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Gao Y, Yang X, Li X, Chen H, Li Y, Tan X, Yu D, Feng T, Zhou S, Lei S, Zhao C, Wang J, Guan Q. Lot-to-lot consistency, immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent split virion inactivated influenza vaccine in healthy population aged 9-59 years: A randomized, double-blind, controlled, phase IV clinical trial. Vaccine 2024; 42:126182. [PMID: 39116486 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was to assess the lot-to-lot consistency, immunogenicity and safety of three manufacturing lots of a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4). METHODS A randomized, double-blind, phase IV clinical trial was conducted in healthy children, adolescents and adults aged 9-59 years in Guizhou Province, China. Eligible participants were enrolled and randomized into three groups in a ratio of 1:1:1 to receive a single dose of one of three manufacturing lots of IIV4. Serum samples were collected before and 28 days after vaccination for hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody testing. Safety data were collected for up to 28 days after vaccination. The primary objective was to evaluate the lot-to-lot consistency of immune response as assessed by the geometric mean titer (GMT) of HI antibody at 28 days after vaccination. RESULTS Between November 27, 2022 and December 18, 2022, 1260 eligible participants were enrolled, with similar participant demographics among groups. Immune responses after vaccination were comparable across groups, with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of GMT ratios for all 4 strains falling into the equivalence criterion of (0.67, 1.5). The seroconversion rates (SCRs) and seroprotection rates (SPRs) met the US Center or Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) criteria for all strains for each lot (lower limit of 95% CI of SCR ≥ 40% and SPR ≥ 70%). The incidences of solicited and unsolicited adverse reactions were similar among three groups, most of which (91.9%) were mild or moderate in severity. A total of 11 serious adverse events were reported during the study, and all were considered unrelated to vaccination. CONCLUSION The three manufacturing lots of IIV4 demonstrated consistent immunogenicity. IIV4 can elicit satisfactory immune responses for all four strains and no safety concerns were identified. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Identifier No. NCT05512494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxue Gao
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Xiaoyu Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xue Tan
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Tian Feng
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Shiguang Lei
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Chenyan Zhao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Jieru Wang
- Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
| | - Qinghu Guan
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China.
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Shi Y, Yang W, Li X, Chu K, Wang J, Tang R, Xu L, Li L, Hu Y, Zhao C, Pan H. Immunogenicity and Safety of One versus Two Doses of Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (IIV4) in Vaccine-Unprimed Children and One Dose of IIV4 in Vaccine-Primed Children Aged 3-8 Years. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1586. [PMID: 37896989 PMCID: PMC10611167 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Two doses of the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) are generally recommended for children under 9 years old. This study assessed the necessity for a second dose of quadrivalent IIV (IIV4) in children aged 3-8 years. In this randomized, open-label, paralleled-controlled study, 400 children aged 3-8 years who were vaccine-unprimed were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive a two-dose (Group 1) or one-dose (Group 2) regimen of IIV4, and 200 who were vaccine-primed received one dose of IIV4 (Group 3). A serum sample was collected before and 28 days after the last dose to determine the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody level. Adverse events were collected within 28 days after each dose. One-dose or two-doses of IIV4 were well tolerated and safe in children aged 3-8 years, and no serious adverse events related to the vaccine were reported. The seroconversion rates (SCRs) of HI antibody ranged from 61.86% to 95.86%, and the post-vaccination seroprotection rates (SPRs) were all >70% in three groups against the four virus strains. The two-dose regimen in vaccine-unprimed participants (Group 1) achieved similar SPRs in comparison with the one-dose in the vaccine-primed group (Group 3), and the SPRs in Group 1 and Group 3 were higher in vaccine-unprimed participants of the one-dose regimen (Group 2). The present study supports the recommendations of a two-dose regimen for IIV4 use in children aged 3-8 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009,China
| | - Wanqi Yang
- Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Kai Chu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009,China
| | | | - Rong Tang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009,China
| | - Li Xu
- Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lanshu Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yuansheng Hu
- Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chenyan Zhao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Hongxing Pan
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009,China
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Chen J, Jiang F, Zhao C, Chai J, Li L, Guan Q, Li X, Wang F, Li A, Gao H, Wang M, Fu L, Nie F, Ling W, Deng H, Zhou L. Immunogenicity and safety of the quadrivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine in populations aged ≥ 3 years: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority clinical trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2245721. [PMID: 37587615 PMCID: PMC10438852 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2245721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity non-inferiority and safety of the quadrivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine in participants ≥ 3 years old. A total of 3,328 participants were enrolled. Participants 3-8 years old were administered one or two doses of the investigational vaccine or one dose of the control vaccine, whereas the other participants were administered only one dose of the investigational or control vaccine. The immunogenicity and occurrence of adverse events (AEs) after 30 days of full-course vaccination and serious adverse events (SAEs) within 6 months after full-course vaccination were assessed. The sero-conversion rates (SCRs) of anti-H1N1, H3N2, B(Y), and B(V) antibodies in the test group were 74.64%, 87.40%, 82.66%, and 78.89%, respectively, and their geometric mean titers were 1:250.13, 1:394.54, 1:200.84, and 1:94.91, respectively, which were non-inferior to those in the control group. The SCRs and sero-protection rates in the two-dose group of participants 3-8 years old were greater than those in the one-dose group. The incidences of total AEs and adverse reactions in the test group were 31.6% and 21.7%, respectively, which were close to those in the control group. In the two-dose group, the incidence of adverse reactions was considerably lower in the second dose (5.5%) than in the first dose (14.7%). Most AEs were grade 1 in severity, and no SAEs were recorded. The investigational vaccine had immunogenicity non-inferior to the control vaccine, and two doses were more effective than one dose in participants 3-8 years old, with a good overall safety.Trial registration: CTR20200715.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian Aleph Biomedical Co Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute of Immunization Program, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Chenyan Zhao
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chai
- Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian Aleph Biomedical Co Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Lanshu Li
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China
| | - Qinghu Guan
- Institute of Immunization Program, Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China
| | - Feiyu Wang
- Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian Aleph Biomedical Co Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Ansheng Li
- Influenza Vaccine Production Workshop, Dalian Aleph Biomedical Co Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Hongxia Gao
- Quality Control Department, Dalian Aleph Biomedical Co Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian Aleph Biomedical Co Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Liandi Fu
- Influenza Vaccine Production Workshop, Dalian Aleph Biomedical Co Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Fei Nie
- Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian Aleph Biomedical Co Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Weijun Ling
- Scientific Affairs Department, Simoon Record Beijing Co Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Haobin Deng
- Department of Bases Development, Simoon Record Beijing Co Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Economic and Technological Development Zone, Dalian Aleph Biomedical Co Ltd, Dalian, China
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Shenyu W, Xiaoqian D, Bo C, Xuan D, Zeng W, Hangjie Z, Qianhui Z, Zhenzhen L, Chuanfu Y, Juan Y, Gang Z, Huakun L. Safety and Immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) co-administered with an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine: a randomized, open-label, controlled study in healthy adults aged 18 to 59 years in China. Vaccine 2022; 40:5356-5365. [PMID: 35933275 PMCID: PMC9343811 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies are needed for evidence of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine co-administered with influenza vaccine. Methods A randomized, open-label, controlled study was conducted in Zhejiang Province, China. Eligible healthy adults aged 18–59 years underwent randomization at a ratio of 1:1:2 to receive inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (IIV4) either concomitantly with the first (C1 subgroup) or the second (C2 subgroup) dose of CoronaVac, or 14 days after the first dose of CoronaVac (S group). The primary purpose of the study was to prove the non-inferiority in seroconversion rate of antibody against SARS-CoV-2. Results Overall, 480 participants were enrolled, with 120, 120, and 240 randomly assigned to the C1, C2, and S groups, respectively. As lower bound of the two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference for the seroconversion rate of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was over −10%, the immune response for CoronaVac in the C group (93.1% [89.0, 96.0]) was non-inferior to that in the S group (95.2% [91.5, 97.6]) in the per-protocol set. A lower GMT of antibody against SARS-CoV-2 was observed in the C group as compared to the S group (27.5 vs. 38.1, P = 0.0001). Decrease of immune response to CoronaVac was mainly observed in participants received IIV4 concomitantly with their second dose of CoronaVac (C2 subgroup), with a seroconversion rate of 89.7% (95CI: 82.6%-94.5%) and a GMT of 23.3. The occurrences of vaccine related adverse reactions were no more than 20% and comparable among different groups. Most of the adverse reactions were mild and moderate. Conclusion Co-administration of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccine, especially the administration regimen that the seasonal influenza vaccine co-administered with the first dose of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, would be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Shenyu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | | | - Chen Bo
- Kaihua County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou 324300, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Deng Xuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Wang Zeng
- Sinovac Biotech CO., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Zhang Hangjie
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zheng Qianhui
- Kaihua County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou 324300, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Liang Zhenzhen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yan Chuanfu
- Kaihua County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou 324300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Juan
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zeng Gang
- Sinovac Biotech CO., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Lv Huakun
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Influenza vaccines are the most useful strategy for preventing influenza illness, especially in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. For the coming year (2021/2022) all vaccines will be quadrivalent and contain two influenza A strains [(H1N1)pdm09-like and (H3N2)-like viruses] and two influenza B strains (Victoria lineage-like and Yamagata lineage-like viruses). However, the currently licensed have suboptimal efficacy due to the emergence of new strains and vaccine production limitations. In this review, we summarize the current recommendations as well as new advancements in influenza vaccinations. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances have been aimed at moving away from egg-based vaccines and toward cell culture and recombinant vaccines. This removes egg adaptations that decrease vaccine efficacy, removes the reliance on egg availability and decreases the time necessary to manufacture vaccines. However, even more radical changes are needed if we are to reach the ultimate goal of a universal vaccine capable of providing long-lasting protection against all or at least most influenza strains. We discuss various strategies, including using more stable influenza antigens such as the hemagglutinin stalk and internal proteins as well as new adjuvants, new vaccine formulations, and DNA/RNA-based vaccines that are currently being developed. SUMMARY The currently available vaccines have suboptimal efficacy and do not provide adequate protection against drifted and shifted strains. Thus, the development of a universal influenza vaccine that induces long-lasing immunity and protects against a broad range of strains is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Khalil
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David I Bernstein
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Garces KN, Cocores AN, Goadsby PJ, Monteith TS. Headache After Vaccination: An Update on Recent Clinical Trials and Real-World Reporting. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2022; 26:895-918. [PMID: 36418848 PMCID: PMC9685066 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-022-01094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to characterize headache as a vaccine adverse event (VAE) in clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Of the recent phase III vaccine RCTs (non-COVID-19), 53 studies reported on headache (13 infectious agents). The median rate (interquartile range) of headache was 15.6% (IQR: 9.6-37.6%). Of these, 24.5% of the RCTs reported headache greater in the vaccine group compared to the placebo/control group. In the herpes zoster vaccination trials, headache was more common in all active groups: median rate 33.9% (IQR: 29.7-40.5%) as compared to placebo: median rate 17.7% (IQR: 15.4-23.8%). Influenza and HPV vaccination trials were the 2nd and 3rd most common to have headache as a VAE. Of the 6 widely distributed COVID-19 vaccinations, median rate of post-vaccination headache was 39% (IQR: 28-50%). Headache is a common VAE in vaccine trials. Standardized grading methods, predictors of persistence, and treatment regimens are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly N. Garces
- Division of Headache, Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Alexandra N. Cocores
- Division of Headache, Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Peter J. Goadsby
- NIHR King’s Clinical Research Facility & Headache Group-Wolfson CARD, King’s College London, London, UK ,Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Teshamae S. Monteith
- Division of Headache, Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wu H, Huang L, Yu H, Xie Z, Zhang H, Zhang W, Chen X, Zhang H, Zhang H, Jia C, Xia S, Wang S. Safety and immunogenicity of a quadrivalent inactivated subunit non-adjuvanted influenza vaccine: A randomized, double-blind, active-controlled phase 1 clinical trial. Vaccine 2021; 39:3871-3878. [PMID: 34088505 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Quadrivalent influenza inactivated vaccine (IIV4) is more likely to provide wider protection against yearly circulating influenza viruses than trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3). In this study, a total of 320 participants were allocated to four age cohorts (6-35 months, 3-8 years, 9-17 years, and ≥ 18 years; 80 participants/cohort) according to their actual date of birth. Participants in each cohort were randomly assigned to two groups to receive intramuscular injection of the trial vaccine or the comparative vaccine in a one-dose (3-8 years, 9-17 years,and ≥ 18 years) schedule on day 0 or two-dose (6-35 months cohort) schedule on day 0 and 28. The first objective is to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the full-dose subunit non-adjuvanted IIV4 (FD-subunit NAIIV4) we developed versus an active-control, China-licensed split-virion NAIIV4, in people ≥ 3 years. The second objective is to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of FD-subunit NAIIV4 versus the half-dose (HD-subunit NAIIV4) in toddlers aged 6-35 months. Results showed that all adverse reactions noted were rare, mild, and self-limited. In ≥ 3 years cohorts, systemic adverse reactions in FD-subunit NAIIV4 groups were less than the active control split-virion NAIIV4 groups ([Systemic adverse reaction rates (95%CI)], 15.0 (8.6-21.4) versus 19.2(12.1-26.2), p = 0.391). The overall seroprotection efficacy after vaccination were comparable between FD-subunit NAIIV4 and the active control split-virion NAIIV4([Seroprotection rates (95%CI)], H1N1, 99.2(81.3-100.0) versus 94.9(90.9-98.9), p = 0.117; H3N2, 81.7(74.7-88.6) versus 82.1(75.1-89.0), p = 0.939; BV, 75.8(68.2-83.5) versus 74.4(66.4-82.3), p = 0.793; BY, 94.2(90.0-98.4) versus 92.3(87.5-97.1), p = 0.568). Additionally, FD-subunit NAIIV4 has comparable safety and better seroprotection versus that of the half-dose in 6-35 months toddlers groups ([Total adverse reaction rates (95%CI)], 37.5(18.5-56.5) versus 47.5(26.1-68.9), p = 0.366) ([Seroprotection rates (95%CI)], H1N1, 85(56.4-100.0) versus 75.7(47.6-100.0), p = 0.117; H3N2, 50(28.1-71.9) versus 29.7(12.2-47.3), p = 0.070; BV, 75(48.2-100.0) versus 29.7(12.2-47.3), p < 0.001; BY, 75(48.2-100.0) versus 56.8(32.5-81.0), p = 0.091). As a result, the FD-subunit NAIIV4 we developed is safe and effective to provide broader and adequate protection against the circulating influenza viruses during 2018-2019, which could be an essential component of the global preventive strategy for influenza pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Wang
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Quality Control, Ab&B Biotech Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haofei Wu
- Department of Research and Development, Ab&B Biotech Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Department of Quality Control, Ab&B Biotech Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xie
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Quality Control, Ab&B Biotech Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofen Chen
- Department of Quality Control, Ab&B Biotech Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Research and Development, Ab&B Biotech Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongdong Zhang
- Department of Research and Development, Ab&B Biotech Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyu Jia
- Department of Research and Development, Ab&B Biotech Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengli Xia
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Research and Development, Ab&B Biotech Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Research and Development, Yither Biotech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.
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Tao YY, Li JX, Hu YM, Hu YS, Zeng G, Zhu FC. Quadrivalent influenza vaccine (Sinovac Biotech) for seasonal influenza prophylaxis. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1-11. [PMID: 33434084 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1875823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine (Sinovac Biotech) is a quadrivalent split-virion-inactivated influenza vaccine approved in China in June 2020 for individuals ≥3 years of age. It contains 15 µg hemagglutinin per strain including A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata, which could potentially improve protection against influenza B viruses. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize the development of quadrivalent influenza vaccines in China and foreign countries, and assess the immunogenicity and safety from the phase I and III clinical trials of Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in individuals ≥3 years of age. We also discuss the potential application of Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in young children 6-35 months of age according to the results of the phase III trial. EXPERT COMMENTARY The immunogenicity and safety profiles of Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine containing two A and two B strains were comparable to the trivalent vaccines for the shared strains. The addition of a second B strain to the trivalent vaccine could induce superior immune responses for the alternate B strain. Since the two B strains co-circulated worldwide, the introduction of quadrivalent influenza vaccines has been expected to be a cost-effective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yang Tao
- School of Public Health, Southeast University; Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Xin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue-Mei Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Hu
- Clinical Research Department, Sinovac Biotech Co., LTD., Beijing, China
| | - Gang Zeng
- Clinical Research Department, Sinovac Biotech Co., LTD., Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Cai Zhu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University; Nanjing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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