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Immunogenic Subviral Particles Displaying Domain III of Dengue 2 Envelope Protein Vectored by Measles Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 3:503-18. [PMID: 26350592 PMCID: PMC4586464 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines3030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against dengue virus (DV) are commercially nonexistent. A subunit vaccination strategy may be of value, especially if a safe viral vector acts as biologically active adjuvant. In this paper, we focus on an immunoglobulin-like, independently folded domain III (DIII) from DV 2 envelope protein (E), which contains epitopes that elicits highly specific neutralizing antibodies. We modified the hepatitis B small surface antigen (HBsAg, S) in order to display DV 2 DIII on a virus-like particle (VLP), thus generating the hybrid antigen DIII-S. Two varieties of measles virus (MV) vectors were developed to express DIII-S. The first expresses the hybrid antigen from an additional transcription unit (ATU) and the second additionally expresses HBsAg from a separate ATU. We found that this second MV vectoring the hybrid VLPs displaying DIII-S on an unmodified HBsAg scaffold were immunogenic in MV-susceptible mice (HuCD46Ge-IFNarko), eliciting robust neutralizing responses (averages) against MV (1:1280 NT90), hepatitis B virus (787 mIU/mL), and DV2 (1:160 NT50) in all of the tested animals. Conversely, the MV vector expressing only DIII-S induced immunity against MV alone. In summary, DV2 neutralizing responses can be generated by displaying E DIII on a scaffold of HBsAg-based VLPs, vectored by MV.
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Moreau M, Le Tortorec A, Deleage C, Brown C, Denis H, Satie AP, Bourry O, Deureuddre-Bosquet N, Roques P, Le Grand R, Dejucq-Rainsford N. Impact of short-term HAART initiated during the chronic stage or shortly post-exposure on SIV infection of male genital organs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37348. [PMID: 22615988 PMCID: PMC3355136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The male genital tract is suspected to constitute a viral sanctuary as persistent HIV shedding is found in the semen of a subset of HIV-infected men receiving effective antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The origin of this persistent shedding is currently unknown. Phylogenetic studies indicated that HIV in semen from untreated men arises from local sources and/or passive diffusion from the blood. We previously demonstrated in human and macaque low levels and localized infection of several semen-producing organs by HIV/SIV. Using a macaque model, this study investigates the impact of short term HAART (2–4 weeks) initiated either during the asymptomatic chronic stage or 4 h post-intravenous inoculation of SIVmac251 on the infection of male genital organs. Methodology/Principal Findings Short term HAART during the chronic stage decreased blood viral load. No major impact of HAART was observed on SIV DNA levels in male genital organs using a sensitive nested PCR assay. Using in situ hybridization, SIV RNA+ cells were detected in all male genital tract organs from untreated and treated animals with undetectable blood viral load following HAART. Infected CD68+ myeloid cells and CD3+ T lymphocytes were detected pre- and post-HAART. In contrast, short term HAART initiated 4 h post-SIV exposure led to a drastic decrease of the male genital tissues infection, although it failed to prevent systemic infection. In both cases, HAART tended to decrease the number of CD3+ T cells in the male organs. Conclusions Our results indicate that the established infection of male genital organs is not greatly impacted by short term HAART, whereas the same treatment during pre-acute phase of the infection efficiently impairs viral dissemination to the male genital tract. Further investigations are now needed to determine whether infection of male genital organs is responsible for long term persistent HIV shedding in semen despite HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Moreau
- INSERM U1085-IRSET, Université de Rennes 1, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 140, Rennes, France.
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Bourry O, Mannioui A, Sellier P, Roucairol C, Durand-Gasselin L, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Benech H, Roques P, Le Grand R. Effect of a short-term HAART on SIV load in macaque tissues is dependent on time of initiation and antiviral diffusion. Retrovirology 2010; 7:78. [PMID: 20868521 PMCID: PMC2955669 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV reservoirs are rapidly established after infection, and the effect of HAART initiated very early during acute infection on HIV reservoirs remains poorly documented, particularly in tissue known to actively replicate the virus. In this context, we used the model of experimental infection of macaques with pathogenic SIV to assess in different tissues: (i) the effect of a short term HAART initiated at different stages during acute infection on viral dissemination and replication, and (ii) the local concentration of antiviral drugs. RESULTS Here, we show that early treatment with AZT/3TC/IDV initiated either within 4 hours after intravenous infection of macaques with SIVmac251 (as a post exposure prophylaxis) or before viremia peak (7 days post-infection [pi]), had a strong impact on SIV production and dissemination in all tissues but did not prevent infection. When treatment was initiated after the viremia peak (14 days pi) or during early chronic infection (150 days pi), significant viral replication persists in the peripheral lymph nodes and the spleen of treated macaques despite a strong effect of treatment on viremia and gut associated lymphoid tissues. In these animals, the level of virus persistence in tissues was inversely correlated with local concentrations of 3TC: high concentrations of 3TC were measured in the gut whereas low concentrations were observed in the secondary lymphoid tissues. IDV, like 3TC, showed much higher concentration in the colon than in the spleen. AZT concentration was below the quantification threshold in all tissues studied. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that limited antiviral drug diffusion in secondary lymphoid tissues may allow persistent viral replication in these tissues and could represent an obstacle to HIV prevention and eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bourry
- CEA, Division of Immuno-Virology, DSV/iMETI, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Sellier P, Mannioui A, Bourry O, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Delache B, Brochard P, Calvo J, Prévot S, Roques P. Antiretroviral treatment start-time during primary SIV(mac) infection in macaques exerts a different impact on early viral replication and dissemination. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10570. [PMID: 20485497 PMCID: PMC2868019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The time of infection is rarely known in human cases; thus, the effects of delaying the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the peripheral viral load and the establishment of viral reservoirs are poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings Six groups of macaques, infected intravenously with SIVmac251, were given placebo or antiretroviral therapy to explore reservoir establishment; macaques were treated for 2 weeks, with treatment starting 4 hours, 7 or 14 days after infection. Viral replication and dissemination were measured in the gut (rectum), in the lung and in blood and lymphoid tissues (peripheral lymph nodes), by quantifying viral RNA, DNA and 2LTR circles. We used immunohistochemistry (CD4 and CD68) to assess the impact of these treatments on the relative amount of virus target cells in tissue. Treatment that was started 4 hours post-infection (pi) decreased viral replication and dissemination in blood and tissue samples, which were assessed on day 14 (RNA/DNA/2LTR circles). The virus remained detectable and lymphoid tissues were activated in LN and the gut in both placebo- and ART-treated animals. Viral RNA in plasma continued to be lower in macaques treated seven days after infection; however, this was not the case for viral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. There was a small but significant difference in RNA and DNA levels in tissues between placebo- and ART-treated animals on day 21. When started 14 days after infection, treatment resulted in a limited decrease in the plasma viral load. Conclusions Treatment that was started 4 hours after infection significantly reduced viral replication and dissemination. When started 7 days after infection, it was of slight virological benefit in peripheral blood and in tissues, and treatment was even less effective if started 14 days pi. These data favor starting ART no longer than one week after intravenous SIVmac251 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Sellier
- Division of ImmunoVirology (SIV), Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (IMETI), CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- UMR E1, University Paris Sud XI, Orsay, France
- Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Abdelkrim Mannioui
- Division of ImmunoVirology (SIV), Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (IMETI), CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- UMR E1, University Paris Sud XI, Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Bourry
- Division of ImmunoVirology (SIV), Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (IMETI), CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- UMR E1, University Paris Sud XI, Orsay, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Division of ImmunoVirology (SIV), Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (IMETI), CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- UMR E1, University Paris Sud XI, Orsay, France
| | - Benoit Delache
- Division of ImmunoVirology (SIV), Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (IMETI), CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- UMR E1, University Paris Sud XI, Orsay, France
| | - Patricia Brochard
- Division of ImmunoVirology (SIV), Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (IMETI), CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- UMR E1, University Paris Sud XI, Orsay, France
| | - Julien Calvo
- Division of ImmunoVirology (SIV), Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (IMETI), CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- UMR E1, University Paris Sud XI, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Prévot
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clamart, France
| | - Pierre Roques
- Division of ImmunoVirology (SIV), Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (IMETI), CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- UMR E1, University Paris Sud XI, Orsay, France
- * E-mail:
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Mannioui A, Bourry O, Sellier P, Delache B, Brochard P, Andrieu T, Vaslin B, Karlsson I, Roques P, Le Grand R. Dynamics of viral replication in blood and lymphoid tissues during SIVmac251 infection of macaques. Retrovirology 2009; 6:106. [PMID: 19930655 PMCID: PMC2789052 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extensive studies of primary infection are crucial to our understanding of the course of HIV disease. In SIV-infected macaques, a model closely mimicking HIV pathogenesis, we used a combination of three markers -- viral RNA, 2LTR circles and viral DNA -- to evaluate viral replication and dissemination simultaneously in blood, secondary lymphoid tissues, and the gut during primary and chronic infections. Subsequent viral compartmentalization in the main target cells of the virus in peripheral blood during the chronic phase of infection was evaluated by cell sorting and viral quantification with the three markers studied. Results The evolutions of viral RNA, 2LTR circles and DNA levels were correlated in a given tissue during primary and early chronic infection. The decrease in plasma viral load principally reflects a large decrease in viral replication in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), with viral RNA and DNA levels remaining stable in the spleen and peripheral lymph nodes. Later, during chronic infection, a progressive depletion of central memory CD4+ T cells from the peripheral blood was observed, accompanied by high levels of viral replication in the cells of this subtype. The virus was also found to replicate at this point in the infection in naive CD4+ T cells. Viral RNA was frequently detected in monocytes, but no SIV replication appeared to occur in these cells, as no viral DNA or 2LTR circles were detected. Conclusion We demonstrated the persistence of viral replication and dissemination, mostly in secondary lymphoid tissues, during primary and early chronic infection. During chronic infection, the central memory CD4+ T cells were the major site of viral replication in peripheral blood, but viral replication also occurred in naive CD4+ T cells. The role of monocytes seemed to be limited to carrying the virus as a cargo because there was an observed lack of replication in these cells. These data may have important implications for the targeting of HIV treatment to these diverse compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkrim Mannioui
- CEA, Division of Immuno-Virology, DSV/iMETI, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Construction of HCV-polytope vaccine candidates harbouring immune-enhancer sequences and primary evaluation of their immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. Virus Genes 2009; 40:44-52. [PMID: 19882243 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-009-0417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An efficient vaccine against hepatitis-C virus (HCV) infection requires vigorous and focused CD8(+) T-cell responses against viral antigens. Due to immunosuppressive effect of HCV antigens, polytope vaccines comprising the minimal CD8(+)CTL epitopes are of peculiar concern. Herein, to provide information for construction of efficient HCV polytope vaccine candidates, one H-2D(d) (E2(405-414):E(2)) and two HLA-A*0201 (E1(363-372):E(1) and Core(35-44):C)-restricted CD8(+) T-cell epitopes of HCV were selected. By employing number of in silico analyses, the E(2)E(1)C linear format was predicted as optimum epitope consecution and after amplification by SOEing-PCR, the corresponding DNA sequence was cloned in pcDNA3.1+ vector. To further evaluate the role of immune-enhancer elements, a universal T-helper epitope (PADRE), endoplasmic reticulum signal sequence (ERss) and hepatitis-B surface-antigen (HBsAg) gene were fused separately or in combination to the E(2)E(1)C minigene. In vitro analyses of polytopes by different DNA/protein-based assays demonstrated proper transcription/expression of constructs in transfected cells. Measurement of the HBsAg-mediated particle secretion by ELISA indicated lack of secretion in the related polytopes. Results of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) as a preliminary in vivo analysis, and confirmatory ELISPOT assays showed the proper processing and presentation of H-2D(d)-restricted-E(2) epitope and approved the enhancing effect of PADRE and ERss sequences but not HBsAg for the immune responses against E(2) in immunized BALB/c mice. Our results pointed to the value of in silico predictions and application of immune-enhancer elements as well as DTH analysis for design and primary in vivo evaluation of HCV polytopes, prior to costly transgenic studies on immunogenicity of HLA-A*0201 epitopes.
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Prevention of vaginal simian immunodeficiency virus transmission in macaques by postexposure prophylaxis with zidovudine, lamivudine and indinavir. AIDS 2009; 23:447-54. [PMID: 19240457 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328321302d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of postexposure prophylaxis with a combination of zidovudine (ZDV), lamivudine (3TC) and indinavir (IDV), after vaginal exposure to HIV. DESIGN : Experimental intravaginal exposure of female cynomolgus macaques to SIVmac251. METHODS ZDV/3TC/IDV treatment was initiated 4 h after exposure and continued for 28 days. Groups of six animals received a placebo or a combination of oral ZDV (4.5 mg/kg), 3TC (2.5 mg/kg) and IDV (20 mg/kg) twice daily or subcutaneous ZDV (4.5 mg/kg) and 3TC (2.5 mg/kg) twice daily, and a higher dose of IDV (60 mg/kg) administered orally twice daily. RESULTS In the placebo group, all animals were infected. Antiretroviral association protected one of the six animals if all drugs were administered orally and four of the six animals if ZDV and 3TC were administered subcutaneously and IDV was given orally at triple dose. In infected animals, viremia was significantly delayed and lowered in treated animals than in animals given placebo, and high CD4 cell counts were maintained in the treated animals, at least in the medium term. Antiretroviral dosages made in macaques receiving the same treatments showed that protection efficacy could be linked to antiretroviral plasmatic concentration. CONCLUSION This study shows, for the first time in macaques, that the postexposure prophylaxis recommended for humans may be effective after vaginal exposure. Improvements in pharmacokinetic parameters significantly increased treatment efficiency.
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Le Tortorec A, Le Grand R, Denis H, Satie AP, Mannioui K, Roques P, Maillard A, Daniels S, Jégou B, Dejucq-Rainsford N. Infection of semen-producing organs by SIV during the acute and chronic stages of the disease. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1792. [PMID: 18347738 PMCID: PMC2268241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although indirect evidence suggests the male genital tract as a possible source of persistent HIV shedding in semen during antiretroviral therapy, this phenomenon is poorly understood due to the difficulty of sampling semen-producing organs in HIV+ asymptomatic individuals. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using a range of molecular and cell biological techniques, this study investigates SIV infection within reproductive organs of macaques during the acute and chronic stages of the disease. We demonstrate for the first time the presence of SIV in the testes, epididymides, prostate and seminal vesicles as early as 14 days post-inoculation. This infection persists throughout the chronic stage and positively correlates with blood viremia. The prostate and seminal vesicles appear to be the most efficiently infected reproductive organs, followed by the epididymides and testes. Within the male genital tract, mostly T lymphocytes and a small number of germ cells harbour SIV antigens and RNA. In contrast to the other organs studied, the testis does not display an immune response to the infection. Testosteronemia is transiently increased during the early phase of the infection but spermatogenesis remains unaffected. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The present study reveals that SIV infection of the macaque male genital tract is an early event and that semen-producing organs display differential infection levels and immune responses. These results help elucidate the origin of HIV in semen and constitute an essential base to improving the design of antiretroviral therapies to eradicate virus from semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Le Tortorec
- INSERM U625, Rennes, University of Rennes I, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction chez l'Homme et les Mammifères, IFR 140, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA, Service d'immuno-virologie, DSV/iMETI, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Hélène Denis
- INSERM U625, Rennes, University of Rennes I, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction chez l'Homme et les Mammifères, IFR 140, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Pascale Satie
- INSERM U625, Rennes, University of Rennes I, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction chez l'Homme et les Mammifères, IFR 140, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Karim Mannioui
- CEA, Service d'immuno-virologie, DSV/iMETI, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pierre Roques
- CEA, Service d'immuno-virologie, DSV/iMETI, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne Maillard
- Unité de Rétrovirologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvanne Daniels
- INSERM U625, Rennes, University of Rennes I, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction chez l'Homme et les Mammifères, IFR 140, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Jégou
- INSERM U625, Rennes, University of Rennes I, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction chez l'Homme et les Mammifères, IFR 140, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Dejucq-Rainsford
- INSERM U625, Rennes, University of Rennes I, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction chez l'Homme et les Mammifères, IFR 140, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Haigh O, Guo H, Edgtton K, Mather M, Herd KA, Tindle RW. Multiple copies of a tumor epitope in a recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine enhance CTL responses, but not tumor protection. Virology 2007; 368:363-75. [PMID: 17689584 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose the replacement of endogenous epitopes with foreign epitopes to exploit the highly immunogenic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as a vaccine vector to elicit disease-protective cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Locations were defined within the HBsAg gene where replacements of DNA encoding HBsAg epitopes may be made to generate functional recombinant (r) HBsAg DNA vaccines. We demonstrate that rHBsAg DNA vaccines encoding multiple copies of a model tumor epitope from human papillomavirus (HPV) elicit enhanced CTL responses compared to rHBsAg DNA vaccines encoding a single copy. We show that rHBsAg DNA vaccines elicit a marked prophylactic and long-lived therapeutic protection against epitope expressing tumor, although protective efficacy was not improved by increasing the number of copies of the tumor epitope DNA. These results demonstrate the efficacy of HBsAg as a vector for the delivery of foreign CTL epitopes using the epitope replacement strategy, and have implications for rHBsAg vaccine design. The results also have implications for the derivation of a therapeutic vaccine for HPV-associated squamous carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/prevention & control
- Cell Line
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Gene Dosage
- Genetic Vectors
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics
- Humans
- Immunization
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/immunology
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/immunology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Haigh
- Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
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10
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Maggiorella MT, Sernicola L, Crostarosa F, Belli R, Pavone-Cossut MR, Macchia I, Farcomeni S, Tenner-Racz K, Racz P, Ensoli B, Titti F. Multiprotein genetic vaccine in the SIV-Macaca animal model: a promising approach to generate sterilizing immunity to HIV infection. J Med Primatol 2007; 36:180-94. [PMID: 17669207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2007.00236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine combining structural and regulatory proteins is an emerging approach to develop an HIV/AIDS vaccine and therefore, the immunogenicity and efficacy of two regimens of immunization combining structural (Gag/Pol, Env) and regulatory (Rev, Tat, Nef) Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) proteins were compared in cynomolgus monkeys. METHODS Monkeys were immunized with Modified Vaccine Ankara vector (MVA-J5) (protocol 1) or with DNA, Semliki forest virus and MVA vectors (DNA/SFV/MVA) (protocol 2). At week 32, all monkeys were challenge intravenously (protocol 1) or intrarectally (protocol 2) with 50 MID(50) of SIVmac251. Humoral, proliferative responses and in particular in protocol 2, the frequency of IFN-gamma producing cells, were measured in all monkeys before and after the challenge. RESULTS Both vaccine regimens elicited humoral and proliferative responses but failed to induce neutralizing antibodies. Upon intravenous challenge, two out of three MVA-J5 vaccinated monkeys exhibited a long-term control of the viral replication whereas DNA/SFV/MVA vaccine abrogated the virus replication up to undetectable level in three out of four vaccinated monkeys. A major contribution to this vaccine effect appeared to be the IFN-gamma/ELISPOT responses to vaccine antigens (Gag, Rev Tat and Nef). CONCLUSIONS These results, indicate that multiprotein heterologous prime-boost vaccination can induce a robust vaccine-induced immunity able to abrogate virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Maggiorella
- Division of Experimental Retrovirology and Non-Human Primate Models, National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Fuller DH, Shipley T, Allen TM, Fuller JT, Wu MS, Horton H, Wilson N, Widera G, Watkins DI. Immunogenicity of hybrid DNA vaccines expressing hepatitis B core particles carrying human and simian immunodeficiency virus epitopes in mice and rhesus macaques. Virology 2007; 364:245-55. [PMID: 17428516 PMCID: PMC6286304 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An effective HIV vaccine will likely need to induce broad and potent CTL responses. Epitope-based vaccines offer significant potential for inducing multi-specific CTL, but often require conjugation to T helper epitopes or carrier moieties to induce significant responses. We tested hybrid DNA vaccines encoding one or more HIV or SIV CTL epitopes fused to a hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) carrier gene as a means to improve the immunogenicity of epitope-based DNA vaccines. Immunization of mice with a HBcAg-HIV epitope DNA vaccine induced CD8(+) T cell responses that significantly exceeded levels induced with DNA encoding either the whole HIV antigen or the epitope alone. In rhesus macaques, a multi-epitope hybrid HBcAg-SIV DNA vaccine induced CTL responses to 13 different epitopes, including 3 epitopes that were previously not detected in SIV-infected macaques. These data demonstrate that immunization with hybrid HBcAg-epitope DNA vaccines is an effective strategy to increase the magnitude and breadth of HIV-specific CTL responses.
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Marsac D, Puaux AL, Rivière Y, Michel ML. In vivo induction of cellular and humoral immune responses by hybrid DNA vectors encoding simian/human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B surface antigen virus particles in BALB/c and HLA-A2-transgenic mice. Immunobiology 2005; 210:305-19. [PMID: 16164038 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2005.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To improve the immunogenicity of epitopes derived from Gag proteins of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and from the envelope (Env) protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we have designed hybrid DNA vaccines by inserting sequences encoding antigenic domains of SIV and HIV-1 into the hepatitis B virus envelope gene. This gene encodes the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) capable of spontaneous assembly into virus-like particles that were used here as carrier. Injections of hybrid vectors encoding B-cell epitopes from the gp41 and the gp120 envelope proteins of HIV-1 induced specific humoral responses in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, high frequencies of IFN-gamma-secreting CD8+ T cells specific for various antigenic determinants of SIV-Gag were observed after intramuscular injections of hybrid DNA vectors in BALB/c mice. Genetic immunization of HLA-A2.1-transgenic mice with HIV-Env/HBsAg-encoding DNA generated a strong CTL response and IFN-gamma-secreting CD8+ T lymphocytes specific for HIV-1 envelope-derived peptide. H-2d-restricted HBs-specific T-cell responses dominated over SIV-Gag responses in BALB/c mice whereas HLA-A2-restricted HIV-Env response was enhanced after fusion with HBsAg. These data demonstrate that different B and T-cell epitopes of vaccine-relevant viral antigens can be expressed in vivo as fusion proteins with HBsAg but that the optimal immunogenicity may differ strikingly between individual epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Marsac
- INSERM U 370 Carcinogenèse Hépatique et Virologie Moléculaire, Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, France
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Puaux AL, Delache B, Marconi S, Huerre M, Le Grand R, Rivière Y, Michel ML. Loss of reactivity of vaccine-induced CD4 T cells in immunized monkeys after SIV/HIV challenge. AIDS 2005; 19:757-65. [PMID: 15867489 DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000168969.72928.00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunization protocols involving priming with DNA and boosting with recombinant live virus vectors such as recombinant modified Vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) are considered as vaccine candidates against HIV. Such protocols improve the outcome of simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) pathogenic challenge in Rhesus monkeys. OBJECTIVES To investigate the fate of vaccine-induced T cells after a mucosal SHIV challenge. METHODS We immunized Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by DNA priming followed by rMVA boost. After intrarectal challenge with SHIV 89.6P, immunized animals demonstrated early control of viral replication and stable CD4 T-cell counts. We monitored T-cell responses by measuring IFN-gamma secretion and proliferation. RESULTS Immunization induced strong and sustained SHIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses. CD8 T-cell responses were recalled during acute infection, whereas none of the vaccine-induced SHIV-specific CD4 T-cell responses were recalled. Moreover, most of the CD4 T-cell responses became undetectable in peripheral blood or lymph nodes even after in-vitro peptide stimulation. In contrast, we persistently detected CD4 T-cell responses specific for control recall antigens in infected animals. CONCLUSION SHIV 89.6P challenge results in a lack of reactivity of vaccine-induced SHIV-specific CD4 T cells. These results may have important implications in the AIDS vaccine field, especially for the evaluation of new vaccine candidates, both in preventive and therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Puaux
- INSERM U 370 Carcinogenèse Hépatique et Virologie Moléculaire, Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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