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Shehata AA, Tarabees R, Elsayed M, Wareth G, Basiouni S. Development of Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine candidate based on streptomycin independent suppressor and metabolic drift rifampicin resistance-attenuating markers. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04810. [PMID: 32923728 PMCID: PMC7475269 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most frequent food-borne pathogens and remains public health threat globally. The control of Salmonella in poultry, the main reservoir of non-typhoidal salmonellae, is a fundamental approach to ensure the safety of poultry products for human consumption. In the present study, a new live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis vaccine candidate containing three attenuating markers based on streptomycin-independent (Sm-id) suppressor, and metabolic drift antibiotic resistance (MD- “res”) was developed. The streptomycin dependent (Smd) mutants were derived from Salmonella Enteritidis wild-type strain using streptomycin. Then the Sm-id mutants were derived from the isolated Smd mutants and designated “Smd→Sm-id”. A third MD- “res” marker was generated from Smd→Sm-id using rifampicin (Rif) and designated “Smd→Sm-id→Rif”. The colony sizes of these mutants were stable after more than 50 serial passages on blood agar; reversion to virulence can be almost excluded. The safety and efficacy of Smd→Sm-id and Smd→Sm-id→Rif were evaluated in one-day-old commercial layer chicks. Both mutants proved to be safe in terms of clinical signs, mortalities, lesion scores of visceral organs and rapid clearance when administered orally at a dose of 108 colony forming unit (CFU), whereas birds inoculated with 108 CFU Salmonella Enteritidis wild-type strain showed diarrhea, mortalities (3/40) and necrosis in liver and spleen. Chickens vaccinated with the developed mutants showed no seroconversion; however, wild-type strain induced a significant seroconversion at 3-week-postvaccination (wpv). The developed mutants protected chickens against challenge with 108 CFU of Salmonella Enteritidis wild-type strain at 3-wpv. Vaccinated birds showed neither clinical signs nor mortalities during two-week post-challenge. In addition, the challenge strain could not be detected in pooled liver and spleen samples (0/5) at 7th day post-inoculation (dpi). However, non-vaccinated challenged birds showed diarrhea and the challenge strain was re-isolated from pooled liver and spleen samples (3/5) at 7th dpi. In conclusion, the developed mutants are safe and fully protected immunized chickens following heterologous challenge. It is obvious that the genetic characterization of these mutants and evaluation of different vaccination regimes are still in demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad A Shehata
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt.,Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, Gödenroth, Germany
| | - Reda Tarabees
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elsayed
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Gamal Wareth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, The Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Shereen Basiouni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736, Toukh, Egypt.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Sharma C, Sankhyan A, Sharma T, Khan N, Chaudhuri S, Kumar N, Bhatnagar S, Khanna N, Tiwari A. A repertoire of high-affinity monoclonal antibodies specific to S. typhi: as potential candidate for improved typhoid diagnostic. Immunol Res 2016; 62:325-40. [PMID: 26023048 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Typhoid fever is a significant global health problem with highest burden on the developing world. The severity of typhoid is often underestimated, and currently available serological diagnostic assays are inadequate due to lack in requisite sensitivity and specificity. This underlines an absolute need to develop a reliable and accurate diagnostics that would benefit long-term disease control and treatment and to understand the real disease burden. Here, we have utilized flagellin protein of S. typhi that is surface accessible, abundantly expressed, and highly immunogenic, for developing immunodiagnostic tests. Flagellin monomers are composed of conserved amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal, and serovar-specific middle region. We have generated a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the middle region of flagellin, purified from large culture of S. typhi to ensure its native conformation. These mAbs showed unique specificity and very high affinity toward S. typhi flagellin without showing any cross-reactivity with other serovars. Genetic analysis of mAbs also revealed high frequency of somatic mutation due to antigenic selection process across variable region to achieve high binding affinity. These antibodies also displayed stable binding in stringent reaction conditions for antigen-antibody interactions, like DMSO, urea, KSCN, guanidinium HCl, and extremes of pH. One of the mAbs potentially reversed the TLR5-mediated immune response, in vitro by inhibiting TLR5-flagellin interaction. In our study, binding of these mAbs to flagellin, with high affinity, present on bacterial surface, as well as in soluble form, validates their potential use in developing improved diagnostics with significantly higher sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandresh Sharma
- Centre for Bio-design and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
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Gustavsson M, Do TH, Lüthje P, Tran NT, Brauner A, Samuelson P, Truong NH, Larsson G. Improved cell surface display of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis antigens in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:47. [PMID: 25889453 PMCID: PMC4415288 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is one of the most potent pathogenic Salmonella serotypes causing food-borne diseases in humans. We have previously reported the use of the β-autotransporter AIDA-I to express the Salmonella flagellar protein H:gm and the SE serotype-specific fimbrial protein SefA at the surface of E. coli as live bacterial vaccine vehicles. While SefA was successfully displayed at the cell surface, virtually no full-length H:gm was exposed to the medium due to extensive proteolytic cleavage of the N-terminal region. In the present study, we addressed this issue by expressing a truncated H:gm variant (H:gmd) covering only the serotype-specific central region. This protein was also expressed in fusion to SefA (H:gmdSefA) to understand if the excellent translocation properties of SefA could be used to enhance the secretion and immunogenicity. RESULTS H:gmd and H:gmdSefA were both successfully translocated to the E. coli outer membrane as full-length proteins using the AIDA-I system. Whole-cell flow cytometric analysis confirmed that both antigens were displayed and accessible from the extracellular environment. In contrast to H:gm, the H:gmd protein was not only expressed as full-length protein, but it also seemed to promote the display of the protein fusion H:gmdSefA. Moreover, the epitopes appeared to be recognized by HT-29 intestinal cells, as measured by induction of the pro-inflammatory interleukin 8. CONCLUSIONS We believe this study to be an important step towards a live bacterial vaccine against Salmonella due to the central role of the flagellar antigen H:gm and SefA in Salmonella infections and the corresponding immune responses against Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gustavsson
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Division of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, SE 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Thi-Huyen Do
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
| | - Petra Lüthje
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ngoc Tan Tran
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Patrik Samuelson
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Division of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, SE 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nam Hai Truong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
| | - Gen Larsson
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Division of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, SE 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Perera K, Murray A. Development of an indirect ELISA for the detection of serum IgG antibodies against region IV of phase 1 flagellin of Salmonella enterica serovar Brandenburg in sheep. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:1576-1581. [PMID: 19696151 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.010090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Region IV of phase 1 flagellin (FliC) of Salmonella enterica serovar Brandenburg (S. Brandenburg) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by nickel chelate affinity chromatography. The purified recombinant protein was evaluated for its suitability as an antigen in an indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies in sheep sera. A cut-off value of 0.1 was calculated using 80 serum samples collected from sheep with no previous history of S. Brandenburg. In the present study we show the results of ELISA with field sera collected from 81 sheep naturally infected with S. Brandenburg. The assay was able to detect antibodies belonging to the IgG class with a sensitivity of 93.8 %. Thus, indirect ELISA might be a suitable screening tool for serological monitoring of sheep flocks infected with S. Brandenburg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Perera
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Alan Murray
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Toyota-Hanatani Y, Kyoumoto Y, Baba E, Ekawa T, Ohta H, Tani H, Sasai K. Importance of subunit vaccine antigen of major Fli C antigenic site of Salmonella enteritidis II: a challenge trial. Vaccine 2009; 27:1680-4. [PMID: 19186198 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 12/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) infection in chickens shows a mild pathogenicity except for young ages, compared with other animals, and laying hens sometimes produce SE-contaminated eggs leading to public health concerns. To reduce the problem, SE bacterin in poultry farms has been applied. We previously demonstrated that a subunit antigen, g.m. part polypeptide in SE-Fli C (SEp 9), could be a candidate subunit antigen of SE vaccine which may show less side effects in chickens. In this study, we used SEp 9 along with an adjuvant to inoculate chickens, then the chickens were orally challenged with SE, and suppression of the SE count in the cecum was investigated. Chickens inoculated with a commercial SE vaccine were prepared as positive controls (vaccine group), and those with physiological saline (control group) for comparison of the bacterial count after challenge. Employing two types of antibody-detection ELISA coated with either de-flagellated SE or SEp 9, specific antibody levels in blood and the intestine were determined. The bacterial count was significantly lower 1 and 3 weeks after challenge in the SEp 9 than in the control group. Specific antibody only against SEp 9 in blood but not the intestine of these birds in the SEp 9 group was detected. This study confirmed that SEp 9 antigen is a major effective antigen in SE inactivated vaccine, and it is suggested that only the subunit vaccine antigen SEp 9 is needed to effectively suppress colonization in the chicken intestine, without the need for other SE component antigens.
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Toyota-Hanatani Y, Inoue M, Ekawa T, Ohta H, Igimi S, Baba E. Importance of the major Fli C antigenic site of Salmonella enteritidis as a subunit vaccine antigen. Vaccine 2008; 26:4135-7. [PMID: 18603341 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that the antibody against the major antigenic site of SE Fli C (g.m. region) is characteristically produced after the application of SE bacterin, however, the antibody is not produced in chickens after SE infection. In the present study, we determined histologically if the major antigenic site could be a candidate antigen for SE subunit vaccine. When Layermune SE, a commercial SE bacterin, was injected subcutaneously into the shoulder region as a positive control, the following histological changes were observed: formation of epithelioid granuloma with epithelioid cells and multinuclear giant cells surrounding necrotic sites and oil cysts (Indicator 1); a perivascular accumulation of lymphocytes near the granulation tissue (Indicator 2); peripheral fibroplasia encapsulating the granulation tissue (Indicator 3). On the other hand, at the injection site from the incomplete Freund adjuvant as a negative control antigen, there was only hyperplasia of the connective tissues around oil cysts. By using these indicators, the histological changes induced by injection of major antigenic site (SEp9) of Fli C, Fli C, and SE somatic antigen were evaluated. Histological changes after the injection with SEp9 demonstrated Indicators 2 and 3. The injection with SE Fli C demonstrated all three indicators. Contrarily, de-flagellated SE antigen injection induced only Indicator 3. The present results suggest that the antigen g.m. site of SE Fli C (SEp9) may play an important role as a subunit vaccine not only for including continuous immunological reaction in SE infection in chickens but also for antigen presentation.
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Piao Z, Toyota-Hanatani Y, Ohta H, Sasai K, Tani H, Baba E. Effects of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis vaccination in layer hens subjected to S. Enteritidis challenge and various feed withdrawal regimens. Vet Microbiol 2007; 125:111-9. [PMID: 17624693 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Levels of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis infection and serum S. Enteritidis antibodies after experimental S. Enteritidis challenge and feed withdrawal were investigated in S. Enteritidis-vaccinated and unvaccinated hens. The results were used to determine whether formalin-inactivated S. Enteritidis vaccination can protect layer hens from S. Enteritidis challenge during feed withdrawal periods. S. Enteritidis infection rates were evaluated from cloacal swabs, eggs and organs. Serum antibody titers to deflagellated S. Enteritidis whole cells (DEWC) and S. Enteritidis FliC-specific 9-kDa polypeptide (SEp 9) were examined by commercial ELISA kits. Cloacal S. Enteritidis recovery rates were lower in the vaccinated than unvaccinated group. Recovery rates of S. Enteritidis from samples increased after feed withdrawal and decreased after re-introduction of feed. S. Enteritidis counts in cloacal swabs were lower in the vaccinated than in the unvaccinated group (P<0.05). More S. Enteritidis-positive eggs were detected from the unvaccinated group. Before S. Enteritidis challenge, the DEWC ELISA titer of the vaccinated group was higher (P<0.05) than the unvaccinated group; subsequently, the S. Enteritidis DEWC ELISA titers of both groups increased gradually. In contrast, only the vaccinated group elicited high SEp-9 antibody titer during post-challenge and feed withdrawal. Additionally, vaccinated hens yielded negative S. Enteritidis isolation rates from egg contents. There is a correlation between negative S. Enteritidis isolation rates and high SEp 9 titers in vaccinated layer hens challenged with S. Enteritidis and subjected to feed withdrawal regimens. These findings suggest the S. Enteritidis vaccination of pullets may protect against S. Enteritidis infection during forced molting and that SEp 9 titer could be a potential indicator of antibody protection against S. Enteritidis infection. The potential of the SEp 9 peptide as an antigen for S. Enteritidis vaccination in the future is worth noting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzi Piao
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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Adriaensen C, De Greve H, Tian JQ, De Craeye S, Gubbels E, Eeckhaut V, Van Immerseel F, Ducatelle R, Kumar M, Hernalsteens JP. A live Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis vaccine allows serological differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals. Infect Immun 2007; 75:2461-8. [PMID: 17261603 PMCID: PMC1865732 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01357-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three precisely defined deletion mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis were constructed, a guanine auxotrophic DeltaguaB mutant, a nonflagellated DeltafliC mutant, and an auxotrophic and nonflagellated DeltaguaB DeltafliC double mutant. All three mutants were less invasive than the wild-type strain in primary chicken cecal epithelial cells and the human epithelial cell line T84 and less efficiently internalized in the chicken macrophage cell line HD11. The DeltafliC mutant was pathogenic in orally infected BALB/c mice, while the DeltaguaB mutant was attenuated and conferred protection against a challenge with the pathogenic parent strain. The DeltaguaB DeltafliC double mutant was totally asymptomatic and conferred better protection than the DeltaguaB mutant. This indicates that the major flagellar protein flagellin is not required for efficient vaccination of BALB/c mice against Salmonella infection. The DeltaguaB DeltafliC mutant was also safe for vaccination of 1-day-old chickens. After two immunizations, it induced statistically significant protection against infection of the internal organs of the birds by a virulent S. enterica serovar Enteritidis challenge strain but not against intestinal colonization. These data demonstrate that nonflagellated attenuated Salmonella mutants can be used as marker vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Adriaensen
- Viral Genetics Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Mizumoto N, Toyota-Hanatani Y, Sasai K, Tani H, Ekawa T, Ohta H, Baba E. Survey of Japanese layer farms for Salmonella enteritidis with vaccination- and infection-specific antigens for egg yolk antibodies. J Food Prot 2006; 69:17-21. [PMID: 16416895 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Japanese layer farms were surveyed for Salmonella Enteritidis vaccination and infection with specific antigens for egg yolk antibodies with the use of vaccination-specific antigen Salmonella Enteritidis FliC-specific 9-kDa polypeptide (SEP9) and infection-specific antigen deflagellated Salmonella Enteritidis whole cell (DEWC). The specific antibodies in eggs from 201 commercial layer farms throughout Japan were surveyed. The percentages of farm flocks with a mean enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titer of over 0.1 were 56.2% (113 of 201) in DEWC-ELISA and 22.3% (45 of 201) in SEP9-ELISA. Flocks indicating high titers in SEP9-ELISA always showed high titers in DEWC-ELISA. Because both specific antibody titers of the vaccinated flocks monitored long term remained high throughout life, flocks with high titers of both ELISAs in this survey must be vaccinated. On the other hand, 34.3% (69 of 201) of flocks had high titers of DEWC-specific antibody alone. Because Salmonella Enteritidis infection induces the DEWC-specific antibody but not the SEP9-specific antibody, detecting only high ELISA titers of DEWC-specific antibody can be an effective monitoring tool for Salmonella Enteritidis exposure rather than vaccination. These results suggest that vaccination programs in Japanese layer farms would be insufficient to control Salmonella Enteritidis infection, and egg screening to detect specific antibodies would be valuable in obtaining the necessary information to control Salmonella Enteritidis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mizumoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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