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Samieipour Y, Wiegand M, Willner EM, Hoffmann D, Shameli K, Protzer U, Moeini H. Replication-deficient Sendai virus expressing human norovirus capsid protein elicits robust NoV-specific antibody and T-cell responses in mice. Microbes Infect 2024:105412. [PMID: 39236991 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major global cause of acute gastroenteritis, with vaccine development facing several challenges. Despite years of research, there are currently no licensed vaccines available for controlling HuNoVs. Here, we describe the construction and testing of a replication-deficient Sendai virus (SeV) vector as a potential vaccine candidate against the HuNoV GII.4 genotype. SeV was chosen as the vaccine backbone due to its non-pathogenic nature in humans, its capability for long-term antigen expression in mammalian cells, and its suitability for mucosal administration. By inserting the HuNoV GII.4 capsid gene, VP1, into the SeV genome, we generated a replication-deficient SeV (SeV/dP.VP1) vector. The resultant SeV/dP.VP1 virus were observed to successfully express the inserted NoV VP1 gene upon infection. Inoculating the vaccine into wild-type mice elicited NoV-specific IgG antibodies, along with INF-γ and IL-2-producing T cells, through both intranasal (i.n.) and intramuscular (i.m.) immunization. Furthermore, a significant level of NoV-specific IgA was detected in lung homogenates after i.n. immunization, particularly using a high dose of the viral vector. Additionally, a synergistic effect was observed with heterologous prime-boost regimens using SeV/dP.VP1 and MVA.VP1 vectors, indicating the potential for more robust immune responses when the vaccine design is optimized. Our study demonstrates the potential of a SeV vaccine candidate in eliciting a broad immune response and lays the foundation for further exploration of the SeV vector platform's potential as a HuNoV vaccine. Additionally, the results emphasize the importance of vaccine dosage and administration route, highlighting the need for tailored immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazdan Samieipour
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marian Wiegand
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elena M Willner
- Department of Biosciences, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Dieter Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kamyar Shameli
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hassan Moeini
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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2
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Jiang Y, Sun L, Qiao N, Wang X, Zhu C, Xing M, Liu H, Zhou P, Zhou D. A quadrivalent norovirus vaccine based on a chimpanzee adenovirus vector induces potent immunity in mice. Virol Sin 2024; 39:675-684. [PMID: 38997087 PMCID: PMC11401472 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) infection is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. The virus poses great challenges in developing vaccines with broad immune protection due to its genetic and antigenic diversity. To date, there are no approved NoV vaccines for clinical use. Here, we aimed to develop a broad-acting quadrivalent NoV vaccine based on a chimpanzee adenovirus vector, AdC68, carrying the major capsid protein (VP1) of noroviral GI and GII genotypes. Compared to intramuscular (i.m.), intranasal (i.n.), or other prime-boost immunization regimens (i.m. + i.m., i.m. + i.n., i.n. + i.m.), AdC68-GI.1-GII.3 (E1)-GII.4-GII.17 (E3), administered via i.n. + i.n. induced higher titers of serum IgG antibodies and higher IgA antibodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and saliva against the four homologous VP1s in mice. It also significantly stimulated the production of blocking antibodies against the four genotypes. In response to re-stimulation with virus-like particles (VLP)-GI.1, VLP-GII.3, VLP-GII.4, and VLP-GII.17, the quadrivalent vaccine administered according to the i.n. + i.n. regimen effectively triggered specific cell-mediated immune responses, primarily characterized by IFN-γ secretion. Furthermore, the preparation of this novel quadrivalent NoV vaccine requires only a single recombinant adenovirus to provide broad preventive immunity against the major GI/GII epidemic strains, making it a promising vaccine candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lingjin Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Nan Qiao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Man Xing
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Hui Liu
- R&D Centre, Chengdu Kanghua Biological Products Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610000, China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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3
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Omatola CA, Mshelbwala PP, Okolo MLO, Onoja AB, Abraham JO, Adaji DM, Samson SO, Okeme TO, Aminu RF, Akor ME, Ayeni G, Muhammed D, Akoh PQ, Ibrahim DS, Edegbo E, Yusuf L, Ocean HO, Akpala SN, Musa OA, Adamu AM. Noroviruses: Evolutionary Dynamics, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Advances-A Comprehensive Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:590. [PMID: 38932319 PMCID: PMC11209302 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses constitute a significant aetiology of sporadic and epidemic gastroenteritis in human hosts worldwide, especially among young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. The low infectious dose of the virus, protracted shedding in faeces, and the ability to persist in the environment promote viral transmission in different socioeconomic settings. Considering the substantial disease burden across healthcare and community settings and the difficulty in controlling the disease, we review aspects related to current knowledge about norovirus biology, mechanisms driving the evolutionary trends, epidemiology and molecular diversity, pathogenic mechanism, and immunity to viral infection. Additionally, we discuss the reservoir hosts, intra-inter host dynamics, and potential eco-evolutionary significance. Finally, we review norovirus vaccines in the development pipeline and further discuss the various host and pathogen factors that may complicate vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Arome Omatola
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | | | | | - Anyebe Bernard Onoja
- Department of Virology, University College Hospital, Ibadan 211101, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Oyiguh Abraham
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | - David Moses Adaji
- Department of Biotechnology Science and Engineering, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Sunday Ocholi Samson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 29, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Therisa Ojomideju Okeme
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja 260101, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Ruth Foluke Aminu
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | - Monday Eneojo Akor
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | - Gideon Ayeni
- Department of Biochemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Danjuma Muhammed
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Universiti Putra, Seri Kembangan 43300, Malaysia
| | - Phoebe Queen Akoh
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | | | - Emmanuel Edegbo
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | - Lamidi Yusuf
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | | | - Sumaila Ndah Akpala
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja 260101, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Oiza Aishat Musa
- Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba 272102, Kogi State, Nigeria; (C.A.O.)
| | - Andrew Musa Adamu
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
- College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Biosecurity, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
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4
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Hou W, Lv L, Wang Y, Xing M, Guo Y, Xie D, Wei X, Zhang X, Liu H, Ren J, Zhou D. 6-Valent Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Induced Potent and Sustained Immunity Against Noroviruses in Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906275. [PMID: 35711416 PMCID: PMC9197435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, and no vaccine is currently available. The genetic and antigenic diversity of Norovirus presents challenges for providing broad immune protection, which calls for a multivalent vaccine application. In this study, we investigated the possibility of developing a virus-like particle (VLP)-based 6-valent Norovirus vaccine candidate (Hexa-VLPs) that covers GI.1, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, and GII.17 genotypes. Hexa-VLPs (30 µg) adjuvanted with 500 µg of aluminum hydroxide (alum) were selected as the optimal immunization dose after a dose-escalation study. Potent and long-lasting blockade antibody responses were induced by 2-or 3-shot Hexa-VLPs, especially for the emerging GII.P16-GII.2 and GII.17 (Kawasaki 2014) genotypes. Hexa-VLPs plus alum elicited Th1/Th2 mixed yet Th2-skewed immune responses, characterized by an IgG1-biased subclass profile and significant IL-4+ T-cell activation. Notably, simultaneous immunization with a mixture of six VLPs revealed no immunological interference among the component antigens. These results demonstrate that Hexa-VLPs are promising broad-spectrum vaccines to provide immunoprotection against major GI/GII epidemic strains in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihui Lv
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Man Xing
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Xie
- R&D Centre, Chengdu Kanghua Biological Products Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wei
- R&D Centre, Chengdu Kanghua Biological Products Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- R&D Centre, Chengdu Kanghua Biological Products Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Dongming Zhou, ; Jiling Ren, ; Hui Liu,
| | - Jiling Ren
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Dongming Zhou, ; Jiling Ren, ; Hui Liu,
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Dongming Zhou, ; Jiling Ren, ; Hui Liu,
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5
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Abstract
Human noroviruses are the most common viral cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or specific therapeutics to treat the disease. Some obstacles delaying the development of a norovirus vaccine are: (i) the extreme diversity presented by noroviruses; (ii) our incomplete understanding of immunity to noroviruses; and (iii) the lack of a robust cell culture system or animal model for human noroviruses. Recent advances in in vitro cultivation of norovirus, novel approaches applied to viral genomics and immunity, and completion of vaccine trials and birth cohort studies have provided new information toward a better understanding of norovirus immunity. Here, we will discuss the complex relationship between norovirus diversity and correlates of protection for human noroviruses, and how this information could be used to guide the development of cross-protective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Ford-Siltz
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Kentaro Tohma
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Gabriel I. Parra
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States,CONTACT Gabriel I. Parra Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Building 52/72, Room 1308, Silver Spring, MD20993, United States
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6
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Zhang M, Fu M, Hu Q. Advances in Human Norovirus Vaccine Research. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:732. [PMID: 34358148 PMCID: PMC8310286 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide, which is highly stable and contagious, with a few virus particles being sufficient to establish infection. Although the World Health Organization in 2016 stated that it should be an absolute priority to develop a HuNoV vaccine, unfortunately, there is currently no licensed HuNoV vaccine available. The major barrier to the development of an effective HuNoV vaccine is the lack of a robust and reproducible in vitro cultivation system. To develop a HuNoV vaccine, HuNoV immunogen alone or in combination with other viral immunogens have been designed to assess whether they can simultaneously induce protective immune responses against different viruses. Additionally, monovalent and multivalent vaccines from different HuNoV genotypes, including GI and GII HuNoV virus-like particles (VLPs), have been assessed in order to induce broad protection. Although there are several HuNoV vaccine candidates based on VLPs that are being tested in clinical trials, the challenges to develop effective HuNoV vaccines remain largely unresolved. In this review, we summarize the advances of the HuNoV cultivation system and HuNoV vaccine research and discuss current challenges and future perspectives in HuNoV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China;
| | - Ming Fu
- The Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China;
- The Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
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7
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Abstract
Enteric viral and bacterial infections continue to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in young children in low-income and middle-income countries, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Vaccines are considered an effective and practical preventive approach against the predominantly fecal-to-oral transmitted gastroenteritis particularly in the resource-limited countries or regions where implementation of sanitation systems and supply of safe drinking water are not quickly achievable. While vaccines are available for a few enteric pathogens including rotavirus and cholera, there are no vaccines licensed for many other enteric viral and bacterial pathogens. Challenges in enteric vaccine development include immunological heterogeneity among pathogen strains or isolates, a lack of animal challenge models to evaluate vaccine candidacy, undefined host immune correlates to protection, and a low protective efficacy among young children in endemic regions. In this article, we briefly updated the progress and challenges in vaccines and vaccine development for the leading enteric viral and bacterial pathogens including rotavirus, human calicivirus, Shigella, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), cholera, nontyphoidal Salmonella, and Campylobacter, and introduced a novel epitope- and structure-based vaccinology platform known as MEFA (multiepitope fusion antigen) and the application of MEFA for developing broadly protective multivalent vaccines against heterogenous pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesuk Seo
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Pathobiology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Qiangde Duan
- University of Yangzhou, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Pathobiology, Urbana, Illinois, USA,CONTACT Weiping Zhang, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Pathobiology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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8
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Esposito S, Principi N. Norovirus Vaccine: Priorities for Future Research and Development. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1383. [PMID: 32733458 PMCID: PMC7358258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Soon after its identification, norovirus (NoV) has been indicated as one of the most common causes of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and sporadic acute diarrhea episodes in subjects of any age. In 2016 the World Health Organization stated that the development of a NoV vaccine should be considered an absolute priority. Unfortunately, the development of an effective NoV vaccine has proven extremely difficult, and only in recent years, some preparations have been tested in humans in advanced clinical trials. In this paper, reasons that justify efforts to develop a NoV vaccine, difficulties encountered during NoV vaccine development, and NoV vaccine candidates will be discussed. In recent years, identification of some NoV antigens that alone or in combination with other viral antigens can induce a potentially protective immune response has led to the development of a large series of preparations that seem capable of coping with the problems related to NoV infection. Epidemiological and immunological studies have shown that multivalent vaccines, including both GI and GII NoV, are the only solution to induce sufficiently broad protection. However, even if the road to formulation of an effective and safe NoV vaccine seems to be definitively traced, many problems still need to be solved before the total burden of NoV infections can be adequately controlled. Whether currently available vaccines are able to protect against all the heterologous NoV strains and the variants of the most common serotypes that frequently emerge and cause outbreaks must be defined. Moreover, as performed clinical trials have mainly enrolled adults, it is mandatory to know whether vaccines are effective in all age groups, including younger children. Finally, we must know the immune response of immunocompromised patients and the duration of protection induced by NoV vaccines. Only when all these problems have been solved will it be possible to establish an effective immunization schedule against NoV infection and calculate whether systematic vaccination can be cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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9
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Katayama K. [Review Norovirus]. Uirusu 2020; 70:117-128. [PMID: 34544926 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.70.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses commonly cause infectious gastroenteritis and massive food poisoning. There is an urgent need to elucidate the infection mechanism of noroviruses and to develop vaccines and therapeutic drugs. In addition to human disease, noroviruses have been implicated in animal disease. Noroviruses that cause murine diseases can be propagated in strained cultured cells, and for many years, murine norovirus has been used as a model for human noroviruses that could not be propagated in cultured cells. That model and advances in technology have been instrumental in basic studies of noroviruses. From structural biology, noroviruses undergo dynamic shape changes to improve their infectivity when they infect cells. New culture techniques have made human intestinal organoids available for studying the mechanisms of pathogenic expression of human noroviruses in the intestinal tract, mechanisms of infection growth, and the search for receptor molecules. Vaccines and antivirals using human intestinal organoids are under active development, and some are already in clinical trials. In this paper, I review the latest research results, vaccine development, and other advances from the history of norovirus discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Katayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University
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10
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Immunogenicity and Efficacy Evaluation of Subunit Astrovirus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030079. [PMID: 31382451 PMCID: PMC6789684 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A full understanding of the immune response to astrovirus (AstV) infection is required to treat and control AstV-induced gastroenteritis. Relative contributions of each arm of the immune system in restricting AstV infection remain unknown. In this study, two novel subunit AstV vaccines derived from capsid protein (CP) of mink AstV (MAstV) such as CPΔN (spanning amino acids 161–775) and CPΔC (spanning amino acids 1–621) were evaluated. Their immunogenicity and cytokine production in mice, as well as protective efficacy in mink litters via maternal immunization, were studied. Truncated CPs induced higher levels of serum anti-CP antibodies than CP, with the highest level for CPΔN. No seronegativity was detected after booster immunization with either AstV CP truncates in both mice and mink. All mink moms stayed seropositive during the entire 104-day study. Furthermore, lymphoproliferation responses and Th1/Th2 cytokine induction of mice splenocytes ex vivo re-stimulated by truncated CPs were significantly higher than those by CP, with the highest level for CPΔN. Immunization of mink moms with truncated CPs could suppress virus shedding and clinical signs in their litters during a 51-day study after challenge with a heterogeneous MAstV strain. Collectively, AstV truncated CPs exhibit better parameters for protection than full-length CP.
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A Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)-Based Vaccine Candidate for Human Norovirus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030213. [PMID: 30832363 PMCID: PMC6466309 DOI: 10.3390/v11030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are responsible for more than 95% of the non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis epidemics in the world. The CDC estimates that every year 21 million individuals suffer from HuNoV-induced gastroenteritis in the United States. Currently, there is no FDA-approved vaccine for HuNoVs. Development of an effective vaccine has been hampered by the lack of an efficient cell culture system for HuNoVs and a suitable small animal model for pathogenesis study. In this study, we developed lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a vector to deliver HuNoV antigen. A LAB strain (Lactococcus lactis) carrying VP1 gene of a HuNoV GII.4 virus (LAB-VP1) was constructed. It was found that HuNoV VP1 protein was highly expressed by LAB vector and was secreted into media supernatants. To test whether LAB-based HuNoV vaccine candidate is immunogenic, 4-day-old gnotobiotic piglets were orally inoculated with various doses of LAB-VP1. It was found that LABs were persistent in the small intestine of piglets and shed in pig feces for at least 25 days post inoculation. LAB DNA and VP1 were detected in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen tissue in LAB-VP1 inoculated groups. HuNoV-specific IgG and IgA were detectable in serum and feces respectively at day 13 post-inoculation, and further increased at later time points. After being challenged with HuNoV GII.4 strain, a large amount of HuNoV antigens were observed in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum sections of the intestine in the LAB control group. In contrast, significantly less, or no, HuNoV antigens were detected in the LAB-VP1 immunized groups. Collectively, these results demonstrate that a LAB-based HuNoV vaccine induces protective immunity in gnotobiotic piglets.
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12
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Ghosh S, Malik YS, Kobayashi N. Therapeutics and Immunoprophylaxis Against Noroviruses and Rotaviruses: The Past, Present, and Future. Curr Drug Metab 2018; 19:170-191. [PMID: 28901254 PMCID: PMC5971199 DOI: 10.2174/1389200218666170912161449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Noroviruses and rotaviruses are important viral etiologies of severe gastroenteritis. Noroviruses are the primary cause of nonbacterial diarrheal outbreaks in humans, whilst rotaviruses are a major cause of childhood diarrhea. Although both enteric pathogens substantially impact human health and economies, there are no approved drugs against noroviruses and rotaviruses so far. On the other hand, whilst the currently licensed rotavirus vaccines have been successfully implemented in over 100 countries, the most advanced norovirus vaccine has recently completed phase-I and II trials. Methods: We performed a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research litera-ture on advances in the fields of norovirus and rotavirus therapeutics and immunoprophylaxis. Results: Technological advances coupled with a proper understanding of viral morphology and replication over the past decade has facilitated pioneering research on therapeutics and immunoprophylaxis against noroviruses and rotaviruses, with promising outcomes in human clinical trials of some of the drugs and vaccines. This review focuses on the various developments in the fields of norovirus and rotavirus thera-peutics and immunoprophylaxis, such as potential antiviral drug molecules, passive immunotherapies (oral human immunoglobulins, egg yolk and bovine colostral antibodies, llama-derived nanobodies, and anti-bodies expressed in probiotics, plants, rice grains and insect larvae), immune system modulators, probiot-ics, phytochemicals and other biological substances such as bovine milk proteins, therapeutic nanoparti-cles, hydrogels and viscogens, conventional viral vaccines (live and inactivated whole virus vaccines), and genetically engineered viral vaccines (reassortant viral particles, virus-like particles (VLPs) and other sub-unit recombinant vaccines including multi-valent viral vaccines, edible plant vaccines, and encapsulated viral particles). Conclusions: This review provides important insights into the various approaches to therapeutics and im-munoprophylaxis against noroviruses and rotaviruses..
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts and Nevis, West Indies.,Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Mattison CP, Cardemil CV, Hall AJ. Progress on norovirus vaccine research: public health considerations and future directions. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:773-784. [PMID: 30092671 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1510327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Noroviruses are the leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide, account for approximately one-fifth of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases globally, and cause a substantial economic burden. Candidate norovirus vaccines are in development, but there is currently no licensed vaccine. AREAS COVERED Noroviruses cause approximately 684 million cases and 212,000 deaths per year across all age groups, though burden estimates vary by study and region. Challenges to vaccine research include substantial and rapidly evolving genetic diversity, short-term and homotypic immunity to infection, and the absence of a single, well-established correlate of protection. Nonetheless, several norovirus vaccine candidates are currently in development, utilizing virus-like particles (VLPs), P particles, and recombinant adenoviruses. Of these, a bivalent GI.1/GII.4 VLP-based intramuscular vaccine (Phase IIb) and GI.1 oral vaccine (Phase I) are in clinical trials. EXPERT COMMENTARY A norovirus vaccine should target high-risk populations, including the young and the elderly, and protect them against the most common circulating norovirus strains. A norovirus vaccine would be a powerful tool in the prevention and control of norovirus while lessening the burden of AGE worldwide. However, more robust burden and cost estimates are needed to justify investments in and guide norovirus vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire P Mattison
- a Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Oak Ridge , TN , USA.,b Division of Viral Diseases, Viral Gastroenteritis Branch , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , USA
| | - Cristina V Cardemil
- b Division of Viral Diseases, Viral Gastroenteritis Branch , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , USA
| | - Aron J Hall
- b Division of Viral Diseases, Viral Gastroenteritis Branch , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , USA
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Prospects and Challenges in the Development of a Norovirus Vaccine. Clin Ther 2017; 39:1537-1549. [PMID: 28756066 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Norovirus is the leading cause of acute epidemic gastroenteritis among children under the age of 5 years and adults in the United States and in adults worldwide, accounting for an estimated 20% of episodes of acute gastroenteritis across all ages. No effective vaccine is presently available. This article provides an overview of the current state of norovirus vaccine development, emphasizing barriers and challenges in the development of an effective vaccine, correlates of protection used to assess vaccine efficacy, and the results of clinical trials of the major candidate vaccines. METHODS We performed an unstructured literature review of published articles listed in PubMed in the field of norovirus vaccine development, with an emphasis on studies in humans. FINDINGS Two candidate vaccines have reached clinical trials, and a number of other candidates are in the preclinical stages of development. Multivalent vaccination may be effective in inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies protective against challenge with novel and heterologous norovirus strains. Most identified correlates of protection have not been validated in large-scale challenge studies, nor have the degrees to which these correlates covary been assessed. IMPLICATIONS Immune correlates of protection against norovirus infection need to be further developed to facilitate additional studies of the tolerability and efficacy of candidate norovirus vaccines in humans.
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Melhem NM. Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1653-69. [PMID: 26836766 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1125054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is responsible for at least 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. NoVs are classified into 6 different genogroups (GGI- GGVI) based on the viral capsid protein with NoV genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) being the predominant strain causing human diseases. Supportive therapy involving reversal of dehydration and electrolyte deficiency is the main treatment of NoV gastroenteritis. However, the worldwide increased recognition of NoV as an important agent of diarrheal gastroenteritis prompted researchers to focus on establishing preventive strategies conferring long-lasting immunity. This review describes the current status of animal and human vaccine models/studies targeting NoV and addresses the factors hampering the development of a broadly effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M Melhem
- a Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
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16
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Kocher J, Yuan L. Norovirus vaccines and potential antinorovirus drugs: recent advances and future perspectives. Future Virol 2015; 10:899-913. [PMID: 26568768 DOI: 10.2217/fvl.15.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of acute, nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. The lack of a cell culture system and smaller animal model has delayed the development and commercial availability of vaccines and antiviral drugs. Current vaccines rely on recombinant capsid proteins, such as P particles and virus-like particles (VLPs), which have been promising in clinical trials. Anti-HuNoV drug development is another area of extensive research, including currently available antiviral drugs for other viral pathogens. This review will provide an overview of recent advances in vaccine and antiviral development. The implication of recent advances in HuNoV cell culture for improving vaccine and antiviral development is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kocher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA
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17
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Kim SH, Chen S, Jiang X, Green KY, Samal SK. Immunogenicity of Newcastle disease virus vectors expressing Norwalk virus capsid protein in the presence or absence of VP2 protein. Virology 2015; 484:163-169. [PMID: 26099695 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Noroviruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans. Development of an effective vaccine is required for reducing their outbreaks. In order to develop a GI norovirus vaccine, Newcastle disease virus vectors, rLaSota and modified rBC, were used to express VP1 protein of Norwalk virus. Co-expression of VP1 and VP2 proteins by Newcastle disease virus vectors resulted in enhanced expression of Norwalk virus VP1 protein and self-assembly of VP1 protein into virus-like particles. Furthermore, the Norwalk virus-specific IgG response induced in mice by Newcastle disease virus vectors was similar to that induced by baculovirus-expressed virus-like particles in mice. However, the modified rBC vector in the presence of VP2 protein induced significantly higher levels of cellular and mucosal immune responses than those induced by baculovirus-expressed VLPs. These results indicate that Newcastle disease virus has great potential for developing a live Norwalk virus vaccine by inducing humoral, cellular and mucosal immune responses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hee Kim
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Shun Chen
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children׳s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim Y Green
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Siba K Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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18
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Dicaprio E, Ma Y, Hughes J, Li J. Epidemiology, prevention, and control of the number one foodborne illness: human norovirus. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2013; 27:651-74. [PMID: 24011835 PMCID: PMC7126578 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Dicaprio
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, 110 Parker Food Science and Technology Building, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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19
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Bui T, Kocher J, Li Y, Wen K, Li G, Liu F, Yang X, LeRoith T, Tan M, Xia M, Zhong W, Jiang X, Yuan L. Median infectious dose of human norovirus GII.4 in gnotobiotic pigs is decreased by simvastatin treatment and increased by age. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:2005-2016. [PMID: 23804568 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.054080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses (NoVs), a major cause of viral gastroenteritis, are difficult to study due to the lack of a cell-culture and a small-animal model. Pigs share with humans the types A and H histo-blood group antigens on the intestinal epithelium and have been suggested as a potential model for studies of NoV pathogenesis, immunity and vaccines. In this study, the effects of age and a cholesterol-lowering drug, simvastatin, on the susceptibility of pigs to NoV infection were evaluated. The median infectious dose (ID50) of a genogroup II, genotype 4 (GII.4) 2006b variant was determined. The ID50 in neonatal (4-5 days of age) pigs was ≤2.74×10(3) viral RNA copies. In older pigs (33-34 days of age), the ID50 was 6.43×10(4) but decreased to <2.74×10(3) in simvastatin-fed older pigs. Evidence of NoV infection was obtained by increased virus load in the intestinal contents, cytopathological changes in the small intestine, including irregular microvilli, necrosis and apoptosis, and detection of viral antigen in the tip of villi in duodenum. This GII.4 variant was isolated in 2008 from a patient from whom a large volume of stool was collected. GII.4 NoVs are continuously subjected to selective pressure by human immunity, and antigenically different GII.4 NoV variants emerge every 1-2 years. The determination of the ID50 of this challenge virus is valuable for evaluation of protection against different GII.4 variants conferred by NoV vaccines in concurrence with other GII.4 variants in the gnotobiotic pig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Bui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Integrated Life Science Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA
| | - Jacob Kocher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Integrated Life Science Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA
| | - Yanru Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Integrated Life Science Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA
| | - Ke Wen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Integrated Life Science Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Integrated Life Science Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA
| | - Fangning Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Integrated Life Science Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA
| | - Xingdong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Integrated Life Science Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Integrated Life Science Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ming Xia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Weiming Zhong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Integrated Life Science Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913, USA
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20
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Li J, Predmore A, Divers E, Lou F. New Interventions Against Human Norovirus: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2012; 3:331-52. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-022811-101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210;
| | - Ashley Predmore
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Erin Divers
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Fangfei Lou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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21
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Delacour H, Dubrous P, Koeck JL. Noroviruses: a challenge for military forces. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2011; 156:251-4. [PMID: 21275360 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-156-04-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
For military forces, the control of infectious acute gastroenteritis constitutes an old, constant and unsolved concern. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that the common bacterial causes are being overtaken by viruses. Norviruses are the most alarming group and norovirus outbreaks in military forces are regularly reported. Illness is generally mild and characterised by acute vomiting and diarrhoea, which lasts for a few days on average, but may be severe and potentially life-threatening in subjects who are already dehydrated due to daily activity. Moreover, outbreaks may diminish operational effectiveness. Prevention of norovirus infection currently relies on strict application of personal and collective hygiene rules including isolation of the cases, to the greatest possible extent. Although noroviruses are frequently mentioned as the cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks in troops deployed overseas, laboratory diagnosis is rarely done. So their real burden in military forces remains unclear and further epidemiological studies are required to determine the full impact of norovirus gastroenteritis on troops.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Delacour
- Begin Hospital, Department of Biology, 69 avenue de Paris, 94 163 Saint Mandé Cedex, France.
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22
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Krause A, Whu WZ, Xu Y, Joh J, Crystal RG, Worgall S. Protective anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa humoral and cellular mucosal immunity by AdC7-mediated expression of the P. aeruginosa protein OprF. Vaccine 2011; 29:2131-9. [PMID: 21215829 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Replication-deficient adenoviral (Ad) vectors are an attractive platform for a vaccine against lung infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ad vectors based on non-human serotypes have been developed to circumvent the problem of pre-existing anti-Ad immunity in humans. The present study analyzes the anti-P. aeruginosa systemic and lung mucosal immunity elicited by a non-human primate-based AdC7 vector expressing the outer membrane protein F (AdC7OprF) of P. aeruginosa. Intramuscular immunization of mice with AdC7OprF induced similar levels of serum and mucosal anti-OprF IgG and increased levels of anti-OprF IgA in lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) compared to immunization with a human serotype Ad5OprF vector (p>0.05). OprF-specific INF-γ in splenic T cells stimulated with OprF-pulsed syngeneic splenic dendritic cells (DC) was similar following immunization with AdC7OprF compared to Ad5OprF (p>0.05). In contrast, OprF-specific INF-γ responses in lung T cells stimulated with either spleen or lung DC were increased following immunization with AdC7OprF compared to Ad5OprF (p<0.05). Interestingly, direct administration of AdC7OprF to the respiratory tract resulted in an increase of OprF-specific IgG in serum, OprF-specific IgG and IgA in lung ELF, and OprF-specific INF-γ in lung T-cells compared to immunization with Ad5OprF, and survival following challenge with a lethal dose of P. aeruginosa. These data demonstrate that systemic or lung mucosal immunization with an AdC7-based vaccine vector induces superior pulmonary humoral and cellular anti-transgene immunity compared to immunization with an Ad5-based vector and favors AdC7-based vectors as vaccines to induce lung mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Krause
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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23
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Zhou H, Guo L, Wang M, Qu J, Zhao Z, Wang J, Hung T. Prime immunization with rotavirus VLP 2/6 followed by boosting with an adenovirus expressing VP6 induces protective immunization against rotavirus in mice. Virol J 2011; 8:3. [PMID: 21205330 PMCID: PMC3024956 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus (RV) is the main cause of severe gastroenteritis in children. An effective vaccination regime against RV can substantially reduce morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of virus-like particles formed by RV VP2 and VP6 (VLP2/6), as well as that of recombinant adenovirus expressing RV VP6 (rAd), in eliciting protective immunities against RV. However, the efficacy of such prime-boost strategy, which incorporates VLP and rAd in inducing protective immunities against RV, has not been addressed. We assessed the immune effects of different regimens in mice, including rAd prime-VLP2/6 boost (rAd+VLP), VLP2/6 prime-rAd boost (VLP+rAd), rAd alone, and VLP alone. RESULTS Mice immunized with the VLP+rAd regimen elicit stronger humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses than those immunized with other regimens. RV challenging experiments showed that the highest reduction (92.9%) in viral shedding was achieved in the VLP+rAd group when compared with rAd+VLP (25%), VLP alone (75%), or rAd alone (40%) treatment groups. The reduction in RV shedding in mice correlated with fecal IgG (r = 0.95773, P = 0.04227) and IgA (r = 0.96137, P = 0.038663). CONCLUSIONS A VLP2/6 prime-rAd boost regimen is effective in conferring immunoprotection against RV challenge in mice. This finding may lay the groundwork for an alternative strategy in novel RV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100730, PR China
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24
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Tutykhina IL, Logunov DY, Shcherbinin DN, Shmarov MM, Tukhvatulin AI, Naroditsky BS, Gintsburg AL. Development of adenoviral vector-based mucosal vaccine against influenza. J Mol Med (Berl) 2010; 89:331-41. [PMID: 21104066 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-010-0696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The recent pandemic threat of the influenza virus makes the increased safety and efficiency of vaccination against the pathogen a most important issue. It has been well established that for maximum protective effect, the vaccination should mimic natural infection. Therefore, recent efforts to develop a new influenza vaccine have focused on intranasal immunization strategies. Intranasal immunization is capable of inducing secretory IgA and serum IgG responses to provide a double defense against mucosal pathogens. On the other hand, it is desirable that a live pathogen is not present in the vaccine. In addition, for optimal induction of the immune responses via the nasal route, efficient and safe mucosal adjuvants are also required. This is possible to attain using an adenoviral vector for vaccine development. Adenoviral vectors are capable of delivering and protecting the antigen encoding sequence. They also possess a natural mechanism for penetrating into the nasal mucous membrane and are capable of activating the innate immune response. This review describes the basic prerequisites for the involvement of recombinant adenoviruses for mucosal (nasal) vaccine development against the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina L Tutykhina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, ul. Gamaleya 18, Moscow 123098, Russia
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Okamba FR, Arella M, Music N, Jia JJ, Gottschalk M, Gagnon CA. Potential use of a recombinant replication-defective adenovirus vector carrying the C-terminal portion of the P97 adhesin protein as a vaccine against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in swine. Vaccine 2010; 28:4802-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Brave A, Johansson U, Hallengärd D, Heidari S, Gullberg H, Wahren B, Hinkula J, Spetz AL. Induction of HIV-1-specific cellular and humoral immune responses following immunization with HIV-DNA adjuvanted with activated apoptotic lymphocytes. Vaccine 2009; 28:2080-7. [PMID: 20044053 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of DNA encoding foreign antigens into mammalian cells can induce adaptive immune responses. There are currently many DNA-based vaccines in clinical trials against infectious diseases and cancer but there is a lack of adjuvants for improvement of responses to DNA-based vaccines. Here, we show augmented systemic and mucosa-associated B cell responses after immunization with a cocktail of seven different plasmids (3 env, 2 gag, 1 rev, 1 RT) combined with mitogen activated apoptotic syngeneic lymphocytes in mice. In addition we show that apoptotic cells can function as adjuvant for induction of cellular immune responses in a magnitude comparable to the cytokine adjuvant GM-CSF in mice. These data suggest that activated apoptotic lymphocytes can act independent as adjuvants to improve antigen-specific DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brave
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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27
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A recombinant adenovirus prime-virus-like particle boost regimen elicits effective and specific immunities against norovirus in mice. Vaccine 2009; 27:5233-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Acute viral gastroenteritis is, after respiratory tract infections, the second most common cause of childhood morbidity, hospitalizations and deaths. Amidst a large number of enteric viruses, rotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NV) have been presently recognized as the most important. RV is considered a single, major cause of severe acute diarrhea and the greatest cause of diarrhea-related deaths among children, whereas NV is a major cause of outbreaks, including those in medical facilities. Since improvements in sanitation and hygiene standards have demonstrated little impact on morbidity rate, vaccination early in life appears to be an effective tool to prevent this common disease. Currently, two efficacious oral vaccines are available in several countries in the world. The key challenge is their relatively high price, particularly for the poorest nations, where the need for routine vaccination is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Oldak
- Medical University of Bialystok, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
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