parameters, such as the number of crystals and their size, and collagen crosslink maturity for the desired bone mechanical competence. Our novel mathematical model combines mineralization and macroscopic mechanical behavior of bone and is a step forward in building mechanically customized biomimetic bone grafts that would fit children's orthopedic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdennasser Chekroun
- Laboratoire d'Analyse Non Linéaire et Mathématiques Appliquées, University of Tlemcen, Chetouane 13000, Algeria.
| | - Laurent Pujo-Menjouet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5208, Institut Camille Jordan, F-69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; Inria Team Dracula, Inria Grenoble Rhône-Alpes Center, 69100 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Berteau
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, New York, NY 10314, USA.
- New York Center for Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advance Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.
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Depalle B, Duarte AG, Fiedler IAK, Pujo-Menjouet L, Buehler MJ, Berteau JP. The different distribution of enzymatic collagen cross-links found in adult and children bone result in different mechanical behavior of collagen. Bone 2018; 110:107-114. [PMID: 29414596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic collagen cross-linking has been shown to play an important role in the macroscopic elastic and plastic deformation of bone across ages. However, its direct contribution to collagen fibril deformation is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine how covalent intermolecular connections from enzymatic collagen cross-links contribute to collagen fibril elastic and plastic deformation of adults and children's bone matrix. We used ex vivo data previously obtained from biochemical analysis of children and adults bone samples (n = 14; n = 8, respectively) to create 22 sample-specific computational models of cross-linked collagen fibrils. By simulating a tensile test for each fibril, we computed the modulus of elasticity (E), ultimate tensile and yield stress (σu and σy), and elastic, plastic and total work (We, Wp and Wtot) for each collagen fibril. We present a novel difference between children and adult bone in the deformation of the collagen phase and suggest a link between collagen fibril scale and macroscale for elastic behavior in children bone under the influence of immature enzymatic cross-links. We show a parametric linear correlation between We and immature enzymatic collagen cross-links at the collagen fibril scale in the children population that is similar to the one we found at the macroscale in our previous study. Finally, we suggest the key role of covalent intermolecular connections to stiffness parameters (e.g. elastic modulus and We) in children's collagen fibril and to toughness parameters in adult's collagen fibril, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Depalle
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, UK; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Andre G Duarte
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, USA
| | | | | | - Markus J Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Berteau
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, USA; New York Center for Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, USA.
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Berteau JP, Oyen M, Shefelbine SJ. Permeability and shear modulus of articular cartilage in growing mice. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2015; 15:205-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-015-0671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Microstructure and compressive mechanical properties of cortical bone in children with osteogenesis imperfecta treated with bisphosphonates compared with healthy children. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 46:261-70. [PMID: 25828157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by a change in bone tissue quality, but little data are available to describe the factors involved at the macroscopic scale. To better understand the effect of microstructure alterations on the mechanical properties at the sample scale, we studied the structural and mechanical properties of six cortical bone samples from children with OI treated with bisphosphonates and compared them to the properties of three controls. Scanning electron microscopy, high resolution computed tomography and compression testing were used to assess these properties. More resorption cavities and a higher osteocyte lacunar density were observed in OI bone compared with controls. Moreover, a higher porosity was measured for OI bones along with lower macroscopic Young's modulus, yield stress and ultimate stress. The microstructure was impaired in OI bones; the higher porosity and osteocyte lacunar density negatively impacted the mechanical properties and made the bone more prone to fracture.
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Albert C, Jameson J, Smith P, Harris G. Reduced diaphyseal strength associated with high intracortical vascular porosity within long bones of children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Bone 2014; 66:121-30. [PMID: 24928496 PMCID: PMC4467578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder resulting in bone fragility. The mechanisms behind this fragility are not well understood. In addition to characteristic bone mass deficiencies, research suggests that bone material properties are compromised in individuals with this disorder. However, little data exists regarding bone properties beyond the microstructural scale in individuals with this disorder. Specimens were obtained from long bone diaphyses of nine children with osteogenesis imperfecta during routine osteotomy procedures. Small rectangular beams, oriented longitudinally and transversely to the diaphyseal axis, were machined from these specimens and elastic modulus, yield strength, and maximum strength were measured in three-point bending. Intracortical vascular porosity, bone volume fraction, osteocyte lacuna density, and volumetric tissue mineral density were determined by synchrotron micro-computed tomography, and relationships among these mechanical properties and structural parameters were explored. Modulus and strength were on average 64-68% lower in the transverse vs. longitudinal beams (P<0.001, linear mixed model). Vascular porosity ranged between 3 and 42% of total bone volume. Longitudinal properties were associated negatively with porosity (P≤0.006, linear regressions). Mechanical properties, however, were not associated with osteocyte lacuna density or volumetric tissue mineral density (P≥0.167). Bone properties and structural parameters were not associated significantly with donor age (P≥0.225, linear mixed models). This study presents novel data regarding bone material strength in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Results confirm that these properties are anisotropic. Elevated vascular porosity was observed in most specimens, and this parameter was associated with reduced bone material strength. These results offer insight toward understanding bone fragility and the role of intracortical porosity on the strength of bone tissue in children with osteogenesis imperfecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Albert
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Engineering Center (OREC), Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - John Jameson
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Engineering Center (OREC), Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Peter Smith
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Gerald Harris
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Engineering Center (OREC), Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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