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Nusshag C, Uhrig J, Gruber G, Schreiber P, Zeier M, Krautkrämer E. Glomerular Injury Is Associated with Severe Courses of Orthohantavirus Infection. Pathogens 2024; 13:693. [PMID: 39204293 PMCID: PMC11356809 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) induced by Eurasian pathogenic orthohantaviruses is characterized by acute kidney injury (AKI) with often massive proteinuria. The mechanisms of the organ-specific manifestation are not completely understood. To analyze the role of glomerular and tubular damage in kidney injury induced by HFRS, we measured specific markers in urine samples of patients with acute Puumala virus (PUUV) infection and determined their correlation with disease severity. Levels of α1-microglobulin (α1-MG) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), which is expressed by injured tubular epithelial cells, were measured to detect tubular dysfunction and injury. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the podocyte specific protein nephrin served as markers for glomerular injury. All four markers were elevated on admission. Markers of glomerular injury, IgG and nephrin, correlated with markers of disease severity such as length of hospitalization, serum creatinine, and proteinuria. In contrast, tubular injury did not correlate with these severity markers. Our results demonstrate that hantavirus infection induces both glomerular and tubular injury early in the clinical course. However, the glomerular dysfunction and podocyte injury seem to contribute directly to disease severity and to play a more central role in HFRS pathogenicity than direct damage to tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ellen Krautkrämer
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Williams EP, Nandi A, Nam V, Allen LJS, Trindade AA, Kosiewicz MM, Jonsson CB. Modeling the Immune Response for Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Orthohantavirus Infections in Human Lung Microvasculature Endothelial Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:1806. [PMID: 37766212 PMCID: PMC10535571 DOI: 10.3390/v15091806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses, genus Orthohantavirus, family Hantaviridae, order Bunyavirales, are negative-sense, single-stranded, tri-segmented RNA viruses that persistently infect rodents, shrews, and moles. Of these, only certain virus species harbored by rodents are pathogenic to humans. Infection begins with inhalation of virus particles into the lung and trafficking to the lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMVEC). The reason why certain rodent-borne hantavirus species are pathogenic has long been hypothesized to be related to their ability to downregulate and dysregulate the immune response as well as increase vascular permeability of infected endothelial cells. We set out to study the temporal dynamics of host immune response modulation in primary human LMVECs following infection by Prospect Hill (nonpathogenic), Andes (pathogenic), and Hantaan (pathogenic) viruses. We measured the level of RNA transcripts for genes representing antiviral, proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic pathways from 12 to 72 h with time points every 12 h. Gene expression analysis in conjunction with mathematical modeling revealed a similar profile for all three viruses in terms of upregulated genes that partake in interferon signaling (TLR3, IRF7, IFNB1), host immune cell recruitment (CXCL10, CXCL11, and CCL5), and host immune response modulation (IDO1). We examined secreted protein levels of IFN-β, CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL5, and IDO in two male and two female primary HLMVEC donors at 48 and 60 h post infection. All three viruses induced similar levels of CCL5, CXCL10, and CXCL11 within a particular donor, and the levels were similar in three of the four donors. All three viruses induced different protein secretion levels for both IFN-β and IDO and secretion levels differed between donors. In conclusion, we show that there was no difference in the transcriptional profiles of key genes in primary HLMVECs following infection by pathogenic and nonpathogenic hantaviruses, with protein secretion levels being more donor-specific than virus-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. Williams
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Aadrita Nandi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (A.N.); (V.N.); (L.J.S.A.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Victoria Nam
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (A.N.); (V.N.); (L.J.S.A.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Linda J. S. Allen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (A.N.); (V.N.); (L.J.S.A.); (A.A.T.)
| | - A. Alexandre Trindade
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (A.N.); (V.N.); (L.J.S.A.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Michele M. Kosiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Colleen B. Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
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3
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Schreiber P, Friedrich AK, Gruber G, Nusshag C, Boegelein L, Essbauer S, Uhrig J, Zeier M, Krautkrämer E. Differences in the Susceptibility of Human Tubular Epithelial Cells for Infection with Orthohantaviruses. Viruses 2023; 15:1670. [PMID: 37632012 PMCID: PMC10459294 DOI: 10.3390/v15081670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases induced by infection with pathogenic orthohantaviruses are characterized by a pronounced organ-specific manifestation. Pathogenic Eurasian orthohantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with often massive proteinuria. Therefore, the use of a relevant kidney cell culture would be favorable to analyze the underlying cellular mechanisms of orthohantavirus-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). We tested different human tubular epithelial cell lines for their suitability as an in vitro infection model. Permissiveness and replication kinetics of highly pathogenic Hantaan virus (HTNV) and non-/low-pathogenic Tula virus (TULV) were analyzed in tubular epithelial cell lines and compared to human primary tubular epithelial cells. Ana-lysis of the cell line HK-2 revealed the same results for viral replication, morphological and functional effects as observed for HTNV in primary cells. In contrast, the cell lines RPTEC/TERT1 and TH1 demonstrated only poor infection rates after inoculation with HTNV and are unusable as an infection model. While pathogenic HNTV infects primary tubular and HK-2 cells, non-/low-pathogenic TULV infects neither primary tubular cells nor the cell line HK-2. Our results show that permissiveness of renal cells varies between orthohantaviruses with differences in pathogenicity and that HK-2 cells demonstrate a suitable in vitro model to study viral tropism and pathogenesis of orthohantavirus-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Schreiber
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Gefion Gruber
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Nusshag
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Boegelein
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Essbauer
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Department Virology and Intracellular Agents, German Centre for Infection Research, Munich Partner Site, D-80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Josephine Uhrig
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zeier
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellen Krautkrämer
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Menke L, Sperber HS, Aji AK, Chiantia S, Schwarzer R, Sieben C. Advances in fluorescence microscopy for orthohantavirus research. Microscopy (Oxf) 2023:6987530. [PMID: 36639937 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are important zoonotic pathogens responsible for a considerable disease burden globally. Partly due to our incomplete understanding of orthohantavirus replication, there is currently no effective antiviral treatment available. Recently, novel microscopy techniques and cutting-edge, automated image analysis algorithms have emerged, enabling to study cellular, subcellular and even molecular processes in unprecedented detail and depth. To date, fluorescence light microscopy allows us to visualize viral and cellular components and macromolecular complexes in live cells which in turn enables the study of specific steps of the viral replication cycle such as particle entry or protein trafficking at high temporal and spatial resolution. In this review, we highlight how fluorescence microscopy has provided new insights and improved our understanding of orthohantavirus biology. We discuss technical challenges such as studying live infected cells, give alternatives with recombinant protein expression and highlight future opportunities for example the application of super-resolution microscopy techniques, which has shown great potential in studies of different cellular processes and viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Menke
- Nanoscale Infection Biology Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hannah S Sperber
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Amit Koikkarah Aji
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salvatore Chiantia
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Roland Schwarzer
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Sieben
- Nanoscale Infection Biology Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Nusshag C, Boegelein L, Schreiber P, Essbauer S, Osberghaus A, Zeier M, Krautkrämer E. Expression Profile of Human Renal Mesangial Cells Is Altered by Infection with Pathogenic Puumala Orthohantavirus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040823. [PMID: 35458553 PMCID: PMC9025590 DOI: 10.3390/v14040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) with proteinuria is a hallmark of infections with Eurasian orthohantaviruses. Different kidney cells are identified as target cells of hantaviruses. Mesangial cells may play a central role in the pathogenesis of AKI by regulation of inflammatory mediators and signaling cascades. Therefore, we examined the characteristics of hantavirus infection on human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs). Receptor expression and infection with pathogenic Puumala virus (PUUV) and low-pathogenic Tula virus (TULV) were explored. To analyze changes in protein expression in infected mesangial cells, we performed a proteome profiler assay analyzing 38 markers of kidney damage. We compared the proteome profile of in vitro-infected HRMCs with the profile detected in urine samples of 11 patients with acute hantavirus infection. We observed effective productive infection of HRMCs with pathogenic PUUV, but only poor abortive infection for low-pathogenic TULV. PUUV infection resulted in the deregulation of proteases, adhesion proteins, and cytokines associated with renal damage. The urinary proteome profile of hantavirus patients demonstrated also massive changes, which in part correspond to the alterations observed in the in vitro infection of HRMCs. The direct infection of mesangial cells may induce a local environment of signal mediators that contributes to AKI in hantavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Nusshag
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.N.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (A.O.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lukas Boegelein
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.N.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (A.O.); (M.Z.)
| | - Pamela Schreiber
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.N.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (A.O.); (M.Z.)
| | - Sandra Essbauer
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Department Virology and Intracellular Agents, German Centre for Infection Research, Munich Partner Site, D-80937 Munich, Germany;
| | - Anja Osberghaus
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.N.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (A.O.); (M.Z.)
| | - Martin Zeier
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.N.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (A.O.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ellen Krautkrämer
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.N.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (A.O.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Hägele S, Nusshag C, Müller A, Baumann A, Zeier M, Krautkrämer E. Cells of the human respiratory tract support the replication of pathogenic Old World orthohantavirus Puumala. Virol J 2021; 18:169. [PMID: 34404450 PMCID: PMC8369447 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmission of all known pathogenic orthohantaviruses (family Hantaviridae) usually occurs via inhalation of aerosols contaminated with viral particles derived from infected rodents and organ manifestation of infections is characterized by lung and kidney involvement. Orthohantaviruses found in Eurasia cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and New World orthohantaviruses cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). However, cases of infection with Old World orthohantaviruses with severe pulmonary manifestations have also been observed. Therefore, human airway cells may represent initial targets for orthohantavirus infection and may also play a role in the pathogenesis of infections with Eurasian orthohantaviruses. METHODS We analyzed the permissiveness of primary endothelial cells of the human pulmonary microvasculature and of primary human epithelial cells derived from bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli for Old World orthohantavirus Puumala virus (PUUV) in vitro. In addition, we examined the expression of orthohantaviral receptors in these cell types. To minimize donor-specific effects, cells from two different donors were tested for each cell type. RESULTS Productive infection with PUUV was observed for endothelial cells of the microvasculature and for the three tested epithelial cell types derived from different sites of the respiratory tract. Interestingly, infection and particle release were also detected in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells although expression of the orthohantaviral receptor integrin β3 was not detectable in these cell types. In addition, replication kinetics and viral release demonstrate enormous donor-specific variations. CONCLUSIONS The human respiratory epithelium is among the first targets of orthohantaviral infection and may contribute to virus replication, dissemination and pathogenesis of HFRS-causing orthohantaviruses. Differences in initial pulmonary infection due to donor-specific factors may play a role in the observed broad variance of severity and symptoms of orthohantavirus disease in patients. The absence of detectable levels of integrin αVβ3 surface expression on bronchial and small airway epithelial cells indicates an alternate mode of orthohantaviral entry in these cells that is independent from integrin β3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hägele
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 162, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Nusshag
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 162, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Müller
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 162, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Baumann
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 162, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zeier
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 162, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellen Krautkrämer
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 162, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Koban R, Lam T, Schwarz F, Kloke L, Bürge S, Ellerbrok H, Neumann M. Simplified Bioprinting-Based 3D Cell Culture Infection Models for Virus Detection. Viruses 2020; 12:E1298. [PMID: 33198291 PMCID: PMC7698278 DOI: 10.3390/v12111298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of virus-host interactions in vitro may be hindered by biological characteristics of conventional monolayer cell cultures that differ from in vivo infection. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures show more in vivo-like characteristics and may represent a promising alternative for characterisation of infections. In this study, we established easy-to-handle cell culture platforms based on bioprinted 3D matrices for virus detection and characterisation. Different cell types were cultivated on these matrices and characterised for tissue-like growth characteristics regarding cell morphology and polarisation. Cells developed an in vivo-like morphology and long-term cultivation was possible on the matrices. Cell cultures were infected with viruses which differed in host range, tissue tropism, cytopathogenicity, and genomic organisation and virus morphology. Infections were characterised on molecular and imaging level. The transparent matrix substance allowed easy optical monitoring of cells and infection even via live-cell microscopy. In conclusion, we established an enhanced, standardised, easy-to-handle bioprinted 3D-cell culture system. The infection models are suitable for sensitive monitoring and characterisation of virus-host interactions and replication of different viruses under physiologically relevant conditions. Individual cell culture models can further be combined to a multicellular array. This generates a potent diagnostic tool for propagation and characterisation of viruses from diagnostic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Koban
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.K.); (F.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Tobias Lam
- Cellbricks GmbH, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (T.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Franziska Schwarz
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.K.); (F.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Lutz Kloke
- Cellbricks GmbH, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (T.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Silvio Bürge
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heinz Ellerbrok
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.K.); (F.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Markus Neumann
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.K.); (F.S.); (M.N.)
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Gravinatti ML, Barbosa CM, Soares RM, Gregori F. Synanthropic rodents as virus reservoirs and transmitters. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20190486. [PMID: 32049206 PMCID: PMC7083353 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0486-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on reports of hepatitis E virus, hantavirus, rotavirus,
coronavirus, and arenavirus in synanthropic rodents (Rattus
rattus, Rattus norvegicus, and Mus
musculus) within urban environments. Despite their potential impact
on human health, relatively few studies have addressed the monitoring of these
viruses in rodents. Comprehensive control and preventive activities should
include actions such as the elimination or reduction of rat and mouse
populations, sanitary education, reduction of shelters for the animals, and
restriction of the access of rodents to residences, water, and food
supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Lucia Gravinatti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Martins Soares
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Gregori
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Puumala and Tula Virus Differ in Replication Kinetics and Innate Immune Stimulation in Human Endothelial Cells and Macrophages. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090855. [PMID: 31540120 PMCID: PMC6784088 DOI: 10.3390/v11090855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Old world hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) upon zoonotic transmission to humans. In Europe, the Puumala virus (PUUV) is the main causative agent of HFRS. Tula virus (TULV) is also widely distributed in Europe, but there is little knowledge about the pathogenicity of TULV for humans, as reported cases are rare. We studied the replication of TULV in different cell types in comparison to the pathogenic PUUV and analyzed differences in stimulation of innate immunity. While both viruses replicated to a similar extent in interferon (IFN)-deficient Vero E6 cells, TULV replication in human lung epithelial (A549) cells was slower and less efficient when compared to PUUV. In contrast to PUUV, no replication of TULV could be detected in human microvascular endothelial cells and in macrophages. While a strong innate immune response towards PUUV infection was evident at 48 h post infection, TULV infection triggered only a weak IFN response late after infection of A549 cells. Using appropriate in vitro cell culture models for the orthohantavirus infection, we could demonstrate major differences in host cell tropism, replication kinetics, and innate immune induction between pathogenic PUUV and the presumably non- or low-pathogenic TULV that are not observed in Vero E6 cells and may contribute to differences in virulence.
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Hägele S, Müller A, Nusshag C, Reiser J, Zeier M, Krautkrämer E. Virus- and cell type-specific effects in orthohantavirus infection. Virus Res 2018; 260:102-113. [PMID: 30508604 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses Hantaan (HTNV) and Puumala (PUUV) virus cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), that is characterized by acute renal failure with often massive proteinuria and by morphological changes of the tubular and glomerular apparatus. Orthohantaviral N protein is found in renal cells and plays a key role in replication. However, the replication in human renal cells is not well characterized. Therefore, we examined the orthohantaviral infection in different human renal cells. Differences in localization of N protein, release of particles, and modulation of the actin cytoskeleton between both virus species are observed in human renal cells. A substantial portion of HTNV N protein demonstrates a filamentous pattern in addition to the typical punctate pattern. Release of HTNV depends on an intact actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. In contrast, PUUV N protein is generally localized in a punctate pattern and release of PUUV does not require an intact actin cytoskeleton. Infection of podocytes results in cytoskeletal rearrangements that are more pronounced for HTNV. Analyzing Vero E6 cells revealed differences compared to human renal cells. The pattern of N proteins is strictly punctate, release does not depend on an intact actin cytoskeleton and cytoskeletal rearrangements are not present. No virus-specific variations between HTNV and PUUV are observed in Vero E6 cells. Using human renal cells as cell culture model for orthohantavirus infection demonstrates virus-specific differences and orthohantavirus-induced cytoskeletal rearrangements that are not observed in Vero E6 cells. Therefore, the choice of an appropriate cell culture system is a prerequisite to study orthohantavirus pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hägele
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Müller
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Nusshag
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University, Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin Zeier
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellen Krautkrämer
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Vergote V, Laenen L, Vanmechelen B, Van Ranst M, Verbeken E, Hooper JW, Maes P. A lethal disease model for New World hantaviruses using immunosuppressed Syrian hamsters. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006042. [PMID: 29077702 PMCID: PMC5678717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hantavirus, the hemorrhagic causative agent of two clinical diseases, is found worldwide with variation in severity, incidence and mortality. The most lethal hantaviruses are found on the American continent where the most prevalent viruses like Andes virus and Sin Nombre virus are known to cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. New World hantavirus infection of immunocompetent hamsters results in an asymptomatic infection except for Andes virus and Maporal virus; the only hantaviruses causing a lethal disease in immunocompetent Syrian hamsters mimicking hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in humans. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Hamsters, immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide, were infected intramuscularly with different New World hantavirus strains (Bayou virus, Black Creek Canal virus, Caño Delgadito virus, Choclo virus, Laguna Negra virus, and Maporal virus). In the present study, we show that immunosuppression of hamsters followed by infection with a New World hantavirus results in an acute disease that precisely mimics both hantavirus disease in humans and Andes virus infection of hamsters. CONCLUSIONS/ SIGNIFICANCE Infected hamsters showed specific clinical signs of disease and moreover, histological analysis of lung tissue showed signs of pulmonary edema and inflammation within alveolar septa. In this study, we were able to infect immunosuppressed hamsters with different New World hantaviruses reaching a lethal outcome with signs of disease mimicking human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentijn Vergote
- KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Laenen
- KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Vanmechelen
- KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Verbeken
- KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- Department of Molecular Virology, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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