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Fan YH, Lin YL, Hwang YC, Yang HC, Chiu HC, Chiou SH, Jong MH, Chow KC, Lin CC. T-cell factor-4 and MHC upregulation in pigs receiving a live attenuated classical swine fever virus (CSFV) vaccine strain with interferon-gamma adjuvant. Vet J 2016; 216:148-56. [PMID: 27687943 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The effect of co-administration of interferon (IFN)-γ in pigs undergoing vaccination with an attenuated strain (LPC) of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) was investigated. Unvaccinated pigs demonstrated pyrexia and died 7-9 days after challenge with virulent CSFV. Pigs receiving the attenuated vaccine remained healthy after virus challenge, except for mild, transient pyrexia, whereas pigs receiving IFN-γ simultaneously with the vaccine demonstrated normal body temperatures after virus challenge. Examination by nested RT-PCR revealed greater viral load in the spleens of the pigs vaccinated with the attenuated CSFV, compared with those that had additionally received IFN-γ. Expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II molecules was upregulated in the spleens of the IFN-γ treated vaccinated pigs, demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Based on Western blot analysis, anti-CSFV IgG2 antibodies were elevated in vaccinated pigs by co-administration of IFN-γ (IFN-γ(Hi): P < 0.01; IFN-γ(Lo): P <0.05). By employing the suppression subtractive hybridization technique, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry, T-cell factor-4 (Tcf-4) mRNA and protein expression were found to be upregulated in the spleens of vaccinated pigs that had received IFN-γ. This study suggests involvement of Tcf-4 in IFN-γ-mediated immune regulation following CSFV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Fan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Y-L Lin
- Epidemiology Research Division, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tamsui, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Y-C Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - H-C Yang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - H-C Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - S-H Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - M-H Jong
- Hog Cholera Division, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tamsui, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - K-C Chow
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - C-C Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
A large range of human viruses are associated with the development of arthritis or arthralgia. Although there are many parallels with autoimmune arthritides, there is little evidence that viral arthritides lead to autoimmune disease. In humans viral arthritides usually last from weeks to months, can be debilitating, and are usually treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but with variable success. Viral arthritides likely arise from immunopathological inflammatory responses directed at viruses and/or their products residing and/or replicating within joint tissues. Macrophages recruited by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and activated by interferon, and proinflammatory mediators like tumour necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1beta appear to be common elements in this group of diseases. The challenge for new treatments is to target excessive inflammation without compromising anti-viral immunity. Recent evidence from mouse models suggests targeting MCP-1 or complement may emerge as viable new treatment options for viral arthritides.
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