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Cortes LM, Brodsky D, Chen C, Pridgen T, Odle J, Snider DB, Cruse G, Putikova A, Masuda MY, Doyle AD, Wright BL, Dawson HD, Blikslager A, Dellon ES, Laster SM, Käser T. Immunologic and pathologic characterization of a novel swine biomedical research model for eosinophilic esophagitis. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:1029184. [PMID: 36452260 PMCID: PMC9701751 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1029184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergy-mediated condition with an increasing incidence in both children and adults. Despite EoE's strong impact on human health and welfare, there is a large unmet need for treatments with only one recently FDA-approved medication for EoE. The goal of this study was to establish swine as a relevant large animal model for translational biomedical research in EoE with the potential to facilitate development of therapeutics. We recently showed that after intraperitoneal sensitization and oral challenge with the food allergen hen egg white protein (HEWP), swine develop esophageal eosinophilia-a hallmark of human EoE. Herein, we used a similar sensitization and challenge treatment and evaluated immunological and pathological markers associated with human EoE. Our data demonstrate that the incorporated sensitization and challenge treatment induces (i) a systemic T-helper 2 and IgE response, (ii) a local expression of eotaxin-1 and other allergy-related immune markers, (iii) esophageal eosinophilia (>15 eosinophils/0.24 mm2), and (iv) esophageal endoscopic findings including linear furrows and white exudates. Thereby, we demonstrate that our sensitization and oral challenge protocol not only induces the underlying immune markers but also the micro- and macro-pathological hallmarks of human EoE. This swine model for EoE represents a novel relevant large animal model that can drive translational biomedical research to develop urgently needed treatment strategies for EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizette M Cortes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Center for Food Allergy Modeling in Pigs (CFAMP), Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - David Brodsky
- Center for Food Allergy Modeling in Pigs (CFAMP), Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Celine Chen
- USDA, ARS, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Tiffany Pridgen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jack Odle
- Center for Food Allergy Modeling in Pigs (CFAMP), Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Douglas B Snider
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Glenn Cruse
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Arina Putikova
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Mia Y Masuda
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Alfred D Doyle
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Benjamin L Wright
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States.,Section of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Pulmonology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Harry D Dawson
- USDA, ARS, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Anthony Blikslager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Evan S Dellon
- Center for Food Allergy Modeling in Pigs (CFAMP), Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Scott M Laster
- Center for Food Allergy Modeling in Pigs (CFAMP), Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Tobias Käser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Center for Food Allergy Modeling in Pigs (CFAMP), Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Käser T. Swine as biomedical animal model for T-cell research-Success and potential for transmittable and non-transmittable human diseases. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:95-115. [PMID: 33873098 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Swine is biologically one of the most relevant large animal models for biomedical research. With its use as food animal that can be exploited as a free cell and tissue source for research and its high susceptibility to human diseases, swine additionally represent an excellent option for both the 3R principle and One Health research. One of the previously most limiting factors of the pig model was its arguably limited immunological toolbox. Yet, in the last decade, this toolbox has vastly improved including the ability to study porcine T-cells. This review summarizes the swine model for biomedical research with focus on T cells. It first contrasts the swine model to the more commonly used mouse and non-human primate model before describing the current capabilities to characterize and extend our knowledge on porcine T cells. Thereafter, it not only reflects on previous biomedical T-cell research but also extends into areas in which more in-depth T-cell analyses could strongly benefit biomedical research. While the former should inform on the successes of biomedical T-cell research in swine, the latter shall inspire swine T-cell researchers to find collaborations with researchers working in other areas - such as nutrition, allergy, cancer, transplantation, infectious diseases, or vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Käser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, 27607 Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Effect of heat-killed Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharide, and muramyl dipeptide treatments on the immune response phenotype and allergy in neonatal pigs sensitized to the egg white protein ovomucoid. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:1955-64. [PMID: 23081818 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00555-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Predisposition to food allergies may reflect a type 2 immune response (IR) bias in neonates due to the intrauterine environment required to maintain pregnancy. The hygiene hypothesis states that lack of early environmental stimulus leading to inappropriate development and bias in IR may also contribute. Here, the ability of heat-killed Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or muramyl dipeptide (MDP) to alter IR bias and subsequent allergic response in neonatal pigs was investigated. Three groups of three litters of pigs (12 pigs/litter) were given intramuscular injections of E. coli, LPS, MDP, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (control) and subsequently sensitized to the egg white allergen ovomucoid using an established protocol. To evaluate change in IR bias, immunoglobulin isotype-associated antibody activity (AbA), concentrations of type 1 and 2 and proinflammatory cytokines released from mitogen-stimulated blood mononuclear cells, and the percentage of T-regulatory cells (T-regs) in blood were measured. Clinical signs of allergy were assessed after oral challenge with egg white. The greatest effect on IR bias was observed in MDP-treated pigs, which had a type 2-biased phenotype by isotype-specific AbA, cytokine production, and a low proportion of T-regs. LPS-treated pigs had decreased type 1- and type 2-associated AbA. E. coli-treated pigs displayed increased response to Ovm as AbA and had more balanced cytokine profiles, as well as the highest proportion of T-regs. Accordingly, pigs treated with MDP were more susceptible to allergy than PBS controls, while pigs treated with LPS were less susceptible. Treatment with E. coli did not significantly alter the frequency of clinical signs.
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Rupa P, Mine Y. Recent advances in the role of probiotics in human inflammation and gut health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8249-8256. [PMID: 22897745 DOI: 10.1021/jf301903t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract provides residence to an astounding number of bacterial species, which have profound effects on host biology, function, physiology, and immune response. Discovery of "symbiosis factors" from symbionts that facilitate the peaceful coexistence of microbiota and the host immune system are of interest. Symbionts synthesize immunomodulatory molecules that guide maturation of the immune system and have pivotal roles in many biological processes; however, individuals differ in the makeup of their GI microbiota, which is influenced by many external and internal factors such as diet, antibiotic use, and host genetics, which in turn influences health and disease outcomes. Various endogenous, genetic, and environmental factors influence GI development including species composition and health status of neonates, resulting in interactions that occur between the bacteria and the host. Mechanisms of probiotics involved in homeostasis of a balanced immune system have been inconclusive. The probable mechanism of action may be postulated as direct competition between pathogenic bacteria in the gut and/or immune modulation. This review focuses on probiotics in health and disease prevention, especially the biological importance of intestinal regulation of inflammatory processes that may be beneficial in a multitude of disorders both inside and outside the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithy Rupa
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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