Vena Cavoscopy in the Assessment of Intraluminal Vena Caval Tumor Involvement

Surgical Tips for Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

The aim of this review is to describe the preoperative evaluation, surgical techniques, and postoperative management of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing radical nephrectomy (RN) and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomy.

RECENT FINDINGS

RN and IVC thrombectomy remains the standard management option in non-metastatic RCC patients with IVC thrombus. A comprehensive preoperative workup, including high-quality imaging, blood works, and appropriate consultations are required for all patients. The aim of the surgery is complete resection of all tumor burden, which requires a skillful surgical team for such a challenging procedure and is inherently associated with a high rate of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Preoperative CT or MRI is essential for surgical planning. The surgical approach is mainly determined by the level of the tumor thrombus. The open approach has been the standard, though minimally invasive and robotic techniques are emerging in selected cases by experienced surgeons.