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Davis SK, Jia F, Wright QG, Islam MT, Bean A, Layton D, Williams DT, Lynch SE. Defining correlates of protection for mammalian livestock vaccines against high-priority viral diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1397780. [PMID: 39100679 PMCID: PMC11294087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing livestock biosecurity is critical to safeguard the livelihoods of farmers, global and local economies, and food security. Vaccination is fundamental to the control and prevention of exotic and endemic high-priority infectious livestock diseases. Successful implementation of vaccination in a biosecurity plan is underpinned by a strong understanding of correlates of protection-those elements of the immune response that can reliably predict the level of protection from viral challenge. While correlates of protection have been successfully characterized for many human viral vaccines, for many high-priority livestock viral diseases, including African swine fever and foot and mouth disease, they remain largely uncharacterized. Current literature provides insights into potential correlates of protection that should be assessed during vaccine development for these high-priority mammalian livestock viral diseases. Establishment of correlates of protection for biosecurity purposes enables immune surveillance, rationale for vaccine development, and successful implementation of livestock vaccines as part of a biosecurity strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K. Davis
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Huynh LT, Sohn EJ, Park Y, Kim J, Shimoda T, Hiono T, Isoda N, Hong SH, Lee HN, Sakoda Y. Development of a dual immunochromatographic test strip to detect E2 and E rns antibodies against classical swine fever. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1383976. [PMID: 38666258 PMCID: PMC11043574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It is essential to consider a practical antibody test to successfully implement marker vaccines and validate vaccination efficacy against classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The test should include a serological antibody assay, combined with a tool for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). The immunochromatographic test strip (ICS) has been exclusively designed for detecting CSFV E2 antibodies while lacking in detecting Erns antibodies, which can be employed and satisfy DIVA strategy. This study developed a novel ICS for detecting CSFV E2/Erns dual-antibody. The effectiveness of ICS in evaluating the DIVA capability of two novel chimeric pestivirus vaccine candidates was assessed. Methods Recombinant E2 or Erns protein was transiently expressed in the plant benthamiana using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. ICS was subsequently assembled, and goat anti-rabbit IgG and recombinant CSFV E2 or Erns protein were plated onto the nitrocellulose membrane as control and test lines, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ICS were evaluated using sera with different neutralizing antibody titers or positive for antibodies against CSFV and other pestiviruses. The coincidence rates for detecting E2 and Erns antibodies between ICS and commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were also computed. ICS performance for DIVA capability was evaluated using sera from pigs vaccinated with conventional vaccine or chimeric vaccine candidates. Results E2 and Erns proteins were successfully expressed in N. benthamiana-produced recombinant proteins. ICS demonstrated high sensitivity in identifying CSFV E2 and Erns antibodies, even at the low neutralizing antibody titers. No cross-reactivity with antibodies from other pestiviruses was confirmed using ICS. There were high agreement rates of 93.0 and 96.5% between ICS and two commercial ELISA kits for E2 antibody testing. ICS also achieved strong coincidence rates of 92.9 and 89.3% with two ELISA kits for Erns antibody detection. ICS confirmed the absence of CSFV Erns-specific antibodies in sera from pigs vaccinated with chimeric vaccine candidates. Conclusion E2 and Erns proteins derived from the plant showed great potential and can be used to engineer a CSFV E2/Erns dual-antibody ICS. The ICS was also highly sensitive and specific for detecting CSFV E2 and Erns antibodies. Significantly, ICS can fulfill the DIVA concept by incorporating chimeric vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loc Tan Huynh
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Eun-Ju Sohn
- BioApplications, Inc., Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Park
- BioApplications, Inc., Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhun Kim
- BioApplications, Inc., Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Takahiro Hiono
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Norikazu Isoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sung-Hee Hong
- Celltrix Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Celltrix Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Yi W, Wang H, Qin H, Wang Q, Guo R, Wen G, Pan Z. Construction and efficacy of a new live chimeric C-strain vaccine with DIVA characteristics against classical swine fever. Vaccine 2023; 41:2003-2012. [PMID: 36803898 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
To develop the new classical swine fever (CSF) vaccine candidate with differentiating infected vaccinated animals (DIVA) characteristics, a chimeric CSF virus (CSFV) was constructed based on an infectious cDNA clone of the CSF vaccine C-strain. The 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) and partial E2 region (residues 690-860) of the C-strain were substituted with the corresponding regions of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) to construct the chimeric cDNA clone pC/bUTRs-tE2. The chimeric virus rC/bUTRs-tE2 was generated by several passages of pC/bUTRs-tE2-transfected PK15 cells. Stable growth and genetic properties of rC/bUTRs-tE2 were obtained after 30 serial passages. Compared to parental rC/bUTRs-tE2 (1st passage), two residue mutations (M834K and M979K) located in E2 in rC/bUTRs-tE2 P30 were observed. Compared to the C-strain, rC/bUTRs-tE2 exhibited unchanged cell tropism and decreased plaque-forming ability. Substituting the C-strain UTRs with the BVDV UTRs resulted in significantly increased viral replication in PK15 cells. Compared to CSFV Erns-positive and BVDV tE2-negative antibody responses induced by the CSF vaccine C-strain, immunization of rabbits and piglets with rC/bUTRs-tE2 resulted in serological profiles of CSFV Erns- and BVDV tE2-positive antibodies, which are used to serologically discriminate pigs that are clinically infected and vaccinated. Vaccination of piglets with rC/bUTRs-tE2 conferred complete protection against lethal CSFV challenge. Our results suggest that rC/bUTRs-tE2 is a promising new CSF marker vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430015, China
| | - Qin Wang
- World Organisation for Animal Health Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Guoyuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zishu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Yuan M, Yang X, Zhang X, Zhao X, Abid M, Qiu HJ, Li Y. Different Types of Vaccines against Pestiviral Infections: "Barriers" for " Pestis". Viruses 2022; 15:2. [PMID: 36680043 PMCID: PMC9860862 DOI: 10.3390/v15010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae mainly comprises classical swine fever virus (CSFV), bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2, border disease virus (BDV), and multiple new pestivirus species such as atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), giraffe pestivirus, and antelope pestivirus. Pestiviruses cause infectious diseases, resulting in tremendous economic losses to animal husbandry. Different types of pestivirus vaccines have been developed to control and prevent these important animal diseases. In recent years, pestiviruses have shown great potential as viral vectors for developing multivalent vaccines. This review analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various pestivirus vaccines, including live attenuated pestivirus strains, genetically engineered marker pestiviruses, and pestivirus-based multivalent vaccines. This review provides new insights into the development of novel vaccines against emerging pestiviruses, such as APPV and ovine pestivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xiaoke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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Xu Q, Sun Y, Yang J, Ma F, Wang Y, Zhang S, Li X, Qu X, Bai Y, Jia R, Wang L, Zhang E, Zhang G. An Improved Immunochromatographic Strip Based on Plant-Derived E2 for Detection of Antibodies against Classical Swine Fever Virus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0105022. [PMID: 35862968 PMCID: PMC9431618 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01050-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective method to control the spread of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which is a major cause of economic losses to the swine industry. Although serological detection assays are commonly used to assess immune status, current methods for monitoring of antibodies (Abs) are time-consuming, expensive, and require cell culture and virus manipulation. To address these problems, the E2 protein of CSFV was expressed in transgenic rice seeds as a labeled antigen for the development of an immunochromatographic test strip (ICTS) for rapid, precise, and cost-effective detection of Abs. The ICTS has a reasonable sensitivity of 1:128,000 for detection of serum Abs against CSFV and no cross-reactivity with Abs of other porcine viruses. The similarity of the results between the proposed ICTS and a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 94.1% (128/136) for detection of serum Abs from immunized animals and 92.3% (72/78) for detection of maternally derived Abs. The proposed assay was successfully used to monitor Abs against E2 of both pigs and rabbits immunized with a live attenuated vaccine or an E2 subunit vaccine. The results confirmed that the ICTS can be applied to detect Ab levels in animals with different immunological backgrounds. The ICTS based on plant-derived E2 is a relatively inexpensive, rapid, and accurate assay for detection of Abs against CSFV and avoids the risk of contamination by animal products. IMPORTANCE The E2 protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) was expressed in transgenic rice endosperms as a diagnostic antigen for use with a rapid colloidal gold assay for the detection of antibodies (Abs) against CSFV. This improved test was used to monitor Abs against the E2 protein in both pigs and rabbits immunized with a live attenuated vaccine or E2 subunit vaccine. The assay successfully detected Ab levels in serum samples from piglets with different immunological backgrounds. In contrast to current E2 protein-based diagnostic methods using Escherichia coli or insect cells as expression systems, plant-derived E2 avoids the limitations of low immunogenicity of eukaryotic expression systems and potential contamination of fetal bovine serum with bovine viral diarrhea virus in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Xu
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agriculture University,Zhengzhou, China
- School of basic medical sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaning Sun
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jifei Yang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fanshu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shenli Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agriculture University,Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueyang Li
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agriculture University,Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaotian Qu
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agriculture University,Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yilin Bai
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erqin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agriculture University,Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agriculture University,Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Chen N, Wang Q, Hu Y, Sun Y, Li J, Wu H, Xu L, Liu H, Yang C, Chen X, Deng Y, Xia Y, Zhang Q, Cheng S, Fan A, Chen G. Comparative efficacy evaluation of different CSF vaccines in pigs with CSF maternally derived antibodies. Vet Microbiol 2022; 273:109541. [PMID: 36027683 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and important swine disease in China. Sporadic outbreaks with mild clinical signs are still being reported despite massive vaccination with the CSF C-strain vaccine. One possible reason for vaccine failure could be interference from maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) during vaccination in the field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different CSF vaccines in the presence of MDAs and to assess the different vaccination schemes in the field. The results demonstrated that vaccination with a single dose of C-strain-PK vaccine protected pigs against severe clinical signs and significantly reduced viremia. The impact of MDAs was negligible. The interference was also mild during a prime and boost vaccination scheme using the C-strain-ST vaccine. In contrast, a significant influence of MDAs on the efficacy of the subunit E2 vaccine in a one-dose vaccination scheme was observed, with pigs showing severe clinical signs, CSF-associated death, typical pathological lesions and a high level of viremia after challenge, despite robust E2 antibody induction. A field vaccination and challenge study further confirmed the superior effectiveness of a single dose of C-strain-PK vaccine in the presence of MDAs in comparison to a routine prime and boost vaccination scheme applied in the field, with pigs having fever, chronic signs, significant viremia and shedding after challenge. Delaying the vaccination time from the age of 28 days to 45 days, when MDA was low, was beneficial for improving the clinical protection and immunity induced by vaccines. Altogether, the results presented here emphasize that a high-quality vaccine and a scientific design of the vaccination scheme based on serological surveillance are essential pillars to control and eliminate CSF in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Wang
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Hu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyong Sun
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Li
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Wu
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xu
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghuai Yang
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Deng
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingju Xia
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Cheng
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Fan
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Chen
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Production of Bivalent Subunit Vaccine for Porcine via 2A-Like Sequence in Baculovirus Expression Vector System. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) have caused severe diseases in swine populations worldwide. Here, a polycistronic baculovirus vector was developed to express a bivalent vaccine, consisting of the CSFV-E2 and PCV2-Cap protein, and an immunomodulator protein derived from the Flammulina velutipes, FVE-FIP, as well as the selection marker, green fluorescent protein. The simultaneous expression of the CSFV-E2 and PCV2-Cap protein was mediated by the 2A-like sequence derived from the Perina nuda virus (PnV), while the expression of the FVE-FIP was driven by the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element derived from the Rhophalosipum padi virus (RhPV). The Western blot analysis result suggested that the CSFV-E2, PCV2-Cap, and FVE-FIP protein were successfully co-expressed by the infected Spodoptera frugiperda IPBL-Sf21 (Sf21) cell line. The extracted cell lysate containing all three recombinant proteins was administered to Balb/C mice with or without the supplementation of Freund’s adjuvant. The ELISA analysis of the serum collected from all the immunized groups showed detectable antibodies against CSFV-E2 and PCV2-Cap. Furthermore, the immunized group without the adjuvant supplementation demonstrated a similar level of antibodies to the group with adjuvant supplementation, suggesting the efficiency of the FVE-FIP in enhancing the immune response. These results demonstrated the polycistronic baculovirus vector could be employed to develop bivalent vaccines for pigs.
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Li F, Li B, Niu X, Chen W, Li Y, Wu K, Li X, Ding H, Zhao M, Chen J, Yi L. The Development of Classical Swine Fever Marker Vaccines in Recent Years. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040603. [PMID: 35455351 PMCID: PMC9026404 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a severe disease that has caused serious economic losses for the global pig industry and is widely prevalent worldwide. In recent decades, CSF has been effectively controlled through compulsory vaccination with a live CSF vaccine (C strain). It has been successfully eradicated in some countries or regions. However, the re-emergence of CSF in Japan and Romania, where it had been eradicated, has brought increased attention to the disease. Because the traditional C-strain vaccine cannot distinguish between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA), this makes it difficult to fight CSF. The emergence of marker vaccines is considered to be an effective strategy for the decontamination of CSF. This paper summarizes the progress of the new CSF marker vaccine and provides a detailed overview of the vaccine design ideas and immunization effects. It also provides a methodology for the development of a new generation of vaccines for CSF and vaccine development for other significant epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bingke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinni Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.); +86-20-8528-8017 (L.Y.)
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.); +86-20-8528-8017 (L.Y.)
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Current Status of Genetically Modified Pigs That Are Resistant to Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020417. [PMID: 35216010 PMCID: PMC8874825 DOI: 10.3390/v14020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs play an important role in agriculture and biomedicine. The globally developing swine industry must address the challenges presented by swine-origin viruses, including ASFV (African swine fever virus), PRRSV (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus), PEDV (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus), PRV (pseudorabies virus), CSFV (classical swine fever virus), TGEV (transmissible gastroenteritis virus), et al. Despite sustained efforts by many government authorities, these viruses are still widespread. Currently, gene-editing technology has been successfully used to generate antiviral pigs, which offers the possibility for increasing animal disease tolerance and improving animal economic traits in the future. Here, we summarized the current advance in knowledge regarding the host factors in virus infection and the current status of genetically modified pigs that are resistant to virus infection in the world. There has not been any report on PEDV-resistant pigs, ASFV-resistant pigs, and PRV-resistant pigs owing to the poor understanding of the key host factors in virus infection. Furthermore, we summarized the remaining problems in producing virus-resistant pigs, and proposed several potential methods to solve them. Using genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening to explore the key host receptors in virus infection may be a feasible method. At the same time, exploring the key amino acids of host factors in virus infection with library screening based on ABEs and CBEs (Bes) may provide creative insight into producing antiviral pigs in the future.
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10
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Xu Q, Guo J, Ma F, Liu L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Niu X, Li X, Jiang M, Wang Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Li Q, Chai S, Wang R, Ma Q, Zhang E, Zhang G. A novel linear epitope at the C-terminal region of the classical swine fever virus E2 protein elicits neutralizing activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:837-846. [PMID: 34403672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus, which causes serious economic losses. The re-emergence of the disease in Japan in 2018 has increased awareness of CSFV. In this study, Balb/c mice were immunized with plant-derived E2 protein, and four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 4B11, 7B3, 11A5 and 6F3 were generated. Two of these mAbs, 4B11 and 7B3, effectively blocked CSFV infection of PK-15 cells. Both mAbs recognized a novel linear epitope, 256CLIGNTTVKVHASDER271. The neutralizing ability of anti-CSFV serum decreased 63%, when pre-incubated with the linear peptide at 200 μg/mL. Structural analysis showed that this linear epitope is present at the border of Domain C and Domain D on the surface of the E2 protein. Alignment of amino acid sequences showed that the epitope was conserved in different subgroups of CSFV but not in other members of the Pestivirus genus. Consistently with the analysis above, this epitope distinguished antibodies against CSFV from those against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Our study provides an ideal candidate peptide for new vaccine design and differential diagnosis of CSFV. These findings will contribute to the control and eradication of classical swine fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A& F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Junqing Guo
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fanshu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Linke Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shenli Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangxiang Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xueyang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of public health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- College of public health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yunchao Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shujun Chai
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruining Wang
- College of veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Institution of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Erqin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A& F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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11
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Efficiency Comparison of a Novel E2 Subunit Vaccine and a Classic C-Strain Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8080148. [PMID: 34437470 PMCID: PMC8402791 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8080148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important viral diseases in swine, causing severe economic losses in the swine industry. In China, CSF is one of the key diseases that needs to be controlled; the government has implemented control measures, and vaccination with C-strain vaccines (C-vacs) has been compulsory since the 1950s. C-vacs do not allow the differentiation of field virus-infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). In 2012, China proposed a goal of eradicating CSF. Additionally, a baculovirus-expressed E2 subunit vaccine (E2-vac) was licensed in 2018. However, the C-vac and E2-vac characteristics have not been compared. Here, we demonstrate that both the C-vac and E2-vac provide complete protection against CSF in pigs. The E2-vac allows DIVA, and the E2 antibody responses of stimulated pigs are developed earlier and are stronger than the C-vac antibody responses. Therefore, the E2-vac is a new candidate licensed vaccine to completely eradicate CSF on pig farms.
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12
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Postel A, Becher P. Genetically distinct pestiviruses pave the way to improved classical swine fever marker vaccine candidates based on the chimeric pestivirus concept. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:2180-2189. [PMID: 32962557 PMCID: PMC7580611 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1826893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important viral diseases of pigs. In many countries, the use of vaccines is restricted due to limitations of subunit vaccines with regard to efficacy and onset of protection as well as failure of live vaccines to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA principle). Chimeric pestiviruses based on CSF virus (CSFV) and the related bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) have been licensed as live marker vaccines in Europe and Asia, but cross-reactive antibodies can cause problems in DIVA application due to close antigenic relationship. To develop marker vaccine candidates with improved DIVA properties, three chimeric viruses were generated by replacing Erns of CSFV Alfort-Tübingen with homologue proteins of only distantly related pestiviruses. The chimeric viruses “Ra”, “Pro”, and “RaPro” contained Erns sequences of Norway rat and Pronghorn pestiviruses or a combination of both, respectively. In porcine cells, the “Pro” chimera replicated to high titers, while replication of the “Ra” chimera was limited. The “RaPro” chimera showed an intermediate phenotype. All vaccine candidates were attenuated in a vaccination/ challenge trial in pigs, but to different extents. Inoculation induced moderate to high levels of neutralizing antibodies that protected against infection with a genetically heterologous, highly virulent CSFV. Importantly, serum samples of vaccinated animals did not show any cross-reactivity in a CSFV Erns antibody ELISA. In conclusion, the Erns antigen from distantly related pestiviruses can provide a robust serological negative marker for a new generation of improved CSFV marker vaccines based on the chimeric pestivirus concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Postel
- Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paul Becher
- Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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13
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Fan J, Liao Y, Zhang M, Liu C, Li Z, Li Y, Li X, Wu K, Yi L, Ding H, Zhao M, Fan S, Chen J. Anti-Classical Swine Fever Virus Strategies. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040761. [PMID: 33917361 PMCID: PMC8067343 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by CSF virus (CSFV), is a highly contagious swine disease with high morbidity and mortality, which has caused significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Biosecurity measures and vaccination are the main methods for prevention and control of CSF since no specific drug is available for the effective treatment of CSF. Although a series of biosecurity and vaccination strategies have been developed to curb the outbreak events, it is still difficult to eliminate CSF in CSF-endemic and re-emerging areas. Thus, in addition to implementing enhanced biosecurity measures and exploring more effective CSF vaccines, other strategies are also needed for effectively controlling CSF. Currently, more and more research about anti-CSFV strategies was carried out by scientists, because of the great prospects and value of anti-CSFV strategies in the prevention and control of CSF. Additionally, studies on anti-CSFV strategies could be used as a reference for other viruses in the Flaviviridae family, such as hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, and Zika virus. In this review, we aim to summarize the research on anti-CSFV strategies. In detail, host proteins affecting CSFV replication, drug candidates with anti-CSFV effects, and RNA interference (RNAi) targeting CSFV viral genes were mentioned and the possible mechanisms related to anti-CSFV effects were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yingxin Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mengru Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.)
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.F.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (K.W.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.)
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14
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Research Progress and Challenges in Vaccine Development against Classical Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030445. [PMID: 33801868 PMCID: PMC7998128 DOI: 10.3390/v13030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by CSF virus (CSFV), is one of the most devastating viral epizootic diseases of swine in many countries. To control the disease, highly efficacious and safe live attenuated vaccines have been used for decades. However, the main drawback of these conventional vaccines is the lack of differentiability of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA concept). Advances in biotechnology and our detailed knowledge of multiple basic science disciplines have facilitated the development of effective and safer DIVA vaccines to control CSF. To date, two types of DIVA vaccines have been developed commercially, including the subunit vaccines based on CSFV envelope glycoprotein E2 and chimeric pestivirus vaccines based on infectious cDNA clones of CSFV or bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Although inoculation of these vaccines successfully induces solid immunity against CSFV, none of them could ideally meet all demands regarding to safety, efficacy, DIVA potential, and marketability. Due to the limitations of the available choices, researchers are still striving towards the development of more advanced DIVA vaccines against CSF. This review summarizes the present status of candidate CSFV vaccines that have been developed. The strategies and approaches revealed here may also be helpful for the development of new-generation vaccines against other diseases.
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15
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The ESCRT-I Subunit Tsg101 Plays Novel Dual Roles in Entry and Replication of Classical Swine Fever Virus. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.01928-20. [PMID: 33328308 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01928-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), is a highly contagious disease of swine with high morbidity and mortality that negatively affects the pig industry worldwide, in particular in China. Soon after the endocytosis of CSFV, the virus makes full use of the components of host cells to complete its life cycle. The endocytosis sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system is a central molecular machine for membrane protein sorting and scission in eukaryotic cells that plays an essential role in many physiological metabolic processes, including invasion and egress of envelope viruses. However, the molecular mechanism that ESCRT uses to regulate the replication of CSFV is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the ESCRT-I complex Tsg101 protein participates in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of CSFV and is also involved in CSFV trafficking. Tsg101 assists the virus in entering the host cell through the late endosome (Rab7 and Rab9) and finally reaching the lysosome (Lamp-1). Interestingly, Tsg101 is also involved in the viral replication process by interacting with nonstructural proteins 4B and 5B of CSFV. Finally, confocal microscopy showed that the replication complex of Tsg101 and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or NS4B and NS5B protein was close to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), not the Golgi, in the cytoplasm. Collectively, our finding highlights that Tsg101 regulates the process of CSFV entry and replication, indicating that the ESCRT plays an important role in the life cycle of CSFV. Thus, ESCRT molecules could serve as therapeutic targets to combat CSFV infection.IMPORTANCE CSF, caused by CSFV, is a World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) notifiable disease and causes significant financial losses to the pig industry globally. The ESCRT machinery plays an important regulatory role in several members of the genera Flavivirus and Hepacivirus within the family Flaviviridae, such as hepatitis C virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and dengue virus. Previous reports have shown that assembling and budding of these viruses require ESCRT. However, the role of ESCRT in Pestivirus infection remains to be elucidated. We determined the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of CSFV infection by the major subunit Tsg101 of ESCRT-I. Interestingly, Tsg101 plays an essential regulatory role in both clathrin-mediated endocytosis and genome replication of CSFV. Overall, the results of this study provide further insights into the molecular function of ESCRT-I complex protein Tsg101 during CSFV infection, which may serve as a molecular target for pestivirus inhibitors.
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Coronado L, Perera CL, Rios L, Frías MT, Pérez LJ. A Critical Review about Different Vaccines against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Their Repercussions in Endemic Regions. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:154. [PMID: 33671909 PMCID: PMC7918945 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is, without any doubt, one of the most devasting viral infectious diseases affecting the members of Suidae family, which causes a severe impact on the global economy. The reemergence of CSF virus (CSFV) in several countries in America, Asia, and sporadic outbreaks in Europe, sheds light about the serious concern that a potential global reemergence of this disease represents. The negative aspects related with the application of mass stamping out policies, including elevated costs and ethical issues, point out vaccination as the main control measure against future outbreaks. Hence, it is imperative for the scientific community to continue with the active investigations for more effective vaccines against CSFV. The current review pursues to gather all the available information about the vaccines in use or under developing stages against CSFV. From the perspective concerning the evolutionary viral process, this review also discusses the current problematic in CSF-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liani Coronado
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (L.C.); (C.L.P.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Carmen L. Perera
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (L.C.); (C.L.P.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Liliam Rios
- Reiman Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada;
| | - María T. Frías
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (L.C.); (C.L.P.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Lester J. Pérez
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA
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Shi J, Wang L, McVey DS. Of pigs and men: the best-laid plans for prevention and control of swine fevers. Anim Front 2021; 11:6-13. [PMID: 33575093 PMCID: PMC7863345 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jishu Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - David Scott McVey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, VBS, Lincoln, NE
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Chen JY, Wu CM, Chen ZW, Liao CM, Deng MC, Chia MY, Huang C, Chien MS. Evaluation of classical swine fever E2 (CSF-E2) subunit vaccine efficacy in the prevention of virus transmission and impact of maternal derived antibody interference in field farm applications. Porcine Health Manag 2021; 7:9. [PMID: 33431028 PMCID: PMC7798205 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-020-00188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most devastating pig diseases that affect the swine industry worldwide. Besides stamping out policy for eradication, immunization with vaccines of live attenuated CSF or the CSF-E2 subunit is an efficacious measure of disease control. However, after decades of efforts, it is still hard to eliminate CSF from endemically affected regions and reemerging areas. Most of previous studies demonstrated the efficacy of different CSF vaccines in laboratories under high containment conditions, which may not represent the practical performance in field farms. The inadequate vaccine efficacy induced by unrestrained factors may lead to chronic or persistent CSF infection in animals that develop a major source for virus shedding among pig populations. In this study, a vaccination-challenge-cohabitation trial on specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs and long-term monitoring of conventional sows and their offspring were used to evaluate the efficacy and the impact of maternally derived antibody (MDA) interference on CSF vaccines in farm applications. Results The trials demonstrated higher neutralizing antibody (NA) titers with no clinical symptoms and significant pathological changes in the CSF-E2 subunit vaccine immunized group after CSFV challenge. Additionally, none of the sentinel pigs were infected during cohabitation indicating that the CSF-E2 subunit vaccine could provoke adequately acquired immunity to prevent horizontal transmission. In field farm applications, sows immunized with CSF-E2 subunit vaccine revealed an average of higher and consistent antibody level with significant reduction of CSF viral RNA detection via saliva monitoring in contrast to those of live attenuated CSF vaccine immunized sows possessing diverse antibody titer distributions and higher viral loads. Furthermore, early application of the CSF-E2 subunit vaccine in 3-week-old piglets illustrated no MDA interference on primary immunization and could elicit consistent and long-lasting adequate antibody response suggesting the flexibility of CSF-E2 subunit vaccine on vaccination program determination. Conclusions The CSF-E2 subunit vaccine demonstrated significant efficacy and no MDA interference for immunization in both pregnant sows and piglets. These advantages provide a novel approach to avoid possible virus shedding in sow population and MDA interference in piglets for control of CSF in field farm applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40813-020-00188-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Ming Wu
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Zeng-Weng Chen
- Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, No. 52, Kedong 2nd Rd., Zhunan Township, Miaoli County, 350401, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Ming Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Chung Deng
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tansui, Taipei, 25158, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Min-Yuan Chia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chienjin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Maw-Sheng Chien
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Isolation and Characterization of Porcine Astrovirus 5 from a Classical Swine Fever Virus-Infected Specimen. J Virol 2020; 95:JVI.01513-20. [PMID: 33115877 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01513-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many new astroviruses have been identified in humans and other animals in recent years, but only a few have been successfully isolated for extensive biological study. Here, we report an unusual isolation of a porcine astrovirus 5 (PAstV5) strain from a clinical classical swine fever virus (CSFV)-infected tissue sample. Incubation of porcine PK-15 cells with an extract of the CSFV-positive tissue resulted in unexpected cytopathic effects (CPEs), and high-throughput viromic sequencing identified PAstV5 and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) as well as CSFV in the culture. After clearance of CSFV and PCV2, a pure PAstV5 strain, named PAstV5-AH29-2014, was obtained. Analysis revealed virus of typical astroviral morphology with a genome of 6,448 nucleotides, sharing 84.3 to 88.9% nucleotide identity with previously published PAstV5 strains. A mechanistic study showed that CSFV coinfection was likely an important factor for successful isolation by significantly enhancing PAstV5 replication in PK-15 cells via suppression of a type I interferon response. Altogether, PAstV5-AH29-2014, as the first isolated PAstV5 strain, will provide critical material for the investigation of the biological and pathogenic properties of this virus as well as for future development of relevant biological and diagnostic reagents.IMPORTANCE Porcine astroviruses are mainly associated with gastroenteritis and neurological diseases in pigs, and five genotypes have been identified (PAstV1-5). However, the clinical manifestations of genotypes other than PAstV1 have not yet been determined because of the failure of in vitro virus isolation. Here, we report a surprising isolation of a PAstV5 strain from a clinical classical swine fever virus (CSFV)-infected tissue sample, which can stably passage in PK-15 cells, and coinfection with CSFV significantly enhanced the replication of PAstV5, possibly through suppression of beta interferon production. Thus, the first isolated PAstV5 strain will be useful for investigating the biological and pathogenic properties of this virus, and the findings obtained in this study provide new insights into defining the interaction mechanism between CSFV and PAstV5.
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Ganges L, Crooke HR, Bohórquez JA, Postel A, Sakoda Y, Becher P, Ruggli N. Classical swine fever virus: the past, present and future. Virus Res 2020; 289:198151. [PMID: 32898613 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is among the most relevant viral epizootic diseases of swine. Due to its severe economic impact, CSF is notifiable to the world organisation for animal health. Strict control policies, including systematic stamping out of infected herds with and without vaccination, have permitted regional virus eradication. Nevertheless, CSF virus (CSFV) persists in certain areas of the world and has re-emerged regularly. This review summarizes the basic established knowledge in the field and provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the recent advances in fundamental CSFV research, diagnostics and vaccine development. It covers the latest discoveries on the genetic diversity of pestiviruses, with implications for taxonomy, the progress in understanding disease pathogenesis, immunity against acute and persistent infections, and the recent findings in virus-host interactions and virulence determinants. We also review the progress and pitfalls in the improvement of diagnostic tools and the challenges in the development of modern and efficacious marker vaccines compatible with serological tests for disease surveillance. Finally, we highlight the gaps that require research efforts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llilianne Ganges
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Helen R Crooke
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, APHA-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Jose Alejandro Bohórquez
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Postel
- EU & OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Paul Becher
- EU & OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- The Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Han Y, Xie L, Yuan M, Ma Y, Sun H, Sun Y, Li Y, Qiu HJ. Development of a marker vaccine candidate against classical swine fever based on the live attenuated vaccine C-strain. Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108741. [PMID: 32768202 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and economically damaging disease. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) lapinized vaccine C-strain against CSF worldwide lacks the capacity for the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). To develop a marker C-strain complying with the DIVA principle, we generated and evaluated mutants rHCLV-E2F117A, rHCLV-E2G119A, and rHCLV-E2P122A, which harbor the single amino acid mutation at 117F, 119G or 122P of the monoclonal antibody HQ06-recognized epitope on the E2 glycoprotein in rabbits and pigs. Viral intravenous administration demonstrated that all the mutants retain the phenotype of C-strain in rabbits, including fever response induction and replication in the spleen. Notably, the HQ06-recognized epitope did not react with the antibodies induced by rHCLV-E2P122A in rabbits, in contrast with C-strain and other two mutants. Intramuscular administration of rHCLV-E2P122A in pigs induced anti-CSFV neutralizing antibodies but not antibodies against the HQ06-recognized epitope at 28 days post-inoculation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that rHCLV-E2P122A is a promising marker vaccine candidate against CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Libao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mengqi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuteng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
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Xu H, Wang Y, Han G, Fang W, He F. Identification of E2 with improved secretion and immunogenicity against CSFV in piglets. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:26. [PMID: 32019519 PMCID: PMC7001342 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-1713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) cause significant economic losses in the swine industry. Vaccination is the major method to prevent and control the disease. As live attenuated vaccines fail to elicit differentiable immunity between infected and vaccinated animals, subunit vaccine was considered as an alternative candidate to prevent and eradicate CSFV. Subunit vaccines present advantages in DIVA immunogenicity and safety. The technology was limited due to the low yield and the high cost with multiple and large doses. The native E2 signal peptide has not been well defined before. Here, the aim of this study is to develop a cost-effective and efficacious E2 vaccine candidate against CSFV with signal peptide and E2 sequence selection. RESULTS A novel CSFV E2 sequence (E2ZJ) was identified from an epidemic strain of Zhejiang for outstanding secretion in baculovirus and enhanced immunogenicity. E2 secretion induced with the selected signal peptide, SPZJ (SP23), increase at least 50% as compared to any other signal peptides tested. Besides, unique antigenic features were identified in E2ZJ. As indicated with immunized sera in IFA against CSFV infection, E2ZJ elicited CSFV antibodies at the earlier stage than other E2 types tested in mice. Moreover, higher level of neutralizing and CSFV antibodies against CSFV with E2ZJ was detected than other E2s with the same dosage at 28 dpi. Further, E2ZJ successfully elicited neutralizing immunity in piglets. A single dose of 5 μg of E2ZJ was sufficient to induce protective antibodies against CSFV in piglets and provided 100% protection against lethal virus challenge. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provide evidence that E2ZJ guided by a novel E2 signal peptide (SPZJ) was efficiently secreted and presented significantly improved immunogenicity than conventional E2 vaccines. Moreover, a single dose of 5 μg E2ZJ is efficacious against CSFV in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Xu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangwei Han
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences of Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang road, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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