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Wang P, Liu J, Lyu Y, Huang Z, Zhang X, Sun B, Li P, Jing X, Li H, Zhang C. A Review of Vector-Borne Rice Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102258. [PMID: 36298813 PMCID: PMC9609659 DOI: 10.3390/v14102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major staple foods for global consumption. A major roadblock to global rice production is persistent loss of crops caused by plant diseases, including rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and particularly various vector-borne rice viral diseases. Since the late 19th century, 19 species of rice viruses have been recorded in rice-producing areas worldwide and cause varying degrees of damage on the rice production. Among them, southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) and rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) in Asia, rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in Africa, and rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) in America currently pose serious threats to rice yields. This review systematizes the emergence and damage of rice viral diseases, the symptomatology and transmission biology of rice viruses, the arm races between viruses and rice plants as well as their insect vectors, and the strategies for the prevention and control of rice viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianjian Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yajing Lyu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Co-Construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ziting Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengbai Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence:
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Transgenic Rice Plants Expressing Artificial miRNA Targeting the Rice Stripe Virus MP Gene Are Highly Resistant to the Virus. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020332. [PMID: 35205198 PMCID: PMC8869529 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Rice stripe virus is a disastrous viral disease that causes significant yield losses in rice production in South, Southeast, and East Asian countries. To decrease the use of chemical insecticides, genetic engineering has become a pivotal strategy to combat the virus. In this study, we constructed a dimeric artificial microRNA precursor expression vector that targets the viral MP gene based on the structure of the rice osa-MIR528 precursor. Marker-free transgenic plants successfully expressing the MP amiRNAs were obtained and were highly resistant to RSV infection. The novel rice germplasms generated are promising for RSV control. Abstract Rice stripe virus (RSV) causes one of the most serious viral diseases of rice. RNA interference is one of the most efficient ways to control viral disease. In this study, we constructed an amiRNA targeting the RSV MP gene (amiR MP) based on the backbone sequence of the osa-MIR528 precursor, and obtained marker-free transgenic rice plants constitutively expressing amiR MP by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. A transient expression assay demonstrated that dimeric amiR MP could be effectively recognized and cleaved at the target MP gene in plants. Northern blot of miRNA indicated that amiR MP-mediated viral resistance could be stably inherited. The transgenic rice plants were highly resistant to RSV (73–90%). Our research provides novel rice germplasm for RSV control.
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Llauger G, Monti D, Adúriz M, Romão E, Dumón AD, Mattio MF, Wigdorovitz A, Muyldermans S, Vincke C, Parreño V, Del Vas M. Development of Nanobodies against Mal de Río Cuarto virus major viroplasm protein P9-1 for diagnostic sandwich ELISA and immunodetection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20013. [PMID: 34625580 PMCID: PMC8501053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV) is a member of the genus Fijivirus of the family Reoviridae that causes a devastating disease in maize and is persistently and propagatively transmitted by planthopper vectors. Virus replication and assembly occur within viroplasms formed by viral and host proteins. This work describes the isolation and characterization of llama-derived Nanobodies (Nbs) recognizing the major viral viroplasm component, P9-1. Specific Nbs were selected against recombinant P9-1, with affinities in the nanomolar range as measured by surface plasmon resonance. Three selected Nbs were fused to alkaline phosphatase and eGFP to develop a sandwich ELISA test which showed a high diagnostic sensitivity (99.12%, 95% CI 95.21-99.98) and specificity (100%, 95% CI 96.31-100) and a detection limit of 0.236 ng/ml. Interestingly, these Nanobodies recognized different P9-1 conformations and were successfully employed to detect P9-1 in pull-down assays of infected maize extracts. Finally, we demonstrated that fusions of the Nbs to eGFP and RFP allowed the immunodetection of virus present in phloem cells of leaf thin sections. The Nbs developed in this work will aid the study of MRCV epidemiology, assist maize breeding programs, and be valuable tools to boost fundamental research on viroplasm structure and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Llauger
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA INTA, UEDD INTA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Demián Monti
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA INTA, UEDD INTA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Adúriz
- INCUINTA, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), CICVyA INTA, UEDD INTA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ema Romão
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Analía Delina Dumón
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Patología Vegetal (IPAVE), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Mattio
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Patología Vegetal (IPAVE), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- INCUINTA, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), CICVyA INTA, UEDD INTA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Cécile Vincke
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viviana Parreño
- INCUINTA, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), CICVyA INTA, UEDD INTA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Del Vas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA INTA, UEDD INTA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lacombe S, Bangratz M, Ta HA, Nguyen TD, Gantet P, Brugidou C. Optimized RNA-Silencing Strategies for Rice Ragged Stunt Virus Resistance in Rice. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102008. [PMID: 34685817 PMCID: PMC8540896 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) is one of the most damaging viruses of the rice culture area in south and far-eastern Asia. To date, no genetic resistance has been identified and only expensive and non-environmentally friendly chemical treatments are deployed to fight this important disease. Non-chemical approaches based on RNA-silencing have been developed as resistance strategies against viruses. Here, we optimized classical miRNA and siRNA-based strategies to obtain efficient and durable resistance to RRSV. miRNA-based strategies are involved in producing artificial miRNA (amiR) targeting viral genomes in plants. Classically, only one amiR is produced from a single construct. We demonstrated for the first time that two amiRs targeting conserved regions of RRSV genomes could be transgenically produced in Nicotiana benthamiana and in rice for a single precursor. Transgenic rice plants producing either one or two amiR were produced. Despite efficient amiR accumulations, miRNA-based strategies with single or double amiRs failed to achieve efficient RRSV resistance in transformed rice plants. This suggests that this strategy may not be adapted to RRSV, which could rapidly evolve to counteract them. Another RNA-silencing-based method for viral resistance concerns producing several viral siRNAs targeting a viral fragment. These viral siRNAs are produced from an inverted repeat construct carrying the targeted viral fragment. Here, we optimized the inverted repeat construct using a chimeric fragment carrying conserved sequences of three different RRSV genes instead of one. Of the three selected homozygous transgenic plants, one failed to accumulate the expected siRNA. The two other ones accumulated siRNAs from either one or three fragments. A strong reduction of RRSV symptoms was observed only in transgenic plants expressing siRNAs. We consequently demonstrated, for the first time, an efficient and environmentally friendly resistance to RRSV in rice based on the siRNA-mediated strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severine Lacombe
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, University Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34090 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martine Bangratz
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, University Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34090 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Hoang Anh Ta
- Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Thanh Duc Nguyen
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Pascal Gantet
- UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Christophe Brugidou
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, University Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34090 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (C.B.)
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Zhang L, Wu N, Ren Y, Wang X. Insights Into Insect Vector Transmission and Epidemiology of Plant-Infecting Fijiviruses. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:628262. [PMID: 33717017 PMCID: PMC7943461 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.628262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses in genus Fijivirus (family Reoviridae) have caused serious damage to rice, maize and sugarcane in American, Asian, European and Oceanian countries, where seven plant-infecting and two insect-specific viruses have been reported. Because the planthopper vectors are the only means of virus spread in nature, their migration and efficient transmission of these viruses among different crops or gramineous weeds in a persistent propagative manner are obligatory for virus epidemics. Understanding the mechanisms of virus transmission by these insect vectors is thus key for managing the spread of virus. This review describes current understandings of main fijiviruses and their insect vectors, transmission characteristics, effects of viruses on the behavior and physiology of vector insects, molecular transmission mechanisms. The relationships among transmission, virus epidemics and management are also discussed. To better understand fijivirus-plant disease system, research needs to focus on the complex interactions among the virus, insect vector, insect microbes, and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingdang Ren
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Feng Z, Yuan M, Zou J, Wu L, Wei L, Chen T, Zhou N, Xue W, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Hu K, Wang G, Liu W, Pan X, Zuo S. Development of marker-free rice with stable and high resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease through RNA interference. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:212-214. [PMID: 32741105 PMCID: PMC7868976 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) disease causes severe rice yield losses in Asia. RNA interference (RNAi) has been widely applied to develop antiviral varieties in plants. So far, only a few studies reported the application of RNAi in rice against RBSDV and most of them are lack of enough data to support its breeding potential, which limited the progress on developing RBSDV-resistant variety. In this study, we generated three RNAi constructs to specifically target three RBSDV genes (S1, S2 and S6), respectively. We confirmed that RNAi targeting RBSDV S6 conferred rice with almost full immunity to RBSDV through phenotyping test in eight consecutive years in both artificial inoculation and field trials, while RNAi of S1 or S2 only leads to partially increased resistance. The S6RNAi was also found conferring strong resistance to southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), a novel species closely related to RBSDV that outbroke recently in Southern China. In particular, no adverse effects on agronomical and developmental traits were found in S6RNAi transgenic lines. The marker-free transgenic lines with S6RNAi, driven by either maize ubiquitin-1 promoter or rice rbcS green tissue expression promoter, in elite rice background should have great potential in breeding of resistant varieties to both RBSDV and SRBSDV and provide a basis for further safety evaluation and commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene ResearchCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Lin‐Bo Wu
- Institute for Molecular PhysiologyHeinrich Heine University of DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Lang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Taiyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene ResearchCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Nana Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Wenxia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Zongxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Keming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Guo‐Liang Wang
- Department of Plant PathologyOhio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for biology of plant diseases and insect pests/Institute of plant protectionChinese academy of agricultural sciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuebiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Shimin Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safetythe Ministry of Education of ChinaInstitutes of Agricultural Science and Technology DevelopmentYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
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Catch Me If You Can! RNA Silencing-Based Improvement of Antiviral Plant Immunity. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070673. [PMID: 31340474 PMCID: PMC6669615 DOI: 10.3390/v11070673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligate parasites which cause a range of severe plant diseases that affect farm productivity around the world, resulting in immense annual losses of yield. Therefore, control of viral pathogens continues to be an agronomic and scientific challenge requiring innovative and ground-breaking strategies to meet the demands of a growing world population. Over the last decade, RNA silencing has been employed to develop plants with an improved resistance to biotic stresses based on their function to provide protection from invasion by foreign nucleic acids, such as viruses. This natural phenomenon can be exploited to control agronomically relevant plant diseases. Recent evidence argues that this biotechnological method, called host-induced gene silencing, is effective against sucking insects, nematodes, and pathogenic fungi, as well as bacteria and viruses on their plant hosts. Here, we review recent studies which reveal the enormous potential that RNA-silencing strategies hold for providing an environmentally friendly mechanism to protect crop plants from viral diseases.
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Sharma S, Kumar G, Dasgupta I. Simultaneous resistance against the two viruses causing rice tungro disease using RNA interference. Virus Res 2018; 255:157-164. [PMID: 30031045 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Rice tungro is the most important viral disease affecting rice in South and Southeast Asia, caused by two viruses rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). Transgenic resistance using RNA-interference (RNAi) has been reported individually against RTBV and RTSV earlier. Here we report the development of transgenic rice plants expressing RNAi against both RTBV and RTSV simultaneously. A DNA construct carrying 300 bp of RTBV DNA and 300 bp of RTSV cDNA were cloned as the two arms in hairpin orientation in a binary plasmid background to generate RNAi against both viruses simultaneously. Transgenic rice plants were raised using the above construct and their resistance against RTBV and RTSV was quantified at the T1 plants. Levels of both the viral nucleic acids showed a fall of 100- to 500-fold in the above plants, compared with the non-transgenic controls, coupled with the amelioration of stunting. The transgenic plants also retained higher chlorophyll levels than the control non-transgenic plants after infection with RTBV and RTSV. Small RNA analysis of virus inoculated transgenic plants indicated the presence of 21 nt and 22 nt siRNAs specific to RTBV and RTSV. The evidence points towards an active RNAi mechanism leading to resistance against the tungro viruses in the plants analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Indranil Dasgupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Lan Y, Li Y, E Z, Sun F, Du L, Xu Q, Zhou T, Zhou Y, Fan Y. Identification of virus-derived siRNAs and their targets in RBSDV-infected rice by deep sequencing. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 58:227-237. [PMID: 29215744 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved mechanism against viruses in plants and animals. It is thought to inactivate the viral genome by producing virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs). Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is transmitted to plants by the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), and seriously threatens production of rice in East Asia, particularly Oryza sativa japonica subspecies. Through deep sequencing, genome-wide comparisons of RBSDV-derived vsiRNAs were made between the japonica variety Nipponbare, and the indica variety 9311. Four small RNA libraries were constructed from the leaves and shoots of each variety. We found 659,756 unique vsiRNAs in the four samples, and only 43,485 reads were commonly shared. The size distributions of vsiRNAs were mostly 21- and 22-nt long, and A/U bias (66-68%) existed at the first nucleotide of vsiRNAs. Additionally, vsiRNAs were continuously but heterogeneously distributed along S1-S10 segments of the RBSDV genome. Distribution profiles of vsiRNA hotspots were similar in different hosts and tissues, and the 5'- and 3'-terminal regions of S4, S5, and S8 had more hotspots. Distribution and abundance of RBSDV vsiRNAs could be useful in designing efficient targets for exploiting RNA interference for virus resistance. Degradome analysis found 25 and 11 host genes appeared to be targeted by vsiRNAs in 9311 and Nipponbare. We report for the first time vsiRNAs derived from RBSDV-infected rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanwu Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguo E
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin Du
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiufang Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjian Fan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Technical Service Center of Diagnosis and Detection for Plant Virus Diseases, Nanjing, China
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10
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Yu L, Shi J, Cao L, Zhang G, Wang W, Hu D, Song B. A novel method for transmitting southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus to rice without insect vector. Virol J 2017; 14:155. [PMID: 28810884 PMCID: PMC5558718 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) has spread from the south of China to the north of Vietnam in the past few years, and has severely influenced rice production. However, previous study of traditional SRBSDV transmission method by the natural virus vector, the white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera), in the laboratory, researchers are frequently confronted with lack of enough viral samples due to the limited life span of infected vectors and rice plants and low virus acquisition and inoculation efficiency by the vector. Meanwhile, traditional mechanical inoculation of virus only apply to dicotyledon because of the higher content of lignin in the leaves of the monocot. Therefore, establishing an efficient and persistent-transmitting model, with a shorter virus transmission time and a higher virus transmission efficiency, for screening novel anti-SRBSDV drugs is an urgent need. METHODS In this study, we firstly reported a novel method for transmitting SRBSDV in rice using the bud-cutting method. The transmission efficiency of SRBSDV in rice was investigated via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and the replication of SRBSDV in rice was also investigated via the proteomics analysis. RESULTS Rice infected with SRBSDV using the bud-cutting method exhibited similar symptoms to those infected by the WBPH, and the transmission efficiency (>80.00%), which was determined using the PCR method, and the virus transmission time (30 min) were superior to those achieved that transmitted by the WBPH. Proteomics analysis confirmed that SRBSDV P1, P2, P3, P4, P5-1, P5-2, P6, P8, P9-1, P9-2, and P10 proteins were present in infected rice seedlings infected via the bud-cutting method. CONCLUSION The results showed that SRBSDV could be successfully transmitted via the bud-cutting method and plants infected SRBSDV exhibited the symptoms were similar to those transmitted by the WBPH. Therefore, the use of the bud-cutting method to generate a cheap, efficient, reliable supply of SRBSDV-infected rice seedlings should aid the development of disease control strategies. Meanwhile, this method also could provide a new idea for the other virus transmission in monocot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Jing Shi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Lianlian Cao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Wenli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 China
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11
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Ahmed MMS, Bian S, Wang M, Zhao J, Zhang B, Liu Q, Zhang C, Tang S, Gu M, Yu H. RNAi-mediated resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf virus in transgenic rice. Transgenic Res 2016; 26:197-207. [PMID: 27900537 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9999-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a member of the genus Fijivirus in the family Reoviridae, causes significant economic losses in rice production in China and many other Asian countries. Development of resistant varieties by using conventional breeding methods is limited, as germplasm with high level of resistance to RBSDV have not yet been found. One of the most promising methods to confer resistance against RBSDV is the use of RNA interference (RNAi) technology. RBSDV non-structural protein P7-2, encoded by S7-2 gene, is a potential F-box protein and involved in the plant-virus interaction through the ubiquitination pathway. P8, encoded by S8 gene, is the minor core protein that possesses potent active transcriptional repression activity. In this study, we transformed rice calli using a mini-twin T-DNA vector harboring RNAi constructs of the RBSDV genes S7-2 or S8, and obtained plants harboring the target gene constructs and the selectable marker gene, hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT). From the offspring of these transgenic plants, we obtained selectable marker (HPT gene)-free plants. Homozygous T5 transgenic lines which harbored either S7-2-RNAi or S8-RNAi exhibited high level resistance against RBSDV under field infection pressure from indigenous viruliferous small brown planthoppers. Thus, our results showed that RNA interference with the expression of S7-2 or S8 genes seemed an effective way to induce high level resistance in rice against RBSD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M S Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, 13314, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Shiquan Bian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Muyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Bingwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shuzhu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Minghong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hengxiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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12
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Abstract
Rice reoviruses, transmitted by leafhopper or planthopper vectors in a persistent propagative manner, seriously threaten the stability of rice production in Asia. Understanding the mechanisms that enable viral transmission by insect vectors is a key to controlling these viral diseases. This review describes current understanding of replication cycles of rice reoviruses in vector cell lines, transmission barriers, and molecular determinants of vector competence and persistent infection. Despite recent breakthroughs, such as the discoveries of actin-based tubule motility exploited by viruses to overcome transmission barriers and mutually beneficial relationships between viruses and bacterial symbionts, there are still many gaps in our knowledge of transmission mechanisms. Advances in genome sequencing, reverse genetics systems, and molecular technologies will help to address these problems. Investigating the multiple interaction systems among the virus, insect vector, insect symbiont, and plant during natural infection in the field is a central topic for future research on rice reoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, People's Republic of China;
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China;
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13
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Wang F, Li W, Zhu J, Fan F, Wang J, Zhong W, Wang MB, Liu Q, Zhu QH, Zhou T, Lan Y, Zhou Y, Yang J. Hairpin RNA Targeting Multiple Viral Genes Confers Strong Resistance to Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050705. [PMID: 27187354 PMCID: PMC4881527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) belongs to the genus Fijivirus in the family of Reoviridae and causes severe yield loss in rice-producing areas in Asia. RNA silencing, as a natural defence mechanism against plant viruses, has been successfully exploited for engineering virus resistance in plants, including rice. In this study, we generated transgenic rice lines harbouring a hairpin RNA (hpRNA) construct targeting four RBSDV genes, S1, S2, S6 and S10, encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the putative core protein, the RNA silencing suppressor and the outer capsid protein, respectively. Both field nursery and artificial inoculation assays of three generations of the transgenic lines showed that they had strong resistance to RBSDV infection. The RBSDV resistance in the segregating transgenic populations correlated perfectly with the presence of the hpRNA transgene. Furthermore, the hpRNA transgene was expressed in the highly resistant transgenic lines, giving rise to abundant levels of 21-24 nt small interfering RNA (siRNA). By small RNA deep sequencing, the RBSDV-resistant transgenic lines detected siRNAs from all four viral gene sequences in the hpRNA transgene, indicating that the whole chimeric fusion sequence can be efficiently processed by Dicer into siRNAs. Taken together, our results suggest that long hpRNA targeting multiple viral genes can be used to generate stable and durable virus resistance in rice, as well as other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement/Jiangsu High Quality Rice R & D Center, Nanjing 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Wenqi Li
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement/Jiangsu High Quality Rice R & D Center, Nanjing 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jinyan Zhu
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement/Jiangsu High Quality Rice R & D Center, Nanjing 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Fangjun Fan
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement/Jiangsu High Quality Rice R & D Center, Nanjing 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement/Jiangsu High Quality Rice R & D Center, Nanjing 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Weigong Zhong
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement/Jiangsu High Quality Rice R & D Center, Nanjing 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Ming-Bo Wang
- CSIRO Agriculture, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Qian-Hao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Ying Lan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement/Jiangsu High Quality Rice R & D Center, Nanjing 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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14
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Le DT, Chu HD, Sasaya T. Creation of transgenic rice plants producing small interfering RNA of Rice tungro spherical virus. GM CROPS & FOOD 2015; 6:47-53. [PMID: 25984767 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2015.1025188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV), also known as Rice waika virus, does not cause visible symptoms in infected rice plants. However, the virus plays a critical role in spreading Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV), which is the major cause of severe symptoms of rice tungro disease. Recent studies showed that RNA interference (RNAi) can be used to develop virus-resistance transgenic rice plants. In this report, we presented simple procedures and protocols needed for the creation of transgenic rice plants capable of producing small interfering RNA specific against RTSV sequences. Notably, our study showed that 60 out of 64 individual hygromycin-resistant lines (putative transgenic lines) obtained through transformation carried transgenes designed for producing hairpin double-stranded RNA. Northern blot analyses revealed the presence of small interfering RNA of 21- to 24-mer in 46 out of 56 confirmed transgenic lines. Taken together, our study indicated that transgenic rice plants carrying an inverted repeat of 500-bp fragments encoding various proteins of RTSV can produce small interfering RNA from the hairpin RNA transcribed from that transgene. In light of recent studies with other viruses, it is possible that some of these transgenic rice lines might be resistant to RTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Tien Le
- a Research Team for Vector-borne Diseases; National Agriculture Research Center ; Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan
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15
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Wang Z, Li X, Wang W, Zhang W, Yu L, Hu D, Song B. Interaction research on the antiviral molecule dufulin targeting on southern rice black streaked dwarf virus p9-1 nonstructural protein. Viruses 2015; 7:1454-73. [PMID: 25807053 PMCID: PMC4379580 DOI: 10.3390/v7031454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) causes severe harm to rice production. Unfortunately, studies on effective antiviral drugs against SRBSDV and interaction mechanism of antiviral molecule targeting on SRBSDV have not been reported. This study found dufulin (DFL), an ideal anti-SRBSDV molecule, and investigated the interactions of DFL targeting on the nonstructural protein P9-1. The biological sequence information and bonding characterization of DFL to four kinds of P9-1 protein were described with fluorescence titration (FT) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) assays. The sequence analysis indicated that P9-1 had highly-conserved C- and N-terminal amino acid residues and a hypervariable region that differed from 131 aa to 160 aa. Consequently, wild-type (WT-His-P9-1), 23 C-terminal residues truncated (TR-ΔC23-His-P9-1), 6 N-terminal residues truncated (TR-ΔN6-His-P9-1), and Ser138 site-directed (MU-138-His-P9-1) mutant proteins were expressed. The FT and MST assay results indicated that DFL bounded to WT-His-P9-1 with micromole affinity and the 23 C-terminal amino acids were the potential targeting site. This system, which combines a complete sequence analysis, mutant protein expression, and binding action evaluating system, could further advance the understanding of the interaction abilities between antiviral drugs and their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Wenli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Weiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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16
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Nicaise V. Crop immunity against viruses: outcomes and future challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:660. [PMID: 25484888 PMCID: PMC4240047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Viruses cause epidemics on all major cultures of agronomic importance, representing a serious threat to global food security. As strict intracellular pathogens, they cannot be controlled chemically and prophylactic measures consist mainly in the destruction of infected plants and excessive pesticide applications to limit the population of vector organisms. A powerful alternative frequently employed in agriculture relies on the use of crop genetic resistances, approach that depends on mechanisms governing plant-virus interactions. Hence, knowledge related to the molecular bases of viral infections and crop resistances is key to face viral attacks in fields. Over the past 80 years, great advances have been made on our understanding of plant immunity against viruses. Although most of the known natural resistance genes have long been dominant R genes (encoding NBS-LRR proteins), a vast number of crop recessive resistance genes were cloned in the last decade, emphasizing another evolutive strategy to block viruses. In addition, the discovery of RNA interference pathways highlighted a very efficient antiviral system targeting the infectious agent at the nucleic acid level. Insidiously, plant viruses evolve and often acquire the ability to overcome the resistances employed by breeders. The development of efficient and durable resistances able to withstand the extreme genetic plasticity of viruses therefore represents a major challenge for the coming years. This review aims at describing some of the most devastating diseases caused by viruses on crops and summarizes current knowledge about plant-virus interactions, focusing on resistance mechanisms that prevent or limit viral infection in plants. In addition, I will discuss the current outcomes of the actions employed to control viral diseases in fields and the future investigations that need to be undertaken to develop sustainable broad-spectrum crop resistances against viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Nicaise
- Fruit Biology and Pathology, Virology Laboratory, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of BordeauxUMR 1332, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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17
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Ren C, Cheng Z, Yang L, Miao Q, Fan Y, Zhou Y. A novel, in vivo, indoor method to preserve rice black-streaked dwarf virus in small brown planthopper using wheat seedling as a bridge host. J Virol Methods 2014; 208:26-32. [PMID: 25075933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) naturally infects Gramineae plants through small brown planthopper (SBPH) as a vector. However, RBSDV cannot be transmitted to the SBPH offspring through transovarian transmission. Wheat plant, an important intermediate host in winter, is essential for the completion of the annual cycle of RBSDV in farm ecosystem. We developed a novel, in vivo, indoor method to preserve RBSDV in SBPH using wheat seedling as a bridge host. The temperature range of 23-27°C was initially selected to rear the insects and plants. Before initiating the scheme cycle, viruliferous SBPH was obtained by feeding the virus-free 1st to 2nd instar nymphs with RBSDV-infected rice plants. Four to six RBSDV-infected SBPH were placed per plant to inoculate wheat seedlings at two-to-four leaf stages. After 48 h of inoculation, the viruliferous SBPH were removed. Five mated, newly emerged virus-free SBPH females were then transferred onto each inoculated plant and allowed to lay eggs for 48 h. The newly hatched SBPH were raised on wheat seedlings until the 2nd instar nymph stage, and then transferred onto healthy rice seedlings for further development until 5th instar nymphs or adults. These newly obtained viruliferous SBPH can be used for inoculating new wheat seedlings in the succeeding maintenance cycles, or for further experiments. We discovered that the incubation period of RBSDV in wheat seedlings synchronized with the gestation period of SBPH eggs at four to six inoculated viruliferous SBPH per plant and lasted for approximately seven days. In addition, this period was optimal for enhancing the SBPH infection ratio because SBPH nymphs can only acquire the virus after they hatch. The RBSDV infection ratio of the SBPHs acquired through this method consistently exceeded 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Ren
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Road, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhaobang Cheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Road, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Road, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Road, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yongjian Fan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Road, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Road, Nanjing 210014, China
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18
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Sasaya T, Nakazono-Nagaoka E, Saika H, Aoki H, Hiraguri A, Netsu O, Uehara-Ichiki T, Onuki M, Toki S, Saito K, Yatou O. Transgenic strategies to confer resistance against viruses in rice plants. Front Microbiol 2014; 4:409. [PMID: 24454308 PMCID: PMC3888933 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is cultivated in more than 100 countries and supports nearly half of the world's population. Developing efficient methods to control rice viruses is thus an urgent necessity because viruses cause serious losses in rice yield. Most rice viruses are transmitted by insect vectors, notably planthoppers and leafhoppers. Viruliferous insect vectors can disperse their viruses over relatively long distances, and eradication of the viruses is very difficult once they become widespread. Exploitation of natural genetic sources of resistance is one of the most effective approaches to protect crops from virus infection; however, only a few naturally occurring rice genes confer resistance against rice viruses. Many investigators are using genetic engineering of rice plants as a potential strategy to control viral diseases. Using viral genes to confer pathogen-derived resistance against crops is a well-established procedure, and the expression of various viral gene products has proved to be effective in preventing or reducing infection by various plant viruses since the 1990s. RNA interference (RNAi), also known as RNA silencing, is one of the most efficient methods to confer resistance against plant viruses on their respective crops. In this article, we review the recent progress, mainly conducted by our research group, in transgenic strategies to confer resistance against tenuiviruses and reoviruses in rice plants. Our findings also illustrate that not all RNAi constructs against viral RNAs are equally effective in preventing virus infection and that it is important to identify the viral "Achilles' heel" gene to target for RNAi attack when engineering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Sasaya
- NARO Kyushu-Okinawa Agricultural Research CenterKoshi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Saika
- National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Aoki
- Hokuriku Research Center, NARO Agricultural Research CenterJoetsu, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hiraguri
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo BunkyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Netsu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo BunkyoTokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masatoshi Onuki
- NARO Kyushu-Okinawa Agricultural Research CenterKoshi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seichi Toki
- National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Saito
- Hokuriku Research Center, NARO Agricultural Research CenterJoetsu, Niigata, Japan
| | - Osamu Yatou
- Hokuriku Research Center, NARO Agricultural Research CenterJoetsu, Niigata, Japan
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19
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Abstract
The family Reoviridae separates two subfamilies and consists of 15 genera. Fourteen viruses in three genera (Phytoreovirus, Oryzavirus, and Fijivirus) infect plants. The outbreaks of the plant-infecting reoviruses cause sometime the serious yield loss of rice and maize, and are a menace to safe and efficient food production in the Southeast Asia. The plant-infecting reoviruses are double-shelled icosahedral particles, from 50 to 80nm in diameter, and include from 10 to 12 segmented double-stranded genomic RNAs depending on the viruses. These viruses are transmitted in a persistent manner by the vector insects and replicated in both plants and in their vectors. This review provides a brief overview of the plant-infecting reoviruses and their recent research progresses including the strategy for viral controls using transgenic rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Sasaya
- Agro-Environment Research Division,NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center
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20
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Viroplasm protein P9-1 of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus preferentially binds to single-stranded RNA in its octamer form, and the central interior structure formed by this octamer constitutes the major RNA binding site. J Virol 2013; 87:12885-99. [PMID: 24067964 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02264-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The P9-1 protein of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is an essential part of the viroplasm. However, little is known about its nature or biological function in the viroplasm. In this study, the structure and function of P9-1 were analyzed for in vitro binding to nucleic acids. We found that the P9-1 protein preferentially bound to single-stranded versus double-stranded nucleic acids; however, the protein displayed no preference for RBSDV versus non-RBSDV single-stranded ssRNA (ssRNA). A gel mobility shift assay revealed that the RNA gradually shifted as increasing amounts of P9-1 were added, suggesting that multiple subunits of P9-1 bind to ssRNA. By using discontinuous blue native gel and chromatography analysis, we found that the P9-1 protein was capable of forming dimers, tetramers, and octamers. Strikingly, we demonstrated that P9-1 preferentially bound to ssRNA in the octamer, rather than the dimer, form. Deletion of the C-terminal arm resulted in P9-1 no longer forming octamers; consequently, the deletion mutant protein bound to ssRNA with significantly lower affinity and with fewer copies bound per ssRNA. Alanine substitution analysis revealed that electropositive amino acids among residues 25 to 44 are important for RNA binding and map to the central interior structure that was formed only by P9-1 octamers. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into the structure and function of RBSDV viroplasm protein P9-1 binding to RNA.
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21
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Sun Z, Zhang S, Xie L, Zhu Q, Tan Z, Bian J, Sun L, Chen J. The secretory pathway and the actomyosin motility system are required for plasmodesmatal localization of the P7-1 of rice black-streaked dwarf virus. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1055-64. [PMID: 23271163 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a plant-infecting reovirus (genus Fijivirus), generally induces virus-containing tubules in infected cells. The nonstructural protein P7-1, encoded by the first open reading frame of segment 7, is involved in forming the structural matrix of these tubules. In experiments to investigate the subcellular localization of P7-1 in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells, fluorescence of P7-1:eGFP was observed in the nucleus, cytoplasm and cell periphery, and in punctate points along the cell wall of plasmolyzed cells. Co-localization with plasmodesmata-located protein 1 showed that P7-1 formed the punctate points at plasmodesmata. Mutational analysis demonstrated that transmembrane domain 1 and adjacent residues were necessary and sufficient for P7-1 to form punctate structures at the cell wall in the plasmolyzed cells. Chemical drug and protein inhibitor treatments indicated that P7-1 utilized the ER-to-Golgi secretory pathway and the actomyosin motility system for its intracellular transport. The plasmodesmatal localization of RBSDV P7-1 is therefore dependent on the secretory pathway and the actomyosin motility system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
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Hiraguri A, Ueki S, Kondo H, Nomiyama K, Shimizu T, Ichiki-Uehara T, Omura T, Sasaki N, Nyunoya H, Sasaya T. Identification of a movement protein of Mirafiori lettuce big-vein ophiovirus. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1145-1150. [PMID: 23364193 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.050005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (MiLBVV) is a member of the genus Ophiovirus, which is a segmented negative-stranded RNA virus. In microprojectile bombardment experiments to identify a movement protein (MP) gene of ophioviruses that can trans-complement intercellular movement of an MP-deficient heterologous virus, a plasmid containing an infectious clone of a tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) derivative expressing the GFP was co-bombarded with plasmids containing one of three genes from MiLBVV RNAs 1, 2 and 4 onto Nicotiana benthamiana. Intercellular movement of the movement-defective ToMV was restored by co-expression of the 55 kDa protein gene, but not with the two other genes. Transient expression in epidermal cells of N. benthamiana and onion showed that the 55 kDa protein with GFP was localized on the plasmodesmata. The 55 kDa protein encoded in the MiLBVV RNA2 can function as an MP of the virus. This report is the first to describe an ophiovirus MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hiraguri
- National Agricultural Research Center, 31-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Shoko Ueki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1, Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1, Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Koji Nomiyama
- NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center (NARO/WARC), 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takumi Shimizu
- National Agricultural Research Center, 31-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Tamaki Ichiki-Uehara
- National Agricultural Research Center, 31-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Omura
- National Agricultural Research Center, 31-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Nobumitsu Sasaki
- Gene Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nyunoya
- Gene Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- National Agricultural Research Center, 31-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
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23
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Wu J, Ni Y, Liu H, Rao L, Zhou Y, Zhou X. Development and use of three monoclonal antibodies for the detection of rice black-streaked dwarf virus in field plants and planthopper vectors. Virol J 2013; 10:114. [PMID: 23575411 PMCID: PMC3639876 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) causes great losses in rice, maize and wheat production in Asian countries. The use of serological methods for RBSDV detection depends on the availability of antibodies. In this study, three highly sensitive and specific murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against RBSDV antigens were produced using crude extracts from tumors of RBSDV-infected maize as the immunogen, and two serological assays, antigen-coated-plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ACP-ELISA) and dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) were developed for RBSDV detection. RESULTS All three MAbs reacted strongly and specifically with the crude extracts from RBSDV-infected plant and planthopper tissues. The detection endpoints of three MAbs (12E10, 18F10 and 5G5) in ACP-ELISA were respectively 1:40,960, 1:40,960, 1:81,920 (w/v, g mL-1) with the crude extract of infected maize, 1:10,240, 1:20,480, 1:20,480 (w/v, g mL-1) with the crude extract of infected rice, 1:5,120, 1:10,240, 1:10,240 (w/v, g mL-1) with the crude extract of infected wheat, 1:9,600, 1:9,600, 19,200 (individual planthopper/μL) with the crude extract of infected planthopper. The newly developed ACP-ELISA could detect the virus in the infected maize, wheat, rice tissue crude extracts diluted at 1:81,920, 1:20,480, 1:10,240 (w/v, g mL-1), respectively, and in individual viruliferous planthopper extract diluted at 1:19200 (individual planthopper/μL). The dot-ELISA was proved to detect the virus in the infected maize, wheat and rice tissue crude extracts diluted at 1:320 (w/v, g mL-1), and in individual viruliferous planthopper extract diluted at 1:1,600 (individual planthopper/μL), respectively. Field plants (915) and planthopper samples (594) from five provinces of China were screened for the presence of RBSDV using the two developed serological assays. The results indicated that 338 of the 915 plant samples and 19 of the 594 planthopper samples were infected by RBSDV. CONCLUSIONS The newly developed ACP-ELISA and dot-ELISA were highly sensitive and specific to detect RBSDV in field plant and planthopper samples. The field survey demonstrated that RBSDV is widespread in rice, maize and wheat crops in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong provinces of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Jia D, Guo N, Chen H, Akita F, Xie L, Omura T, Wei T. Assembly of the viroplasm by viral non-structural protein Pns10 is essential for persistent infection of rice ragged stunt virus in its insect vector. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:2299-2309. [PMID: 22837415 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.042424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV), an oryzavirus, is transmitted by brown planthopper in a persistent propagative manner. In this study, sequential infection of RRSV in the internal organs of its insect vector after ingestion of virus was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy. RRSV was first detected in the epithelial cells of the midgut, from where it proceeded to the visceral muscles surrounding the midgut, then throughout the visceral muscles of the midgut and hindgut, and finally into the salivary glands. Viroplasms, the sites of virus replication and assembly of progeny virions, were formed in the midgut epithelium, visceral muscles and salivary glands of infected insects and contained the non-structural protein Pns10 of RRSV, which appeared to be the major constituent of the viroplasms. Viroplasm-like structures formed in non-host insect cells following expression of Pns10 in a baculovirus system, suggesting that the viroplasms observed in RRSV-infected cells were composed basically of Pns10. RNA interference induced by ingestion of dsRNA from the Pns10 gene of RRSV strongly inhibited such viroplasm formation, preventing efficient virus infection and spread in its insect vectors. These results show that Pns10 of RRSV is essential for viroplasm formation and virus replication in the vector insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Jia
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Nianmei Guo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Fusamichi Akita
- National Agricultural Research Center, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Lianhui Xie
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Toshihiro Omura
- National Agricultural Research Center, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
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25
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Tanaka T, Eusebio-Cope A, Sun L, Suzuki N. Mycoreovirus genome alterations: similarities to and differences from rearrangements reported for other reoviruses. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:186. [PMID: 22675320 PMCID: PMC3365852 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Reoviridae is one of the largest virus families with genomes composed of 9-12 double-stranded RNA segments. It includes members infecting organisms from protists to humans. It is well known that reovirus genomes are prone to various types of genome alterations including intragenic rearrangement and reassortment under laboratory and natural conditions. Recently distinct genetic alterations were reported for members of the genus Mycoreovirus, Mycoreovirus 1 (MyRV1), and MyRV3 with 11 (S1-S11) and 12 genome segments (S1-S12), respectively. While MyRV3 S8 is lost during subculturing of infected host fungal strains, MyRV1 rearrangements undergo alterations spontaneously and inducibly. The inducible MyRV1 rearrangements are different from any other previous examples of reovirus rearrangements in their dependence on an unrelated virus factor, a multifunctional protein, p29, encoded by a distinct virus Cryphonectria parasitica hypovirus 1 (CHV1). A total of 5 MyRV1 variants with genome rearranged segments (S1-S3, S6 and S10) are generated in the background of a single viral strain in the presence of CHV1 p29 supplied either transgenically or by coinfection. MyRV1 S4 and S10 are rearranged, albeit very infrequently, in a CHV1 p29 independent fashion. A variant of MyRV1 with substantial deletions in both S4 and S10, generated through a combined reassortment and rearrangement approach, shows comparable replication levels to the wild-type MyRV1. In vivo and in vitro interactions of CHV1 p29 and MyRV1 VP9 are implicated in the induction of MyRV1 rearrangements. However, the mechanism underlying p29-mediated rearrangements remains largely unknown. MyRV1 S4 rearrangements spontaneously occurred independently of CHV1 p29. In the absence of reverse genetics systems for mycoreoviruses, molecular and biological characterization of these MyRV1 and MyRV3 variants contribute to functional analyses of the protein products encoded by those rearranged segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Tanaka
- Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Bioresources, Okayama University Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
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Hairpin RNA derived from the gene for Pns9, a viroplasm matrix protein of Rice gall dwarf virus, confers strong resistance to virus infection in transgenic rice plants. J Biotechnol 2011; 157:421-7. [PMID: 22212819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The nonstructural Pns9 protein of Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) accumulates in viroplasm inclusions, which are structures that appear to play an important role in viral morphogenesis and are commonly found in host cells infected by viruses in the family Reoviridae. An RNA interference construct was designed to target the gene for Pns9 of RGDV, namely Trigger_G9. The resultant transgenic plants accumulated short interfering RNAs specific for the construct. All progenies from self-fertilized transgenic plants had strong and heritable resistance to RGDV infection and did not allow the propagation of RGDV. By contrast, our transgenic plants remained susceptible to Rice dwarf virus, another phytoreovirus. There were no significant changes in the morphology of our transgenic plants compared with non-inoculated wild-type rice plants, suggesting that genes critical for the growth of rice plants were unaffected. Our results demonstrate that the resistance to RGDV of our transgenic rice plants is not due to resistance to the vector insects but to specific inhibition of RGDV replication and that the designed trigger sequence is functioning normally. Thus, our strategy to target a gene for viroplasm matrix protein should be applicable to plant viruses that belong to the family Reoviridae.
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