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Pesapane R, Chaves A, Foley J, Javeed N, Barnum S, Greenwald K, Dodd E, Fontaine C, Duignan P, Murray M, Miller M. Nasopulmonary mites (Acari: Halarachnidae) as potential vectors of bacterial pathogens, including Streptococcus phocae, in marine mammals. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270009. [PMID: 35709209 PMCID: PMC9202935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopulmonary mites (NPMs) of the family Halarachnidae are obligate endoparasites that colonize the respiratory tracts of mammals. NPMs damage surface epithelium resulting in mucosal irritation, respiratory illness, and secondary infection, yet the role of NPMs in facilitating pathogen invasion or dissemination between hosts remains unclear. Using 16S rRNA massively parallel amplicon sequencing of six hypervariable regions (or "16S profiling"), we characterized the bacterial community of NPMs from 4 southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). This data was paired with detection of a priority pathogen, Streptococcus phocae, from NPMs infesting 16 southern sea otters and 9 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) using nested conventional polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). The bacteriome of assessed NPMs was dominated by Mycoplasmataceae and Vibrionaceae, but at least 16 organisms with pathogenic potential were detected as well. Importantly, S. phocae was detected in 37% of NPM by nPCR and was also detected by 16S profiling. Detection of multiple organisms with pathogenic potential in or on NPMs suggests they may act as mechanical vectors of bacterial infection for marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Pesapane
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Andrea Chaves
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Janet Foley
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Nadia Javeed
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Samantha Barnum
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine Greenwald
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Erin Dodd
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Christine Fontaine
- The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, California, United States of America
| | - Padraig Duignan
- The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Murray
- Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California, United States of America
| | - Melissa Miller
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
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Assié A, Borowski C, van der Heijden K, Raggi L, Geier B, Leisch N, Schimak MP, Dubilier N, Petersen JM. A specific and widespread association between deep-sea Bathymodiolus mussels and a novel family of Epsilonproteobacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:805-813. [PMID: 27428292 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bathymodiolus mussels dominate animal communities at many hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. Essential to the mussels' ecological and evolutionary success is their association with symbiotic methane- and sulfur-oxidizing gammaproteobacteria, which provide them with nutrition. In addition to these well-known gammaproteobacterial endosymbionts, we found epsilonproteobacterial sequences in metatranscriptomes, metagenomes and 16S rRNA clone libraries as well as by polymerase chain reaction screening of Bathymodiolus species sampled from vents and seeps around the world. These epsilonproteobacterial sequences were closely related, indicating that the association is highly specific. The Bathymodiolus-associated epsilonproteobacterial 16S rRNA sequences were at most 87.6% identical to the closest cultured relative, and 91.2% identical to the closest sequences in public databases. This clade therefore represents a novel family within the Epsilonproteobacteria. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy showed that the bacteria are filamentous epibionts associated with the gill epithelia in two Bathymodiolus species. In animals that host highly specific symbioses with one or a few types of endosymbionts, other less-abundant members of the microbiota can be easily overlooked. Our work highlights how widespread and specific associations with less-abundant microbes can be. Possibly, these microbes play an important role in the survival and health of their animal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Assié
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Christian Borowski
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | | | - Luciana Raggi
- CIGoM, Instituto de Biotecnologia, UNAM, Av. Universidad 2001, C.P.62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Benedikt Geier
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Leisch
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Mario P Schimak
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Nicole Dubilier
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- MARUM, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Jillian M Petersen
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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Novel gastric helicobacters and oral campylobacters are present in captive and wild cetaceans. Vet Microbiol 2011; 152:138-45. [PMID: 21592686 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian gastric and oral mucosa may be colonized by mixed Helicobacter and Campylobacter species, respectively, in individual animals. To better characterize the presence and distribution of Helicobacter and Campylobacter among marine mammals, we used PCR and 16S rDNA sequence analysis to examine gastric and oral samples from ten dolphins (Tursiops gephyreus), one killer whale (Orcinus orca), one false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens), and three wild La Plata river dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei). Helicobacter spp. DNA was widely distributed in gastric and oral samples from both captive and wild cetaceans. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated two Helicobacter sequence clusters, one closely related to H. cetorum, a species isolated from dolphins and whales in North America. The second related cluster was to sequences obtained from dolphins in Australia and to gastric non-H. pylori helicobacters, and may represent a novel taxonomic group. Dental plaque sequences from four dolphins formed a third cluster within the Campylobacter genus that likely represents a novel species isolated from marine mammals. Identification of identical Helicobacter spp. DNA sequences from dental plaque, saliva and gastric fluids from the same hosts, suggests that the oral cavity may be involved in transmission. These results demonstrate that Helicobacter and Campylobacter species are commonly distributed in marine mammals, and identify taxonomic clusters that may represent novel species.
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Schrenzel MD, Witte CL, Bahl J, Tucker TA, Fabian N, Greger H, Hollis C, Hsia G, Siltamaki E, Rideout BA. Genetic characterization and epidemiology of Helicobacters in non-domestic animals. Helicobacter 2010; 15:126-42. [PMID: 20402815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2009.00744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel helicobacter infections and associated disease are being recognized with increasing frequency in animals and people. Yet, the pervasiveness of infection in distantly related animal taxa, genetic diversity of helicobacters, and their transmissability are not known. AIM To better understand the ecology of helicobacters, we did a PCR survey and epidemiologic analysis of 154 captive or wild vertebrate taxa originating from 6 continents. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty nine helicobacter 16s rRNA gene segments were amplified by PCR and sequenced from ninety-three mammalian, reptilian, avian, or amphibian host species. Prevalence estimates were generated, and univariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore relationships between infection status and the health and characteristics of the 220 individual animals. RESULTS One hundred and nineteen novel helicobacter DNA sequences were found. No significant relationship between infection and host health was found; however, multi-infection or infections with particular genotypes were associated with mild clinical signs. Phylogenetic and genetic comparisons of helicobacters suggested prolonged co-adaptation and niche-associated divergence as well as periodic inter-species transmission. CONCLUSION The genus Helicobacter should accordingly be viewed as a collection of hundreds of organisms that have colonized most tetrapod taxa and have the potential to expand into new hosts as contact among animals and between animals and people increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Schrenzel
- Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego Zoo's Institute for Conservation Research, Wildlife Disease Laboratories, Escondido, CA 92027, USA.
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Goldman CG, Matteo MJ, Loureiro JD, Degrossi J, Teves S, Heredia SR, Alvarez K, González AB, Catalano M, Boccio J, Cremaschi G, Solnick JV, Zubillaga MB. Detection of Helicobacter and Campylobacter spp. from the aquatic environment of marine mammals. Vet Microbiol 2008; 133:287-91. [PMID: 18676103 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which Helicobacter species are transmitted remains unclear. To examine the possible role of environmental transmission in marine mammals, we sought the presence of Helicobacter spp. and non-Helicobacter bacteria within the order Campylobacterales in water from the aquatic environment of marine mammals, and in fish otoliths regurgitated by dolphins. Water was collected from six pools, two inhabited by dolphins and four inhabited by seals. Regurgitated otoliths were collected from the bottom of dolphins' pools. Samples were evaluated by culture, PCR and DNA sequence analysis. Sequences from dolphins' water and from regurgitated otoliths clustered with 99.8-100% homology with sequences from gastric fluids, dental plaque and saliva from dolphins living in those pools, and with 99.5% homology with H. cetorum. Sequences from seals' water clustered with 99.5% homology with a sequence amplified from a Northern sea lion (AY203900). Control PCR on source water for the pools and from otoliths dissected from feeder fish were negative. The findings of Helicobacter spp. DNA in the aquatic environment suggests that contaminated water from regurgitated fish otoliths and perhaps other tissues may play a role in Helicobacter transmission among marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Goldman
- Physics Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Goldman CG, Loureiro JD, Matteo MJ, Catalano M, Gonzalez AB, Heredia SR, Zubillaga MB, Solnick JV, Cremaschi GA. Helicobacter spp. from gastric biopsies of stranded South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis). Res Vet Sci 2008; 86:18-21. [PMID: 18504051 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal lesions with uncertain etiology have been widely described among pinnipeds. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of Helicobacter spp. in the gastric mucosa of South American fur seals (Arctocephalusaustralis). Gastric biopsies from thirteen seals, stranded on the shores of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean in Argentina, were evaluated for the presence of Helicobacter spp. by PCR and DNA sequence analysis. Six gastric biopsies were positive for Helicobacter spp. Pairwise sequence comparisons showed less than 95% identity to novel Helicobacter spp. described from pinnipeds from North America and Australia. However, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the South American fur seal sequences clustered with 99-100% homology with H. cetorum, a species isolated from dolphins and whales. The presence of H. cetorum in pinnipeds, if confirmed by its isolation from the gastric mucosa of these mammals, demonstrates the wide host range of this bacterium in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Goldman
- Physics Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
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Moyaert H, Haesebrouck F, Baele M, Picavet T, Ducatelle R, Chiers K, Ceelen L, Decostere A. Prevalence of Helicobacter equorum in faecal samples from horses and humans. Vet Microbiol 2006; 121:378-83. [PMID: 17223287 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a new enterohepatic Helicobacter species, H. equorum, was isolated from faecal samples of two clinically healthy horses. At the onset of this study, nothing was known about the prevalence of this organism in horses, nor was there any information available on the possible zoonotic character of this agent. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. equorum in faecal samples from equine and human origin. Therefore, faecal samples of 120 healthy privately owned horses, 227 healthy riding-school horses and 239 hospitalised horses were screened for H. equorum-DNA by means of a PCR amplifying a 1074-bp fragment of the 23S rRNA gene with primers specific for H. equorum. The vast majority of the hospitalised horses were under treatment with an antimicrobial agent at the moment of sampling, while the other horses had not been treated with an antimicrobial agent in the 14 days preceding the sampling. Stool samples of 531 humans suffering from gastro-intestinal disease and 100 clinically healthy humans were likewise examined. H. equorum-DNA was demonstrated in faeces from 0.8% of the privately owned horses, 3.1% of the riding-school horses and 7.9% of the hospitalised horses. The prevalence of H. equorum was significantly higher in hospitalised than in healthy, privately owned horses (P=0.02). H. equorum-DNA was not detected in human samples. These results indicate that the prevalence of H. equorum in horses may be influenced by the health status of the investigated horse population and/or by antimicrobial treatment. We may additionally assume that this micro-organism does not commonly infect humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moyaert
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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