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Cox N, De Swaef E, Corteel M, Van Den Broeck W, Bossier P, Nauwynck HJ, Dantas-Lima JJ. Experimental Infection Models and Their Usefulness for White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Research in Shrimp. Viruses 2024; 16:813. [PMID: 38793694 PMCID: PMC11125927 DOI: 10.3390/v16050813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is marked as one of the most economically devastating pathogens in shrimp aquaculture worldwide. Infection of cultured shrimp can lead to mass mortality (up to 100%). Although progress has been made, our understanding of WSSV's infection process and the virus-host-environment interaction is far from complete. This in turn hinders the development of effective mitigation strategies against WSSV. Infection models occupy a crucial first step in the research flow that tries to elucidate the infectious disease process to develop new antiviral treatments. Moreover, since the establishment of continuous shrimp cell lines is a work in progress, the development and use of standardized in vivo infection models that reflect the host-pathogen interaction in shrimp is a necessity. This review critically examines key aspects of in vivo WSSV infection model development that are often overlooked, such as standardization, (post)larval quality, inoculum type and choice of inoculation procedure, housing conditions, and shrimp welfare considerations. Furthermore, the usefulness of experimental infection models for different lines of WSSV research will be discussed with the aim to aid researchers when choosing a suitable model for their research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja Cox
- IMAQUA, 9080 Lochristi, Belgium; (E.D.S.); (M.C.); (J.J.D.-L.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | | | - Mathias Corteel
- IMAQUA, 9080 Lochristi, Belgium; (E.D.S.); (M.C.); (J.J.D.-L.)
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Hans J. Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
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2
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Cui C, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Single-cell RNA-seq revealed heterogeneous responses and functional differentiation of hemocytes against white spot syndrome virus infection in Litopenaeus vannamei. J Virol 2024; 98:e0180523. [PMID: 38323810 PMCID: PMC10949519 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01805-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Shrimp hemocytes are the vital immune cells participating in innate immune response to defend against viruses. However, the lack of specific molecular markers for shrimp hemocyte hindered the insightful understanding of their functional clusters and differential roles in combating microbial infections. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to map the transcriptomic landscape of hemocytes from the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)-infected Litopenaeus vannamei and conjointly analyzed with our previous published single-cell RNA sequencing technology data from the healthy hemocytes. A total of 16 transcriptionally distinct cell clusters were identified, which occupied different proportions in healthy and WSSV-infected hemocytes and exerted differential roles in antiviral immune response. Following mapping of the sequencing data to the WSSV genome, we found that all types of hemocytes could be invaded by WSSV virions, especially the cluster 8, which showed the highest transcriptional levels of WSSV genes and exhibited a cell type-specific antiviral response to the viral infection. Further evaluation of the cell clusters revealed the delicate dynamic balance between hemocyte immune response and viral infestation. Unsupervised pseudo-time analysis of hemocytes showed that the hemocytes in immune-resting state could be significantly activated upon WSSV infection and then functionally differentiated to different hemocyte subsets. Collectively, our results revealed the differential responses of shrimp hemocytes and the process of immune-functional differentiation post-WSSV infection, providing essential resource for the systematic insight into the synergistic immune response mechanism against viral infection among hemocyte subtypes. IMPORTANCE Current knowledge of shrimp hemocyte classification mainly comes from morphology, which hinder in-depth characterization of cell lineage development, functional differentiation, and different immune response of hemocyte types during pathogenic infections. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing was used for mapping hemocytes during white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in Litopenaeus vannamei, identifying 16 cell clusters and evaluating their potential antiviral functional characteristics. We have described the dynamic balance between viral infestation and hemocyte immunity. And the functional differentiation of hemocytes under WSSV stimulation was further characterized. Our results provided a comprehensive transcriptional landscape and revealed the heterogeneous immune response in shrimp hemocytes during WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Cui
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Noman M, Kazmi SSUH, Saqib HSA, Fiaz U, Pastorino P, Barcelò D, Tayyab M, Liu W, Wang Z, Yaseen ZM. Harnessing probiotics and prebiotics as eco-friendly solution for cleaner shrimp aquaculture production: A state of the art scientific consensus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169921. [PMID: 38199379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the advancement and greater magnitude of products, which led to the intensification in shrimp aquaculture is the result of utilization of modern tools and synchronization with other fields of science like microbiology and biotechnology. This intensification led to the elevation of disorders such as the development of several diseases and complications associated with biofouling. The use of antibiotics in aquaculture is discouraged due to their certain hazardous paraphernalia. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in exploring alternative strategies, with probiotics and prebiotics emerging as environmentally friendly substitutes for antibiotic treatments in shrimp aquaculture. This review highlighted the results of probiotics and prebiotics administration in the improvement of water quality, enhancement of growth and survival rates, stress resistance, health status and disease resistance, modulation of enteric microbiota and immunomodulation of different shrimp species. Additionally, the study sheds light on the comprehensive role of prebiotics and probiotics in elucidating the mechanistic framework, contributing to a deeper understanding of shrimp physiology and immunology. Besides their role in growth and development of shrimp aquaculture, the eco-friendly behavior of prebiotics and probiotics have made them ideal to control pollution in aquaculture systems. This comprehensive exploration of prebiotics and probiotics aims to address gaps in our understanding, including the economic aspects of shrimp aquaculture in terms of benefit-cost ratio, and areas worthy of further investigation by drawing insights from previous studies on different shrimp species. Ultimately, this commentary seeks to contribute to the evolving body of knowledge surrounding prebiotics and probiotics, offering valuable perspectives that extend beyond the ecological dimensions of shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Noman
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Govt. Associate College (Boys), Eminabad 52460, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shabi Ul Hassan Kazmi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed Saqib
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Usama Fiaz
- Govt. Associate College (Boys), Eminabad 52460, Pakistan
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino 10154, Italy
| | - Damià Barcelò
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Girona 17003, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zaher Mundher Yaseen
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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Alam MS, Islam MN, Das M, Islam SF, Rabbane MG, Karim E, Roy A, Alam MS, Ahmed R, Kibria ASM. RNAi-Based Therapy: Combating Shrimp Viral Diseases. Viruses 2023; 15:2050. [PMID: 37896827 PMCID: PMC10612085 DOI: 10.3390/v15102050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shrimp aquaculture has become a vital industry, meeting the growing global demand for seafood. Shrimp viral diseases have posed significant challenges to the aquaculture industry, causing major economic losses worldwide. Conventional treatment methods have proven to be ineffective in controlling these diseases. However, recent advances in RNA interference (RNAi) technology have opened new possibilities for combating shrimp viral diseases. This cutting-edge technology uses cellular machinery to silence specific viral genes, preventing viral replication and spread. Numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of RNAi-based therapies in various model organisms, paving the way for their use in shrimp health. By precisely targeting viral pathogens, RNAi has the potential to provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution to combat viral diseases in shrimp aquaculture. This review paper provides an overview of RNAi-based therapy and its potential as a game-changer for shrimp viral diseases. We discuss the principles of RNAi, its application in combating viral infections, and the current progress made in RNAi-based therapy for shrimp viral diseases. We also address the challenges and prospects of this innovative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shahanoor Alam
- Department of Genetics and Fish Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Mohammad Nazrul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Mousumi Das
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Sk. Farzana Islam
- Department of Fisheries (DoF), Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Matshya Bhaban, Ramna, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (S.F.I.); (R.A.)
| | - Md. Golam Rabbane
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Ehsanul Karim
- Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh 2201, Bangladesh;
| | - Animesh Roy
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Aquatic Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Mohammad Shafiqul Alam
- Department of Genetics and Fish Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Raju Ahmed
- Department of Fisheries (DoF), Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Matshya Bhaban, Ramna, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (S.F.I.); (R.A.)
| | - Abu Syed Md. Kibria
- Department of Aquaculture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh;
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5
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Burciaga RA, Ruiz-Guzmán G, Lanz-Mendoza H, Krams I, Contreras-Garduño J. The honey bees immune memory. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:104528. [PMID: 36067906 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrates' immune priming or innate immune memory is an analogous response to the vertebrates' adaptive memory. We investigated if honey bees have immune memory. We compared survival and immune response between bees that were: 1) manipulated (Naïve), 2) challenged twice with the same pathogen Escherichia coli (Memory), 3) challenged twice with different pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus versus E. coli, Micrococcus lysodeikticus versus E. coli), or 4) with PBS (the diluent of bacteria) versus E. coli (heterologous challenge; Control). Results indicate better survival in the Memory than the Control group, and the Memory group showed a similar survival than Naïve insects. The Memory group had higher lytic activity but lower prophenoloxidase, phenoloxidase activity, and hemocyte count than the Control and Naïve groups. No differences were found in relative expression of defensin-1. This first demonstration of immune memory opens the questions about its molecular mechanisms and whether, immune memory could be used against natural parasites that affect honey bees, hence, if they could be "vaccinated" against some natural parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aarón Burciaga
- ENES, Unidad Morelia, UNAM. Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro, No.8701. Col. Ex-Hacienda San José de la Huerta Código, 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Gloria Ruiz-Guzmán
- ENES, Unidad Morelia, UNAM. Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro, No.8701. Col. Ex-Hacienda San José de la Huerta Código, 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Indrikis Krams
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Biotechnology, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia; Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jorge Contreras-Garduño
- ENES, Unidad Morelia, UNAM. Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro, No.8701. Col. Ex-Hacienda San José de la Huerta Código, 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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6
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Sha H, Lu J, Chen J, Xiong J. A meta-analysis study of the robustness and universality of gut microbiota-shrimp diseases relationship. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:3924-3938. [PMID: 35466526 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intensive case study has shown dysbiosis in the gut microbiota-shrimp disease relationship, however, variability in experimental design and the diversity of diseases arise the question whether some gut indicators are robust and universal in response to shrimp health status, irrespective of causal agents. Through an unbiased subject-level meta-analysis framework, we re-analyzed 10 studies including 261 samples, 4 lifestages, 6 different diseases (the causal agents are virus, bacterial, eukaryotic pathogens, or unknown). Results showed that shrimp diseases reproducibly altered the structure of gut bacterial community, but not diversity. After ruling out the lifestage- and disease specific- discriminatory taxa (different diseases dependent indicators), we identify 18 common disease-discriminatory taxa (indicative of health status, irrespective of causal agents) that accurately diagnosed (90.0% accuracy) shrimp health status, regardless of different diseases. These optimizations substantially improved the performance (62.6% vs. 90.0%) diagnosing model. The robustness and universality of model was validated for effectiveness via leave-one-dataset-out validation and independent cohorts. Interspecies interaction and stability of the gut microbiotas were consistently compromised in diseased shrimp compared with corresponding healthy cohorts, while stochasticity and beta-dispersion exhibited the opposite trend. Collectively, our findings exemplify the utility of microbiome meta-analyses in identifying robust and reproducible features for quantitatively diagnosing disease incidence, and the downstream consequences for shrimp pathogenesis from an ecological prospective. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Sha
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jinbo Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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7
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Zheng Z, Aweya JJ, Bao S, Yao D, Li S, Tran NT, Ma H, Zhang Y. The Microbial Composition of Penaeid Shrimps' Hepatopancreas Is Modulated by Hemocyanin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2733-2743. [PMID: 34670821 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms have to produce proteins or factors that help maintain a stable relationship with microbiota and prevent colonization by pathogenic microorganisms. In crustaceans and other aquatic invertebrates, relatively few of these host factors have been characterized. In this study, we show that the respiratory glycoprotein hemocyanin is a crucial host factor that modulates microbial composition and diversity in the hepatopancreas of penaeid shrimp. Diseased penaeid shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), had an empty gastrointestinal tract with atrophied hepatopancreas, expressed low hemocyanin, and high total bacterial abundance, with Vibrio as the dominant bacteria. Similarly, shrimp depleted of hemocyanin had mitochondrial depolarization, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and dysregulation of several energy metabolism-related genes. Hemocyanin silencing together with ROS scavenger (N-acetylcysteine) treatment improved microbial diversity and decreased Vibrio dominance in the hepatopancreas. However, fecal microbiota transplantation after hemocyanin knockdown could not restore the microbial composition in the hepatopancreas. Collectively, our data provide, to our knowledge, new insight into the pivotal role of hemocyanin in modulating microbial composition in penaeid shrimp hepatopancreas via its effect on mitochondrial integrity, energy metabolism, and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China; .,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Shiyuan Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Defu Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China; .,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Le Linh H, Thu NPA, Dung TTX, Van Hau N, Nghia NH, Thao DTP. Yeast cell surface displaying VP28 antigen and its potential application for shrimp farming. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6345-6354. [PMID: 34410438 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
VP28 is an envelope protein of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), which has been shown in previous studies to induce a high immune response in shrimp. VP28 has been produced in some host systems such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pichia pastoris as free protein. Here we showed a new strategy of anchoring VP28 on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast surface and using the yeast cell extract combined with probiotic as an oral vaccine for shrimp farming. We have successfully constructed a recombinant yeast cell capable of expressing VP28 on the cell surface. The feeding diet combined with VP28 anchored yeast cell extract provided significant assurance to Litopenaeus vannamei, challenged by WSSV, resulting in a relative percent survival (RPS) of 87.10 ± 2.15%. Interestingly, the utilization of VP28 anchored yeast cell extract could enhance the efficiency of probiotic strains like Lactobacillus and Bacillus on shrimp farming. The results in both laboratory scales and field trials using extract of VP28 displaying Saccharomyces showed a growth-promoting effect in shrimp, assessed through average shrimp weight. Taken together, our results in this study demonstrated a new successful strategy of using yeast cell surface as a tool to produce VP28-based oral vaccine for shrimp aquaculture. KEY POINTS: • A new strategy of using VP28 antigen as anchored protein on S. cerevisiae yeast cell surface (S. cerevisiae::VP28) • The utilization of VP28 antigen and yeast as S. cerevisiae::VP28 extract enhanced potential protection of Litopenaeus vannamei against White Spot Syndrome Virus (RPS 87.10%) • The use of S. cerevisiae::VP28 extract increased efficiency of probiotic on shrimp growth-promoting effect either lab-scale or field trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Le Linh
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Pham Anh Thu
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Xuan Dung
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Hau
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hieu Nghia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dang Thi Phuong Thao
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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9
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Immune Control of Herpesvirus Infection in Molluscs. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080618. [PMID: 32751093 PMCID: PMC7460283 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molluscan herpesviruses that are capable of infecting economically important species of abalone and oysters have caused significant losses in production due to the high mortality rate of infected animals. Current methods in preventing and controlling herpesviruses in the aquacultural industry are based around biosecurity measures which are impractical and do not contain the virus as farms source their water from oceans. Due to the lack of an adaptive immune system in molluscs, vaccine related therapies are not a viable option; therefore, a novel preventative strategy known as immune priming was recently explored. Immune priming has been shown to provide direct protection in oysters from Ostreid herpesvirus-1, as well as to their progeny through trans-generational immune priming. The mechanisms of these processes are not completely understood, however advancements in the characterisation of the oyster immune response has assisted in formulating potential hypotheses. Limited literature has explored the immune response of abalone infected with Haliotid herpesvirus as well as the potential for immune priming in these species, therefore, more research is required in this area to determine whether this is a practical solution for control of molluscan herpesviruses in an aquaculture setting.
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10
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Drosophila immunity against natural and nonnatural viral pathogens. Virology 2019; 540:165-171. [PMID: 31928998 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is extensively used as a model species for molecular biology and genetics. It is also widely studied for its innate immune system to expand our understanding of immune host defenses against numerous pathogens. More precisely, studies using both natural and nonnatural Drosophila pathogens have provided a better perspective of viral infection strategies and immunity processes than any other invertebrate. This has made significant advances in identifying and characterizing the innate immune mechanisms by which hosts can combat viral pathogens. However, in-depth studies on antiviral immunity are still lacking due in part to the narrow research focus on the evolution and conservation of antiviral strategies to combat infections caused by both natural and nonnatural viruses. In this review, we will cover three major areas. First, we will describe the well-characterized antiviral immune mechanisms in Drosophila. Second, we will survey the specific pathways induced by natural viruses that have been studied in Drosophila. Finally, we will discuss the pathways activated by nonnatural viruses, drawing comparisons to natural viruses and giving an unprecedented insight into the virus community of Drosophila that is necessary to understand the evolutionary and immune context needed to develop Drosophila as a model for virus research.
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11
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Ng TH, Kumar R, Apitanyasai K, He ST, Chiu SP, Wang HC. Selective expression of a "correct cloud" of Dscam in crayfish survivors after second exposure to the same pathogen. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:430-437. [PMID: 31200075 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod hypervariable Dscam (Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule) may be involved in adaptive-like immune characteristics, namely immune priming, enabling the host to "learn" and "remember" pathogens previously encountered in arthropods. However, expression of Dscam in immune-primed arthropods after a second challenge has apparently not been confirmed. Herein, working with Dscam of Australian freshwater crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus, i.e. CqDscam), we further investigated whether immune priming is mediated by "clouds" of appropriate (or "correct") CqDscam isoforms. In crayfish that survived a first WSSV challenge (immune priming), long-lasting CqDscam expression remained higher after a second WSSV challenge. Selective CqDscam isoforms were also induced after both challenges. Based on pathogen binding assays, these WSSV-induced CqDscam isoforms had a higher WSSV binding ability, perhaps mainly mediated by Ig3-spliced variants. We therefore hypothesized that in these crayfish survivors, an unknown selection process was generating a "correct cloud" of CqDscam against a previously encountered pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Hann Ng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kantamas Apitanyasai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting He
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Po Chiu
- Department of Life Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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12
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Zhu YP, Li C, Wan XY, Yang Q, Xie GS, Huang J. Delivery of plasmid DNA to shrimp hemocytes by Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) nanoparticles expressed from a baculovirus insect cell system. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 166:107231. [PMID: 31425685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are potential containers for delivery of therapeutic agents at the nanoscale. In this study, the capsid protein of Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) was expressed in a baculovirus insect cell system. The 37-kDa recombinant protein containing the hexahistidine residues (His Tag) at N-terminal was purified using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and assembled into VLPs with a diameter of 23 ± 3 nm analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. We also verified that disassembly/reassembly of IHHNV-VLPs was controlled in the presence and absence of DTT. The efficiency of IHHNV-VLPs to encapsulate plasmid DNA was about 48.2%, and the VLPs encapsulating the pcDNA3.1(+)-EGFP plasmid DNA could recognize the primary shrimp hemocytes and deliver the loaded plasmid into cells by detection of expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). These results implied that the IHHNV-VLPs might be a good candidate for packaging and delivery of expressible plasmid DNA, and may produce an antiviral product in shrimp cells for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Precision Medicine Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiao-Yuan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guo Si Xie
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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13
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Oakey J, Smith C, Underwood D, Afsharnasab M, Alday-Sanz V, Dhar A, Sivakumar S, Sahul Hameed AS, Beattie K, Crook A. Global distribution of white spot syndrome virus genotypes determined using a novel genotyping assay. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2061-2082. [PMID: 31131427 PMCID: PMC6591196 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
White spot disease, caused by infection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), is a serious panzootic affecting prawn aquaculture. The disease has spread rapidly around the prawn-culturing regions of the world through a number of previously identified mechanisms. The ability to distinguish and trace strains of WSSV is of great benefit to identify, and then limit, the translocation routes of the disease. Here, we describe a novel genotyping method using 34 short tandem repeat regions of the viral genome concurrently. This technique is highly sensitive to strain differences when compared to previous methods. The efficacy of the described method is demonstrated by testing WSSV isolates from around the globe, showing regional genotypic differences. The differences in the genotypes were used to create a global minimum spanning network, and in most cases the observed relationships were substantiated with verification of transboundary movement. This novel panel of STR markers will provide a valuable epidemiological tool for white spot disease. We have applied this to an outbreak of the disease in Queensland, Australia, that occurred in 2016. While the results indicate that the source of this outbreak currently remains cryptic, the analyses have provided valuable insights with which to further study the origins of the strains involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oakey
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia.
| | - C Smith
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - D Underwood
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - M Afsharnasab
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - V Alday-Sanz
- National Aquaculture Group, King Abdul Aziz Rd, Al Murjan, Jeddah, 23715, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A Dhar
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1041 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - S Sivakumar
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A S Sahul Hameed
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Beattie
- Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, 41 George Street, Brisbane, 4000, Australia
| | - A Crook
- Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, 41 George Street, Brisbane, 4000, Australia
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14
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Wan ZC, Li D, Li XJ, Zhu YT, Gao TH, Li WW, Wang Q. B52 promotes alternative splicing of Dscam in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:460-469. [PMID: 30685464 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
B52 is a member of the classical serine/arginine (SR)-rich proteins, which are phylogenetically conserved and play significant roles in mRNA maturation, including alternative splicing. In the present study, the docking site, selector sequences and locus control region of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (EsDscam) were identified. Alternative splicing of Dscam is essential to generate different isoforms. We also isolated and characterised the B52 gene from E. sinensis (EsB52). The 876 bp open reading frame of EsB52 encodes a 291 amino acid residue polypeptide, and EsB52 has two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) at the N-terminus and an arginine/serine-rich domain at the C-terminus. Each RRM contains two degenerate short submotifs, RNP-1 and RNP2. Analysis of tissue distribution revealed that EsB52 mRNA expression was widespread in all tested tissues, and especially high in brain and hemocytes. In hemocytes, EsB52 was upregulated significantly after stimulation with pathogen-associated molecular patterns and bacteria. Furthermore, EsB52 RNAi decreased the number of Ig7 inclusion in mRNA rather than Ig2 or Ig3. Taken together, these findings suggest that EsB52 acts as an alternative splicing activator of EsDscam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Cheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - You-Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Heng Gao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Ngo TTN, Senior AM, Culina A, Santos ESA, Vlak JM, Zwart MP. Quantitative analysis of the dose-response of white spot syndrome virus in shrimp. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1733-1744. [PMID: 30117593 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is an important cause of mortality and economic losses in shrimp farming. Although WSSV-induced mortality is virus dose dependent and WSSV infection does not necessarily lead to mortality, the relationships between virus-particle dose, infection and mortality have not been analysed quantitatively. Here, we explored WSSV dose-response by a combination of experiments, modelling and meta-analysis. We performed dose-response experiments in Penaeus vannamei postlarvae, recorded host mortality and detected WSSV infection. When we fitted infection models to these data, two models-differing in whether they incorporated heterogeneous host susceptibility to the virus or not-were supported for two independent experiments. To determine the generality of these results, we reanalysed published data sets and then performed a meta-analysis. We found that WSSV dose-response kinetics is indeed variable over experiments. We could not clearly identify which specific infection model has the most support by meta-analysis, but we argue that these results also are most concordant with a model incorporating varying levels of heterogeneous host susceptibility to WSSV. We have identified suitable models for analysing WSSV dose-response, which can elucidate the most basic virus-host interactions and help to avoid underestimating WSSV infection at low virus doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy T N Ngo
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 2, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, and School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Antica Culina
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo S A Santos
- BECO do Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Just M Vlak
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark P Zwart
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UPV, València, Spain
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Xu X, Duan H, Shi Y, Xie S, Song Z, Jin S, Li F, Xiang J. Development of a primary culture system for haematopoietic tissue cells from Cherax quadricarinatus and an exploration of transfection methods. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 88:45-54. [PMID: 30003889 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Various known and unknown viral diseases can threaten crustacean aquaculture. To develop prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against viruses, crustacean cell lines are urgently needed for immunology and virology studies. However, there are currently no permanent crustacean cell lines available. In this study, we developed a new method for preparing crayfish plasma (CP) and found that CP enhanced the proliferative capacity of haematopoietic tissue (hpt) cells from Cherax quadricarinatus by an EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) assay. The optimal CP concentration for hpt cell culture and the optimal subculture method are discussed. To achieve efficient expression of a foreign gene in hpt cells cultured in vitro, different transfection methods and vectors were analysed. We found that Lipofectamine 2000 could be used to efficiently transfect a foreign vector into hpt cells and exhibited a lower level of cytotoxicity than the other methods tested, and transfection of pEGFP-N1/w249 and pDHsp70-EGFP-FLAG resulted in high EGFP expression. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and virus copy number analysis, we found that white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) could infect hpt cells and multiply efficiently. Our results implied that the crayfish hpt cell culture system we improved could be used as a replacement for immortal crustacean cell lines in viral infection studies. Our findings provide a solid foundation for future immortalization and gene function studies in crustacean cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingli Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shijun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhan Song
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Songjun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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17
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The silkrose of Bombyx mori effectively prevents vibriosis in penaeid prawns via the activation of innate immunity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8836. [PMID: 29892000 PMCID: PMC5995915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified novel bioactive polysaccharides from Bactrocera cucurbitae and Antheraea yamamai that activate innate immunity in RAW264 murine macrophages. However, in terms of potential applications in the cultivation of prawns, there were problems with the availability of these insects. However, we have now identified a polysaccharide from Bombyx mori that activates innate immunity in RAW264 cells and penaeid prawns. This purified polysaccharide, termed silkrose of B. mori (silkrose-BM), has a molecular weight of 1,150,000 and produces a single symmetrical peak on HPLC. Eight of nine constitutive monosaccharides of silkrose-BM are concomitant with dipterose of B. cucurbitae (dipterose-BC) and silkrose of A. yamamai (silkrose-AY). The major differences are found in the molar ratios of the monosaccharides. Silkrose-BM is approximately 500-fold less potent than silkrose-AY (EC50: 2.5 and 0.0043 μg/mL, respectively) in a nitrite oxide (NO) production assay using RAW264 cells. However, the maximum NO production for silkrose-BM and AY were comparable and higher than that of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli. The survival of penaeid prawns (Litopenaeus vannamei and Marsupenaeus japonicus) after infection with Vibrio penaecida was significantly improved by both dietary silkrose-BM and B. mori pupae. This suggests that silkrose-BM effectively prevents vibriosis in penaeid prawns via the activation of innate immunity.
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18
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Chang YH, Kumar R, Ng TH, Wang HC. What vaccination studies tell us about immunological memory within the innate immune system of cultured shrimp and crayfish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:53-66. [PMID: 28279805 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of immunological memory in invertebrates is a topic that has recently attracted a lot of attention. Today, even vertebrates are known to exhibit innate immune responses that show memory-like properties, and since these responses are triggered by cells that are involved in the innate immune system, it seems that immune specificity and immune memory do not necessarily require the presence of B cells and T cells after all. This kind of immune response has been called "immune priming" or "trained immunity". In this report, we review recent observations and our current understanding of immunological memory within the innate immune system in cultured shrimp and crayfish after vaccination with live vaccine, killed vaccine and subunit vaccines. We also discuss the possible mechanisms involved in this immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tze Hann Ng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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19
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Taengchaiyaphum S, Nakayama H, Srisala J, Khiev R, Aldama-Cano DJ, Thitamadee S, Sritunyalucksana K. Vaccination with multimeric recombinant VP28 induces high protection against white spot syndrome virus in shrimp. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 76:56-64. [PMID: 28545960 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of WSSV protection, multimeric (tetrameric) recombinant VP28 (4XrVP28) was produced and tested in comparison with those of monomeric VP28 (1XrVP28). In vitro binding of either 1XrVP28 or 4XrVP28 to shrimp hemocyte surface was evident as early as 10 min after protein inoculation. Similar results were obtained in vivo when shrimp were injected with recombinant proteins that the proteins bound to the hemocyte surface could be detected since 5 min after injection. Comparison of the WSSV protection efficiencies of 1XrVP28 or 4XrVP28 were performed by injection the purified 1XrVP28 or 4XrVP28 (22.5 μg/shrimp) and WSSV inoculum (1000 copies/shrimp) into shrimp. At 10 dpi, while shrimp injected with WSSV inoculum reached 100% mortality, shrimp injected with 1XrVP28 + WSSV or 4XrVP28 + WSSV showed relative percent survival (RPS) of 67% and 81%, respectively. PCR quantification revealed high number of WSSV in the moribund shrimp of WSSV- and 1XrVP28+WSSV-injected group. In contrast, lower number of WSSV copies were found in the survivors both from 1XrVP28+WSSV- or 4XrVP28+WSSV- injected groups. Histopathological analysis demonstrated the WSSV infected lesions found in the moribund from WSSV-infected group and 1XrVP28+WSSV-injected group, but less or none in the survivors. ELISA demonstrated that 4XrVP28 exhibited higher affinity binding to rPmRab7, a WSSV binding protein essential for WSSV entry to the cell than 1XrVP28. Taken together, the protection against WSSV in shrimp could be improved by application of multimeric rVP28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparat Taengchaiyaphum
- Shrimp-pathogen Interaction (SPI) laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jiraporn Srisala
- Shrimp-pathogen Interaction (SPI) laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ratny Khiev
- Centex Shrimp, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Diva January Aldama-Cano
- Shrimp-pathogen Interaction (SPI) laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Centex Shrimp, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Departamento de Biotecnología y CienciasAlimentarias, InstitutoTecnológico de Sonora, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Siripong Thitamadee
- Centex Shrimp, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- Shrimp-pathogen Interaction (SPI) laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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20
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Ramos-Paredes J, Grijalva-Chon JM, Ibarra-Gámez JC. Virulence and genotypes of white spot syndrome virus infecting Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in north-western Mexico. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:425-435. [PMID: 28105747 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has caused substantial global economic impact on aquaculture, and it has been determined that strains can vary in virulence. In this study, the effect of viral load was evaluated by infecting Litopenaeus vannamei with 10-fold serial dilution of tissue infected with strain WSSV Mx-H, and the virulence of four WSSV strains from north-western Mexico was assessed along with their variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) genotypes in ORF75, ORF94 and ORF125. The LD50 of the Mx-H strain was a dilution dose of 10-7.5 ; the mortality titre was 109.2 LD50 per gram. In shrimp injected with 102.5 to 106.5 LD50 , no significant virulence differences were evident. Using mortality data, the four WSSV strains grouped into three virulence levels. The Mx-F strain (intermediate virulence) and the Mx-C strain (high virulence) showed more genetic differences than those observed between the Mx-G (low-virulence) and Mx-H (high-virulence) strains, in ORF94 and ORF125. The application of high-viral-load inocula proved useful in determining the different virulence phenotypes of the WSSV strains from the Eastern Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramos-Paredes
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Sanidad Acuícola, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México
| | - J M Grijalva-Chon
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - J C Ibarra-Gámez
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Sanidad Acuícola, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México
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21
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Fusion of flagellin 2 with bivalent white spot syndrome virus vaccine increases survival in freshwater shrimp. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 144:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Kao D, Lai AG, Stamataki E, Rosic S, Konstantinides N, Jarvis E, Di Donfrancesco A, Pouchkina-Stancheva N, Sémon M, Grillo M, Bruce H, Kumar S, Siwanowicz I, Le A, Lemire A, Eisen MB, Extavour C, Browne WE, Wolff C, Averof M, Patel NH, Sarkies P, Pavlopoulos A, Aboobaker A. The genome of the crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis, a model for animal development, regeneration, immunity and lignocellulose digestion. eLife 2016; 5:20062. [PMID: 27849518 PMCID: PMC5111886 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The amphipod crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis is a blossoming model system for studies of developmental mechanisms and more recently regeneration. We have sequenced the genome allowing annotation of all key signaling pathways, transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs that will enhance ongoing functional studies. Parhyale is a member of the Malacostraca clade, which includes crustacean food crop species. We analysed the immunity related genes of Parhyale as an important comparative system for these species, where immunity related aquaculture problems have increased as farming has intensified. We also find that Parhyale and other species within Multicrustacea contain the enzyme sets necessary to perform lignocellulose digestion ('wood eating'), suggesting this ability may predate the diversification of this lineage. Our data provide an essential resource for further development of Parhyale as an experimental model. The first malacostracan genome will underpin ongoing comparative work in food crop species and research investigating lignocellulose as an energy source. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20062.001 The marine crustacean known as Parhyale hawaiensis is related to prawns, shrimps and crabs and is found at tropical coastlines around the world. This species has recently attracted scientific interest as a possible new model to study how animal embryos develop before birth and, because Parhyale can rapidly regrow lost limbs, how tissues and organs regenerate. Indeed, Parhyale has many characteristics that make it a good model organism, being small, fast-growing and easy to keep and care for in the laboratory. Several research tools have already been developed to make it easier to study Parhyale. This includes the creation of a system for using the popular gene editing technology, CRISPR, in this animal. However, one critical resource that is available for most model organisms was missing; the complete sequence of all the genetic information of this crustacean, also known as its genome, was not available. Kao, Lai, Stamataki et al. have now compiled the Parhyale genome – which is slightly larger than the human genome – and studied its genetics. Analysis revealed that Parhyale has genes that allow it to fully digest plant material. This is unusual because most animals that do this rely upon the help of bacteria. Kao, Lai, Stamataki et al. also identified genes that provide some of the first insights into the immune system of crustaceans, which protects these creatures from diseases. Kao, Lai, Stamataki et al. have provided a resource and findings that could help to establish Parhyale as a popular model organism for studying several ideas in biology, including organ regeneration and embryonic development. Understanding how Parhyale digests plant matter, for example, could progress the biofuel industry towards efficient production of greener energy. Insights from its immune system could also be adapted to make farmed shrimp and prawns more resistant to infections, boosting seafood production. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20062.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Kao
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alvina G Lai
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelia Stamataki
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Virginia, United States
| | - Silvana Rosic
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos Konstantinides
- Institut de Gé nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and É cole Normale Supé rieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Erin Jarvis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | | | | | - Marie Sémon
- Institut de Gé nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and É cole Normale Supé rieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marco Grillo
- Institut de Gé nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and É cole Normale Supé rieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Heather Bruce
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Suyash Kumar
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Virginia, United States
| | - Igor Siwanowicz
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Virginia, United States
| | - Andy Le
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Virginia, United States
| | - Andrew Lemire
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Virginia, United States
| | - Michael B Eisen
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Cassandra Extavour
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - William E Browne
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, United States
| | - Carsten Wolff
- Vergleichende Zoologie, Institut fur Biologie,Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michalis Averof
- Institut de Gé nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and É cole Normale Supé rieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nipam H Patel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Peter Sarkies
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aziz Aboobaker
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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23
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Green TJ, Helbig K, Speck P, Raftos DA. Primed for success: Oyster parents treated with poly(I:C) produce offspring with enhanced protection against Ostreid herpesvirus type I infection. Mol Immunol 2016; 78:113-120. [PMID: 27616590 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is farmed globally. Ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1) causes severe mortalities of farmed C. gigas. Management of OsHV-1 has proven difficult. Oysters treated with poly(I:C) exhibit enhanced protection (EP) against OsHV-1. This chemical treatment is highly effective, but it is not feasible to treat every oyster on a farm. To circumvent this practical limitation, previous studies on arthropods have suggested that EP can be transferred from parents to their offspring (trans-generational EP, TGEP). This suggests that the treatment of relatively few parents could be used to produce large numbers of offspring with TGEP. Here, we investigated TGEP in oysters to test whether it might be used as a cost effective management tool to control OsHV-1. We found that offspring (D-veliger larvae) produced from poly(I:C)-treated parents had double the chance of surviving exposure to OsHV-1 compared to controls. Furthermore, the larvae of poly(I:C)-treated parents contained elevated levels of mRNA encoding a key transcription factor that regulates antiviral immunity (IRF2). Poly(I:C) treatment had no effect on the survival of oyster parents. Hence, the enhanced immunity of their offspring could not be explained by genetic selection, and instead may reflect epigenetic reprogramming or maternal provisioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Green
- Macquarie University, Department of Biological Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay, Mosman, NSW, Australia.
| | - Karla Helbig
- La Trobe University, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Speck
- Flinders University, Department of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David A Raftos
- Macquarie University, Department of Biological Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay, Mosman, NSW, Australia
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24
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Falaise C, François C, Travers MA, Morga B, Haure J, Tremblay R, Turcotte F, Pasetto P, Gastineau R, Hardivillier Y, Leignel V, Mouget JL. Antimicrobial Compounds from Eukaryotic Microalgae against Human Pathogens and Diseases in Aquaculture. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E159. [PMID: 27598176 PMCID: PMC5039530 DOI: 10.3390/md14090159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for novel compounds of marine origin has increased in the last decades for their application in various areas such as pharmaceutical, human or animal nutrition, cosmetics or bioenergy. In this context of blue technology development, microalgae are of particular interest due to their immense biodiversity and their relatively simple growth needs. In this review, we discuss about the promising use of microalgae and microalgal compounds as sources of natural antibiotics against human pathogens but also about their potential to limit microbial infections in aquaculture. An alternative to conventional antibiotics is needed as the microbial resistance to these drugs is increasing in humans and animals. Furthermore, using natural antibiotics for livestock could meet the consumer demand to avoid chemicals in food, would support a sustainable aquaculture and present the advantage of being environmentally friendly. Using natural and renewable microalgal compounds is still in its early days, but considering the important research development and rapid improvement in culture, extraction and purification processes, the valorization of microalgae will surely extend in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Falaise
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Université du Maine, Avenue O. Messiaen, Le Mans 72085, France.
| | - Cyrille François
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue Mus de Loup, La Tremblade 17390, France.
| | - Marie-Agnès Travers
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue Mus de Loup, La Tremblade 17390, France.
| | - Benjamin Morga
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue Mus de Loup, La Tremblade 17390, France.
| | - Joël Haure
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue Mus de Loup, La Tremblade 17390, France.
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - François Turcotte
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - Pamela Pasetto
- UMR CNRS 6283 Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Université du Maine, Avenue O. Messiaen, Le Mans 72085, France.
| | - Romain Gastineau
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Université du Maine, Avenue O. Messiaen, Le Mans 72085, France.
| | - Yann Hardivillier
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Université du Maine, Avenue O. Messiaen, Le Mans 72085, France.
| | - Vincent Leignel
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Université du Maine, Avenue O. Messiaen, Le Mans 72085, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Mouget
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Université du Maine, Avenue O. Messiaen, Le Mans 72085, France.
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25
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Afsharnasab M, Kakoolaki S, Mohammadidost M. Immunity enhancement with administration of Gracilaria corticata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to gamma irradiation in expose to WSSV in shrimp, in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei: A comparative study. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:21-33. [PMID: 27377028 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the efficacy of Gracilaria corticata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and gamma irradiation WSSV as immunostimulants to white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Seven hundred and twenty healthy shrimp SPF L. vannamei subadult with average weight of 10 ± 1.02 g were collected and divided into 8 groups. The first group (T1) was fed with commercial pellet, the second group (T2) fed with S. cerevisiae (2 g/kg), the third group (T3) fed with G. corticata powder mixed with shrimp feed (2 g/kg) and, finally, the fourth group (T4) was fed with commercial pellet and injected intramuscularly gamma irradiant WSSV (1 μl/gbw) for 10 days. The shrimps were then injected with WSSV and maintained for 25 days. The positive control group for each treatment was maintained in the same manner but without injection with WSSV. Moreover, survival rate and immune parameters such as total hemocyte count (THC), total protein plasma (TPP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity and phenoloxidase activity (PO) were determined. Results indicated that the survival rates for groups T4, T3 T2 and T1 were 57.05 ± 3.52%, 22.5 ± 0.5%, 15 ± 1.05% and 00.0 ± 0%, respectively. Ultimately, at the end of the study the shrimp group T4 showed higher hematological data: THC, TPP, SOD, POD and PO. The study concluded that gamma irradiant WSSV is effective immunostimulants in shrimp L. vannamei and the immunity has better performances than those of the G. corticata and S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afsharnasab
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health & Diseases, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Org.(AREEO), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Tehran-Karaj High Way, Sarve Azad Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Shapour Kakoolaki
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health & Diseases, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Org.(AREEO), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Tehran-Karaj High Way, Sarve Azad Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Mohammadidost
- Department of Health, Aquatic Animal Health and Disease, South Iranian Aquaculture Center, Ahvaz, Iran
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26
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Advances, challenges, and directions in shrimp disease control: the guidelines from an ecological perspective. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6947-54. [PMID: 27333908 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High-density aquaculture has led to increasing occurrences of diseases in shrimp. Thus, it is imperative to establish effective and quantitative strategies for preventing and predicting these diseases. Water quality indices and investigations of specific pathogen abundance provide only a qualitative evaluation of the risk of shrimp disease and can be inaccurate. To address these shortcomings, we introduced intestinal indicative assemblages as independent variables with which to quantitatively predict incidences of shrimp disease. Given the ignorance regarding the niches differences in the shrimp intestine throughout its developmental stages, the use of probiotics in aquaculture has had limited success. Therefore, we propose the exploration of effective probiotic bacteria from shrimp intestinal flora and the establishment of therapeutic strategies dependent on shrimp age. Following ecological selection principles, we hypothesize that the larval stage provides the best opportunity to establish a desired gut microbiota through preemptive colonization of the treated rearing water with known probiotics. To employ this strategy, however, substantial barriers must be overcome.
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27
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Chen LH, Lin SW, Liu KF, Chang CI, Hseu JR, Tsai JM. Comparative proteomic analysis of Litopenaeus vannamei gills after vaccination with two WSSV structural proteins. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:306-314. [PMID: 26766180 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most devastating viral pathogens of cultured shrimp worldwide. Recently published papers show the ability of WSSV structural protein VP28 to vaccinate shrimp and raise protection against the virus. This study attempted to identify the joining proteins of the aforementioned shrimp quasi-immune response by proteomic analysis. The other envelope protein, VP36B, was used as the non-protective subunit vaccine control. Shrimp were intramuscularly injected with rVPs or PBS on day 1 and day 4 and then on day 7 their gill tissues were sampled. The two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) patterns of gill proteins between vaccinated and PBS groups were compared and 20 differentially expressed proteins identified by mass spectrometry, some of which were validated in gill and hemocyte tissues using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Many of identified proteins and their expression levels also linked with the shrimp response during WSSV infection. The list of up-regulated protein spots found exclusively in rVP28-vaccinated shrimp include calreticulin and heat shock protein 70 with chaperone properties, ubiquitin, and others. The two serine proteases, chymotrypsin and trypsin, were significantly increased in shrimp of both vaccinated groups compared to PBS controls. The information presented here should be useful for gaining insight into invertebrate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hao Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shi-Wei Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Fu Liu
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Pingtung, 92845, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-I Chang
- Aquaculture Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Keelung, 20246, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jinn-Rong Hseu
- Mariculture Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Tainan, 72453, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jyh-Ming Tsai
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan, ROC.
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28
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Kennedy DA, Kurath G, Brito IL, Purcell MK, Read AF, Winton JR, Wargo AR. Potential drivers of virulence evolution in aquaculture. Evol Appl 2016; 9:344-54. [PMID: 26834829 PMCID: PMC4721074 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are economically detrimental to aquaculture, and with continued expansion and intensification of aquaculture, the importance of managing infectious diseases will likely increase in the future. Here, we use evolution of virulence theory, along with examples, to identify aquaculture practices that might lead to the evolution of increased pathogen virulence. We identify eight practices common in aquaculture that theory predicts may favor evolution toward higher pathogen virulence. Four are related to intensive aquaculture operations, and four others are related specifically to infectious disease control. Our intention is to make aquaculture managers aware of these risks, such that with increased vigilance, they might be able to detect and prevent the emergence and spread of increasingly troublesome pathogen strains in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kennedy
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics Departments of Biology and Entomology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA; Fogarty International Center National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Gael Kurath
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center Seattle WA USA
| | - Ilana L Brito
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
| | - Maureen K Purcell
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center Seattle WA USA
| | - Andrew F Read
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics Departments of Biology and Entomology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA; Fogarty International Center National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - James R Winton
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center Seattle WA USA
| | - Andrew R Wargo
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science College of William and Mary Gloucester Point VA USA
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29
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Brown T, Rodriguez-Lanetty M. Defending against pathogens - immunological priming and its molecular basis in a sea anemone, cnidarian. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17425. [PMID: 26628080 PMCID: PMC4667181 DOI: 10.1038/srep17425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cnidarians, in general, are long-lived organisms and hence may repeatedly encounter common pathogens during their lifespans. It remains unknown whether these early diverging animals possess some type of immunological reaction that strengthens the defense response upon repeated infections, such as that described in more evolutionary derived organisms. Here we show results that sea anemones that had previously encountered a pathogen under sub-lethal conditions had a higher survivorship during a subsequently lethal challenge than naïve anemones that encountered the pathogen for the first time. Anemones subjected to the lethal challenge two and four weeks after the sub-lethal exposure presented seven- and five-fold increases in survival, respectively, compared to the naïve anemones. However, anemones challenged six weeks after the sub-lethal exposure showed no increase in survivorship. We argue that this short-lasting priming of the defense response could be ecologically relevant if pathogen encounters are restricted to short seasons characterized by high stress. Furthermore, we discovered significant changes in proteomic profiles between naïve sea anemones and those primed after pathogen exposure suggesting a clear molecular signature associated with immunological priming in cnidarians. Our findings reveal that immunological priming may have evolved much earlier in the tree of life than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami FL 33199
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30
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Lazado CC, Caipang CMA, Estante EG. Prospects of host-associated microorganisms in fish and penaeids as probiotics with immunomodulatory functions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:2-12. [PMID: 25703713 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic animals harbor a great number of microorganisms with interesting biological and biochemical diversity. Besides serving as the natural defense system of the host, the utilization potential of this microbial association has been identified particularly as reservoirs of candidate probiotics. Host-derived probiotics have gained popularity in recent years as they offer an alternative source of beneficial microbes to the industry that is customarily dependent on the use of terrestrial microorganisms. At present, there is an overwhelming number of candidate probiotics in aquaculture but their large-scale application is restricted by bio-technological concerns and fragmentary documented probiotic actions. This paper presents the current understanding on the use of probiotics as a sustainable alternative that promotes health and welfare in fish and penaeids. In particular, this paper discusses the relevance of host microbiota and its potential as a source of candidate probiotics. It also revisits the interaction between probiotics and host immunity to provide the foundation of the immunomodulatory functions of host-derived probiotics. Several studies demonstrating the immunomodulatory capabilities of host-derived candidate probiotics are given to establish the current knowledge and provide avenues for future research and development in this thematic area of probiotics research in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo C Lazado
- Section for Aquaculture, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, North Sea Science Park, 9850, Hirtshals, Denmark.
| | | | - Erish G Estante
- Institute of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 5023 Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines
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31
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Christiaens O, Delbare D, Van Neste C, Cappelle K, Yu N, De Wilde R, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Cooreman K, Smagghe G. Differential transcriptome analysis of the common shrimp Crangon crangon: special focus on the nuclear receptors and RNAi-related genes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 212:163-77. [PMID: 24971805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The decapod Crangon crangon is one of the most valuable European fisheries commodities. Despite its economic importance, little sequence data is available for this shrimp species. In this paper, we report the transcriptome sequencing for five different stages of C. crangon (early embryo, late embryo, larva, female adults and male adults) and the annotation and stage-specific expression analysis of nuclear receptors (NRs) and RNA interference (RNAi)-related genes. The NRs are transcription factors that play an essential role in growth, development, cell differentiation, molting/metamorphosis and reproduction, while the RNAi-related genes are very important for internal gene expression regulation and in antiviral defense. We discovered a NR in the female C. crangon which is either a very rapidly evolved homolog of HR10, or a novel NR altogether. This new NR could act as a biological marker for sex determination as it is not expressed in male adults. Most RNAi-related genes were present in C. crangon, proving that the requirements for successful RNAi is present in this decapod shrimp. RNAi-based applications in Crangon such as its use in functional genomics or as antiviral therapeutics could become very important in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Christiaens
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daan Delbare
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Fisheries, Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Neste
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kaat Cappelle
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben De Wilde
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Fisheries, Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Cooreman
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Fisheries, Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Ng TH, Chiang YA, Yeh YC, Wang HC. Reprint of "review of Dscam-mediated immunity in shrimp and other arthropods". DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 48:306-314. [PMID: 25083806 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although true adaptive immunity is only found in vertebrates, there is increasing evidence that shrimp and other arthropods exhibit immune specificity and immune memory. The invertebrate immune response is now called "innate immunity with specificity" or "immune priming", and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. However, while vertebrate antibodies have no invertebrate homolog, the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam), which is a hypervariable protein created by alternative splicing, can function as a pathogen-specific recognizing molecule in arthropods. Here we review our current understanding of the Dscam-mediated immune responses in arthropods, especially in shrimp, and show that Dscam may be involved in both general innate immunity and the pathogen-specific immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Hann Ng
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chiang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Ng TH, Chiang YA, Yeh YC, Wang HC. Review of Dscam-mediated immunity in shrimp and other arthropods. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:129-138. [PMID: 24727482 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although true adaptive immunity is only found in vertebrates, there is increasing evidence that shrimp and other arthropods exhibit immune specificity and immune memory. The invertebrate immune response is now called "innate immunity with specificity" or "immune priming", and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. However, while vertebrate antibodies have no invertebrate homolog, the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam), which is a hypervariable protein created by alternative splicing, can function as a pathogen-specific recognizing molecule in arthropods. Here we review our current understanding of the Dscam-mediated immune responses in arthropods, especially in shrimp, and show that Dscam may be involved in both general innate immunity and the pathogen-specific immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Hann Ng
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chiang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Ng TH, Hung HY, Chiang YA, Lin JH, Chen YN, Chuang YC, Wang HC. WSSV-induced crayfish Dscam shows durable immune behavior. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:78-90. [PMID: 24973514 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the major gaps in our understanding of arthropod specific immune priming concerns the mechanism[s] by which the observed long-term (>2 weeks) protective effects might be mediated. Hypervariable Dscam (Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule) might support arthropod innate immunity with specificity for more extended periods. We show here that, in the relatively long-lived arthropod Cherax quadricarinatus, CqDscam does not behave like a typical, immediately-acting, short-lived innate immune factor: CqDscam was not induced within hours after challenge with a lethal virus, but instead was only up-regulated after 2-5 days. This initial response faded within ∼ 2 weeks, but another maximum was reached ∼ 1 month later. At around 2 months after the initial challenge, the virus-induced CqDscam bound to the virus virion and acted to neutralize the virus However, although CqDscam helped crayfish to survive during persistent infection, it nevertheless failed to provide any enhanced protection against a subsequent WSSV challenge. Thus, CqDscam is capable of supporting extended anti-virus immune memory in arthropods. Also, during a persistent virus infection, the balance of "immune firepower" in crayfish appears to be altered such that the general immune factors become depleted while CqDscam becomes relatively predominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Hann Ng
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chiang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ning Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chu Chuang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Green TJ, Benkendorff K, Robinson N, Raftos D, Speck P. Anti-viral gene induction is absent upon secondary challenge with double-stranded RNA in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 39:492-497. [PMID: 24945571 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Oyster farming is one of the most important aquaculture industries in the world. However, its productivity is increasingly limited by viral disease and we do not yet have management practices, such as protective vaccination, that can control these disease outbreaks. Hence, in the current study we investigated the expression of known anti-viral genes in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in response to primary and secondary encounter with a virus associated molecular pattern (dsRNA), and tested whether a common form of epigenetic gene regulation (DNA methylation) was associated with the expression of these anti-viral genes. Injection of dsRNA into the adductor muscle resulted in the rapid and transient expression of virus recognition receptors (TLR & MDA5), whereas several anti-viral signalling (IRF & SOC-1) and effector (PKR & viperin) genes were still up-regulated at one week post primary challenge (p < 0.05). This primary encounter with dsRNA appeared to deplete the immune system because anti-viral gene induction was absent in the gills when oysters were given a second injection of dsRNA at 1-week post-primary injection. The expression of DNA methylation genes (DNMT1, DNMT3b, TDG, TET2) and DNA methylation profiles up-stream of specific anti-viral genes (STING, SOC-1 & Viperin) did not change in response to dsRNA injection (p > 0.05). These results collectively suggest that C. gigas does not have an enhanced anti-viral gene response (immune-priming) to secondary dsRNA challenge and that the sustained up-regulation of anti-viral signalling and effector genes following primary challenge is unlikely to be associated with upstream DNA methylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Green
- School of Biological Sciences and Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Nick Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences and Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Nofima, P.O. Box 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - David Raftos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Peter Speck
- School of Biological Sciences and Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Wang L, Sun X, Zhou Z, Zhang T, Yi Q, Liu R, Wang M, Song L. The promotion of cytoskeleton integration and redox in the haemocyte of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei after the successive stimulation of recombinant VP28. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 45:123-132. [PMID: 24594136 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
VP28 protein has been reported to work as a "vaccine" to protect the host from white spot syndrome, but the detailed mechanism of vaccination with VP28 protein in shrimp is still far from well understood. In the present study, whole transcriptomes of shrimp haemocytes were sequenced using the SOLiD4 platform after the successive VP28 stimulation. Eight single-end fragment libraries were constructed and sequenced in the four groups including the VP28-VP28, PBS-VP28, PBS-PBS and BLANK group, and there were 243,949,667 single-end reads with length of 50bp obtained totally, with 14,800 genes further identified. After reads mapping and transcript assembling, 1027, 1539, 1158, 1091 and 1300 genes in five differentially expressed gene lists were obtained in the comparison of VP28-VP28 versus PBS-VP28, VP28-VP28 versus PBS-PBS, VP28-VP28 versus BLANK, PBS-VP28 versus PBS-PBS and PBS-VP28 versus BLANK, respectively. There were 555 differentially expressed genes responsive to the single VP28 stimulation after grouping the PBS-VP28_BLANK and PBS-VP28_PBS-PBS gene lists, and 269 ones responsive to the successive VP28 stimulation after grouping the VP28-VP28_BLANK, VP28-VP28_PBS-PBS and VP28-VP28_PBS-VP28 gene lists. In the GO enrichment analysis of the genes responsive to the single VP28 stimulation, five immune-related GO terms were observed among 14 increased terms, which included defense response to bacterium, response to stimulus, disruption of cells of other organism, killing of cells of other organism and response to bacterium. It was worth noting that the GO terms, response to stimulus and response to stress, were the most common annotation ones which accounted 28.7% and 18.8% of the total differently expressed genes, respectively. For the genes responsive to the successive VP28 stimulation, terms including actin filament-based movement and myosin heavy chain binding were mostly enriched in the Biological Process and Molecular Function category, respectively. In the Cellular Component category, the enriched GO terms were myosin VII complex, myosin V complex, myosin VI complex and myosin II complex. Furthermore, the most abundant GO term was oxidation-reduction process, followed by single-organism transport, neurogenesis and translation for 214 genes only responsive to successive VP28 stimulation. These results collectively indicated that the successive VP28 stimulation could modulate cytoskeleton integration and redox to promote the phagocytosis activity of shrimp haemocytes, which might protect effectively for shrimp against WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Kulkarni AD, Kiron V, Rombout JHWM, Brinchmann MF, Fernandes JMO, Sudheer NS, Singh BIS. Protein profiling in the gut of Penaeus monodon gavaged with oral WSSV-vaccines and live white spot syndrome virus. Proteomics 2014; 14:1660-73. [PMID: 24782450 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a pathogen that causes considerable mortality of the farmed shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Candidate 'vaccines', WSSV envelope protein VP28 and formalin-inactivated WSSV, can provide short-lived protection against the virus. In this study, P. monodon was orally intubated with the aforementioned vaccine candidates, and protein expression in the gut of immunised shrimps was profiled. The alterations in protein profiles in shrimps infected orally with live-WSSV were also examined. Seventeen of the identified proteins in the vaccine and WSSV-intubated shrimps varied significantly compared to those in the control shrimps. These proteins, classified under exoskeletal, cytoskeletal, immune-related, intracellular organelle part, intracellular calcium-binding or energy metabolism, are thought to directly or indirectly affect shrimp's immunity. The changes in the expression levels of crustacyanin, serine proteases, myosin light chain, and ER protein 57 observed in orally vaccinated shrimp may probably be linked to immunoprotective responses. On the other hand, altered expression of proteins linked to exoskeleton, calcium regulation and energy metabolism in WSSV-intubated shrimps is likely to symbolise disturbances in calcium homeostasis and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amod D Kulkarni
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland, Bodø, Norway
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Xu J, Cherry S. Viruses and antiviral immunity in Drosophila. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 42:67-84. [PMID: 23680639 PMCID: PMC3826445 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Viral pathogens present many challenges to organisms, driving the evolution of a myriad of antiviral strategies to combat infections. A wide variety of viruses infect invertebrates, including both natural pathogens that are insect-restricted, and viruses that are transmitted to vertebrates. Studies using the powerful tools in the model organism Drosophila have expanded our understanding of antiviral defenses against diverse viruses. In this review, we will cover three major areas. First, we will describe the tools used to study viruses in Drosophila. Second, we will survey the major viruses that have been studied in Drosophila. And lastly, we will discuss the well-characterized mechanisms that are active against these diverse pathogens, focusing on non-RNAi mediated antiviral mechanisms. Antiviral RNAi is discussed in another paper in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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40
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Bolte S, Roth O, Philipp EER, Saphörster J, Rosenstiel P, Reusch TBH. Specific immune priming in the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. Biol Lett 2013; 9:20130864. [PMID: 24257875 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific immune priming enables an induced immune response upon repeated pathogen encounter. As a functional analogue to vertebrate immune memory, such adaptive plasticity has been described, for instance, in insects and crustaceans. However, towards the base of the metazoan tree our knowledge about the existence of specific immune priming becomes scattered. Here, we exposed the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi repeatedly to two different bacterial epitopes (Gram-positive or -negative) and measured gene expression. Ctenophores experienced either the same bacterial epitope twice (homologous treatments) or different bacterial epitopes (heterologous treatments). Our results demonstrate that immune gene expression depends on earlier bacterial exposure. We detected significantly different expression upon heterologous compared with homologous bacterial treatment at three immune activator and effector genes. This is the first experimental evidence for specific immune priming in Ctenophora and generally in non-bilaterian animals, hereby adding to our growing notion of plasticity in innate immune systems across all animal phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Bolte
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, , Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel 24105, Germany
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41
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Labreuche Y, Warr GW. Insights into the antiviral functions of the RNAi machinery in penaeid shrimp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1002-1010. [PMID: 22732509 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, RNA interference pathways have emerged in eukaryotes as critical regulators of many diverse biological functions including, among others, transcriptional gene regulation, post-transcriptional gene silencing, heterochromatin remodelling, suppression of transposon activity, and antiviral defences. Although this gene silencing process has been reported to be relatively well conserved in species of different phyla, there are important discrepancies between plants, invertebrates and mammals. In penaeid shrimp, the existence of an intact and functional RNAi machinery is supported by a rapidly growing body of evidence. However, the extent to which this process participates to the host immune responses remains poorly defined in this non-model organism. This review summarizes our current knowledge of RNAi mechanisms in shrimp and focuses on their implication in antiviral activities and shrimp immune defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Labreuche
- IFREMER, Département Lagons, Ecosystèmes et Aquaculture Durable en Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP 2059, 98846 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia, France.
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42
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Lima PC, Harris JO, Cook M. Exploring RNAi as a therapeutic strategy for controlling disease in aquaculture. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:729-743. [PMID: 23276883 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic animal diseases are one of the most significant constraints to the development and management of aquaculture worldwide. As a result, measures to combat diseases of fish and shellfish have assumed a high priority in many aquaculture-producing countries. RNA interference (RNAi), a natural mechanism for post-transcriptional silencing of homologous genes by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), has emerged as a powerful tool not only to investigate the function of specific genes, but also to suppress infection or replication of many pathogens that cause severe economic losses in aquaculture. However, despite the enormous potential as a novel therapeutical approach, many obstacles must still be overcome before RNAi therapy finds practical application in aquaculture, largely due to the potential for off-target effects and the difficulties in providing safe and effective delivery of RNAi molecules in vivo. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge of RNAi as an experimental tool, as well as the concerns and challenges ahead for the application of such technology to combat infectious disease of farmed aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C Lima
- CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, C/-CSIRO Livestock Industries, QBP, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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Yang JY, Chang CI, Liu KF, Hseu JR, Chen LH, Tsai JM. Viral resistance and immune responses of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei vaccinated by two WSSV structural proteins. Immunol Lett 2012; 148:41-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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44
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Yang G, Xiao X, Yin D, Zhang X. The interaction between viral protein and host actin facilitates the virus infection to host. Gene 2012; 507:139-45. [PMID: 22750318 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the virus-host interaction has attracted extensive studies, the host proteins essential for virus infection remain largely unknown. To address this issue, the shrimp Penaeus stylirostris densovirus (PstDNV), belonging to the family Parvoviridae, was characterized. PstDNV, a single-stranded DNA virus with a 3.9-kb genome, encoded only three open reading frames (ORFs). Among the three viral proteins, the PstDNV ORF2-encoded protein was discovered to interact with the shrimp actin, suggesting that the host actin played a very important role in virus infection. The RNAi assays revealed that the ORF2-encoded protein was required for the PstDNV infection. The confocal evidence demonstrated that the interaction between the ORF2-encoded protein and actin was essential for the virus infection. Therefore our study indicated that the manipulation of the host actin cytoskeleton was a necessary strategy for viral pathogens to invade host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Bartholomay LC, Loy DS, Dustin Loy J, Harris D. Nucleic-acid based antivirals: Augmenting RNA interference to ‘vaccinate’ Litopenaeus vannamei. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 110:261-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thagun C, Srisala J, Sritunyalucksana K, Narangajavana J, Sojikul P. Arabidopsis-derived shrimp viral-binding protein, PmRab7 can protect white spot syndrome virus infection in shrimp. J Biotechnol 2012; 161:60-7. [PMID: 22659272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus is currently the leading cause of production losses in the shrimp industry. Penaeus monodon Rab7 protein has been recognized as a viral-binding protein with an efficient protective effect against white spot syndrome infection. Plant-derived recombinant PmRab7 might serve as an alternative source for in-feed vaccination, considering the remarkable abilities of plant expression systems. PmRab7 was introduced into the Arabidopsis thaliana T87 genome. Arabidopsis-derived recombinant PmRab7 showed high binding activity against white spot syndrome virus and a viral envelope, VP28. The growth profile of Arabidopsis suspension culture expressing PmRab7 (ECR21# 35) resembled that of its counterpart. PmRab7 expression in ECR21# 35 reached its maximum level at 5 mg g(-1) dry weight in 12 days, which was higher than those previously reported in Escherichia coli and in Pichia. Co-injection of white spot syndrome virus and Arabidopsis crude extract containing PmRab7 in Litopenaeus vannamei showed an 87% increase in shrimp survival rate at 5 day after injection. In this study, we propose an alternative PmRab7 source with higher production yield, and cheaper culture media costs, that might serve the industry's need for an in-feed supplement against white spot syndrome infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonprakun Thagun
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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47
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Haq MAB, Priya KK, Rajaram R, Vignesh R, Srinivasan M. Real time PCR quantification of WSSV infection in specific pathogen free (SPF) Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) exposed to antiviral nucleotide. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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48
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Haq MAB, Vignesh R, Srinivasan M. Deep insight into white spot syndrome virus vaccines: A review. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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49
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Mu Y, Lan JF, Zhang XW, Wang XW, Zhao XF, Wang JX. A vector that expresses VP28 of WSSV can protect red swamp crayfish from white spot disease. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 36:442-449. [PMID: 21906621 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
White spot disease caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) leads to devastating losses in shrimp farming. The WSSV envelope protein VP28, can be used as subunit vaccines that can efficiently protect shrimp against WSSV disease. However, the function of the envelope protein VP19 was not confirmed, some researches found that VP19 could protect shrimp against WSSV, and other reports found it no any protection. To detect the functions of VP28 and VP19 and find a method to prevent this disease in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, we constructed the plasmid vectors pIevp28 and pIevp19, which contains the ie1 promoter and coding region of vp28 or vp19 of WSSV, respectively. The results of quantitative real-time PCR and western blot showed that the injected vectors could transcribe corresponding mRNAs and translate to the protein VP28 or VP19 in the crayfish. The vp28 or vp19 signal was detected on the third day post injection, and maintained its expression for 30days. The mortality of the crayfish with pIevp28 showed obvious decline compared with the controls (pIe and PBS injection). However, pIevp19 seems did not affect the mortality of the crayfish compared with the controls. Furthermore, only VP28 was found tightly bound to the host haemocytes under immunocytochemistry. The results suggest that the VP28 protein might protect shrimp from the virus through competitive inhibition. We also found that oral administration of Escherichia coli with pIevp28 could protect crayfish from white spot disease, but the E. coli with pIevp19 was not. Therefore, we think that oral administration of bacteria with pIevp28 is a potentially easy therapeutic way against white spot disease in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Labreuche Y, Pallandre L, Ansquer D, Herlin J, Wapotro B, Le Roux F. Pathotyping of Vibrio isolates by multiplex PCR reveals a risk of virulent strain spreading in New Caledonian shrimp farms. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2012; 63:127-138. [PMID: 22001997 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two recurring syndromes threaten the viability of the shrimp industry in New Caledonia, which represents the second largest export business. The "Syndrome 93" is a cold season disease due to Vibrio penaeicida affecting all shrimp farms, while the "Summer Syndrome" is a geographically restricted vibriosis caused by a virulent lineage of Vibrio nigripulchritudo. Microbiological procedures for diagnosis of these diseases are time-consuming and do not have the ability to discriminate the range of virulence potentials of V. nigripulchritudo. In this study, we developed a multiplex PCR method to simultaneously detect these two bacterial species and allow for pathotype discrimination. The detection limits of this assay, that includes an internal amplification control to eliminate any false-negative results, were determined at 10 pg purified DNA and 200 cfu/ml. After confirming the effectiveness of our method using experimentally infected animals, its accuracy was compared to standard biochemical methods during a field survey using 94 samples collected over 3 years from shrimp farms encountering mortality events. The multiplex PCR showed very high specificity for the detection of V. penaeicida and V. nigripulchritudo (inclusivity and exclusivity 100%) and allowed us to detect the spreading of highly pathogenic isolates of V. nigripulchritudo to a farm adjoining the "Summer Syndrome area." This assay represents a simple, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for implementing timely risk management decisions but also understanding the seasonal and geographical distribution of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Labreuche
- Département Lagons, Ecosystèmes et Aquaculture Durable en Nouvelle-Calédonie, IFREMER, Station de St. Vincent, B.P. 2059, 98846, Nouméa cedex, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France.
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