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Zając M, Skarżyńska M, Lalak A, Iwan E, Wasyl D. Detection of Salmonella Mbandaka Carrying the blaCTX-M-8 Gene Located on IncI1 Plasmid Isolated from a Broiler Flock Environment. Pathogens 2024; 13:723. [PMID: 39338915 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Mbandaka is one of the most globally widespread serovars, occurring in many sources and included among twenty serovars that contribute to human salmonellosis in Europe. In Poland, it has been noted in non-human sources since 1996, being found firstly in feeds and later in waterfowl and chicken. Over the years, it gained epidemiological importance, being isolated from a wide range of animal species, including livestock. Generally, it is characterized by sensitivity to most antimicrobials and the ability to form biofilms. The occurrence of cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella in non-human sources is an extremely rare phenomenon in Poland. In this report, we characterized the full genome of the ESBL-producing S. Mbandaka strain isolated from a broiler farm environment (boot swab sample) in Poland in 2022. The isolate was serotyped as S. Mbandaka according to the White-Kaufmann-Le Minor scheme. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed with the microbroth dilution method showed its resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid. The whole-genome sequence was reconstructed using short and long reads and assembled into the complete chromosome and three plasmids: IncI1 pST113 (89,439 bp), Col(pHAD28) (2699 bp), and Col440 (2495 bp). The strain belonged to sequence type ST413. Plasmid analysis showed blaCTX-M-8 mobilization on IncI1(alpha) surrounded with insertion sequences. The analyzed genome content draws attention to the possibility of the horizontal spread of the resistance genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of blaCTX-M-8-positive Salmonella in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zając
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skarżyńska
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Anna Lalak
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Ewelina Iwan
- Department of Omics Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wasyl
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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Zalewska M, Błażejewska A, Gawor J, Adamska D, Goryca K, Szeląg M, Kalinowski P, Popowska M. The IncC and IncX1 resistance plasmids present in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from poultry manure in Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:47727-47741. [PMID: 39007976 PMCID: PMC11297818 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The study describes the whole-genome sequencing of two antibiotic-resistant representative Escherichia coli strains, isolated from poultry manure in 2020. The samples were obtained from a commercial chicken meat production facility in Poland. The antibiotic resistance profile was characterized by co-resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. The three identified resistance plasmids (R-plasmids), pECmdr13.2, pECmdr13.3, and pECmdr14.1, harbored various genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines (tetR[A]) for, aminoglycoside (aph, aac, and aad families), β-lactam (blaCMY-2, blaTEM-176), sulfonamide (sul1, sul2), fluoroquinolone (qnrS1), and phenicol (floR). These plasmids, which have not been previously reported in Poland, were found to carry IS26 insertion elements, the intI1-integrase gene, and conjugal transfer genes, facilitating horizontal gene transfer. Plasmids pECmdr13.2 and pECmdr14.1 also possessed a mercury resistance gene operon related to transposon Tn6196; this promotes plasmid persistence even without antibiotic selection pressure due to co-selection mechanisms such as co-resistance. The chicken manure-derived plasmids belonged to the IncX1 (narrow host range) and IncC (broad host range) incompatibility groups. Similar plasmids have been identified in various environments, clinical isolates, and farm animals, including cattle, swine, and poultry. This study holds significant importance for the One Health approach, as it highlights the potential for antibiotic-resistant bacteria from livestock and food sources, particularly E. coli, to transfer through the food chain to humans and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zalewska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Błażejewska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Gawor
- DNA Sequencing and Synthesis Facility, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Adamska
- Genomics Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryca
- Genomics Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Szeląg
- Genomics Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Kalinowski
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Popowska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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Intuy R, Supa-Amornkul S, Jaemsai B, Ruangchai W, Wiriyarat W, Chaturongakul S, Palittapongarnpim P. A novel variant in Salmonella genomic island 1 of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0399423. [PMID: 38687075 PMCID: PMC11237444 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03994-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 is a major health threat due to its resistance to ciprofloxacin and several other drugs, including third-generation cephalosporins. Many drug-resistant genes have been identified in the Salmonella genomic island 1 variant K (SGI1-K). In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile and genotypic relatedness of two isolates of ciprofloxacin-resistant (CIPR) S. Kentucky ST198 from poultry in Northeastern Thailand. We successfully assembled the complete genomes of both isolates, namely SSSE-01 and SSSE-03, using hybrid de novo assembly of both short- and long-read sequence data. The complete genomes revealed their highly similar genomic structures and a novel variant of SGI1-K underlying multidrug-resistant (MDR) patterns, including the presence of blaTEM-1b, which confers resistance to beta-lactams, including cephalosporins and lnu(F) which confers resistance to lincomycin and other lincosamides. In addition, the chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) were found at positions 83 (Ser83Phe) and 87 (Asp87Asn) of GyrA and at positions 57 (Thr57Ser) and 80 (Ser80Ile) of ParC suggesting high resistance to ciprofloxacin. We also compared SSSE-01 and SSSE-03 with publicly available complete genome data and revealed significant variations in SGI1-K genetic structures and variable relationships to antibiotic resistance. In comparison to the other isolates, SGI1-K of SSSE-01 and SSSE-03 had a relatively large deletion in the backbone, spanning from S011 (traG∆) to S027 (resG), and the inversion of the IS26-S044∆-yidY segment. Their MDR region was characterized by the inversion of a large segment, including the mer operon and the relocation of IntI1 and several resistance genes downstream of the IS26-S044∆-yidY segment. These structural changes were likely mediated by the recombination of IS26. The findings broaden our understanding of the possible evolution pathway of SGI1-K in fostering drug resistance, which may provide opportunities to control these MDR strains.IMPORTANCEThe emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant (CIPR) Salmonella Kentucky ST198 globally has raised significant concerns. This study focuses on two poultry isolates from Thailand, revealing a distinct Salmonella genomic island 1 variant K (SGI1-K) genetic structure. Remarkably, multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were identified within the SGI1-K as well as other locations in the chromosome, but not in plasmids. Comparing the SGI1-K genetic structures among global and even within-country isolates unveiled substantial variations. Intriguingly, certain isolates lacked ARGs within the SGI1-K, while others had ARGs relocated outside. The presence of chromosomal extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes and lincosamide resistance, lnu(F), gene, could potentially inform the choices of the treatment of CIPRS. Kentucky ST198 infections in humans. This study highlights the importance of understanding the diverse genetic structures of SGI1-K and emphasizes the role of animals and humans in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattanaporn Intuy
- Professor Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics (CENMIG), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirak Supa-Amornkul
- Professor Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics (CENMIG), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bharkbhoom Jaemsai
- Professor Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics (CENMIG), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wuthiwat Ruangchai
- Professor Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics (CENMIG), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Witthawat Wiriyarat
- Department of Pre-Clinical and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soraya Chaturongakul
- Professor Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics (CENMIG), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Palittapongarnpim
- Professor Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics (CENMIG), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Fagbamila IO, Ramon E, Lettini AA, Muhammad M, Longo A, Antonello K, Aworh MK, Kwaga JKP, Abdu PA, Umoh JU, Kabir JA, Ricci A, Barco L. Assessing the mechanisms of multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars isolated from layer chicken farms in Nigeria. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290754. [PMID: 37676896 PMCID: PMC10484460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Nigeria, there have been reports of widespread multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) amongst Salmonella isolated from poultry. To mitigate the impact of mortality associated with Salmonella on their farms, farmers resort to the use of antimicrobials without sound diagnostic advice. We conducted this study to describe the AMR patterns, mechanisms and genetic similarities within some Salmonella serovars isolated from different layer farms. METHOD We determine the AMR profiles of two hundred Salmonella isolates, selected based on frequency, serovar, and geographical and sample type distribution. We also assessed the mechanisms of multi-drug resistance for specific genetic determinants by using PCR protocols and gene sequence analysis. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was conducted on seven selected serovars to determine their genetic relatedness. RESULTS Of 200 isolates, 97 (48.5%) revealed various AMR profiles, with the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranging from 0.07-0.5. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was common in all the multi-drug resistant isolates, while all the isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and meropenem. Genotypic characterization showed the presence of resistance genes as well as mutations in the nucleotide genes with subsequent amino acid substitutions. Fifteen isolates (43%) of S. Kentucky were indistinguishable, but were isolated from four different states in Nigeria (Ogun, n = 9; Kaduna, n = 6; Plateau, n = 3, and: Bauchi, n = 2). PFGE revealed 40 pulsotype patterns (Kentucky, n = 12; Larochelle, n = 9; Virchow, n = 5; Saintpaul, n = 4; Poona, n = 3; Isangi, n = 2, and; Nigeria, n = 2). CONCLUSION This study recorded strictly related but diversely distributed Salmonella serovars with high AMR rates in poultry. We recommend strict regulation on antimicrobial use and regular monitoring of AMR trends among bacteria isolated from animals and humans to inform public policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Ramon
- WOAH and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Antonia A. Lettini
- WOAH and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Maryam Muhammad
- Bacterial Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Alessandra Longo
- WOAH and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Keti Antonello
- WOAH and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Mabel K. Aworh
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jacob K. P. Kwaga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Paul A. Abdu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Jarleth U. Umoh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Junaidu A. Kabir
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Antonia Ricci
- WOAH and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Lisa Barco
- WOAH and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD, Italy
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She Y, Jiang Y, Luo M, Duan X, Xie L, Yang C, Xu L, Fu Y, Lv Z, Cai R, Li Y, Qiu Y, Hu L, Shi X, Wang L, Wu S, Chen Q, Jiang M, Hu Q. Emergence of chromosomally located bla CTX-M-14b and qnrS1 in Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198 in China. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106896. [PMID: 37343807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Highly fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky has become widespread in recent years, largely associated with the spread of sequence type 198 (ST198), which often leads to multidrug resistance. Research on the genomic epidemiology of Salmonella Kentucky in China is currently uncommon. In this study, we analysed the genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of Salmonella Kentucky ST198 collected from foodborne disease surveillance in Shenzhen, China, during 2010-2021, using whole-genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing. In addition, 158 global Salmonella Kentucky ST198 genomes were included for comparison. Among 8559 Salmonella isolates, 43 Salmonella Kentucky ST198 isolates were detected during 2010-2021. The global Salmonella Kentucky ST198 evolutionary tree was divided into five clades, with Shenzhen isolates distributed in clades 198.1, 198.2-1 and 198.2-2, mainly clustered with Chinese strains. Strains in clade 198.2 dominated in Shenzhen and all of them showed multidrug resistance. Nine strains showed high resistance to ceftriaxone, which was associated with blaCTX-M-14b in clade 198.2-1, which was demonstrated to be located on the chromosome. Fifteen strains showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin, which was associated with carriage of qnrS1 in clade 198.2-2. qnrS1 was first located on an IncHI2 plasmid and then transferred into the chromosome. Here we report the genomic and antimicrobial resistance characterisation of Salmonella Kentucky ST198 in Shenzhen. Of particular concern, we identified for the first time a clade 198.2-1 isolate carrying blaCTX-M-14b as well as chromosomally located qnrS1 in clade 198.2-2 of Salmonella Kentucky ST198 in China, highlighting the necessity of surveillance of clade 198.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying She
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yixiang Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miaomiao Luo
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangke Duan
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Xie
- University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangcai Xu
- Shenzhen Futian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulin Fu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziquan Lv
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaqun Qiu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lulu Hu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiongcheng Chen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qinghua Hu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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Akshay SD, Nayak S, Deekshit VK, Rohit A, Maiti B. Differential expression of outer membrane proteins and quinolone resistance determining region mutations can lead to ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella Typhi. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:136. [PMID: 36961627 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance in Salmonella Typhi remains a public health concern globally. This study aimed to investigate the function of quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC in ciprofloxacin (CIP) resistant isolates and examine the differential expression of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) on exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of CIP in S. Typhi. The CIP-resistant isolates were screened for mutations in the QRDR and analyzed for bacterial growth. Furthermore, major OMPs encoding genes such as ompF, lamB, yaeT, tolC, ompS1, and phoE were examined for differential expression under the sub-lethal concentrations of CIP by real-time PCR and SDS-PAGE. Notably, our study has shown a single-point mutation in gyrA at codon 83 (Ser83-tyrosine and Ser83-phenylalanine), also the rare amino acid substitution in parC gene at codon 80 (Glu80-glycine) in CIP-resistant isolates. Additionally, CIP-resistant isolates showed moderate growth compared to susceptible isolates. Although most of the OMP-encoding genes (tolC, ompS1, and phoE) showed some degree of upregulation, a significant level of upregulation (p < 0.05) was observed only for yaeT. However, ompF and lamB genes were down-regulated compared to CIP-susceptible isolates. Whereas OMPs profiling using SDS-PAGE did not show any changes in the banding pattern. These results provide valuable information on the QRDR mutation, and the difference in the growth, and expression of OMP-encoding genes in resistant and susceptible isolates of S. Typhi. This further provides insight into the involvement of QRDR mutation and OMPs associated with CIP resistance in S. Typhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadanand Dangari Akshay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Srajana Nayak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Vijaya Kumar Deekshit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Anusha Rohit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
- Department of Microbiology, The Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600037, India
| | - Biswajit Maiti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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Penha Filho RAC, Ferreira JC, Galetti R, Kanashiro AMI, Berchieri A, da Costa Darini AL. The rise of multidrug resistant Salmonella isolates in healthy chickens in Brazil by successful establishment of plasmid IncHI2A carrying several antibiotic resistance genes. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:469-474. [PMID: 36607526 PMCID: PMC9944584 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is an important global issue in food-producing animals. The present study evaluated antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles in Salmonella spp. isolates from chickens in Brazil. Identification of serotypes, virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, and plasmid profiles were performed. Three different serovars were found, S. Schwarzengrund, S. Newport and S. Kentucky. All isolates were considered Multidrug- resistance (MDR). Among the 32 Salmonella spp. isolates analysed, 29 isolates carried blaCTX-M-2 gene and showed the insertion sequence ISCR1 and a class 1 integron structure upstream from blaCTX-M-2. This gene was harboured in large IncHI2A plasmids with approximately 280kb. Furthermore, 30 isolates harboured tetA and tetB genes and 25 also harboured qnrB. The virulence genes invA, misL, orfL, spiC and pipD were detected in all isolates. The study shows a high prevalence of MDR Salmonella isolates disseminated in poultry farms. The association of the replicon IncHI2A with the resistance genes found, elevate the risk of foodborne disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Antonio Casarin Penha Filho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Joseane Cristina Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Renata Galetti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | | | - Angelo Berchieri
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia da Costa Darini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
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Jiang Y, Wang ZY, Li QC, Lu MJ, Wu H, Mei CY, Shen PC, Jiao X, Wang J. Characterization of Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky Sequence Type 198 Isolates from Chicken Meat Products in Xuancheng, China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0321922. [PMID: 36847509 PMCID: PMC10100706 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03219-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky sequence type 198 (ST198) isolates from chicken meat products. Ten S. Kentucky strains obtained from chicken meat products in Xuancheng, China, carried 12 to 17 resistance genes, such as blaCTX-M-55, rmtB, tet(A), floR, and fosA3, combined with mutations within gyrA (S83F and D87N) and parC (S80I), resulting in resistance to numerous antimicrobial agents, including the clinically important antibiotics cephalosporin, ciprofloxacin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin. These S. Kentucky isolates shared a close phylogenetic relationship (21 to 36 single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) and showed close genetic relatedness to two human clinical isolates from China. Three S. Kentucky strains were subjected to whole-genome sequencing using Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technology. All antimicrobial resistance genes were located on their chromosomes and clustered in one multiresistance region (MRR) and Salmonella genomic island (SGI) SGI1-K. The MRRs in three S. Kentucky strains were bounded by IS26 at both ends and were inserted downstream of the bcfABCDEFG cluster with 8-bp direct repeats. The MRRs were related to those of IncHI2 plasmids but differed by insertions, deletions, and rearrangements of multiple segments involving resistance genes and plasmid backbones. This finding suggests that the MRR fragment possibly originates from IncHI2 plasmids. Four SGI1-K variants with slight differences were identified in 10 S. Kentucky strains. Mobile elements, particularly IS26, play an essential role in forming distinct MRRs and SGI1-K structures. In conclusion, the emergence of extensively drug-resistant S. Kentucky ST198 strains containing numerous chromosomally located resistance genes is alarming and needs continued surveillance. IMPORTANCE Salmonella spp. are important foodborne pathogens, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains have become a serious threat to clinical therapy. MDR S. Kentucky ST198 strains have been increasingly reported from various sources and have become a global risk. In this study, we described extensively drug-resistant S. Kentucky ST198 strains from chicken meat products from a city in China. Numerous resistance genes are clustered in the chromosomes of S. Kentucky ST198 strains, possibly acquired with the help of mobile elements. This would facilitate the spread of numerous resistance genes as intrinsic chromosomal genes within this global epidemic clone, with the potential to capture more resistance genes. The emergence and dissemination of extensively drug-resistant S. Kentucky ST198 pose a severe clinical and public health threat; therefore, continuous surveillance is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Chun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Jun Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Han Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Yue Mei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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9
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Samper-Cativiela C, Diéguez-Roda B, Trigo da Roza F, Ugarte-Ruiz M, Elnekave E, Lim S, Hernández M, Abad D, Collado S, Sáez JL, de Frutos C, Agüero M, Moreno MÁ, Escudero JA, Álvarez J. Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovar Kentucky ST198 isolated in poultry flocks in Spain (2011-2017). Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35259085 PMCID: PMC9176280 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Kentucky is commonly found in poultry and rarely associated with human disease. However, a multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Kentucky clone [sequence type (ST)198] has been increasingly reported globally in humans and animals. Our aim here was to assess if the recently reported increase of S. Kentucky in poultry in Spain was associated with the ST198 clone and to characterize this MDR clone and its distribution in Spain. Sixty-six isolates retrieved from turkey, laying hen and broiler in 2011–2017 were subjected to whole-genome sequencing to assess their sequence type, genetic relatedness, and presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), plasmid replicons and virulence factors. Thirteen strains were further analysed using long-read sequencing technologies to characterize the genetic background associated with ARGs. All isolates belonged to the ST198 clone and were grouped in three clades associated with the presence of a specific point mutation in the gyrA gene, their geographical origin and isolation year. All strains carried between one and 16 ARGs whose presence correlated with the resistance phenotype to between two and eight antimicrobials. The ARGs were located in the Salmonella genomic island (SGI-1) and in some cases (blaSHV-12, catA1, cmlA1, dfrA and multiple aminoglycoside-resistance genes) in IncHI2/IncI1 plasmids, some of which were consistently detected in different years/farms in certain regions, suggesting they could persist over time. Our results indicate that the MDR S. Kentucky ST198 is present in all investigated poultry hosts in Spain, and that certain strains also carry additional plasmid-mediated ARGs, thus increasing its potential public health significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Samper-Cativiela
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Filipa Trigo da Roza
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Basis of Adaptation, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ugarte-Ruiz
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ehud Elnekave
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Seunghyun Lim
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55455, USA.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55455, 55455 Minnesota, USA
| | - Marta Hernández
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology Laboratory, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Junta de Castilla y León, 47009 Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Abad
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology Laboratory, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Junta de Castilla y León, 47009 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Soledad Collado
- Subdirección General de Sanidad e Higiene Animal y Trazabilidad, Dirección General de la Producción Agraria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Sáez
- Subdirección General de Sanidad e Higiene Animal y Trazabilidad, Dirección General de la Producción Agraria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina de Frutos
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, 28110 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Agüero
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, 28110 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moreno
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Escudero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Basis of Adaptation, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Álvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Jeżak K, Kozajda A. Occurrence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on animal farms and in their vicinity in Poland and Ukraine-review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:9533-9559. [PMID: 34870776 PMCID: PMC8783842 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Intensive animal farming emits to the environment very high concentrations of bioaerosol, mainly composed of microorganisms, including antibiotics resistant strains, and their derivatives. Poland is a significant producer of poultry and swine in Europe; Ukraine is located in the immediate vicinity of Poland and the EU. Thus, the review focuses on the presence of potentially pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant zoonotic bacteria and antimicrobial genes in the environment of farms and food of animal origin in Poland and Ukraine. Existing data confirms presence of these bacteria in the food animal origin chain environment in both countries. However, it is difficult to compare the scale of multidrug-resistant bacteria (e.g. MRSA, ESBL) dissemination in Poland and Ukraine with other EU countries due to lack of more extensive studies and large-scale monitoring in these two countries. A series of studies concerning resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from livestock environment have been published in Poland but usually on single farms with a very limited number of samples, and without a genotypic drug resistance marking. From Ukraine are available only few reports, but also disturbing. The risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria transmission does not only concern animal farming, but also other facilities of animal origin food supply chains, especially slaughterhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jeżak
- Biological Safety Unit, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Str, 91-348, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anna Kozajda
- Biological Safety Unit, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Str, 91-348, Łódź, Poland
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11
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Khan AS, Georges K, Rahaman S, Abebe W, Adesiyun AA. Occurrence, Risk Factors, Serotypes, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Strains Isolated from Imported Fertile Hatching Eggs, Hatcheries, and Broiler Farms in Trinidad and Tobago. J Food Prot 2022; 85:266-277. [PMID: 34706051 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the occurrence, risk factors, and characteristics of Salmonella isolates recovered from imported fertile broiler hatching eggs, hatcheries, and broiler farms in Trinidad and Tobago. Standard methods were used to isolate and characterize Salmonella isolates from two broiler hatcheries and 27 broiler farms in the country. The frequency of isolation of Salmonella was 0.0% for imported fertile hatching eggs (0 of 45 pools of 10 eggs each, i.e., 450 eggs), 7.6% for hatcheries (12 of 158 samples), and 2.8% for broiler farms (24 of 866 samples) (P = 0.006). Stillborn chicks at hatcheries had the highest prevalence of Salmonella (7 of 28 samples, 28.0%), whereas on broiler farms the cloacal swabs had the highest prevalence of Salmonella (15 of 675 samples, 2.2%). None of the 15 farm management and production practices investigated were significantly associated (P > 0.05) with the isolation of Salmonella. The predominant Salmonella serotypes were Kentucky (83.3%) and Infantis (62.5%) among hatchery and farm isolates, respectively. The disk diffusion method revealed frequencies of antimicrobial resistance (i.e., resistance to one or more agents) of 44.0% (11 of 25 isolates) and 87.5% (35 of 40 isolates) at hatcheries and broiler farms, respectively (P = 0.0002). Antimicrobial resistance among hatchery isolates was highest (28.0%) to doxycycline and kanamycin and was very high (>65%) among farm isolates to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, kanamycin, and doxycycline. Multidrug resistance (MDR; i.e., resistance to antimicrobial agents from three or more classes) was exhibited by 4.0 and 85.7% of Salmonella isolates recovered from several environmental and animal sources at the hatcheries and farms, respectively (P < 0.0001). The high level of antimicrobial resistance and the presence of MDR among Salmonella isolates from broiler farms highlight the therapeutic implications and the potential for MDR strains to enter the food chain. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa S Khan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Karla Georges
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Saed Rahaman
- Veterinary Public Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Port of Spain, 16-18 Sackville Street, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Woubit Abebe
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, USA
| | - Abiodun A Adesiyun
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.,Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
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12
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Uddin MB, Alam MN, Hasan M, Hossain SMB, Debnath M, Begum R, Samad MA, Hoque SF, Chowdhury MSR, Rahman MM, Hossain MM, Hassan MM, Lundkvist Å, Järhult JD, El Zowalaty ME, Ahmed SSU. Molecular Detection of Colistin Resistance mcr-1 Gene in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010097. [PMID: 35052973 PMCID: PMC8772701 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic and antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli (hereafter, E. coli) is a global public health threat which can lead to detrimental effects on human health. Here, we aim to investigate the antimicrobial resistance and the presence of mcr-1 gene in E. coli isolated from chicken feces. Ninety-four E. coli isolates were obtained from samples collected from different locations in Bangladesh, and the isolates were identified using conventional microbiological tests. Phenotypic disk diffusion tests using 20 antimicrobial agents were performed according to CLSI-EUCAST guidelines, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for a subset of samples. E. coli isolates showed high resistance to colistin (88.30%), ciprofloxacin (77.66%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (76.60%), tigecycline (75.53%), and enrofloxacin (71.28%). Additionally, the pathotype eaeA gene was confirmed in ten randomly selected E. coli isolates using primer-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of mcr-1 gene was confirmed using PCR and sequencing analysis in six out of ten E. coli isolates. Furthermore, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed a similarity between the catalytic domain of Neisseria meningitidis lipooligosaccharide phosphoethanolamine transferase A (LptA) and MCR proteins, indicating that the six tested isolates were colistin resistant. Finally, the findings of the present study showed that E. coli isolated from chicken harbored mcr-1 gene, and multidrug and colistin resistance. These findings accentuate the need to implement strict measures to limit the imprudent use of antibiotics, particularly colistin, in agriculture and poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Bashir Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.N.A.); (S.M.B.H.); (M.S.R.C.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.U.); (M.E.E.Z.); (S.S.U.A.)
| | - Mohammad Nurul Alam
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.N.A.); (S.M.B.H.); (M.S.R.C.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.H.); (S.F.H.)
| | - S. M. Bayejed Hossain
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.N.A.); (S.M.B.H.); (M.S.R.C.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Mita Debnath
- Kazi Farms Poultry Laboratory, Gazipur 1700, Bangladesh;
| | - Ruhena Begum
- Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar 1341, Bangladesh; (R.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Mohammed A. Samad
- Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar 1341, Bangladesh; (R.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Syeda Farjana Hoque
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.H.); (S.F.H.)
| | - Md. Shahidur Rahman Chowdhury
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.N.A.); (S.M.B.H.); (M.S.R.C.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Md. Mahfujur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.N.A.); (S.M.B.H.); (M.S.R.C.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Md. Mukter Hossain
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; (M.N.A.); (S.M.B.H.); (M.S.R.C.); (M.M.R.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh;
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, SE 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Josef D. Järhult
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, SE 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Mohamed E. El Zowalaty
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, SE 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (M.B.U.); (M.E.E.Z.); (S.S.U.A.)
| | - Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.B.U.); (M.E.E.Z.); (S.S.U.A.)
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13
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Shaheen A, Tariq A, Iqbal M, Mirza O, Haque A, Walz T, Rahman M. Mutational Diversity in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of Type-II Topoisomerases of Salmonella Serovars. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121455. [PMID: 34943668 PMCID: PMC8698434 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinolone resistance in bacterial pathogens has primarily been associated with mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of bacterial type-II topoisomerases, which are DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Depending on the position and type of the mutation (s) in the QRDRs, bacteria either become partially or completely resistant to quinolone. QRDR mutations have been identified and characterized in Salmonella enterica isolates from around the globe, particularly during the last decade, and efforts have been made to understand the propensity of different serovars to carry such mutations. Because there is currently no thorough analysis of the available literature on QRDR mutations in different Salmonella serovars, this review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the mutational diversity in QRDRs of Salmonella serovars, summarizing the literature related to both typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars with a special emphasis on recent findings. This review will also discuss plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance determinants with respect to their additive or synergistic contributions with QRDR mutations in imparting elevated quinolone resistance. Finally, the review will assess the contribution of membrane transporter-mediated quinolone efflux to quinolone resistance in strains carrying QRDR mutations. This information should be helpful to guide the routine surveillance of foodborne Salmonella serovars, especially with respect to their spread across countries, as well as to improve laboratory diagnosis of quinolone-resistant Salmonella strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Shaheen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.R.); Tel.: +92-53-3643112-187 (A.S.); +92-42-35953122 (M.R.)
| | - Anam Tariq
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Osman Mirza
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Abdul Haque
- Human Infectious Diseases Group, Akhuwat First University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Thomas Walz
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Moazur Rahman
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.R.); Tel.: +92-53-3643112-187 (A.S.); +92-42-35953122 (M.R.)
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14
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Rincón-Gamboa SM, Poutou-Piñales RA, Carrascal-Camacho AK. Antimicrobial Resistance of Non-Typhoid Salmonella in Meat and Meat Products. Foods 2021; 10:1731. [PMID: 34441509 PMCID: PMC8392175 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars are associated with numerous annual deaths worldwide and are responsible for a large number of foodborne diseases. Within this frame of reference, knowledge of antimicrobial susceptibility represents the fundamental approach of most Salmonella treatments. Therefore, scientific publications of antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance must be precise, with interpretations adjusted to a particular standard. Hence, the three objectives in this study were: (i) to describe the frequency of antimicrobial-resistant isolates of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolated from beef, pork, chicken meat, and other meat products; (ii) to describe the distribution of serovars and their multi-resistance to antibiotics for clinical use (veterinary and human) between 1996 and 2019; and (iii) to propose additional considerations that could improve the use and usefulness of the published results. Our results determined that the predominant isolates came from poultry. Enteritidis and Typhimurium were the most reported serovars by MIC (with both having the highest resistance to TET) while the lowest resistance was to CIP and CRO for Enteritidis and Typhimurium, respectively. The multi-resistance pattern AMP AMC CEP GEN KAN STR TET was the most frequently observed pattern by MIC in Montevideo and Seftenberg, while, for disc diffusion, the pattern AMP STR TET was the most frequent in the Bredeney serotype. In conclusion, researchers should carry out homogeneous sampling procedures, identify the types of the samples, use standard identification methods, and employ appropriate standards for antimicrobial susceptibility interpretation. Additionally, there is also a need for all WHO members to comply with the WHA 73.5 resolution. Our final recommendation is for all producers to reduce antibiotic prophylactic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Rincón-Gamboa
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110-23, Colombia; (S.M.R.-G.); (A.K.C.-C.)
- Laboratorio Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110-23, Colombia
| | - Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales
- Laboratorio Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110-23, Colombia
| | - Ana K. Carrascal-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110-23, Colombia; (S.M.R.-G.); (A.K.C.-C.)
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15
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Varani A, He S, Siguier P, Ross K, Chandler M. The IS6 family, a clinically important group of insertion sequences including IS26. Mob DNA 2021; 12:11. [PMID: 33757578 PMCID: PMC7986276 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-021-00239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The IS6 family of bacterial and archaeal insertion sequences, first identified in the early 1980s, has proved to be instrumental in the rearrangement and spread of multiple antibiotic resistance. Two IS, IS26 (found in many enterobacterial clinical isolates as components of both chromosome and plasmids) and IS257 (identified in the plasmids and chromosomes of gram-positive bacteria), have received particular attention for their clinical impact. Although few biochemical data are available concerning the transposition mechanism of these elements, genetic studies have provided some interesting observations suggesting that members of the family might transpose using an unexpected mechanism. In this review, we present an overview of the family, the distribution and phylogenetic relationships of its members, their impact on their host genomes and analyse available data concerning the particular transposition pathways they may use. We also provide a mechanistic model that explains the recent observations on one of the IS6 family transposition pathways: targeted cointegrate formation between replicons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Varani
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susu He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Patricia Siguier
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative-Université Paul SABATIER, CNRS - Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaires, UMR 5100 - bât. CNRS-IBCG, Toulouse, France
| | - Karen Ross
- Protein Information Resource, Department of Biochem., Mol. and Cell. Biol, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Chandler
- Department of Biochem., Mol. and Cell. Biol, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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16
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Chen H, Song J, Zeng X, Chen D, Chen R, Qiu C, Zhou K. National Prevalence of Salmonella enterica Serotype Kentucky ST198 with High-Level Resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in China, 2013 to 2017. mSystems 2021; 6:e00935-20. [PMID: 33436512 PMCID: PMC7901479 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00935-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky is frequently associated with high-level fluoroquinolone resistance and has gained epidemiological importance globally. A retrospective screening was performed to understand the national prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant S Kentucky in China. S. enterica strains (n = 15,405) were collected within the frame of two national surveillance networks between 2013 and 2017. Thirty-three S. Kentucky strains were detected in 5 of 10 provinces, and 27 were assigned to sequence type 198 (ST198). The 27 isolates were multidrug resistant, with high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin, and 21 isolates were further resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). Phylogenomic analysis classified ST198 isolates into two clades (198.1 and 198.2), and recent occurrences of inter-/intraregion and interhost transmission were identified. Phylogenetic reconstruction with a global collection showed that one subclade of clade 198.2 was clustered with historical strains from Egypt, and the other one was clustered with strains from Southeast Asia. Isolates of clade 198.1 were clustered with strains isolated from North America. The various patterns of mutations detected in quinolone resistance-determining regions of GyrA and ParC are accordant with the phylogenetic structure. These findings indicate that our isolates may have various origins. SGI1 was exclusively detected in isolates of clade 198.2 with a highly mosaic structure, which were mainly identified as SGI1-K derivatives. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnrS1 and aac(6')-Ib-cr were identified in three isolates, and bla CTX-M-9 and bla CTX-M-27 were detected in 20 of 21 ESC-resistant isolates. This is the first report of the genetic and epidemiological characterization for the S Kentucky epidemic clone ST198 in China, warranting the necessity of surveillance for the high-risk clone.IMPORTANCE Ciprofloxacin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins are the choice for treatment of severe nontyphoidal S. enterica infections in adults. S. enterica serotype Kentucky ST198 has gained epidemiological importance globally, because the clone is frequently resistant to both of these high-level-resistance drug groups. The genetic and epidemiological characterization of S. Kentucky has been well studied in Western countries; however, the information is unclear for China. To fill in the gap, we here did a retrospective screening on a large collection in China, and ST198 isolates were systematically analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Our study revealed that multidrug-resistant ST198 has spread in five provinces, and the occurrences of interregion and cross-host clonal disseminations were detected. Of note, phylogenomic analysis suggests that the Chinese isolates may have emerged with diverse origins, including Egypt, Southeast Asia, and North America. This study warrants the necessity of surveillance for the high-risk clone to prevent its further dissemination in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Song
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianying Zeng
- Guangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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17
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El Hage R, Losasso C, Longo A, Petrin S, Ricci A, Mathieu F, Abi Khattar Z, El Rayess Y. Whole-genome characterisation of TEM-1 and CMY-2 β-lactamase-producing Salmonella Kentucky ST198 in Lebanese broiler chain. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 23:408-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Lei CW, Chen X, Yao TG, Yu JW, Hu WL, Mao X, Wang HN. Characterization of IncC Plasmids in Enterobacterales of Food-Producing Animals Originating From China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:580960. [PMID: 33193210 PMCID: PMC7652850 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.580960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Incompatibility group C (IncC) plasmids have received attention due to their broad host range and because they harbor key antibiotic resistance genes. Because these resistance genes can spread from food-producing animals to human, the proliferation of these plasmids represents a public health risk. In this study, a total of 20 IncC plasmids were collected from food-producing animals in China, and characterized by Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-read sequencing. Based on four key differences of the IncC backbone, 4 IncC plasmids were classified as type 1, 15 were classified as type 1/2 hybrid, and one was classified as type 2. The 15 type 1/2 hybrids were further divided into 13 type 1/2a and 2 type 1/2b, based on sequence differences arising from different homologous recombination events between type 1 and type 2 IncC backbones. Genome comparison of accessory resistance modules showed that different IncC plasmids exhibited various phenotypes via loss and gain of diverse modules, mainly within the blaCMY-carrying region, and two antibiotic resistance islands designated ARI-A and ARI-B. Interestingly, in addition to insertion and deletion events, IS26 or IS1294-mediated large sequence inversions were found in the IncC genome of the 4 type1/2a plasmids, suggesting that insertion sequence-mediated rearrangements also promote the diversity of the IncC genome. This study provides insight into the structural diversification and multidrug resistance of IncC plasmids identified from food-producing animals in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang-Wei Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian-Ge Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wan-Long Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Ning Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Bleichenbacher S, Stevens MJA, Zurfluh K, Perreten V, Endimiani A, Stephan R, Nüesch-Inderbinen M. Environmental dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in rivers in Switzerland. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115081. [PMID: 32806462 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment takes on a key role in the dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. This study assesses the occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in freshwater samples from rivers, inland canals, and streams throughout Switzerland, and characterizes the isolated strains using phenotypic and NGS-based genotypic methods. CPE producing KPC-2 (n = 2), KPC-3 (n = 1), NDM-5 (n = 3), OXA-48 (n = 3), OXA-181 (n = 6), and VIM-1 (n = 2) were detected in 17/164 of the water samples. Seven Escherichia coli had sequence types (STs) that belonged to extra-intestinal pathogenic clonal lineages ST38, ST73, ST167, ST410, and ST648. The majority (16/17) of the carbapenemase genes were located on plasmids, including the widespread IncC (n = 1), IncFIIA (n = 1), and IncFIIB plasmids (n = 4), the epidemic IncL (n = 1) and IncX3 (n = 5) plasmids, a rare Col156 plasmid (n = 1), and the mosaic IncFIB, IncR, and IncQ plasmids (n = 3). Plasmids were composed of elements that were identical to those of resistance plasmids retrieved from clinical and veterinary isolates locally and worldwide. Our data show environmental dissemination of high-risk CPE clones in Switzerland. Epidemic and mosaic-like plasmids carrying clinically relevant carbapenemase genes are replicating and evolving pollutants of river ecosystems, representing a threat to public health and environmental integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bleichenbacher
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J A Stevens
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Zurfluh
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Endimiani
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Nüesch-Inderbinen
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Al-Gallas N, Khadraoui N, Hotzel H, Tomaso H, El-Adawy H, Neubauer H, Belghouthi K, Ghedira K, Gautam HK, Kumar B, Laouini D, Zarrouk S, Abbassi MS, Aissa RB. Quinolone resistance among Salmonella Kentucky and Typhimurium isolates in Tunisia: first report of Salmonella Typhimurium ST34 in Africa and qnrB19 in Tunisia. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:807-818. [PMID: 32780929 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Characterization of quinolone-resistant Salmonella Kentucky and Typhimurium isolates in Tunisia from various sources, detection of some plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and the genetic relatedness. METHODS A total of 1404 isolates of S. Kentucky (n = 1059)/S. Typhimurium (n = 345) from various sources from all over Tunisia were tested for quinolone resistance by disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were determined. Quinolone-resistant isolates were screened for plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance genes (qnrA,qnrB,qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qepA) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mutations in the quinolone-resistance-determining regions of the gyrA and parC genes were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing were accomplished for isolates harbouring plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance genes. RESULTS According to our selection criteria (NAL = resistance phenotype; CIP = resistant with diameter 0, or intermediate), only 63 S. Kentucky/41 S. Typhimurium isolates were investigated: 49% (5/104) were multidrug resistant. Two S. Typhimurium isolates harboured qnrB19 with different PFGE profiles. A mutation was detected in the gyrA gene for each of these two isolates. MLST revealed the presence of ST313 and ST34, an endemic sequence type. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the presence of quinolone multidrug-resistant Salmonella in humans and animals in Tunisia. This is the first report of S. Typhimurium ST34 in Africa and qnrB19 in Tunisia. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report that describes not only the current epidemiological situation of the quinolone resistance in S. Kentucky and Typhimurium isolated from various sources and regions in Tunisia, but also, the genetic resistance determinants associated with phenotypic antibiotic resistance and the molecular mechanisms of their quinolone-resistance. Also, we provide the first report of S. Typhimurium ST34 in Africa, and the first report of qnrB19 in Salmonella in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Al-Gallas
- Water and Food Control Lab, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens - Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hafar Al-Batin (UHB), City Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Khadraoui
- Water and Food Control Lab, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens - Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - H Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - H Tomaso
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - H El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - H Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - K Belghouthi
- Water and Food Control Lab, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens - Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - K Ghedira
- Group of Bioinformatics and Mathematical Modeling, Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnologies and Biomolecules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - H K Gautam
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - B Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - D Laouini
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - S Zarrouk
- Genomics Platform, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M S Abbassi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Insitute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - R B Aissa
- Water and Food Control Lab, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens - Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
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21
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Sodagari HR, Wang P, Robertson I, Habib I, Sahibzada S. Non-Typhoidal Salmonella at the Human-Food-of-Animal-Origin Interface in Australia. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1192. [PMID: 32674371 PMCID: PMC7401514 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella is a major zoonotic pathogen that plays a significant role in foodborne human salmonellosis worldwide through the consumption of contaminated foods, particularly those of animal origin. Despite a considerable reduction in human salmonellosis outbreaks in developed countries, Australia is experiencing a continuous rise of such outbreaks in humans. This review of the literature highlights the reported non-typhoidal Salmonella outbreaks in humans as well as the occurrence of the pathogen in foods from animal sources throughout Australia. Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections from food animals are more often associated with at-risk people, such as immunocompromised and aged people or children. Although several animal-sourced foods were recognised as the catalysts for salmonellosis outbreaks in Australia, egg and egg-based products remained the most implicated foods in the reported outbreaks. This review further highlights the antimicrobial resistance trends of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates at the human-food interface, with a focus on clinically important antimicrobials in humans, by collating evidence from previous investigations in Australia. The rise in antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella, especially to antimicrobials commonly prescribed to treat human salmonellosis, has become a significant global public health concern. However, the overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Australia is considerably lower than in other parts of the world, particularly in terms of critically important antimicrobials for the treatment of human salmonellosis. The present review adds to our understanding of the global epidemiology of non-typhoidal Salmonella with emphasis on the past few decades in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Sodagari
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (H.R.S.); (P.W.); (I.R.)
| | - Penghao Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (H.R.S.); (P.W.); (I.R.)
| | - Ian Robertson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (H.R.S.); (P.W.); (I.R.)
| | - Ihab Habib
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (H.R.S.); (P.W.); (I.R.)
- Veterinary Medicine Department, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, UAE
| | - Shafi Sahibzada
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (H.R.S.); (P.W.); (I.R.)
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22
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The Salmonella enterica Plasmidome as a Reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071016. [PMID: 32650601 PMCID: PMC7409225 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains worldwide has become a serious problem for public health over recent decades. The increase in antimicrobial resistance has been expanding via plasmids as mobile genetic elements encoding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes that are transferred vertically and horizontally. This study focuses on Salmonella enterica, one of the leading foodborne pathogens in industrialized countries. S. enterica is known to carry several plasmids involved not only in virulence but also in AMR. In the current paper, we present an integrated strategy to detect plasmid scaffolds in whole genome sequencing (WGS) assemblies. We developed a two-step procedure to predict plasmids based on i) the presence of essential elements for plasmid replication and mobility, as well as ii) sequence similarity to a reference plasmid. Next, to confirm the accuracy of the prediction in 1750 S. enterica short-read sequencing data, we combined Oxford Nanopore MinION long-read sequencing with Illumina MiSeq short-read sequencing in hybrid assemblies for 84 isolates to evaluate the proportion of plasmid that has been detected. At least one scaffold with an origin of replication (ORI) was predicted in 61.3% of the Salmonella isolates tested. The results indicated that IncFII and IncI1 ORIs were distributed in many S. enterica serotypes and were the most prevalent AMR genes carrier, whereas IncHI2A/IncHI2 and IncA/C2 were more serotype restricted but bore several AMR genes. Comparison between hybrid and short-read assemblies revealed that 81.1% of plasmids were found in the short-read sequencing using our pipeline. Through this process, we established that plasmids are prevalent in S. enterica and we also substantially expand the AMR genes in the resistome of this species.
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23
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Oluwadare M, Lee MD, Grim CJ, Lipp EK, Cheng Y, Maurer JJ. The Role of the Salmonella spvB IncF Plasmid and Its Resident Entry Exclusion Gene traS on Plasmid Exclusion. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:949. [PMID: 32499773 PMCID: PMC7242723 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica cause significant illnesses worldwide. There has been a marked increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones and β-lactams/cephalosporins, antibiotics commonly used to treat salmonellosis. However, S. enterica serovars vary in their resistance to these and other antibiotics. The systemic virulence of some Salmonella serovars is due to a low copy number, IncF plasmid (65-100 kb) that contains the ADP-ribosylating toxin, SpvB. This virulence plasmid is present in only nine Salmonella serovars. It is possible that the spvB-virulence plasmid excludes other plasmids and may explain why antibiotic resistance is slow to develop in certain Salmonella serovars such as S. Enteritidis. The distribution of plasmid entry exclusion genes traS/traT and traY/excA are variable in Salmonella IncF and IncI plasmids, respectively and may account for differences in emergent antimicrobial resistance for some Salmonella serovars. The goal of this study is to determine the contribution of the Salmonella spvB-virulence plasmid in F-plasmid exclusion. From conjugation experiments, S. Typhimurium exhibited lower conjugation frequency with incFI and incFII plasmids when the spvB-virulence plasmid is present. Furthermore, introduction of cloned incFI traS into a "plasmidless" S. Typhimurium LT2 strain and Escherichia coli DH5α excluded incFI plasmid. However, deletion of the virulence plasmid traS did not affect plasmid exclusion significantly compared to a spvB control deletion. In addition, differences in F plasmid conjugation in natural Salmonella isolates did not correlate with IncF or SpvB-virulence plasmid genotype. There appear to be other plasmid or chromosomal genes at play in plasmid exclusion that may be responsible for the slow development of antibiotic resistance in certain serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mopelola Oluwadare
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Margie D. Lee
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Grim
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Erin K. Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - John J. Maurer
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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24
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Zheng Z, Li R, Ye L, Wai-Chi Chan E, Xia X, Chen S. Genetic Characterization of bla CTX-M-55 -Bearing Plasmids Harbored by Food-Borne Cephalosporin-Resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains in China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1338. [PMID: 31275270 PMCID: PMC6591265 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate and compare the complete nucleotide sequences of the multidrug resistance plasmids pVb0267 and pVb0499, which were recovered from foodborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates, and analyze the genetic environment of blaCTX–M–55 to provide insight into the dissemination mechanisms of this resistance element. Analysis of the sequences of plasmids pVb0267 (166,467 bp) and pVb0499 (192,739 bp) revealed that the backbones of these two plasmids exhibited a high degree of similarity with pR148, a recognized type 1a IncC plasmid recovered from Aeromonas hydrophila (99% identity). The resistance genes, found in both plasmids, included qacH, aadB, arr2, blaOXA–10, aadA1, sul1, tet(A), and blaCTX–M–55, which were mostly arranged in a specific region designated ARI-A. Plasmid pVb0499 was found to possess a larger size of ARI-A than pVb0267, which lacked a mer determination region, a qnr A segment, an aacC3 gene and several mobility-encoding genes. Comparative analysis of resistance island (RI) of these plasmids and others revealed the potential evolution route of these RI sequences. In conclusion, plasmids harboring the blaCTX–M–55 gene has been recovered in Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains of food origin. It is alarming to find that IncC plasmids harboring resistance islands are disseminating in aquatic bacterial strains. The continuous evolution of resistance genes in conjugative plasmid in aquatic bacteria could be due to bacterial adaption to aquaculture environment, where antibiotics were increasingly used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, The Hong Kong PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruichao Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, The Hong Kong PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lianwei Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, The Hong Kong PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, The Hong Kong PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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25
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Aerts M, Battisti A, Hendriksen R, Kempf I, Teale C, Tenhagen BA, Veldman K, Wasyl D, Guerra B, Liébana E, Thomas-López D, Belœil PA. Technical specifications on harmonised monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from food-producing animals and food. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05709. [PMID: 32626332 PMCID: PMC7009308 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proposals to update the harmonised monitoring and reporting of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from a public health perspective in Salmonella, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from food-producing animals and derived meat in the EU are presented in this report, accounting for recent trends in AMR, data collection needs and new scientific developments. Phenotypic monitoring of AMR in bacterial isolates, using microdilution methods for testing susceptibility and interpreting resistance using epidemiological cut-off values is reinforced, including further characterisation of those isolates of E. coli and Salmonella showing resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems, as well as the specific monitoring of ESBL/AmpC/carbapenemase-producing E. coli. Combinations of bacterial species, food-producing animals and meat, as well as antimicrobial panels have been reviewed and adapted, where deemed necessary. Considering differing sample sizes, numerical simulations have been performed to evaluate the related statistical power available for assessing occurrence and temporal trends in resistance, with a predetermined accuracy, to support the choice of harmonised sample size. Randomised sampling procedures, based on a generic proportionate stratified sampling process, have been reviewed and reinforced. Proposals to improve the harmonisation of monitoring of prevalence, genetic diversity and AMR in MRSA are presented. It is suggested to complement routine monitoring with specific cross-sectional surveys on MRSA in pigs and on AMR in bacteria from seafood and the environment. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of isolates obtained from the specific monitoring of ESBL/AmpC/carbapenemase-producing E. coli is strongly advocated to be implemented, on a voluntary basis, over the validity period of the next legislation, with possible mandatory implementation by the end of the period; the gene sequences encoding for ESBL/AmpC/carbapenemases being reported to EFSA. Harmonised protocols for WGS analysis/interpretation and external quality assurance programmes are planned to be provided by the EU-Reference Laboratory on AMR.
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Goławska O, Zając M, Maluta A, Pristas P, Hamarová Ľ, Wasyl D. Complex bacterial flora of imported pet tortoises deceased during quarantine: Another zoonotic threat? Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 65:154-159. [PMID: 31300107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Turtoises are a great puzzle when it comes to their bacterial flora, the composition and structure of which are still unknown in details. Its component which has been best described so far is Salmonella spp., presumably due to the threat of reptile-associated salmonellosis in humans. This investigation tried to assess and characterize intestinal bacterial flora of imported tortoises found dead during quarantine. Most of the animals carried various serovars of Salmonella showing no antimicrobial resistance. Presence of multiresistant Escherichia coli was possibly a result of industrial breeding and high usage of antimicrobials. Thirteen bacterial species or genera like Citrobacter spp., Morganella spp., Pseudomonas spp. were identified. Their commensal character is assumed, although pathogenic potential might be verified. The results indicate global tortoise trade as a source of common and exotic bacteria or antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in new geographical areas. These dangers indicate the need for a systematic survey of exotic pets and establishment of legal requirements for reptile health conditions on breeding, trade premises and in households with such pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Goławska
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zając
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | | | - Peter Pristas
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Hamarová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Science, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dariusz Wasyl
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland; Department of Omic Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland.
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27
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Bythwood TN, Soni V, Lyons K, Hurley-Bacon A, Lee MD, Hofacre C, Sanchez S, Maurer JJ. Antimicrobial Resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Colonizing Chickens: The Impact of Plasmids, Genotype, Bacterial Communities, and Antibiotic Administration on Resistance. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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28
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Haley BJ, Kim SW, Haendiges J, Keller E, Torpey D, Kim A, Crocker K, Myers RA, Van Kessel JAS. Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky recovered from human clinical cases in Maryland, USA (2011-2015). Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:382-392. [PMID: 30891945 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Kentucky is among the most frequently isolated S. enterica serovars from food animals in the United States. Recent research on isolates recovered from these animals suggests there may be geographic and host specificity signatures associated with S. Kentucky strains. However, the sources and genomic features of human clinical S. Kentucky isolated in the United States remain poorly described. To investigate the characteristics of clinical S. Kentucky and the possible sources of these infections, the genomes of all S. Kentucky isolates recovered from human clinical cases in the State of Maryland between 2011 and 2015 (n = 12) were sequenced and compared to a database of 525 previously sequenced S. Kentucky genomes representing 12 sequence types (ST) collected from multiple sources on several continents. Of the 12 human clinical S. Kentucky isolates from Maryland, nine were ST198, two were ST152, and one was ST314. Forty-one per cent of isolates were recovered from patients reporting recent international travel and 58% of isolates encoded genomic characteristics similar to those originating outside of the United States. Of the five isolates not associated with international travel, three encoded antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to tetracycline or aminoglycosides, while two others only encoded the cryptic aac(6')-Iaa gene. Five isolates recovered from individuals with international travel histories (ST198) and two for which travel was not recorded (ST198) encoded genes conferring resistance to between 4 and 7 classes of antibiotics. Seven ST198 genomes encoded the Salmonella Genomic Island 1 and substitutions in the gyrA and parC genes known to confer resistance to ciprofloxacin. Case report data on food consumption and travel were, for the most part, consistent with the inferred S. Kentucky phylogeny. Results of this study indicate that the majority of S. Kentucky infections in Maryland are caused by ST198 which may originate outside of North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradd J Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Area Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Area Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | | | - Eric Keller
- Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Torpey
- Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Kia Crocker
- Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Jo Ann S Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Area Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
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29
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Ambrose SJ, Harmer CJ, Hall RM. Evolution and typing of IncC plasmids contributing to antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Plasmid 2018; 99:40-55. [PMID: 30081066 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The large, broad host range IncC plasmids are important contributors to the spread of key antibiotic resistance genes and over 200 complete sequences of IncC plasmids have been reported. To track the spread of these plasmids accurate typing to identify the closest relatives is needed. However, typing can be complicated by the high variability in resistance gene content and various typing methods that rely on features of the conserved backbone have been developed. Plasmids can be broadly typed into two groups, type 1 and type 2, using four features that differentiate the otherwise closely related backbones. These types are found in many different countries in bacteria from humans and animals. However, hybrids of type 1 and type 2 are also occasionally seen, and two further types, each represented by a single plasmid, were distinguished. Generally, the antibiotic resistance genes are located within a small number of resistance islands, only one of which, ARI-B, is found in both type 1 and type 2. The introduction of each resistance island generates a new lineage and, though they are continuously evolving via the loss of resistance genes or introduction of new ones, the island positions serve as valuable lineage-specific markers. A current type 2 lineage of plasmids is derived from an early type 2 plasmid but the sequences of early type 1 plasmids include features not seen in more recent type 1 plasmids, indicating a shared ancestor rather than a direct lineal relationship. Some features, including ones essential for maintenance or for conjugation, have been examined experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Ambrose
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher J Harmer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Ruth M Hall
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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30
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Marquez-Ortiz RA, Haggerty L, Olarte N, Duarte C, Garza-Ramos U, Silva-Sanchez J, Castro BE, Sim EM, Beltran M, Moncada MV, Valderrama A, Castellanos JE, Charles IG, Vanegas N, Escobar-Perez J, Petty NK. Genomic Epidemiology of NDM-1-Encoding Plasmids in Latin American Clinical Isolates Reveals Insights into the Evolution of Multidrug Resistance. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 9:1725-1741. [PMID: 28854628 PMCID: PMC5554438 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria that produce the broad-spectrum Carbapenem antibiotic New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) place a burden on health care systems worldwide, due to the limited treatment options for infections caused by them and the rapid global spread of this antibiotic resistance mechanism. Although it is believed that the associated resistance gene blaNDM-1 originated in Acinetobacter spp., the role of Enterobacteriaceae in its dissemination remains unclear. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing to investigate the dissemination dynamics of blaNDM-1-positive plasmids in a set of 21 clinical NDM-1-positive isolates from Colombia and Mexico (Providencia rettgeri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii) as well as six representative NDM-1-positive Escherichia coli transconjugants. Additionally, the plasmids from three representative P. rettgeri isolates were sequenced by PacBio sequencing and finished. Our results demonstrate the presence of previously reported plasmids from K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii in different genetic backgrounds and geographically distant locations in Colombia. Three new previously unclassified plasmids were also identified in P. rettgeri from Colombia and Mexico, plus an interesting genetic link between NDM-1-positive P. rettgeri from distant geographic locations (Canada, Mexico, Colombia, and Israel) without any reported epidemiological links was discovered. Finally, we detected a relationship between plasmids present in P. rettgeri and plasmids from A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae. Overall, our findings suggest a Russian doll model for the dissemination of blaNDM-1 in Latin America, with P. rettgeri playing a central role in this process, and reveal new insights into the evolution and dissemination of plasmids carrying such antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricaurte Alejandro Marquez-Ortiz
- Bacterial Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.,The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leanne Haggerty
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Carolina Duarte
- Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ulises Garza-Ramos
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), CISEI, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jesus Silva-Sanchez
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), CISEI, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Betsy E Castro
- Bacterial Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Eby M Sim
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mauricio Beltran
- Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María V Moncada
- Bacterial Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | | | - Jaime E Castellanos
- Grupo de Patogénesis Infecciosa, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Ian G Charles
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha Vanegas
- Bacterial Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.,The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Javier Escobar-Perez
- Bacterial Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Nicola K Petty
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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31
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Nhung NT, Van NTB, Cuong NV, Duong TTQ, Nhat TT, Hang TTT, Nhi NTH, Kiet BT, Hien VB, Ngoc PT, Campbell J, Thwaites G, Carrique-Mas J. Antimicrobial residues and resistance against critically important antimicrobials in non-typhoidal Salmonella from meat sold at wet markets and supermarkets in Vietnam. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 266:301-309. [PMID: 29275223 PMCID: PMC5783717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessive antimicrobial usage and deficiencies in hygiene in meat production systems may result in undesirable human health hazards, such as the presence of antimicrobial drug residues and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), including antimicrobial resistant (AMR) NTS. Recently, Vietnam has witnessed the emergence of integrated intensive animal production systems, coexisting with more traditional, locally-sourced wet markets. To date no systematic studies have been carried out to compare health hazards in beef, pork and chicken in different production systems. We aimed to: (1) estimate the prevalence of antimicrobial residues in beef, pork and chicken meat; (2) investigate the prevalence and levels of NTS contamination; and (3) investigate serovar distribution and AMR against critically important antimicrobials by animal species and type of retail (wet market vs. supermarket) in Vietnam. Fresh pork, beef and chicken meat samples (N=357) sourced from wet markets and supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Hanoi and Dong Thap were screened for antimicrobial residues by PremiTest, and were further investigated by Charm II. Samples from HCMC (N=113) were cultured using ISO 6579:2002/Amd 1:2007. NTS bacteria were quantified using a minimum probable number (MPN) technique. NTS isolates were assigned to serovar by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), and were investigated for their phenotypic susceptibility against 32 antimicrobials. A total of 26 (7.3%) samples tested positive by PremiTest (9.5% beef, 4.1% pork and 8.4% chicken meat). Sulfonamides, tetracyclines and macrolides were detected by Charm in 3.1%, 2.8% and 2.0% samples, respectively. Overall, meat samples from wet markets had a higher prevalence of residues than those from supermarkets (9.6% vs. 2.6%) (p=0.016). NTS were isolated from 68.4% samples from HCMC. Chicken samples from wet markets had by far the highest NTS counts (median 3.2 logMPN/g). NTS isolates displayed high levels of resistance against quinolones (52.2%) and β-lactams (49.6%), but low levels against 3rd generation cephalosporins (4.4%) and aminoglycosides (0.8%). The highest adjusted prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) corresponded to isolates from chicken meat and pork (OR 8.3 and 1.8, respectively) (baseline=beef). S. Kentucky was the most common serovar identified (11 from chicken, 1 from beef) and 91.7% isolates was MDR. 11/12 isolates corresponded to ST198, a worldwide-disseminated multi-resistant NTS clone. We recommend stepping up policy measures to promote responsible antimicrobial use in animal production, as well as awareness about withdrawal periods to limit the hazard of residues in animal products, and improving slaughtering/hygiene procedures to limit cross-contamination with NTS, particularly in poultry wet markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Nhung
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Bich Van
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Van Cuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Tran Thi Nhat
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Hong Nhi
- Sub-Department of Animal Health and Production, Dong Thap Province, Viet Nam
| | - Bach Tuan Kiet
- Sub-Department of Animal Health and Production, Dong Thap Province, Viet Nam
| | - Vo Be Hien
- Sub-Department of Animal Health and Production, Dong Thap Province, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Thi Ngoc
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - James Campbell
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Carrique-Mas
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom
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32
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The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2016. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05182. [PMID: 32625816 PMCID: PMC7009656 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The data on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria in 2016, submitted by 28 EU Member States (MSs), were jointly analysed by the EFSA and ECDC. Resistance in bacterial isolates of zoonotic Salmonella and Campylobacter from humans, animals and food, and resistance in indicator Escherichia coli as well as in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from animals and food were addressed. 'Microbiological' resistance was assessed using epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values; for some countries, qualitative data on isolates from humans were interpreted in a way that corresponds closely to ECOFF-defined 'microbiological' resistance. In Salmonella from humans, the occurrence of resistance to ampicillin, sulfonamides and tetracyclines was high, whereas resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was low. In Salmonella and E. coli isolates from broilers, fattening turkeys and their meat, resistance to ampicillin, (fluoro)quinolones, tetracyclines and sulfonamides was frequently high, whereas resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was rare. The occurrence of ESBL-/AmpC producers was low in Salmonella and E. coli from poultry and in Salmonella from humans. The prevalence of ESBL-/AmpC-producing E. coli, assessed in poultry and its meat for the first time, showed marked variations among MSs. Fourteen presumptive carbapenemase-producing E. coli were detected from broilers and its meat in two MSs. Resistance to colistin was observed at low levels in Salmonella and E. coli from poultry and meat thereof and in Salmonella from humans. In Campylobacter from humans, broilers and broiler meat, resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracyclines was high to extremely high, whereas resistance to erythromycin was low to moderate. Combined resistance to critically important antimicrobials in isolates from both humans and animals was generally uncommon, but very high to extremely high multidrug resistance levels were observed in certain Salmonella serovars. Specific serovars of Salmonella (notably Kentucky) from both humans and animals exhibited high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin, in addition to findings of ESBL.
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Wasyl D, Zając M, Lalak A, Skarżyńska M, Samcik I, Kwit R, Jabłoński A, Bocian Ł, Woźniakowski G, Hoszowski A, Szulowski K. Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Wild Animals in Poland. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:807-815. [PMID: 29185858 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance was tested in Escherichia coli isolated from feces (n = 660) of red deer, roe deer, fallow deer, European bison, and wild boar shot in regional forests in Poland during two winter hunting seasons. Indicator E. coli (n = 542) was resistant against 11 of 14 tested compounds, mostly sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, ampicillin, trimethoprim, and tetracycline (1.3-6.6% range). No significant differences were observed between boar and ruminant isolates. Most of deer and bison isolates showed no resistance. Selective screening of wildlife samples revealed 1.7% prevalence of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli found mostly in wild boars. They produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-15) and plasmid-mediated AmpC-type cephalosporinase (blaCMY-2). The majority of the isolates originated from boars shot in a narrow time frame and space; therefore, common antimicrobial selection pressure in the environment was assumed. Three E. coli isolates carried plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1/S3). No transferable colistin resistance mechanisms were found in two resistant E. coli. Transferability of resistance was proved in a single pAmpC-positive isolate carrying IncI1-alpha 95 kb plasmid. No cephalosporin-resistant E. coli harbored pathogenicity markers; therefore, they might be considered a vector of resistance determinants, but not a pathogen themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Wasyl
- 1 National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute , Puławy, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zając
- 1 National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute , Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Lalak
- 1 National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute , Puławy, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skarżyńska
- 1 National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute , Puławy, Poland
| | - Ilona Samcik
- 1 National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute , Puławy, Poland
| | - Renata Kwit
- 1 National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute , Puławy, Poland
| | - Artur Jabłoński
- 2 Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute , Puławy, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bocian
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, National Veterinary Research Institute , Puławy, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Woźniakowski
- 2 Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute , Puławy, Poland
| | - Andrzej Hoszowski
- 1 National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute , Puławy, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szulowski
- 1 National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute , Puławy, Poland
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34
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ECDC/EFSA/EMA second joint report on the integrated analysis of the consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from humans and food-producing animals: Joint Interagency Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance Analysis (JIACRA) Report. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04872. [PMID: 32625542 PMCID: PMC7009874 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The second ECDC/EFSA/EMA joint report on the integrated analysis of antimicrobial consumption (AMC) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria from humans and food‐producing animals addressed data obtained by the Agencies’ EU‐wide surveillance networks for 2013–2015. AMC in both sectors, expressed in mg/kg of estimated biomass, were compared at country and European level. Substantial variations between countries were observed in both sectors. Estimated data on AMC for pigs and poultry were used for the first time. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to study associations between AMC and AMR. In 2014, the average AMC was higher in animals (152 mg/kg) than in humans (124 mg/kg), but the opposite applied to the median AMC (67 and 118 mg/kg, respectively). In 18 of 28 countries, AMC was lower in animals than in humans. Univariate analysis showed statistically‐significant (p < 0.05) associations between AMC and AMR for fluoroquinolones and Escherichia coli in both sectors, for 3rd‐ and 4th‐generation cephalosporins and E. coli in humans, and tetracyclines and polymyxins and E. coli in animals. In humans, there was a statistically‐significant association between AMC and AMR for carbapenems and polymyxins in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Consumption of macrolides in animals was significantly associated with macrolide resistance in Campylobacter coli in animals and humans. Multivariate analyses provided a unique approach to assess the contributions of AMC in humans and animals and AMR in bacteria from animals to AMR in bacteria from humans. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that 3rd‐ and 4th‐generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli from humans was associated with corresponding AMC in humans, whereas resistance to fluoroquinolones in Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. from humans was related to consumption of fluoroquinolones in animals. These results suggest that from a ‘One‐health’ perspective, there is potential in both sectors to further develop prudent use of antimicrobials and thereby reduce AMR.
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Xu C, Ren X, Feng Z, Fu Y, Hong Y, Shen Z, Zhang L, Liao M, Xu X, Zhang J. Phenotypic Characteristics and Genetic Diversity of Salmonella enterica Serotype Derby Isolated from Human Patients and Foods of Animal Origin. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:593-599. [PMID: 28708426 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Derby is among the three most common serotypes of nontyphoidal Salmonella isolated from patients with diarrhea in China. In this study, 133 Salmonella Derby isolates from human patients (n = 74) and foods of animal origin (n = 59) in Shanghai, China, between September 2013 and December 2014, were selected to study its phenotypic characteristics and genetic diversity. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, plasmid replicon typing, virulence profile determination, and molecular subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Isolates were frequently resistant to tetracycline (87.22%), sulfisoxazole (74.44%), and streptomycin (62.41%), and a low frequency of resistance was found toward ofloxacin (3.01%), ceftazidime (2.26%), and cefepime (1.50%); in addition, 93 (69.92%) isolates were multidrug resistant. The most common plasmid incompatibility replicon types were the IncF family (FIA, 51.31%; FIC, 27.82%; and FIB, 21.80%) and IncP types (35.34%): these plasmid types may be associated with the spread of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. All isolates were positive for the Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI) gene avrA and the fimbrial gene bcfC from among the 10 virulence genes detected, and most of them carried ssaQ (99.25%), mgtC (97.74%), siiD (98.50%), sopB (97.74%), and sopE (96.99%). PFGE showed 68 patterns in nine main clusters at an 85% similarity threshold. Most of the isolates from different sources possessed the same fingerprints or molecular profiles in each cluster, which strongly suggests the possibility that foods of animal origin, especially pork, serve as an important source for human infection. Moreover, this diversity may suggest strains originating from multiple clones. Therefore, surveillance on this serotype should be strengthened to prevent transmission of Salmonella Derby from foods of animal origin, especially pork, to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Xu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Ren
- 1 Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Feng
- 1 Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Fu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfen Hong
- 1 Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Zujie Shen
- 1 Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- 1 Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- 2 Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China
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Xia J, Fang LX, Cheng K, Xu GH, Wang XR, Liao XP, Liu YH, Sun J. Clonal Spread of 16S rRNA Methyltransferase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST37 with High Prevalence of ESBLs from Companion Animals in China. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:529. [PMID: 28446899 PMCID: PMC5389360 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We screened 30 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from dogs and cats at a single animal hospital in Guangdong Province, China. Among them, 12 K. pneumoniae strains possessed high-level resistance to amikacin and gentamicin and these were screened for 16S rRNA methyltransferase (16S-RMTase) genes. And then the genes positive isolates were detected for ESBLs (extended spectrum β-lactamases) and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, PCR-based replicon typing and plasmid analysis. The genetic profiles of rmtB were also determined by PCR mapping. The twelve 16S-RMTase gene-positive isolates were rmtB (11/30) and armA (2/30) with one isolate carrying both genes. Extended spectrum β-lactamases genes were represented by blaCTX-M-55 (9/12), blaCTX-M-27 (2/12) and blaCTX-M-14 (1/12). The twelve 16S-RMTase containing strains were grouped into five clonal patterns and ST37 was the most prevalent sequence type. Ten rmtB-bearing plasmids conjugated successfully and all belonged to IncN and IncF (F33:A-:B-) incompatibility groups. Nine of the transconjugants carried a 97 kb plasmid and the other harbored both ∼60 and ∼200 kb plasmids. rmtB and blaCTX-M-55 were present on the same plasmid and indicated the co-transfer of these two genes, with the rmtB gene showing highly relevant relationships with IS26 and Tn3. Our findings suggested a high prevalence of 16S-RMTase genes in K. pneumonia ST37 from dogs and cats. Additional studies are needed to trace the evolutionary path of this type of resistance among the K. pneumonia isolates, and to determine whether they have been transferred to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Hao Xu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ran Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Murphy D, Ricci A, Auce Z, Beechinor JG, Bergendahl H, Breathnach R, Bureš J, Duarte Da Silva JP, Hederová J, Hekman P, Ibrahim C, Kozhuharov E, Kulcsár G, Lander Persson E, Lenhardsson JM, Mačiulskis P, Malemis I, Markus-Cizelj L, Michaelidou-Patsia A, Nevalainen M, Pasquali P, Rouby JC, Schefferlie J, Schlumbohm W, Schmit M, Spiteri S, Srčič S, Taban L, Tiirats T, Urbain B, Vestergaard EM, Wachnik-Święcicka A, Weeks J, Zemann B, Allende A, Bolton D, Chemaly M, Fernandez Escamez PS, Girones R, Herman L, Koutsoumanis K, Lindqvist R, Nørrung B, Robertson L, Ru G, Sanaa M, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Snary E, Speybroeck N, Ter Kuile B, Wahlström H, Baptiste K, Catry B, Cocconcelli PS, Davies R, Ducrot C, Friis C, Jungersen G, More S, Muñoz Madero C, Sanders P, Bos M, Kunsagi Z, Torren Edo J, Brozzi R, Candiani D, Guerra B, Liebana E, Stella P, Threlfall J, Jukes H. EMA and EFSA Joint Scientific Opinion on measures to reduce the need to use antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in the European Union, and the resulting impacts on food safety (RONAFA). EFSA J 2017; 15:e04666. [PMID: 32625259 PMCID: PMC7010070 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
EFSA and EMA have jointly reviewed measures taken in the EU to reduce the need for and use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, and the resultant impacts on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Reduction strategies have been implemented successfully in some Member States. Such strategies include national reduction targets, benchmarking of antimicrobial use, controls on prescribing and restrictions on use of specific critically important antimicrobials, together with improvements to animal husbandry and disease prevention and control measures. Due to the multiplicity of factors contributing to AMR, the impact of any single measure is difficult to quantify, although there is evidence of an association between reduction in antimicrobial use and reduced AMR. To minimise antimicrobial use, a multifaceted integrated approach should be implemented, adapted to local circumstances. Recommended options (non-prioritised) include: development of national strategies; harmonised systems for monitoring antimicrobial use and AMR development; establishing national targets for antimicrobial use reduction; use of on-farm health plans; increasing the responsibility of veterinarians for antimicrobial prescribing; training, education and raising public awareness; increasing the availability of rapid and reliable diagnostics; improving husbandry and management procedures for disease prevention and control; rethinking livestock production systems to reduce inherent disease risk. A limited number of studies provide robust evidence of alternatives to antimicrobials that positively influence health parameters. Possible alternatives include probiotics and prebiotics, competitive exclusion, bacteriophages, immunomodulators, organic acids and teat sealants. Development of a legislative framework that permits the use of specific products as alternatives should be considered. Further research to evaluate the potential of alternative farming systems on reducing AMR is also recommended. Animals suffering from bacterial infections should only be treated with antimicrobials based on veterinary diagnosis and prescription. Options should be reviewed to phase out most preventive use of antimicrobials and to reduce and refine metaphylaxis by applying recognised alternative measures.
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Salmonellosis: the role of poultry meat. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:110-121. [PMID: 26708671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salmonellosis remains one of the most frequent food-borne zoonoses, constituting a worldwide major public health concern. Currently, at a global level, the main sources of infection for humans include meat products, including the consumption of contaminated poultry meat, in spite of the success of Salmonella control measures implemented in food-animal production of industrialized countries. In recent years, a shift in Salmonella serotypes related to poultry and poultry production has been reported in diverse geographical regions, being particularly associated with the spread of certain well-adapted clones. Moreover, antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella is considered one of the major public health threats related with food-animal production, including the poultry production chain and poultry meat, which is an additional concern in the management of salmonellosis. The circulation of the same multidrug-resistant Salmonella clones and/or identical mobile genetic elements encoding antibiotic resistance genes from poultry to humans highlights this scenario. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the role of poultry meat on salmonellosis at a global scale and the main problems that could hinder the success of Salmonella control measures at animal production level. With the increasing globalization of foodstuffs like poultry meat, new problems and challenges might arise regarding salmonellosis control, making new integrated intervention strategies necessary along the food chain.
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Ktari S, Le Hello S, Ksibi B, Courdavault L, Mnif B, Maalej S, Fabre L, Hammami A, Weill FX. Carbapenemase-producing Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198, North Africa. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:3405-7. [PMID: 26377865 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ktari
- Faculté de médecine de Sfax, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Simon Le Hello
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Centre National de Référence des Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella, Paris, France
| | - Boutheina Ksibi
- Faculté de médecine de Sfax, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Basma Mnif
- Faculté de médecine de Sfax, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sonda Maalej
- Faculté de médecine de Sfax, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Laetitia Fabre
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Centre National de Référence des Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella, Paris, France
| | - Adnene Hammami
- Faculté de médecine de Sfax, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - François-Xavier Weill
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Centre National de Référence des Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella, Paris, France
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Complete sequence of a bla(KPC)-harboring cointegrate plasmid isolated from Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:2956-9. [PMID: 25753632 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00041-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizontal transfer of bla(KPC)-harboring plasmids contributes significantly to the inter- and intraspecies spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC). Here we report the complete nucleotide sequence of a bla(KPC)-harboring IncFIA plasmid, pBK32533, from Escherichia coli. pBK32533 is a cointegrate plasmid comprising of a 72-kb sequence identical to that of the nonconjugative pBK30661 plasmid plus an additional 170-kb element that harbors the genes for plasmid transfer. pBK32533 demonstrates how bla(KPC) can be spread from a nonconjugative plasmid through cointegration.
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