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Obaidat MM, AlShehabat IA. High multidrug resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and association with water sources in sheep and goat dairy flocks in Jordan. Prev Vet Med 2023; 215:105922. [PMID: 37084631 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a significant pathogen that causes listeriosis in humans and small ruminants. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and risk factors of L. monocytogenes in small dairy ruminants in Jordan. A total of 948 milk samples were collected from 155 sheep and goat flocks across Jordan. L. monocytogenes was isolated from the samples, confirmed and tested for 13 clinically important antimicrobials. Data were also collected on the husbandry practices to identify risk factors for the presence of L. monocytogenes. The results showed that the flock-level prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 20.0% (95% CI; 14.46%-26.99%) and the prevalence in the individual milk samples was 6.43% (95% CI; 4.92%-8.36%). The univariable (UOR=2.65, p = 0.021) and multivariable (AOR=2.49, p = 0.028) analyses showed that using water from municipality pipelines as a water source in the flock reduced L. monocytogenes prevalence. All L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. High percentages of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin (83.6%), streptomycin (79.3%), kanamycin (75.0%), quinupristin/dalfopristin (63.8%) and clindamycin (61.2%). About 83.6% of the isolates (94.2% and 75% of the sheep and goat isolates) exhibited multidrug resistance (resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes). In addition, the isolates exhibited fifty unique antimicrobial resistance profiles. Thus, it's recommended to restrict the misuse of clinically important antimicrobials and to chlorinate and monitor the water sources in sheep and goat flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Obaidat
- Department of Vet. Pathol.and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Issa A AlShehabat
- Department of Vet. Pathol.and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan
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2
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Kim J, Kim JW, Kim HY. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in clinical ruminant cases in Korea. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109694. [PMID: 36871522 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne human and veterinary pathogen, is associated with high mortality rates in ruminants. However, no studies have investigated the antimicrobial resistance of L. monocytogenes isolates from clinical ruminant cases. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of L. monocytogenes isolates from clinical cases of Korean ruminants. We collected 24 L. monocytogenes isolates from aborted bovine fetuses and goats presenting with listeriosis-related symptoms. The isolates were subjected to PCR serogrouping, conventional serotyping, virulence gene detection, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Furthermore, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing were used to classify and compare genetic diversity among the isolates, including human L. monocytogenes isolates. The most prevalent L. monocytogenes serotypes were 4b (Ⅳb), 1/2a (Ⅱa; Ⅱc), and 1/2b (Ⅱb). All isolates harbored the virulence genes; however, llsX-encoding listeriolysin were identified only in serotypes 4b and 1/2b. All isolates, including two found in humans, formed three genetically diverse pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clusters according to serotype, lineage, and sequence type. The most prevalent sequence type was ST1, followed by ST365 and ST91. The isolates from ruminants with listeriosis were resistant to oxacillin and ceftriaxone and showed diverse lineage, serotype (serogroup), and sequence type characteristics. Considering that the atypical sequence types exhibited clinical manifestations and histopathological lesions, further study is needed to elucidate the pathogenicity of genetically diverse ruminant L. monocytogenes isolates. Furthermore, continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance is required to prevent the emergence of L. monocytogenes strains resistant to common antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Schoder D, Pelz A, Paulsen P. Transmission Scenarios of Listeria monocytogenes on Small Ruminant On-Farm Dairies. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020265. [PMID: 36673359 PMCID: PMC9858201 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can cause severe foodborne infections in humans and invasive diseases in different animal species, especially in small ruminants. Infection of sheep and goats can occur via contaminated feed or through the teat canal. Both infection pathways result in direct (e.g., raw milk from an infected udder or fresh cheese produced from such milk) or indirect exposure of consumers. The majority of dairy farmers produces a high-risk product, namely fresh cheese made from raw ewe's and goat's milk. This, and the fact that L. monocytogenes has an extraordinary viability, poses a significant challenge to on-farm dairies. Yet, surprisingly, almost no scientific studies have been conducted dealing with the hygiene and food safety aspects of directly marketed dairy products. L. monocytogenes prevalence studies on small ruminant on-farm dairies are especially limited. Therefore, it was our aim to focus on three main transmission scenarios of this important major foodborne pathogen: (i) the impact of caprine and ovine listerial mastitis; (ii) the significance of clinical listeriosis and outbreak scenarios; and (iii) the impact of farm management and feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Schoder
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Vétérinaires sans Frontières Austria, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-25077-3520
| | - Alexandra Pelz
- Vétérinaires sans Frontières Austria, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Paulsen
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Matto C, Gianneechini RE, Rodríguez V, Schanzembach MA, Braga V, Mota MI, Rivero R, Varela G. Listeria innocua and serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from clinical cases in small ruminants in the northwest of Uruguay. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Listeriosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Listeria, the neurological form being more common in ruminants. There are many reports of listeriosis in small ruminants in the region that includes Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. However, these diagnoses were mainly based on histological lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) without the isolation and characterization of the involved Listeria strains. The aim of this study was to report sheep and goats listeriosis cases from 2016 to 2021 in northwestern Uruguay. The diagnosis was made according to lesions observed at histopathology, plus Listeria isolation in CNS, identifying it at specie and serotype level. Nine animals (n=9) of three outbreaks and five sporadic cases of listeriosis were studied. Sheep was the species with more cases in relation to goats, and adults were the category most affected. Cases occurred in spring and less frequently in winter. All presented neurological clinical signs and the lesions in the CNS were consistent with suppurative meningoencephalitis and micro-abscesses in the brainstem. In eight of nine CNS samples, Listeria strains were isolated (seven L. monocytogenes and one L. innocua). All the L. monocytogenes isolates carried the inlA gene; serotyping showed that four strains belonged to serotype 1/2b, two isolates belonged to serotype 4b, and one to serotype 1/2a. Considering that listeriosis is a common disease in this region and the fact that isolates are scarcely recovered from small ruminants, it would be important to emphasize the need for Listeria isolation to better characterize the strains that affect animals. Not only to improve knowledge about the epidemiology of disease but also with the objective of developing serotype specific vaccines for animal use.
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De Angelis ME, Martino C, Chiaverini A, Di Pancrazio C, Di Marzio V, Bosica S, Malatesta D, Salucci S, Sulli N, Acciari VA, Pomilio F. Co-Infection of L. monocytogenes and Toxoplasma gondii in a Sheep Flock Causing Abortion and Lamb Deaths. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1647. [PMID: 36014064 PMCID: PMC9415574 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abortion in livestock is a public health burden, and the cause of economic losses for farmers. Abortion can be multifactorial, and a deep diagnostic investigation is important to reduce the spread of zoonotic disease and public health prevention. In our study, a multidisciplinary investigation was conducted to address the cause of increased abortion and lamb mortality on a farm, which detected a co-infection of Listeria monocytogenes and Toxoplasma gondii. Hence, it was possible to conclude that this was the reason for a reduced flock health status and the cause of an increased abortion rate. Furthermore, the investigation work and identification of the L. monocytogenes infection root allowed the reduction of economic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camillo Martino
- Camillo Martino, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alexandra Chiaverini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pancrazio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Violeta Di Marzio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Serena Bosica
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniela Malatesta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Stefania Salucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Nadia Sulli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Vicdalia Aniela Acciari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Bagatella S, Tavares-Gomes L, Oevermann A. Listeria monocytogenes at the interface between ruminants and humans: A comparative pathology and pathogenesis review. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:186-210. [PMID: 34856818 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211052659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is widely distributed in the environment as a saprophyte, but may turn into a lethal intracellular pathogen upon ingestion. Invasive infections occur in numerous species worldwide, but most commonly in humans and farmed ruminants, and manifest as distinct forms. Of those, neuroinfection is remarkably threatening due to its high mortality. Lm is widely studied not only as a pathogen but also as an essential model for intracellular infections and host-pathogen interactions. Many aspects of its ecology and pathogenesis, however, remain unclear and are rarely addressed in its natural hosts. This review highlights the heterogeneity and adaptability of Lm by summarizing its association with the environment, farm animals, and disease. It also provides current knowledge on key features of the pathology and (molecular) pathogenesis of various listeriosis forms in naturally susceptible species with a special focus on ruminants and on the neuroinvasive form of the disease. Moreover, knowledge gaps on pathomechanisms of listerial infections and relevant unexplored topics in Lm pathogenesis research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bagatella
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leticia Tavares-Gomes
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Rodriguez C, Taminiau B, García-Fuentes E, Daube G, Korsak N. Listeria monocytogenes dissemination in farming and primary production: Sources, shedding and control measures. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Precht C, Vermathen P, Henke D, Staudacher A, Lauper J, Seuberlich T, Oevermann A, Schweizer-Gorgas D. Correlative Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histopathology in Small Ruminant Listeria Rhombencephalitis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:518697. [PMID: 33391140 PMCID: PMC7773005 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.518697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Listeria rhombencephalitis, infection of the brainstem with Listeria monocytogenes, occurs mainly in humans and farmed ruminants and is associated with high fatality rates. Small ruminants (goats and sheep) are a large animal model due to neuropathological similarities. The purpose of this study was to define magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of listeria rhombencephalitis in naturally infected small ruminants and correlate them with histopathology. Secondly, the purpose of this study was to compare the results with MRI findings reported in humans. Methods: Twenty small ruminants (13 sheep and 7 goats) with listeria rhombencephalitis were prospectively enrolled and underwent in vivo MRI of the brain, including T2-weighted, fluid attenuation inversion recovery, and T1-weighted sequences pre- and post-contrast administration and postmortem histopathology. In MRI, lesions were characterized by location, extent, border definition, signal intensity, and contrast enhancement. In histopathology, the location, cell type, severity, and chronicity of inflammatory infiltrates and signs of vascular damage were recorded. In addition, histopathologic slides were matched to MRIs, and histopathologic and MRI features were compared. Results: Asymmetric T2-hyperintense lesions in the brainstem were observed in all animals and corresponded to the location and pattern of inflammatory infiltrates in histopathology. Contrast enhancement in the brainstem was observed in 10 animals and was associated with vessel wall damage and perivascular fibrin accumulation in 8 of 10 animals. MRI underestimated the extension into rostral brain parts and the involvement of trigeminal ganglia and meninges. Conclusion: Asymmetric T2-hyperintense lesions in the brainstem with or without contrast enhancement can be established as criteria for the diagnosis of listeria rhombencephalitis in small ruminants. Brainstem lesions were similar to human listeria rhombencephalitis in terms of signal intensity and location. Different from humans, contrast enhancement was a rare finding, and abscessation was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Precht
- Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vermathen
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Methodology, Department of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diana Henke
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne Staudacher
- Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Josiane Lauper
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Torsten Seuberlich
- Neurocenter, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Neurocenter, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Schweizer-Gorgas
- Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Barman NN, Nath AJ, Doley S, Begum SA, Kakati P, Das SK, Rahman T, Bhuyan D, Baishya BC, Goswami S. Listeriosis in a peri-urban area: Cultural and molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from encephalitic goats. Vet World 2020; 13:1743-1749. [PMID: 33132584 PMCID: PMC7566257 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1743-1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Listeriosis in food animals bears a significant threat to human health. Detailed investigations into the cause facilitate proper management of the disease. This study reports the cultural, pathological, and molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from encephalitic goats from peri-urban Guwahati, Assam. Materials and Methods: Out of nine suspected samples, five positive isolates of L. monocytogenes were subjected to bacteriological, biochemical, and molecular tests. The genus and species-specific L. monocytogenes 16S rRNA and prs genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to yield 1200 and 370 bp sized products, respectively. The encephalitic form of the disease was characterized by circling movement, high fever, and terminal recumbence. Results: All the five isolates were confirmed to be L. monocytogenes based on PCR amplification of genus and species-specific 16S rRNA and prs gene products. The isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline (OTC), and norfloxacin, but resistant to doxycycline and erythromycin. A high dose of OTC was used in a goat at the early stage of clinical symptom and the animal recovered clinically. Conclusion: Listeriosis in goats could pose a significant public health threat as the meat (occasionally milk) or meat products from goats are widely consumed by the people of Assam. Understanding the molecular epidemiological aspects of L. monocytogenes infections of food animal species should, therefore, be the priority in this part of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Nath Barman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anjan Jyoti Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Joyhing, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - Sharmita Doley
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Shameem Ara Begum
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Parikshit Kakati
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sailendra Kumar Das
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Taibur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dipak Bhuyan
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bhaben Chandra Baishya
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Susanta Goswami
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Hirz M, Prenger‐Berninghoff E, Förster C, Fey K, Herden C. Listeria monocytogenes
meningoencephalomyelitis most likely due to septic spread as a rare cause of neurological disease and fever in an adult horse. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Hirz
- Institut für Veterinär‐PathologieJustus‐Liebig‐Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Ellen Prenger‐Berninghoff
- Institut für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten der TiereJustus‐Liebig‐Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Christine Förster
- Institut für Virologie ‐ Fachbereich VeterinärmedizinJustus‐Liebig‐Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Kerstin Fey
- Klinik für Pferde ‐ Innere MedizinJustus‐Liebig‐Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institut für Veterinär‐PathologieJustus‐Liebig‐Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
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11
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Papić B, Kušar D, Zdovc I, Golob M, Pate M. Retrospective investigation of listeriosis outbreaks in small ruminants using different analytical approaches for whole genome sequencing-based typing of Listeria monocytogenes. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 77:104047. [PMID: 31629888 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, a serious disease affecting both humans and animals. While listeriosis outbreaks in humans are commonly investigated in detail, routine typing of L. monocytogenes is generally not performed in animal outbreaks. Here, seven presumable listeriosis outbreaks in small ruminants were retrospectively identified based on the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles. Outbreaks were further characterised using three different analytical approaches based on the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data: core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), whole-genome MLST (wgMLST) and whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) typing. A monoclonal pattern of all seven outbreaks was identified using all three approaches, indicating common-source outbreaks. The outbreak strains belonged to sequence types (STs) 1 (n = 3), ST18 (n = 1), ST21 (n = 2) and ST184 (n = 1). Two epidemiologically linked ST1 outbreaks with indistinguishable PFGE profiles showed a polyphyletic nature and differed in >78 SNPs; thus, they were classified as separate outbreaks according to WGS. In ST184, the outbreak strain was also found in faeces of apparently healthy ruminants, silage and water collected from the trough, which were the most likely source(s) of infection. The outbreak-associated isolates differed in 0-7 cgMLST alleles, 0-12 wgMLST alleles and 1-13 SNPs. The minimum genetic diversity between outbreak-associated isolates and epidemiologically unrelated isolates of the same ST was low in all analysed cases, approaching the maximum diversity within the outbreak cluster. The results suggest that a fixed threshold to define the outbreak cluster should only be considered as a guide and highlight the role of epidemiological data for outbreak confirmation. The identified cgMLST clusters may be further investigated by wgMLST and/or wgSNP typing to increase confidence during investigations of outbreaks caused by highly clonal L. monocytogenes groups. This study gives an overview of the inter- and intra-outbreak genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes strains involved in animal outbreaks, hence improving their investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Papić
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Darja Kušar
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Irena Zdovc
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Majda Golob
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mateja Pate
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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12
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Papić B, Golob M, Kušar D, Pate M, Zdovc I. Source tracking on a dairy farm reveals a high occurrence of subclinical mastitis due to hypervirulent Listeria monocytogenes clonal complexes. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1349-1361. [PMID: 31432571 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS An extensive source investigation was conducted on a dairy farm with neurolisteriosis and subclinical mastitis cases to identify infection source and potential transmission routes of Listeria monocytogenes. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 36 L. monocytogenes isolates were obtained from animal clinical cases (neurolisteriosis and udder infection) and the farm environment (silage, faeces, water). Isolates were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Their virulence potential was assessed using the gentamicin protection assay and WGS-based identification of virulence genes. PFGE and WGS revealed a high genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes. An epidemiological link was confirmed for isolates from (i) several subclinical mastitis cases, (ii) silage and subclinical mastitis cases and (iii) different water sources. The neurolisteriosis isolate belonged to clonal complex (CC) 1, but infection source was not identified. A high occurrence (9/47 cows; 19·1%) of subclinical mastitis was observed with isolates belonging to CC2, CC4 and CC11. CONCLUSIONS The dairy farm environment was contaminated with diverse L. monocytogenes strains, including genotypes associated with human disease. Several isolates harboured genetic determinants associated with increased infectious potential in humans. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Results suggest that subclinical listerial mastitis should not be neglected as a potential source of milk contamination. The presence of hypervirulent CCs in subclinical mastitis cases calls for the implementation of improved mastitis detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Papić
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Golob
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - D Kušar
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Pate
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I Zdovc
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Kotzamanidis C, Papadopoulos T, Vafeas G, Tsakos P, Giantzi V, Zdragas A. Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from encephalitis cases of small ruminants from different geographical regions, in Greece. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1373-1382. [PMID: 30835952 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and resistance phenotypes of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from clinical encephalitis cases, and compare this population to isolates derived from tank milk of healthy animals. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 57 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from ruminant's listeriosis cases (n = 31) and from tank milk of healthy ruminants (n = 26) were characterized by species PCR, molecular serotyping, PCR detection of virulence genes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. All strains possessed inlA, inlC, inlJ, plcA, actA, hlyA and iap virulence-associated genes while serotyping analysis revealed that they were mainly assigned into IVb group. Genotyping revealed 50 pulsotypes among the 57 strains assigned into seven clusters while indistinguishable pulsotypes between clinical and milk strains were not identified. Resistance of L. monocytogenes isolates to 14-16 antimicrobial agents tested was observed and 23 antimicrobial resistance profiles (ARPs) were defined while no apparent predominant ARP type was observed among isolates. CONCLUSIONS Small ruminants are exposed to a broad range of antimicrobial-resistant as well as genetically diverse strains of L. monocytogenes carrying virulence-associated genes but not all of them associated with the disease. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis suggests that pulsotypes associated with encephalitis are found in farms only in association with listeriosis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings are valuable in understanding the ecology of this important food-borne pathogen and creating awareness for the emerging antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kotzamanidis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - T Papadopoulos
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Vafeas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - P Tsakos
- Ministry of Rural Development and Food Directorate of Veterinary Centre of Thessaloniki Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Brucellosis, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V Giantzi
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
| | - A Zdragas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-DEMETER, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Thermi, Greece
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Precht C, Diserens G, Vermathen M, Oevermann A, Lauper J, Vermathen P. Metabolic profiling of listeria rhombencephalitis in small ruminants by 1 H high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e4023. [PMID: 30328643 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Listeria rhombencephalitis is caused by infection with Listeria monocytogenes and is associated with a high mortality rate in humans and ruminants. Little is known about the metabolic changes associated with neurolisteriosis in particular and infectious central nervous system (CNS) diseases in general. The purpose of our study was to investigate the metabolic changes associated with listeria rhombencephalitis in small ruminants (goats and sheep) as a model for inflammatory CNS disease by 1 H high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy of brain biopsies obtained from the brainstem and thalamus. Statistical analysis revealed distinct differences in the metabolic profile of brainstem biopsies, the primary location of listeria rhombencephalitis with moderate or severe inflammatory changes. N-Acetylaspartate (NAA), N-acetylaspartylglutamate, choline, myo-inositol and scyllo-inositol were decreased, and glycine, phosphocholine, taurine and lactate were increased, in the diseased group (n = 13) in comparison with the control group (n = 12). In the thalamus, which showed no or only mild inflammatory changes in the majority of animals, no statistically significant metabolic changes were observed. However, trends for metabolic alterations were partly the same as those found in the brainstem, including NAA, choline and lactate. This may be an indicator of metabolic changes occurring in the early stages of the disease. Therefore, further research with a larger number of animals is needed to evaluate the presence of subtle metabolic changes associated with mild inflammatory changes in the thalamus. In conclusion, 1 H HR-MAS NMR investigation of listeria rhombencephalitis identified brain metabolite changes, offering new insights into the disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Precht
- Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gaëlle Diserens
- AMSM, Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Vermathen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Josiane Lauper
- Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vermathen
- AMSM, Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Stein H, Stessl B, Brunthaler R, Loncaric I, Weissenböck H, Ruczizka U, Ladinig A, Schwarz L. Listeriosis in fattening pigs caused by poor quality silage - a case report. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:362. [PMID: 30463612 PMCID: PMC6249783 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Listeria (L.) monocytogenes as the causative agent of listeriosis in humans and different animal species, has its reservoir in the environment. It can be found in the gut and faeces of healthy pigs, but under certain circumstances it may cause clinical disease. Fatteners are usually not known to get affected by Listeria-associated septicaemia and enteritis. This case report shows, that L. monocytogenes should be part of the list of differential diagnoses, when fattening pigs suffer from haemorrhagic diarrhoea and septicaemia. Case presentation Here, we report of an episode of fatal listeriosis in fattening pigs in a piglet producing farm in Lower Austria, which was combined with a fattening unit with space for 450 fatteners. The mortality rate resulted in 7.8% among fattening pigs after suffering from clinical symptoms such as anorexia, bloody diarrhoea and increased body temperature. Two fattening pigs with clinical symptoms and maize silage samples were used for further diagnostics. L. monocytogenes were isolated from serosa samples of the pigs and in the corresponding fed maize silage. One animal was positively tested for Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, which may have also been involved in the development of colitis. Immunohistochemically, L. monocytogenes could be detected in high amounts in lymphatic tissue of the gut. Molecular biological characterisation of the L. monocytogenes isolates from pigs and maize silage resulted in an identical DNA-fingerprint assigned to sequence type (ST) 21. Additionally, a high content of deoxynivalenol (3000 parts per billion) was found in maize silage. Therefore, the maize silage produced under inappropriate ensilaging conditions in a silo, was most likely the source of infection. Antimicrobial therapy with amoxicillin led to a fast cure of the remaining affected fatteners. Conclusion To conclude, we were able to show, that L. monocytogenes can cause clinical disease in finishing pigs, which may have been a result of immunosuppression due to high deoxynivalenol exposure. When feeding silage it is important that all ensilaging procedures occur under appropriate anaerobic conditions to guarantee suppression of listerial growth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1687-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Stein
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Current address: Vetpraxis Hegerberg, Kasten, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rene Brunthaler
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Weissenböck
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Ruczizka
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Schwarz
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Chlebicz A, Śliżewska K. Campylobacteriosis, Salmonellosis, Yersiniosis, and Listeriosis as Zoonotic Foodborne Diseases: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E863. [PMID: 29701663 PMCID: PMC5981902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zoonoses are diseases transmitted from animals to humans, posing a great threat to the health and life of people all over the world. According to WHO estimations, 600 million cases of diseases caused by contaminated food were noted in 2010, including almost 350 million caused by pathogenic bacteria. Campylobacter, Salmonella, as well as Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes may dwell in livestock (poultry, cattle, and swine) but are also found in wild animals, pets, fish, and rodents. Animals, often being asymptomatic carriers of pathogens, excrete them with faeces, thus delivering them to the environment. Therefore, pathogens may invade new individuals, as well as reside on vegetables and fruits. Pathogenic bacteria also penetrate food production areas and may remain there in the form of a biofilm covering the surfaces of machines and equipment. A common occurrence of microbes in food products, as well as their improper or careless processing, leads to common poisonings. Symptoms of foodborne infections may be mild, sometimes flu-like, but they also may be accompanied by severe complications, some even fatal. The aim of the paper is to summarize and provide information on campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, yersiniosis, and listeriosis and the aetiological factors of those diseases, along with the general characteristics of pathogens, virulence factors, and reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chlebicz
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Śliżewska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
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17
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Steckler AJ, Cardenas-Alvarez MX, Townsend Ramsett MK, Dyer N, Bergholz TM. Genetic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from ruminant listeriosis from different geographical regions in the U.S. Vet Microbiol 2018; 215:93-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Prevalence and methodologies for detection, characterization and subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes and L. ivanovii in foods and environmental sources. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Takahashi H, Iwakawa A, Ohshima C, Kyoui D, Kumano S, Kuda T, Kimura B. A rapid typing method for Listeria monocytogenes based on high-throughput multilocus sequence typing (Hi-MLST). Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 243:84-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Asymmetrical signs of brainstem disease occur relatively infrequently in ruminants. The most common differential diagnoses include listeriosis, otitis media/interna, and pituitary abscess syndrome. Although these conditions produce signs of brainstem dysfunction, the diseases can usually be differentiated based on historical findings and subtle clinical differences. Basic laboratory diagnostic tests are often not specific in the definitive diagnosis but may be supportive. Advanced imaging techniques have proven to be useful in the diagnosis of otitis media/interna. Presumptive clinical diagnosis is confirmed at necropsy. Treatment involves a prolonged course of antibiotic therapy but is unrewarding in cases of pituitary abscess syndrome.
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21
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Dreyer M, Aguilar-Bultet L, Rupp S, Guldimann C, Stephan R, Schock A, Otter A, Schüpbach G, Brisse S, Lecuit M, Frey J, Oevermann A. Listeria monocytogenes sequence type 1 is predominant in ruminant rhombencephalitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36419. [PMID: 27848981 PMCID: PMC5111077 DOI: 10.1038/srep36419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen causing life-threatening infections in diverse mammalian species including humans and ruminants. As little is known on the link between strains and clinicopathological phenotypes, we studied potential strain-associated virulence and organ tropism in L. monocytogenes isolates from well-defined ruminant cases of clinical infections and the farm environment. The phylogeny of isolates and their virulence-associated genes were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and sequence analysis of virulence-associated genes. Additionally, a panel of representative isolates was subjected to in vitro infection assays. Our data suggest the environmental exposure of ruminants to a broad range of strains and yet the strong association of sequence type (ST) 1 from clonal complex (CC) 1 with rhombencephalitis, suggesting increased neurotropism of ST1 in ruminants, which is possibly related to its hypervirulence. This study emphasizes the importance of considering clonal background of L. monocytogenes isolates in surveillance, epidemiological investigation and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Dreyer
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisandra Aguilar-Bultet
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Rupp
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Guldimann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Schock
- Department of Pathology, AHVLA Lasswade, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Otter
- AHVLA Shrewsbury Kendal Road, Harlscott, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Inserm U1117, Paris, France.,French National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
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The Technical and Biological Reproducibility of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) Based Typing: Employment of Bioinformatics in a Multicenter Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164260. [PMID: 27798637 PMCID: PMC5087883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The technical, biological, and inter-center reproducibility of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) typing data has not yet been explored. The aim of this study is to compare typing data from multiple centers employing bioinformatics using bacterial strains from two past outbreaks and non-related strains. MATERIAL/METHODS Participants received twelve extended spectrum betalactamase-producing E. coli isolates and followed the same standard operating procedure (SOP) including a full-protein extraction protocol. All laboratories provided visually read spectra via flexAnalysis (Bruker, Germany). Raw data from each laboratory allowed calculating the technical and biological reproducibility between centers using BioNumerics (Applied Maths NV, Belgium). RESULTS Technical and biological reproducibility ranged between 96.8-99.4% and 47.6-94.4%, respectively. The inter-center reproducibility showed a comparable clustering among identical isolates. Principal component analysis indicated a higher tendency to cluster within the same center. Therefore, we used a discriminant analysis, which completely separated the clusters. Next, we defined a reference center and performed a statistical analysis to identify specific peaks to identify the outbreak clusters. Finally, we used a classifier algorithm and a linear support vector machine on the determined peaks as classifier. A validation showed that within the set of the reference center, the identification of the cluster was 100% correct with a large contrast between the score with the correct cluster and the next best scoring cluster. CONCLUSIONS Based on the sufficient technical and biological reproducibility of MALDI-TOF MS based spectra, detection of specific clusters is possible from spectra obtained from different centers. However, we believe that a shared SOP and a bioinformatics approach are required to make the analysis robust and reliable.
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Guldimann C, Bärtschi M, Frey J, Zurbriggen A, Seuberlich T, Oevermann A. Increased spread and replication efficiency of Listeria monocytogenes in organotypic brain-slices is related to multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) complex. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:134. [PMID: 26138984 PMCID: PMC4490720 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria (L.) monocytogenes causes fatal infections in many species including ruminants and humans. In ruminants, rhombencephalitis is the most prevalent form of listeriosis. Using multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) we recently showed that L. monocytogenes isolates from ruminant rhombencephalitis cases are distributed over three genetic complexes (designated A, B and C). However, the majority of rhombencephalitis strains and virtually all those isolated from cattle cluster in MLVA complex A, indicating that strains of this complex may have increased neurotropism and neurovirulence. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ruminant rhombencephalitis strains have an increased ability to propagate in the bovine hippocampal brain-slice model and can be discriminated from strains of other sources. For this study, forty-seven strains were selected and assayed on brain-slice cultures, a bovine macrophage cell line (BoMac) and a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2). They were isolated from ruminant rhombencephalitis cases (n = 21) and other sources including the environment, food, human neurolisteriosis cases and ruminant/human non-encephalitic infection cases (n = 26). RESULTS All but one L. monocytogenes strain replicated in brain slices, irrespectively of the source of the isolate or MLVA complex. The replication of strains from MLVA complex A was increased in hippocampal brain-slice cultures compared to complex C. Immunofluorescence revealed that microglia are the main target cells for L. monocytogenes and that strains from MLVA complex A caused larger infection foci than strains from MLVA complex C. Additionally, they caused larger plaques in BoMac cells, but not CaCo-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our brain slice model data shows that all L. monocytogenes strains should be considered potentially neurovirulent. Secondly, encephalitis strains cannot be conclusively discriminated from non-encephalitis strains with the bovine organotypic brain slice model. The data indicates that MLVA complex A strains are particularly adept at establishing encephalitis possibly by virtue of their higher resistance to antibacterial defense mechanisms in microglia cells, the main target of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guldimann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Neurocenter, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Graduate school for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Michelle Bärtschi
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Neurocenter, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Zurbriggen
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Neurocenter, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Torsten Seuberlich
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Neurocenter, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Neurocenter, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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