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Rojas-Solé C, Pinilla-González V, Lillo-Moya J, González-Fernández T, Saso L, Rodrigo R. Integrated approach to reducing polypharmacy in older people: exploring the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant potential therapy. Redox Rep 2024; 29:2289740. [PMID: 38108325 PMCID: PMC10732214 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2289740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased life expectancy, attributed to improved access to healthcare and drug development, has led to an increase in multimorbidity, a key contributor to polypharmacy. Polypharmacy is characterised by its association with a variety of adverse events in the older persons. The mechanisms involved in the development of age-related chronic diseases are largely unknown; however, altered redox homeostasis due to ageing is one of the main theories. In this context, the present review explores the development and interaction between different age-related diseases, mainly linked by oxidative stress. In addition, drug interactions in the treatment of various diseases are described, emphasising that the holistic management of older people and their pathologies should prevail over the individual treatment of each condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Rojas-Solé
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Pinilla-González
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Lillo-Moya
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tommy González-Fernández
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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2
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Sim HH, Shiwakoti S, Lee JH, Lee IY, Ok Y, Lim HK, Ko JY, Oak MH. 2,7-Phloroglucinol-6,6'-bieckol from Ecklonia cava ameliorates nanoplastics-induced premature endothelial senescence and dysfunction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175007. [PMID: 39053557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs), plastic particles ranging from 1 to 100 nm are ubiquitous environmental pollutants infiltrating ecosystems. Their small size and widespread use in various products raise concerns for human health, particularly their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). NPs can enter the human body through multiple routes, causing oxidative stress, and leading to the senescence and dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs). Although there are potential natural compounds for treating CVD, there is limited research on preventing CVD induced by NPs. This study investigates the efficacy of Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) in preventing NPs-induced premature vascular senescence and dysfunction. Exposure of porcine coronary arteries (PCAs) and porcine coronary ECs to NPs, either alone or in combination with ECE, demonstrated that ECE mitigates senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity induced by NPs, thus preventing premature endothelial senescence. ECE also improved NPs-induced vascular dysfunction. The identified active ingredient in Ecklonia cava, 2,7'-Phloroglucinol-6,6'-bieckol (PHB), a phlorotannin, proved to be pivotal in these protective effects. PHB treatment ameliorated SA-β-gal activity, reduced oxidative stress, restored cell proliferation, and decreased the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins such as p53, p21, p16, and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1), well known triggers for EC senescence. Moreover, PHB also improved NPs-induced vascular dysfunction by upregulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and restoring endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. In conclusion, Ecklonia cava and its active ingredient, PHB, exhibit potential as therapeutic agents against NPs-induced premature EC senescence and dysfunction, indicating a protective effect against environmental pollutants-induced CVDs associated with vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Hee Sim
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Saugat Shiwakoti
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeok Lee
- Division of Commercialization Support, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejoo Ok
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kyu Lim
- Department of Marine and Fisheries Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Ko
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Ho Oak
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Panduga S, Vasishta S, Subramani R, Vincent S, Mutalik S, Joshi MB. Epidrugs in the clinical management of atherosclerosis: Mechanisms, challenges and promises. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 980:176827. [PMID: 39038635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex and multigenic pathology associated with significant epigenetic reprogramming. Traditional factors (age, sex, obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, hypertension) and non-traditional factors (foetal indices, microbiome alteration, clonal hematopoiesis, air pollution, sleep disorders) induce endothelial dysfunction, resulting in reduced vascular tone and increased vascular permeability, inflammation and shear stress. These factors induce paracrine and autocrine interactions between several cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and T cells. Such cellular interactions lead to tissue-specific epigenetic reprogramming regulated by DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs, which manifests in atherosclerosis. Our review outlines epigenetic signatures during atherosclerosis, which are viewed as potential clinical biomarkers that may be adopted as new therapeutic targets. Additionally, we emphasize epigenetic modifiers referred to as 'epidrugs' as potential therapeutic molecules to correct gene expression patterns and restore vascular homeostasis during atherosclerosis. Further, we suggest nanomedicine-based strategies involving the use of epidrugs, which may selectively target cells in the atherosclerotic microenvironment and reduce off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Panduga
- Department of Biochemistry, Palamur Biosciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, 500026, Telangana, India; PhD Program, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Sampara Vasishta
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Subramani
- Department of Biochemistry, Palamur Biosciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, 500026, Telangana, India
| | - Sthevaan Vincent
- Department of Pathology, Palamur Biosciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, 500026, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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4
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Aroca-Esteban J, Souza-Neto FV, Aguilar-Latorre C, Tribaldo-Torralbo A, González-López P, Ruiz-Simón R, Álvarez-Villareal M, Ballesteros S, de Ceniga MV, Landete P, González-Rodríguez Á, Martín-Ventura JL, de Las Heras N, Escribano Ó, Gómez-Hernández A. Potential protective role of let-7d-5p in atherosclerosis progression reducing the inflammatory pathway regulated by NF-κB and vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167327. [PMID: 38945455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasing in the last decades, even is the main cause of death in first world countries being atherosclerosis one of the principal triggers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to decipher the underlying mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis progression. In this respect, microRNAs dysregulation is frequently involved in the progression of multiple diseases including CVDs. Our aim was to demonstrate that let-7d-5p unbalance could contribute to the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker. We evaluated let-7d-5p levels in vascular biopsies and exosome-enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs) from patients with carotid atherosclerosis and healthy donors. Moreover, we overexpressed let-7d-5p in vitro in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to decipher the targets and the underlying mechanisms regulated by let-7d-5p in atherosclerosis. Our results demonstrate that let-7d-5p was significantly upregulated in carotid plaques from overweight patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Moreover, in EVs isolated from plasma, we found that let-7d-5p levels were increased in carotid atherosclerosis patients compared to control subjects specially in overweight patients. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses confirmed its utility as a diagnostic biomarker for atherosclerosis. In VSMCs, we demonstrated that increased let-7d-5p levels impairs cell proliferation and could serve as a protective mechanism against inflammation by impairing NF-κB pathway without affecting insulin resistance. In summary, our results highlight the role of let-7d-5p as a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis since its overexpression induce a decrease in inflammation and VSMCs proliferation, and also, as a novel non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for atherosclerosis in overweight patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aroca-Esteban
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco V Souza-Neto
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Aguilar-Latorre
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Tribaldo-Torralbo
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula González-López
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Ruiz-Simón
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Álvarez-Villareal
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Ballesteros
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melina Vega de Ceniga
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pedro Landete
- Departmento de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Martín-Ventura
- IIS-Fundation Jimenez-Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia de Las Heras
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Matsumoto T, Nagano T, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T, Tanaka-Totoribe N. Toll-like receptor 3 involvement in vascular function. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176842. [PMID: 39033837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining endothelial cell (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) integrity is an important component of human health and disease because both EC and VSMC regulate various functions, including vascular tone control, cellular adhesion, homeostasis and thrombosis regulation, proliferation, and vascular inflammation. Diverse stressors affect functions in both ECs and VSMCs and abnormalities of functions in these cells play a crucial role in cardiovascular disease initiation and progression. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important detectors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from various microbes and viruses as well as damage-associated molecular patterns derived from damaged cells and perform innate immune responses. Among TLRs, several studies reveal that TLR3 plays a key role in initiation, development and/or protection of diseases, and an emerging body of evidence indicates that TLR3 presents components of the vasculature, including ECs and VSMCs, and plays a functional role. An agonist of TLR3, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)], affects ECs, including cell death, inflammation, chemoattractant, adhesion, permeability, and hemostasis. Poly (I:C) also affects VSMCs including inflammation, proliferation, and modulation of vascular tone. Moreover, alterations of vascular function induced by certain molecules and/or interventions are exerted through TLR3 signaling. Hence, we present the association between TLR3 and vascular function according to the latest studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Second Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Medical Science, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, 882-8508, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Nagano
- Second Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Medical Science, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, 882-8508, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Naoko Tanaka-Totoribe
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Medical Science, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, 882-8508, Japan
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6
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Zhao Y, Shen QQ. Link between periodontitis and diabetic retinopathy: Inflammatory pathways and clinical implications. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1842-1846. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i9.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus has been well-established. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important complication of diabetes, but there are few studies on the relationship between DR and periodontitis, especially on the intrinsic inflammatory pathway mechanism. This article reviews the latest clinical data on how diabetes promotes susceptibility to periodontitis from the epidemiological and molecular perspectives, with a special focus on the key roles of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in the interplay between DR and periodontitis. Comprehension of the intertwined pathogenesis of DR and periodontitis can better guide the development of comprehensive management strategies for glycemic control and periodontal health, with the aim of mitigating the progression of DR and enhancing overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Geriatric Medicine Center, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Quan-Quan Shen
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie 551700, Guizhou Province, China
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7
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Kurhaluk N. Supplementation with l-arginine and nitrates vs age and individual physiological reactivity. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1239-1259. [PMID: 37903373 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a natural ontogenetic phenomenon that entails a decrease in the adaptive capacity of the organism, as a result of which the body becomes less adaptable to stressful conditions. Nitrate and nitrite enter the body from exogenous sources and from nitrification of ammonia nitrogen by intestinal microorganisms. This review considers the mechanisms of action of l-arginine, a known inducer of nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis, and nitrates as supplements in the processes of ageing and aggravated stress states, in which mechanisms of individual physiological reactivity play an important role. This approach can be used as an element of individual therapy or prevention of premature ageing processes depending on the different levels of initial reactivity of the functional systems. A search was performed of the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases (n = 181 articles) and the author's own research (n = 4) up to May 5, 2023. The review presents analyses of data on targeted treatment of NO generation by supplementation with l-arginine or nitrates, which is a promising means for prevention of hypoxic conditions frequently accompanying pathological processes in an ageing organism. The review clarifies the role of the individual state of physiological reactivity, using the example of individuals with a high predominance of cholinergic regulatory mechanisms who already have a significant reserve of adaptive capacity. In studies of the predominance of adrenergic influences, a poorly trained organism as well as an elderly organism correspond to low resistance, which is an additional factor of damage at increased energy expenditure. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the role of NO synthesis from supplementation of dietary nitrates and nitrites increases with age rather than from oxygen-dependent biosynthetic reactions from l-arginine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
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8
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Kim H, Kang S, Go GW. Black beans ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill) included in a multi-grain rice reduce total cholesterol and enhance antioxidant capacity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2857-2864. [PMID: 39184995 PMCID: PMC11339200 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of black bean (BB) supplementation on the growth performance, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capacity of high-fat diet-induced obese mice. The results demonstrated that although the inclusion of BBs led to increased body weight, total energy intake, and feed efficiency ratio, it did not significantly alter the overall body composition, including adiposity. Notably, BB consumption reduced total cholesterol levels, suggesting its potential to manage dyslipidemia and reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, BBs significantly enhanced in the total antioxidant capacity, as indicated by the notable increase in both the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity. These findings provide significant insights into the promising health benefits of BBs in the context of metabolic syndrome and related health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
| | - Gwang-woong Go
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Korea
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9
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Fluca AL, Pani B, Janjusevic M, Zwas DR, Abraham Y, Calligaris M, Beltrami AP, Campos Corgosinho F, Marketou M, D'Errico S, Sinagra G, Aleksova A. Unraveling the relationship among insulin resistance, IGF-1, and amyloid-beta 1-40: Is the definition of type 3 diabetes applicable in the cardiovascular field? Life Sci 2024; 352:122911. [PMID: 39002609 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The concept of "type 3 diabetes" has emerged to define alterations in glucose metabolism that predispose individuals to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Novel evidence suggests that changes in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/growth hormone (GH) axis, which are characteristic of Diabetes Mellitus, are one of the major factors contributing to excessive amyloid-beta (Aβ) production and neurodegenerative processes in AD. Moreover, molecular findings suggest that insulin resistance and dysregulated IGF-1 signaling promote atherosclerosis via endothelial dysfunction and a pro-inflammatory state. As the pathophysiological role of Aβ1-40 in patients with cardiovascular disease has attracted attention due to its involvement in plaque formation and destabilization, it is of great interest to explore whether a paradigm similar to that in AD exists in the cardiovascular field. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the intricate interplay between insulin resistance, IGF-1, and Aβ1-40 in the cardiovascular system and assess the applicability of the type 3 diabetes concept. Understanding these relationships may offer novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic strategies to mitigate cardiovascular risk in patients with insulin resistance and dysregulated IGF-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lucia Fluca
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Pani
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Milijana Janjusevic
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Donna R Zwas
- Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women, Heart Institute, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yosefa Abraham
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Public Health Medical Faculty Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Matteo Calligaris
- Department of Medicine (DMED), Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Paolo Beltrami
- Department of Medicine (DMED), Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Istituto di Patologia Clinica, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Maria Marketou
- Heraklion University General Hospital, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Cardiology Department, Crete, Greece
| | - Stefano D'Errico
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Aneta Aleksova
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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10
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Allen MF, Park SY, Kwak YS. Oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction: Potential therapeutic targets and therapies in peripheral artery disease. Microvasc Res 2024; 155:104713. [PMID: 38914307 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2024.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the manifestation of atherosclerosis characterized by the accumulation of plaques in the arteries of the lower limbs. Interestingly, growing evidence suggests that the pathology of PAD is multifaceted and encompasses both vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunctions, which contributes to blunted physical capabilities and diminished quality of life. Importantly, it has been suggested that many of these pathological impairments may stem from blunted reduction-oxidation (redox) handling. Of note, in those with PAD, excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) outweighs antioxidant capabilities resulting in oxidative damage, which may have systemic consequences. It has been suggested that antioxidant supplementation may be able to assist in handling ROS. However, the activation of various ROS production sites makes it difficult to determine the efficacy of these antioxidant supplements. Therefore, this review focuses on the common cellular mechanisms that facilitate ROS production and discusses how excessive ROS may impair vascular and skeletal muscle function in PAD. Furthermore, we provide insight for current and potential antioxidant therapies, specifically highlighting activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) - Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway as a potential pharmacological therapy to combat ROS accumulation and aid in vascular function, and physical performance in patients with PAD. Altogether, this review provides a better understanding of excessive ROS in the pathophysiology of PAD and enhances our perception of potential therapeutic targets that may improve vascular function, skeletal muscle function, walking capacity, and quality of life in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Allen
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Song-Young Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States of America; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Yi-Sub Kwak
- Department of Physical Education, College of Arts, Design, and Sports Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Abd-Elmoniem KZ, Edwan JH, Dietsche KB, Villalobos-Perez A, Shams N, Matta J, Baumgarten L, Qaddumi WN, Dixon SA, Chowdhury A, Stagliano M, Mabundo L, Wentzel A, Hadigan C, Gharib AM, Chung ST. Endothelial Dysfunction in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinical Translational Study. Circ Res 2024; 135:639-650. [PMID: 39069898 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (Y-T2D) is associated with increased risk for coronary atherosclerotic disease, but the timing of the earliest pathological features and evidence of cardiac endothelial dysfunction have not been evaluated in this population. Endothelial function magnetic resonance imaging may detect early and direct endothelial dysfunction in the absence of classical risk factors (severe hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia). Using endothelial function magnetic resonance imaging, we evaluated peripheral and coronary artery structure and endothelial function in young adults with Y-T2D diagnosed ≤5 years compared with age-matched healthy peers. We isolated and characterized plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles and evaluated their effects on inflammatory and signaling biomarkers in healthy human coronary artery endothelial cells to validate the imaging findings. METHODS Right coronary wall thickness, coronary artery flow-mediated dilation, and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation were measured at baseline and during isometric handgrip exercise using a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging. Human coronary artery endothelial cells were treated with Y-T2D plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles. Protein expression was measured by Western blot analysis, oxidative stress was measured using the redox-sensitive probe dihydroethidium, and nitric oxide levels were measured by 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluororescein diacetate. RESULTS Y-T2D (n=20) had higher hemoglobin A1c and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, but similar total and LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol compared with healthy peers (n=16). Y-T2D had greater coronary wall thickness (1.33±0.13 versus 1.22±0.13 mm; P=0.04) and impaired endothelial function: lower coronary artery flow-mediated dilation (-3.1±15.5 versus 15.9±17.3%; P<0.01) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (6.7±14.7 versus 26.4±15.2%; P=0.001). Y-T2D plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles reduced phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide levels, increased reactive oxygen species production, and elevated ICAM (intercellular adhesion molecule)-mediated inflammatory pathways in human coronary artery endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Coronary and brachial endothelial dysfunction was evident in Y-T2D who were within 5 years of diagnosis and did not have severe hyperglycemia or dyslipidemia. Plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles induced markers of endothelial dysfunction, which corroborated accelerated subclinical coronary atherosclerosis as an early feature in Y-T2D. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02830308 and NCT01399385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Z Abd-Elmoniem
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Biomedical Medical and Imaging Branch (K.Z.A., J.E., N.S., J.M., L.B., W.Q., A.M.G.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jehad H Edwan
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Biomedical Medical and Imaging Branch (K.Z.A., J.E., N.S., J.M., L.B., W.Q., A.M.G.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katrina B Dietsche
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch (K.B., A.V., S.D., A.C., M.S., L.M., S.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alfredo Villalobos-Perez
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch (K.B., A.V., S.D., A.C., M.S., L.M., S.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nour Shams
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Biomedical Medical and Imaging Branch (K.Z.A., J.E., N.S., J.M., L.B., W.Q., A.M.G.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jatin Matta
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Biomedical Medical and Imaging Branch (K.Z.A., J.E., N.S., J.M., L.B., W.Q., A.M.G.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Leilah Baumgarten
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Biomedical Medical and Imaging Branch (K.Z.A., J.E., N.S., J.M., L.B., W.Q., A.M.G.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Waleed N Qaddumi
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Biomedical Medical and Imaging Branch (K.Z.A., J.E., N.S., J.M., L.B., W.Q., A.M.G.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sydney A Dixon
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch (K.B., A.V., S.D., A.C., M.S., L.M., S.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Aruba Chowdhury
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch (K.B., A.V., S.D., A.C., M.S., L.M., S.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael Stagliano
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch (K.B., A.V., S.D., A.C., M.S., L.M., S.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lilian Mabundo
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch (K.B., A.V., S.D., A.C., M.S., L.M., S.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Annemarie Wentzel
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (A.W.), North-West University, Potchefstroom
- South African Medical Research Council, Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease (A.W.), North-West University, Potchefstroom
| | - Colleen Hadigan
- Clinical Center (C.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ahmed M Gharib
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Biomedical Medical and Imaging Branch (K.Z.A., J.E., N.S., J.M., L.B., W.Q., A.M.G.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stephanie T Chung
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch (K.B., A.V., S.D., A.C., M.S., L.M., S.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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12
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Prajapat SK, Maharana KC, Singh S. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1999-2016. [PMID: 37642880 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a matter of concern worldwide, and mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the major contributing factors. Vascular endothelial dysfunction has a major role in the development of atherosclerosis because of the abnormal chemokine secretion, inflammatory mediators, enhancement of LDL oxidation, cytokine elevation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Endothelial cells transfer oxygen from the pulmonary circulatory system to the tissue surrounding the blood vessels, and a majority of oxygen is transferred to the myocardium by endothelial cells, which utilise a small amount of oxygen to generate ATP. Free radicals of oxide are produced by mitochondria, which are responsible for cellular oxygen uptake. Increased mitochondrial ROS generation and reduction in agonist-stimulated eNOS activation and nitric oxide bioavailability were directly linked to the observed change in mitochondrial dynamics, resulting in various CVDs and endothelial dysfunction. Presently, the manuscript mainly focuses on endothelial dysfunction, providing a deep understanding of the various features of mitochondrial mechanisms that are used to modulate endothelial dysfunction. We talk about recent findings and approaches that may make it possible to detect mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential biomarker for risk assessment and diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction. In the end, we cover several targets that may reduce mitochondrial dysfunction through both direct and indirect processes and assess the impact of several different classes of drugs in the context of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Prajapat
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Krushna Ch Maharana
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial Area, Dist: Vaishali, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India.
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13
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Balistreri CR, Di Giorgi L, Monastero R. Focus of endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction in ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease: Possible intervention strategies. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102362. [PMID: 38830545 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The integrity of the endothelial glycocalyx (eGCX), a mixture of carbohydrates attached to proteins expressed on the surface of blood vessel endothelial cells (EC), is critical for the maintenance of homeostasis of the cardiovascular system and all systems of the human body, the endothelium being the critical component of the stroma of all tissues. Consequently, dysfunction of eGCX results in a dysfunctional cardiovascular wall and severe downstream cardiovascular events, which contribute to the onset of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as other age-related diseases (ARDs). The key role of eGCX dysfunction in the onset of ARDs is examined here, with a focus on the most prevalent neurological diseases: ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of some treatment strategies for anti-eGCX dysfunction are described, ranging from experimental drug therapies, which need to be better tested and explored not only in animal models but also in humans, as well as reprogramming, the use of nutraceuticals, which are emerging as regenerative and new approaches. The promotion of these strategies is essential to keep eGCX and endothelium healthy, as is the development of intravital (e.g., intravascular) tools to estimate eGCX health status and treatment efficacy, which could lead to advanced solutions to address ARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Cellular, Molecular and Clinical Pathological Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo 90134, Italy.
| | - Lucia Di Giorgi
- Memory and Parkinson's disease Center Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo, and Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Via La Loggia 1, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Roberto Monastero
- Memory and Parkinson's disease Center Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo, and Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Via La Loggia 1, Palermo 90129, Italy.
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14
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Lian C, Liu J, Wei W, Wu X, Goto T, Li H, Tu R, Dai H. Mg-gallate metal-organic framework-based sprayable hydrogel for continuously regulating oxidative stress microenvironment and promoting neurovascular network reconstruction in diabetic wounds. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:181-194. [PMID: 38711758 PMCID: PMC11070761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic diabetic wounds are the most common complication for diabetic patients. Due to high oxidative stress levels affecting the entire healing process, treating diabetic wounds remains a challenge. Here, we present a strategy for continuously regulating oxidative stress microenvironment by the catalyst-like magnesium-gallate metal-organic framework (Mg-GA MOF) and developing sprayable hydrogel dressing with sodium alginate/chitosan quaternary ammonium salts to treat diabetic wounds. Chitosan quaternary ammonium salts with antibacterial properties can prevent bacterial infection. The continuous release of gallic acid (GA) effectively eliminates reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduces oxidative stress, and accelerates the polarization of M1-type macrophages to M2-type, shortening the transition between inflammation and proliferative phase and maintaining redox balance. Besides, magnesium ions adjuvant therapy promotes vascular regeneration and neuronal formation by activating the expression of vascular-associated genes. Sprayable hydrogel dressings with antibacterial, antioxidant, and inflammatory regulation rapidly repair diabetic wounds by promoting neurovascular network reconstruction and accelerating re-epithelialization and collagen deposition. This study confirms the feasibility of catalyst-like MOF-contained sprayable hydrogel to regulate the microenvironment continuously and provides guidance for developing the next generation of non-drug diabetes dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaopei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-ammonia Energy Technologies, FoshanXianhu Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Takashi Goto
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Haiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Honglian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-ammonia Energy Technologies, FoshanXianhu Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, China
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15
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Shen X, Yang H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Sun Q. The cellular and molecular targets of natural products against metabolic disorders: a translational approach to reach the bedside. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e664. [PMID: 39049964 PMCID: PMC11266934 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, including obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome, are characterized by insulin resistance, abnormalities in circulating cholesterol and lipid profiles, and hypertension. The most common pathophysiologies of metabolic disorders are glucose/lipid metabolism dysregulation, insulin resistance, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. Although several agents have been approved for the treatment of metabolic disorders, there is still a strong demand for more efficacious drugs with less side effects. Natural products have been critical sources of drug research and discovery for decades. However, the usefulness of bioactive natural products is often limited by incomplete understanding of their direct cellular targets. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the established and emerging molecular mechanisms of metabolic disorders. We further summarize the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of natural products on metabolic disorders, with highlights on their direct cellular targets, which are mainly implicated in the regulation of glucose/lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, metabolic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Finally, this review also covers the clinical studies of natural products in metabolic disorders. These progresses are expected to facilitate the application of these natural products and their derivatives in the development of novel drugs against metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Shen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Hongling Yang
- Department of Nephrology and Institute of NephrologySichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Kidney DiseasesChengduChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduChina
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical GeneticsSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduChina
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduChina
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16
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Zheng J, He J, Li H. FAM19A5 in vascular aging and osteoporosis: Mechanisms and the "calcification paradox". Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102361. [PMID: 38821416 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Aging induces a progressive decline in the vasculature's structure and function. Vascular aging is a determinant factor for vascular ailments in the elderly. FAM19A5, a recently identified adipokine, has demonstrated involvement in multiple vascular aging-related pathologies, including atherosclerosis, cardio-cerebral vascular diseases and cognitive deficits. This review summarizes the current understanding of FAM19A5' role and explores its putative regulatory mechanisms in various aging-related disorders, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and malignancies. Importantly, we provide novel insights into the underlying therapeutic value of FAM19A5 in osteoporosis. Finally, we outline future perspectives on the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of FAM19A5 in vascular aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huahua Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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17
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Nagar N, Naidu G, Panda SK, Gulati K, Singh RP, Poluri KM. Elucidating the role of chemokines in inflammaging associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 220:111944. [PMID: 38782074 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Age-related inflammation or inflammaging is a critical deciding factor of physiological homeostasis during aging. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are exquisitely associated with aging and inflammation and are one of the leading causes of high mortality in the elderly population. Inflammaging comprises dysregulation of crosstalk between the vascular and cardiac tissues that deteriorates the vasculature network leading to development of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic-associated CVDs in elderly populations. Leukocyte differentiation, migration and recruitment holds a crucial position in both inflammaging and atherosclerotic CVDs through relaying the activity of an intricate network of inflammation-associated protein-protein interactions. Among these interactions, small immunoproteins such as chemokines play a major role in the progression of inflammaging and atherosclerosis. Chemokines are actively involved in lymphocyte migration and severe inflammatory response at the site of injury. They relay their functions via chemokine-G protein-coupled receptors-glycosaminoglycan signaling axis and is a principal part for the detection of age-related atherosclerosis and related CVDs. This review focuses on highlighting the detailed intricacies of the effects of chemokine-receptor interaction and chemokine oligomerization on lymphocyte recruitment and its evident role in clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis and related CVDs. Further, the role of chemokine mediated signaling for formulating next-generation therapeutics against atherosclerosis has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Goutami Naidu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Khushboo Gulati
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Ravindra Pal Singh
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat International Finance Tec-City, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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18
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Li B, Zhang Q, Yang R, He Y, Zhang H. Characteristics of Inflammatory and Normal Endothelial Exosomes on Endothelial Function and the Development of Hypertension. Inflammation 2024; 47:1156-1169. [PMID: 38240985 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the development of hypertension. We hypothesize that inflammatory and normal endothelial exosomes play their roles by mediating endothelial function, and they induce endothelial angiogenesis through different signaling pathways. Endothelial cell-derived exosomes were isolated from the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with (TExo) or without (CExo) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. We monitored dermal microcirculation profiles in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and WKY rats using a laser Doppler imager and a laser Doppler perfusion and temperature monitor. Tube formation, levels of angiogenesis-related proteins in HUVEC-conditioned media, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed following TNF-α, CExo, or TExo treatments. Western blot analysis was conducted to examine signaling proteins associated with inflammation and ROS. The results showed increased blood perfusion and the mean amplitude of endothelial oscillator in SHRs following CExo administration. TNF-α, CExo, and TExo treatments promoted endothelial tube formation and elevated levels of angiogenic factors and ROS. TExo significantly increased phosphorylation levels of STAT3, p38, and level of NF-κB, while decreasing phosphorylation levels of JNK and Erk (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). CExo significantly increased STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced JNK and Erk phosphorylation (all P < 0.01). In conclusion, TNF-α and TExo induce inflammatory and pathological angiogenesis via the NF-κB pathway, while CExo exhibits a physiologically pro-angiogenic effect on endothelial cells. Increased ROS, interplaying with inflammatory signals, contribute to exosome-mediated alterations of endothelial function, thereby playing a role in the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Li
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- International Center of Microvascular Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qiuju Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- International Center of Microvascular Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- International Center of Microvascular Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yuhong He
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- International Center of Microvascular Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- International Center of Microvascular Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Wiciński M, Fajkiel-Madajczyk A, Kurant Z, Liss S, Szyperski P, Szambelan M, Gromadzki B, Rupniak I, Słupski M, Sadowska-Krawczenko I. Ashwagandha's Multifaceted Effects on Human Health: Impact on Vascular Endothelium, Inflammation, Lipid Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Outcomes-A Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2481. [PMID: 39125360 PMCID: PMC11314093 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera, commonly known as Ashwagandha, has been popular for many years. Numerous studies have shown that the extract of this plant, due to its wealth of active substances, can induce anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, adaptogenic, anti-arthritic, anti-stress, and antimicrobial effects. This review examines the impact of Ashwagandha extract on the vascular endothelium, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular outcomes. Studies have shown that Ashwagandha extracts exhibit an anti-angiogenic effect by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced capillary sprouting and formation by lowering the mean density of microvessels. Furthermore, the results of numerous studies highlight the anti-inflammatory role of Ashwagandha extract, as the action of this plant causes a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, withanolides, present in Ashwagandha root, have shown the ability to inhibit the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. Research results have also proved that W. somnifera demonstrates cardioprotective effects due to its antioxidant properties and reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis. It seems that this plant can be successfully used as a potential treatment for several conditions, mainly those with increased inflammation. More research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms by which the substances contained in W. somnifera extracts can act in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wiciński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.W.); (Z.K.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Anna Fajkiel-Madajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.W.); (Z.K.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Zuzanna Kurant
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.W.); (Z.K.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Sara Liss
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.W.); (Z.K.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Paweł Szyperski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.W.); (Z.K.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Monika Szambelan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.W.); (Z.K.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Bartłomiej Gromadzki
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.W.); (Z.K.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Iga Rupniak
- Department of Neonatology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.R.); (I.S.-K.)
| | - Maciej Słupski
- Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Iwona Sadowska-Krawczenko
- Department of Neonatology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.R.); (I.S.-K.)
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20
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Go MY, Kim J, Jeon CY, Shin DW. Functional Activities and Mechanisms of Aronia melanocarpa in Our Health. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8071-8087. [PMID: 39194694 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Aronia melanocarpa, known as black chokeberry, is rich in polyphenols, comprising flavonoids, such as anthocyanins, flavanols, and flavonols, and phenolic acids, such as chlorogenic acid. These polyphenols endow Aronia melanocarpa with preventive and therapeutic properties against various human diseases. Aronia melanocarpa has beneficial effects against diseases such as diabetes, inflammation, and hypertension. Considering the diverse functional components of Aronia melanocarpa, its efficacy in disease prevention and treatment can operate through multiple pathways, offering a more robust approach to disease control. This review covers the latest research results on the functional components of Aronia melanocarpa and their effects on human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Go
- Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsick Kim
- Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Jeon
- Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
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21
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Wang F, Yan Y, Wang D, Fan Q, Yi F, Yang X, Lu J. Effects of Metformin on CIMT and FMD in PCOS patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:426. [PMID: 39061005 PMCID: PMC11282760 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to analyze the efficacy of metformin on carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS A literature search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to December 2023 was conducted. Then, after studies selection and data extraction, the mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate metformin efficacy in CIMT and FMD for PCOS patients. Heterogeneity was investigated through subgroup and sensitivity analysis. The protocol of our study has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024497239). RESULTS A total of 12 studies with 248 patients were included. CIMT was lower in the endpoint group (after metformin) compared with the baseline group (before metformin) (MD = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.21 to -0.01, p = 0.04). FMD was higher in the endpoint group compared with the baseline group (MD = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.85 to 4.66, p < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was observed in nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) between the two groups (MD = 0.65, p = 0.51). Subgroup analysis showed that a relatively lower MD of CIMT in PCOS patients from Europe in the endpoint group compared with the baseline group (MD = -0.09, 95% CI = -0.14 to -0.04, p < 0.001). However, the MD in CIMT was not significantly different between the endpoint group and baseline group in PCOS patients from Asia (p = 0.270). CONCLUSION Metformin may have a beneficial effect on CIMT and FMD, but not on NMD, suggesting that metformin may help reduce cardiovascular events in PCOS patients. Notably, the clinical efficacy of metformin can be influenced by regional differences and study types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Department, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yici Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongying Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingnan Fan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangyu Yi
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Department, Changxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.861, Mingzhu Road, Changxing, Huzhou, 313100, Zhejiang, China.
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22
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Aron A, Landrum EJ, Schneider AD, Via M, Evans L, Rawson ES. Effects of acute creatine supplementation on cardiac and vascular responses in older men; a randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:557-563. [PMID: 39047868 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the recent years creatine has been shown promising results in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, myopathies and dystrophies. Cardiovascular diseases could be another pathology that can benefit from creatine supplementation, considering the influence on the risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases including reduction in chronic inflammation, and improved control of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of short-term creatine supplementation on cardiac and vascular health in older adults. METHODS Males between the ages of 55-80 were randomly assigned to three groups: creatine, placebo and control. Creatine or placebo was provided for 7-day supplementation, at a dose of 20 g/day. Testing was performed at the same time of the day at baseline and on the eighth day. Vascular responses were assessed using an arterial pulse wave velocity equipment, while cardiac assessment was performed using an impedance cardiography device. RESULTS The placebo group was older (71.1 ± 8.2 yr) compared to creatine (61.4 ± 5.2 yr) and control (62.5 ± 7.1 yr). Cardio-ankle vascular index improved just in the creatine group (8.7 ± 0.5 to 8.2 ± 0.5, p = 0.03). While the upstroke time of the placebo and control groups did not change after 7 days, the creatine group had a nonsignificant reduction, 178.9 ± 26.5 ms to 158.4 ± 28.6 ms, p = 0.07. Similar tendency was seen with the systolic blood pressures, while the placebo and control did not change, the creatine group showed nonsignificant improvement, especially on the right, 144.0 ± 12.7 mmHg to 136.1 ± 13.4 mmHg, p = 0.08. All three groups had similar responses in stroke volume (p = 0.61), contractility index (p = 0.64) and ejection fraction (p = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS In older adults, acute creatine supplementation can positively affect vascular parameters of arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis. Creatine supplementation has the potential to serve as a potent adjuvant in the management of CVD for older adults. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov; ID: NCT05329480.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Aron
- Department of Physical Therapy, Waldron College of Health and Human Services, Radford University, Radford, VA, USA.
| | - Eryn J Landrum
- Department of Physical Therapy, Waldron College of Health and Human Services, Radford University, Radford, VA, USA
| | - Adam D Schneider
- Department of Physical Therapy, Waldron College of Health and Human Services, Radford University, Radford, VA, USA
| | - Megan Via
- Department of Physical Therapy, Waldron College of Health and Human Services, Radford University, Radford, VA, USA
| | - Logan Evans
- Department of Physical Therapy, Waldron College of Health and Human Services, Radford University, Radford, VA, USA
| | - Eric S Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA, USA
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23
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Luo Y, Zhang Z, Zheng W, Zeng Z, Fan L, Zhao Y, Huang Y, Cao S, Yu S, Shen L. Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Extracts in Protecting Aging Blood Vessels. Nutrients 2024; 16:2357. [PMID: 39064801 PMCID: PMC11279783 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant Extracts (PE) are natural substances extracted from plants, rich in various bioactive components. Exploring the molecular mechanisms and interactions involved in the vascular protective effects of PE is beneficial for the development of further strategies to protect aging blood vessels. For this review, the content was obtained from scientific databases such as PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Google Scholar up to July 2024, using the search terms "Plant extracts", "oxidative stress", "vascular aging", "endothelial dysfunction", "ROS", and "inflammation". This review highlighted the effects of PE in protecting aging blood vessels. Through pathways such as scavenging reactive oxygen species, activating antioxidant signaling pathways, enhancing respiratory chain complex activity, inhibiting mitochondrial-reactive oxygen species generation, improving nitric oxide bioavailability, downregulating the secretion of inflammatory factors, and activating sirtuins 1 and Nrf2 signaling pathways, it can improve vascular structural and functional changes caused by age-related oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation due to aging, thereby reducing the incidence of age-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Teaching Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Zeru Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Teaching Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Weijian Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Teaching Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Zhi Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Teaching Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Lei Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Teaching Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuquan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Teaching Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yixin Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Teaching Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Suizhong Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Teaching Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shumin Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Teaching Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Liuhong Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Teaching Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (S.C.); (S.Y.)
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24
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Mohamed AI, Erukainure OL, Salau VF, Islam MS. Impact of coffee and its bioactive compounds on the risks of type 2 diabetes and its complications: A comprehensive review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:103075. [PMID: 39067326 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffee beans have a long history of use as traditional medicine by various indigenous people. Recent focus has been given to the health benefits of coffee beans and its bioactive compounds. Research on the bioactivities, applications, and effects of processing methods on coffee beans' phytochemical composition and activities has been conducted extensively. The current review attempts to provide an update on the biological effects of coffee on type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its comorbidities. METHODS Comprehensive literature search was carried out on peer-reviewed published data on biological activities of coffee on in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological research results published from January 2015 to December 2022, using online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect for our searches. RESULTS The main findings were: firstly, coffee may contribute to the prevention of oxidative stress and T2D-related illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, obesity, and metabolic syndrome; secondly, consuming up to 400 mg/day (1-4 cups per day) of coffee is associated with lower risks of T2D; thirdly, caffeine consumed between 0.5 and 4 h before a meal may inhibit acute metabolic rate; and finally, both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee are associated with reducing the risks of T2D. CONCLUSION Available evidence indicates that long-term consumption of coffee is associated with decreased risk of T2D and its complications as well as decreased body weight. This has been attributed to the consumption of coffee with the abundance of bioactive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almahi I Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Młynarska E, Biskup L, Możdżan M, Grygorcewicz O, Możdżan Z, Semeradt J, Uramowski M, Rysz J, Franczyk B. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Hypertension: The Insight into Antihypertensive Properties of Vitamins A, C and E. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:848. [PMID: 39061916 PMCID: PMC11273425 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension stands as a pervasive global health challenge, contributing significantly to mortality rates worldwide. Various factors, including lifestyle choices and dietary habits, contribute to the development of hypertension. In recent years, oxidative stress has garnered significant attention as a factor influencing hypertension risk, prompting a shift in research focus towards exploring it as a potential target for prevention and treatment. Antioxidants found in our diet, such as vitamins C, E and carotenoids exhibit the ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating oxidative stress. In addition, Vitamin A has an antioxidant effect despite not being an antioxidant itself. Consequently, supplementation or increased intake of these antioxidants has been hypothesized to potentially lower blood pressure levels and aid in the management of hypertension, thereby potentially prolonging life expectancy. Research findings regarding this effect have been diverse. This paper examines the existing literature demonstrating favorable outcomes associated with antioxidant supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Laura Biskup
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Możdżan
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Olivia Grygorcewicz
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Zofia Możdżan
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jan Semeradt
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Uramowski
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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26
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Sultan AA, Karthikeyan S, Grigorian A, Kennedy KG, Mio M, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. Cerebral blood flow in relation to peripheral endothelial function in youth bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 135:111087. [PMID: 39004332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anomalous cerebral blood flow (CBF) is evident in bipolar disorder (BD), however the extent to which CBF reflects peripheral vascular function in BD is unknown. This study investigated endothelial function, an index of early atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk, in relation to CBF among youth with BD. METHODS Participants included 113 youth, 13-20 years old (66 BD; 47 healthy controls [HC]). CBF was measured using arterial spin labeling with 3T MRI. Region of interest analyses (ROI; global grey matter, middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, temporal cortex, caudate) were undertaken alongside voxel-wise analyses. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI), a measure of endothelial function, was assessed non-invasively via pulse amplitude tonometry. General linear models were used to examine RHI and RHI-by-diagnosis associations with CBF, controlling for age, sex, and body mass index. Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was used for ROI analyses, such that the significance level was divided by the number of ROIs (α = 0.05/5 = 0.01). Cluster-extent thresholding was used to correct for multiple comparisons for voxel-wise analyses. RESULTS ROI findings were not significant after correction. Voxel-wise analyses found that higher RHI was associated with lower left thalamus CBF in the whole group (p < 0.001). Additionally, significant RHI-by-diagnosis associations with CBF were found in three clusters: left intracalcarine cortex (p < 0.001), left thalamus (p < 0.001), and right frontal pole (p = 0.006). Post-hoc analyses showed that in each cluster, higher RHI was associated with lower CBF in BD, but higher CBF in HC. CONCLUSION We found that RHI was differentially associated with CBF in youth with BD versus HC. The unanticipated association of higher RHI with lower CBF in BD could potentially reflect a compensatory mechanism. Future research, including prospective studies and experimental designs are warranted to build on the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha A Sultan
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sudhir Karthikeyan
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anahit Grigorian
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kody G Kennedy
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Mio
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Physical Sciences, Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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27
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Dou B, Zhu Y, Sun M, Wang L, Tang Y, Tian S, Wang F. Mechanisms of Flavonoids and Their Derivatives in Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Oxidative Stress in Diabetes. Molecules 2024; 29:3265. [PMID: 39064844 PMCID: PMC11279171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic complications pose a significant threat to life and have a negative impact on quality of life in individuals with diabetes. Among the various factors contributing to the development of these complications, endothelial dysfunction plays a key role. The main mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction in diabetes is oxidative stress, which adversely affects the production and availability of nitric oxide (NO). Flavonoids, a group of phenolic compounds found in vegetables, fruits, and fungi, exhibit strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Several studies have provided evidence to suggest that flavonoids have a protective effect on diabetic complications. This review focuses on the imbalance between reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant system, as well as the changes in endothelial factors in diabetes. Furthermore, we summarize the protective mechanisms of flavonoids and their derivatives on endothelial dysfunction in diabetes by alleviating oxidative stress and modulating other signaling pathways. Although several studies underline the positive influence of flavonoids and their derivatives on endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress in diabetes, numerous aspects still require clarification, such as optimal consumption levels, bioavailability, and side effects. Consequently, further investigations are necessary to enhance our understanding of the therapeutic potential of flavonoids and their derivatives in the treatment of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Furong Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
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28
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Liu KT, Wang PW, Hsieh HY, Pan HC, Chin HJ, Lin CW, Huang YJ, Liao YC, Tsai YC, Liu SR, Su IC, Song YF, Yin GC, Wu KC, Chuang EY, Fan YJR, Yu J. Site-specific thrombus formation: advancements in photothrombosis-on-a-chip technology. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3422-3433. [PMID: 38860416 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00216d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Thrombosis, characterized by blood clot formation within vessels, poses a significant medical challenge. Despite extensive research, the development of effective thrombosis therapies is hindered by substantial costs, lengthy development times, and high failure rates in medication commercialization. Conventional pre-clinical models often oversimplify cardiovascular disease, leading to a disparity between experimental results and human physiological responses. In response, we have engineered a photothrombosis-on-a-chip system. This microfluidic model integrates human endothelium, human whole blood, and blood flow dynamics and employs the photothrombotic method. It enables precise, site-specific thrombus induction through controlled laser irradiation, effectively mimicking both normal and thrombotic physiological conditions on a single chip. Additionally, the system allows for the fine-tuning of thrombus occlusion levels via laser parameter adjustments, offering a flexible thrombus model with varying degrees of obstruction. Additionally, the formation and progression of thrombosis noted on the chip closely resemble the thrombotic conditions observed in mice in previous studies. In the experiments, we perfused recalcified whole blood with Rose Bengal into an endothelialized microchannel and initiated photothrombosis using green laser irradiation. Various imaging methods verified the model's ability to precisely control thrombus formation and occlusion levels. The effectiveness of clinical drugs, including heparin and rt-PA, was assessed, confirming the chip's potential in drug screening applications. In summary, the photothrombosis-on-a-chip system significantly advances human thrombosis modeling. Its precise control over thrombus formation, flexibility in the thrombus severity levels, and capability to simulate dual physiological states on a single platform make it an invaluable tool for targeted drug testing, furthering the development of organ-on-a-chip drug screening techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ting Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Pai-Wen Wang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yun Hsieh
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Medical Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chi Pan
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei 115021, Taiwan
| | - Hsian-Jean Chin
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei 115021, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Chieh Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Chun Tsai
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ru Liu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - I-Chang Su
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fang Song
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Gung-Chian Yin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chong Wu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jui Ray Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Amoakon JP, Mylavarapu G, Amin RS, Naren AP. Pulmonary Vascular Dysfunctions in Cystic Fibrosis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38501963 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00024.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by a deleterious mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Given that the CFTR protein is a chloride channel expressed on a variety of cells throughout the human body, mutations in this gene impact several organs, particularly the lungs. For this very reason, research regarding CF disease and CFTR function has historically focused on the lung airway epithelium. Nevertheless, it was discovered more than two decades ago that CFTR is also expressed and functional on endothelial cells. Despite the great strides that have been made in understanding the role of CFTR in the airway epithelium, the role of CFTR in the endothelium remains unclear. Considering that the airway epithelium and endothelium work in tandem to allow gas exchange, it becomes very crucial to understand how a defective CFTR protein can impact the pulmonary vasculature and overall lung function. Fortunately, more recent research has been dedicated to elucidating the role of CFTR in the endothelium. As a result, several vascular dysfunctions associated with CF disease have come to light. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on pulmonary vascular dysfunctions in CF and discuss applicable therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Amoakon
- Department of Systems Biology and Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Goutham Mylavarapu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Raouf S Amin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Department of Systems Biology and Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
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Barbu E, Mihaila A, Filippi A, Stoenescu A, Ciortan L, Butoi E, Beiu C, Popescu MN, Balanescu S. Stress, Hyperglycemia, and Insulin Resistance Correlate With Neutrophil Activity and Impact Acute Myocardial Infarction Outcomes. Cureus 2024; 16:e63731. [PMID: 39100008 PMCID: PMC11295428 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute insulin resistance (IR) and hyperglycemia are frequently observed during acute myocardial infarction (AMI), significantly influencing both immediate and long-term patient outcomes, irrespective of diabetic status. Neutrophilia and increased neutrophil activity, which are common in these scenarios, have been associated with poorer prognoses, as demonstrated in our recent findings. While it is well established that neutrophils and stress-induced hyperglycemia exacerbate inflammation and hinder recovery, the complex interplay between these factors and their combined impact on AMI prognosis remains inadequately understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of stress hyperglycemia and IR on AMI patients at the onset of the event and to elucidate the relationship between these metabolic disturbances and inflammatory markers, particularly neutrophils. Methods We conducted a longitudinal prospective study on 219 AMI patients at Elias Emergency Hospital in Bucharest, Romania, from April 2021 to September 2022. Patients were included within 24 hours of AMI with ST-segment elevation and excluded if they had acute infections or chronic inflammatory diseases. Blood samples were collected to study inflammatory biomarkers, including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), S100A8/A9, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and IL-6. Diabetic and pre-diabetic statuses were defined using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and medical history (ADA 2019 criteria). To assess glycemic parameters, we employed the glycemia ratio (GR) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, enabling a precise evaluation of stress hyperglycemia, acute IR, and their prognostic implications. Patients were stratified into groups based on GR calculations, categorized as under-average glycemia, normal glycemia, and stress hyperglycemia. Results The majority of patients in the stress hyperglycemia group exhibited an unfavorable prognosis. This group also demonstrated significantly elevated neutrophil counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR). The GR was significantly and positively correlated with inflammation markers, including neutrophil count (Pearson's R = 0.181, P = 0.008) and NLR (Pearson's R = 0.318, P < 0.001), but showed no significant correlation with other evaluated inflammatory markers. Conclusions Our findings suggest that poor outcomes in AMI patients may be associated with stress hyperglycemia, as indicated by GR. AcuteIR, quantified by GR and HOMA-IR, exhibits a strong correlation with neutrophil count and NLR within the first 24 hours of AMI onset. However, no significant correlation was observed with other inflammatory markers, such as IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-6, underscoring the specific interplay between IR and neutrophil activity in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Barbu
- Department of Cardiology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Andreea Mihaila
- Department of Inflammation, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology Nicolae Simionescu, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Alexandru Filippi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Andra Stoenescu
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Letitia Ciortan
- Department of Inflammation, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology Nicolae Simionescu, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Elena Butoi
- Department of Inflammation, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology Nicolae Simionescu, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Cristina Beiu
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Marius N Popescu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Serban Balanescu
- Department of Cardiology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
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31
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Meem SS, Proma AY, Bhuiyan MA, Dewan SMR. The pressing need for study on the effects of Mpox on the progression of vascular inflammation: A well-timed call. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2223. [PMID: 38946778 PMCID: PMC11211998 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This article explored the possibility that the Mpox virus (MPXV) may initiate or stimulate the consequences of vascular inflammation. In 1970, it was discovered that Macaca cynomolgus primates infected with MPXV also infected humans in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Discussion The study demonstrates that MPXV invades host cells via viral proteins and surface receptors, initiating the release of diverse inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, and so forth probably through endothelial dysfunction by reactive oxygen species production. In general, these mediators have been found to contribute to vascular inflammation and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque at a later stage, which may contribute to the onset of vascular inflammation. Conclusion The discussed association between vascular inflammation and Mpox has the potential to be an important finding in the field of vascular biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shahid Meem
- Department of Pharmacy, School of MedicineUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Amrin Yeasin Proma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of MedicineUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
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Liang M, Lyu ZS, Zhang YY, Tang SQ, Xing T, Chen YH, Wang Y, Jiang Q, Xu LP, Zhang XH, Huang XJ, Kong Y. Activation of PPARδ in bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells improves their hematopoiesis-supporting ability after myelosuppressive injury. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216937. [PMID: 38704134 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunctional bone marrow (BM) endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) with high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for defective hematopoiesis in poor graft function (PGF) patients with acute leukemia or myelodysplastic neoplasms post-allotransplant. However, the underlying mechanism by which BM EPCs regulate their intracellular ROS levels and the capacity to support hematopoiesis have not been well clarified. Herein, we demonstrated decreased levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), a lipid-activated nuclear receptor, in BM EPCs of PGF patients compared with those with good graft function (GGF). In vitro assays further identified that PPARδ knockdown contributed to reduced and dysfunctional BM EPCs, characterized by the impaired ability to support hematopoiesis, which were restored by PPARδ overexpression. Moreover, GW501516, an agonist of PPARδ, repaired the damaged BM EPCs triggered by 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, activation of PPARδ by GW501516 benefited the damaged BM EPCs from PGF patients or acute leukemia patients in complete remission (CR) post-chemotherapy. Mechanistically, we found that increased expression of NADPH oxidases (NOXs), the main ROS-generating enzymes, may lead to elevated ROS level in BM EPCs, and insufficient PPARδ may trigger BM EPC damage via ROS/p53 pathway. Collectively, we found that defective PPARδ contributes to BM EPC dysfunction, whereas activation of PPARδ in BM EPCs improves their hematopoiesis-supporting ability after myelosuppressive therapy, which may provide a potential therapeutic target not only for patients with leukemia but also for those with other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Liang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Shi Lyu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shu-Qian Tang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Xing
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, China.
| | - Yuan Kong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Wang R, Tao W, Cheng X. Association of composite dietary antioxidant index with cardiovascular disease in adults: results from 2011 to 2020 NHANES. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1379871. [PMID: 39006166 PMCID: PMC11239507 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1379871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is a known pathogenic mechanism in cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the association between dietary antioxidants and CVD in the general population remains underexplored. This study leverages data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to investigate the association of a composite dietary antioxidant index with CVD in US adults. Methods Analyzing data from 25,997 adults (2011-2020 NHANES), we employed weighted generalized linear models, subgroup analysis, threshold effect analyses, and sensitivity analysis to assess the association between dietary antioxidants and CVD. Nonlinear associations were explored through a restricted cubic spline, with gender-specific stratification and threshold effect analysis to identify critical inflection points. Results Increasing levels of the composite dietary antioxidant index corresponded with decreased CVD prevalence (P < 0.001). In all models, weighted generalized linear models revealed a consistent negative association between CVD prevalence. And in Model 3, Quartile 4 had a 29% lower CVD prevalence than Quartile 1[0.71 (0.59, 0.85), P < 0.001]. Meanwhile, the findings of the unweighted logistic regression model demonstrated stability. Various characteristics such as sex, age, race, PIR, education, BMI, alcohol consumption, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes did not influence this inverse association (P for interaction >0.05). Notably a nonlinear association was observed, with a significant inflection point at 3.05 among women. Conclusion This study demonstrates a strong negative association between the composite dietary antioxidant index and CVD prevalence, suggesting the potential protective role of dietary antioxidants. These findings underscore the need for prospective studies to further understand the impact of oxidative stress on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaobing Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Gariballa N, Mohamed F, Badawi S, Ali BR. The double whammy of ER-retention and dominant-negative effects in numerous autosomal dominant diseases: significance in disease mechanisms and therapy. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:64. [PMID: 38937821 PMCID: PMC11210014 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) employs stringent quality control mechanisms to ensure the integrity of protein folding, allowing only properly folded, processed and assembled proteins to exit the ER and reach their functional destinations. Mutant proteins unable to attain their correct tertiary conformation or form complexes with their partners are retained in the ER and subsequently degraded through ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and associated mechanisms. ER retention contributes to a spectrum of monogenic diseases with diverse modes of inheritance and molecular mechanisms. In autosomal dominant diseases, when mutant proteins get retained in the ER, they can interact with their wild-type counterparts. This interaction may lead to the formation of mixed dimers or aberrant complexes, disrupting their normal trafficking and function in a dominant-negative manner. The combination of ER retention and dominant-negative effects has been frequently documented to cause a significant loss of functional proteins, thereby exacerbating disease severity. This review aims to examine existing literature and provide insights into the impact of dominant-negative effects exerted by mutant proteins retained in the ER in a range of autosomal dominant diseases including skeletal and connective tissue disorders, vascular disorders, neurological disorders, eye disorders and serpinopathies. Most crucially, we aim to emphasize the importance of this area of research, offering substantial potential for understanding the factors influencing phenotypic variability associated with genetic variants. Furthermore, we highlight current and prospective therapeutic approaches targeted at ameliorating the effects of mutations exhibiting dominant-negative effects. These approaches encompass experimental studies exploring treatments and their translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Gariballa
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Feda Mohamed
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sally Badawi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Zununi Vahed S, Zuluaga Tamayo M, Rodriguez-Ruiz V, Thibaudeau O, Aboulhassanzadeh S, Abdolalizadeh J, Meddahi-Pellé A, Gueguen V, Barzegari A, Pavon-Djavid G. Functional Mechanisms of Dietary Crocin Protection in Cardiovascular Models under Oxidative Stress. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:840. [PMID: 39065537 PMCID: PMC11280316 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It was previously reported that crocin, a water-soluble carotenoid isolated from the Crocus sativus L. (saffron), has protective effects on cardiac cells and may neutralize and even prevent the formation of excess number of free radicals; however, functional mechanisms of crocin activity have been poorly understood. In the present research, we aimed to study the functional mechanism of crocin in the heart exposed to oxidative stress. Accordingly, oxidative stress was modeled in vitro on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in vivo in mice using cellular stressors. The beneficial effects of crocin were investigated at cellular and molecular levels in HUVECs and mice hearts. Results indicated that oral administration of crocin could have protective effects on HUVECs. In addition, it protects cardiac cells and significantly inhibits inflammation via modulating molecular signaling pathways TLR4/PTEN/AKT/mTOR/NF-κB and microRNA (miR-21). Here we show that crocin not only acts as a direct free radical scavenger but also modifies the gene expression profiles of HUVECs and protects mice hearts with anti-inflammatory action under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Zununi Vahed
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (S.Z.V.); (S.A.)
| | - Marisol Zuluaga Tamayo
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Nanotechnologies for Vascular Medicine and Imaging, 99 Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France (A.M.-P.); (V.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Violeta Rodriguez-Ruiz
- ERRMECe Laboratory, Biomaterials for Health Group, University of Cergy Pontoise, Maison Internationale de la Recherche, I MAT, 1 rue Descartes, 95031 Neuville sur Oise, France;
| | - Olivier Thibaudeau
- Plateau de Morphologie INSERM UMR 1152 Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris Cité, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, 46 rue H. Huchard, 75018 Paris, France;
| | - Sobhan Aboulhassanzadeh
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (S.Z.V.); (S.A.)
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran;
| | - Anne Meddahi-Pellé
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Nanotechnologies for Vascular Medicine and Imaging, 99 Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France (A.M.-P.); (V.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Nanotechnologies for Vascular Medicine and Imaging, 99 Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France (A.M.-P.); (V.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Nanotechnologies for Vascular Medicine and Imaging, 99 Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France (A.M.-P.); (V.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Nanotechnologies for Vascular Medicine and Imaging, 99 Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France (A.M.-P.); (V.G.); (A.B.)
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Mendes L, Queiroz M, Sena CM. Melatonin and Vascular Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:747. [PMID: 38929187 PMCID: PMC11200504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The indolamine hormone melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytrypamine, is frequently associated with circadian rhythm regulation. Light can suppress melatonin secretion, and photoperiod regulates melatonin levels by promoting its production and secretion at night in response to darkness. This hormone is becoming more and more understood for its functions as an immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant hormone. Melatonin may have a major effect on several diabetes-related disturbances, such as hormonal imbalances, oxidative stress, sleep disturbances, and mood disorders, according to recent research. This has raised interest in investigating the possible therapeutic advantages of melatonin in the treatment of diabetic complications. In addition, several studies have described that melatonin has been linked to the development of diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, immune system disorders, and heart diseases. In this review, we will highlight some of the functions of melatonin regarding vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina M. Sena
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Yang Y, Liu J, Shi Q, Guo B, Jia H, Yang Y, Fu S. Roles of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Kidney Disease: New Perspectives from Mechanism to Therapy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:733. [PMID: 38927136 PMCID: PMC11201432 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and the main cause of end-stage renal disease around the world. Mitochondria are the main organelles responsible for producing energy in cells and are closely involved in maintaining normal organ function. Studies have found that a high-sugar environment can damage glomeruli and tubules and trigger mitochondrial dysfunction. Meanwhile, animal experiments have shown that DKD symptoms are alleviated when mitochondrial damage is targeted, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is inextricably linked to the development of DKD. This article describes the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and the progression and onset of DKD. The relationship between DKD and mitochondrial dysfunction is discussed. At the same time, the progress of DKD treatment targeting mitochondrial dysfunction is summarized. We hope to provide new insights into the progress and treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiling Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Buyu Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hanbing Jia
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Songbo Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Endocrine Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Graton ME, Spaans F, He R, Chatterjee P, Kirschenman R, Quon A, Phillips TJ, Case CP, Davidge ST. Sex-specific differences in the mechanisms for enhanced thromboxane A 2-mediated vasoconstriction in adult offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:52. [PMID: 38898532 PMCID: PMC11188502 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal hypoxia, a common pregnancy complication, leads to impaired cardiovascular outcomes in the adult offspring. It results in impaired vasodilation in coronary and mesenteric arteries of the adult offspring, due to reduced nitric oxide (NO). Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) is a potent vasoconstrictor increased in cardiovascular diseases, but its role in the impact of prenatal hypoxia is unknown. To prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease by prenatal hypoxia, we have tested a maternal treatment using a nanoparticle-encapsulated mitochondrial antioxidant (nMitoQ). We hypothesized that prenatal hypoxia enhances vascular TxA2 responses in the adult offspring, due to decreased NO modulation, and that this might be prevented by maternal nMitoQ treatment. METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received a single intravenous injection (100 µL) of vehicle (saline) or nMitoQ (125 µmol/L) on gestational day (GD)15 and were exposed to normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (11% O2) from GD15 to GD21 (term = 22 days). Coronary and mesenteric arteries were isolated from the 4-month-old female and male offspring, and vasoconstriction responses to U46619 (TxA2 analog) were evaluated using wire myography. In mesenteric arteries, L-NAME (pan-NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor) was used to assess NO modulation. Mesenteric artery endothelial (e)NOS, and TxA2 receptor expression, superoxide, and 3-nitrotyrosine levels were assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Prenatal hypoxia resulted in increased U46619 responsiveness in coronary and mesenteric arteries of the female offspring, and to a lesser extent in the male offspring, which was prevented by nMitoQ. In females, there was a reduced impact of L-NAME in mesenteric arteries of the prenatal hypoxia saline-treated females, and reduced 3-nitrotyrosine levels. In males, L-NAME increased U46619 responses in mesenteric artery to a similar extent, but TxA2 receptor expression was increased by prenatal hypoxia. There were no changes in eNOS or superoxide levels. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal hypoxia increased TxA2 vasoconstrictor capacity in the adult offspring in a sex-specific manner, via reduced NO modulation in females and increased TP expression in males. Maternal placental antioxidant treatment prevented the impact of prenatal hypoxia. These findings increase our understanding of how complicated pregnancies can lead to a sex difference in the programming of cardiovascular disease in the adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo E Graton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Rose He
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Paulami Chatterjee
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Anita Quon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Tom J Phillips
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - C Patrick Case
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
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Sun WD, Zhu XJ, Li JJ, Mei YZ, Li WS, Li JH. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT): a novel therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1410479. [PMID: 38919254 PMCID: PMC11196770 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1410479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a constellation of metabolic abnormalities, typified by obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. It stems from intricate dysregulations in metabolic pathways governing energy and substrate metabolism. While comprehending the precise etiological mechanisms of MetS remains challenging, evidence underscores the pivotal roles of aberrations in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance (IR) in its pathogenesis. Notably, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has recently surfaced as a promising therapeutic target for addressing MetS. Single nucleotide variants in the NNMT gene are significantly correlated with disturbances in energy metabolism, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Elevated NNMT gene expression is notably observed in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) of individuals with diabetic mice, obesity, and rats afflicted with MetS. Knockdown of NNMT elicits heightened energy expenditure in adipose and hepatic tissues, mitigates lipid accumulation, and enhances insulin sensitivity. NNMT catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) using S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) as the donor methyl group, resulting in the formation of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH) and methylnicotinamide (MNAM). This enzymatic process results in the depletion of NAM, a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and the generation of SAH, a precursor of homocysteine (Hcy). Consequently, this cascade leads to reduced NAD+ levels and elevated Hcy levels, implicating NNMT in the pathogenesis of MetS. Moreover, experimental studies employing RNA interference (RNAi) strategies and small molecule inhibitors targeting NNMT have underscored its potential as a therapeutic target for preventing or treating MetS-related diseases. Nonetheless, the precise mechanistic underpinnings remain elusive, and as of yet, clinical trials focusing on NNMT have not been documented. Therefore, further investigations are warranted to elucidate the intricate roles of NNMT in MetS and to develop targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiang-Hua Li
- Key Lab of Aquatic Training Monitoring and Intervention of General Administration of Sport of China, Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Rodríguez-Soto MA, Riveros-Cortés A, Orjuela-Garzón IC, Fernández-Calderón IM, Rodríguez CF, Vargas NS, Ostos C, Camargo CM, Cruz JC, Kim S, D’Amore A, Wagner WR, Briceño JC. Redefining vascular repair: revealing cellular responses on PEUU-gelatin electrospun vascular grafts for endothelialization and immune responses on in vitro models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1410863. [PMID: 38903186 PMCID: PMC11188488 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1410863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) poised for regenerative applications are central to effective vascular repair, with their efficacy being significantly influenced by scaffold architecture and the strategic distribution of bioactive molecules either embedded within the scaffold or elicited from responsive tissues. Despite substantial advancements over recent decades, a thorough understanding of the critical cellular dynamics for clinical success remains to be fully elucidated. Graft failure, often ascribed to thrombogenesis, intimal hyperplasia, or calcification, is predominantly linked to improperly modulated inflammatory reactions. The orchestrated behavior of repopulating cells is crucial for both initial endothelialization and the subsequent differentiation of vascular wall stem cells into functional phenotypes. This necessitates the TEVG to provide an optimal milieu wherein immune cells can promote early angiogenesis and cell recruitment, all while averting persistent inflammation. In this study, we present an innovative TEVG designed to enhance cellular responses by integrating a physicochemical gradient through a multilayered structure utilizing synthetic (poly (ester urethane urea), PEUU) and natural polymers (Gelatin B), thereby modulating inflammatory reactions. The luminal surface is functionalized with a four-arm polyethylene glycol (P4A) to mitigate thrombogenesis, while the incorporation of adhesive peptides (RGD/SV) fosters the adhesion and maturation of functional endothelial cells. The resultant multilayered TEVG, with a diameter of 3.0 cm and a length of 11 cm, exhibits differential porosity along its layers and mechanical properties commensurate with those of native porcine carotid arteries. Analyses indicate high biocompatibility and low thrombogenicity while enabling luminal endothelialization and functional phenotypic behavior, thus limiting inflammation in in-vitro models. The vascular wall demonstrated low immunogenicity with an initial acute inflammatory phase, transitioning towards a pro-regenerative M2 macrophage-predominant phase. These findings underscore the potential of the designed TEVG in inducing favorable immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative environments, thus holding promise for future clinical applications in vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Ostos
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Seungil Kim
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Antonio D’Amore
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - William R. Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Juan C. Briceño
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Surgery, Fundación CardioInfantil Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
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Liu X, Chen S, Luo W, Yu C, Yan S, Lei L, Qiu S, Lin X, Feng T, Shi J, Zhang Q, Liang H, Liu X, Lee APW, Zheng L, Zhang X, Xiu J. LncRNA MFRL regulates the phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells to attenuate arterial remodeling by encoding a novel micropeptide MFRLP. Transl Res 2024; 272:54-67. [PMID: 38838852 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial remodeling is a common pathophysiological change in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in which the phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) plays an important role. Recently, an increasing number of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) have been shown to encode micropeptides that play biological roles and have great clinical transformation potential. However, the role of micropeptides encoded by lncRNAs in arterial remodeling has not been well studied and requires further exploration. METHODS AND RESULTS Through bioinformatic analysis and experimental verification, we found that a new lncRNA, the mitochondrial function-related lncRNA (MFRL), encodes a 64-amino acid micropeptide, MFRLP. MFRL and MFRLP play important roles in the phenotypic switch of VSMC. Further experiments showed that MFRLP interacts with mitochondrial cytochrome b to reduce accumulation of reactive oxygen species, suppress mitophagy and inhibit the VSMC switch from contractile to synthetic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA MFRL encodes the micropeptide MFRLP, which interacts with mitochondrial cytochrome b to inhibit the VSMC switch from contractile to synthetic phenotype and improve arterial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Shaohua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Shifeng Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xinxin Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, PR China
| | - Ting Feng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jinglin Shi
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xuewei Liu
- Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan 523059, PR China
| | - Alex Pui-Wai Lee
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, PR China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xinlu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Jiancheng Xiu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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Le A, Peng H, Golinsky D, Di Scipio M, Lali R, Paré G. What Causes Premature Coronary Artery Disease? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:189-203. [PMID: 38573470 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of genetic and non-genetic causes of premature coronary artery disease (pCAD). RECENT FINDINGS pCAD refers to coronary artery disease (CAD) occurring before the age of 65 years in women and 55 years in men. Both genetic and non-genetic risk factors may contribute to the onset of pCAD. Recent advances in the genetic epidemiology of pCAD have revealed the importance of both monogenic and polygenic contributions to pCAD. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common monogenic disorder associated with atherosclerotic pCAD. However, clinical overreliance on monogenic genes can result in overlooked genetic causes of pCAD, especially polygenic contributions. Non-genetic factors, notably smoking and drug use, are also important contributors to pCAD. Cigarette smoking has been observed in 25.5% of pCAD patients relative to 12.2% of non-pCAD patients. Finally, myocardial infarction (MI) associated with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) may result in similar clinical presentations as atherosclerotic pCAD. Recognizing the genetic and non-genetic causes underlying pCAD is important for appropriate prevention and treatment. Despite recent progress, pCAD remains incompletely understood, highlighting the need for both awareness and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Le
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Helen Peng
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Danielle Golinsky
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Matteo Di Scipio
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Ricky Lali
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8L 4K1, Canada.
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Mohamadizadeh M, Dehghan P, Azizi-Soleiman F, Maleki P. Effectiveness of date seed on glycemia and advanced glycation end-products in type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:37. [PMID: 38824123 PMCID: PMC11144252 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic medical condition affecting more than 95% of people with diabetes. Traditionally, some medicinal plants have been considered as an effective approach in management of T2DM. This trial evaluated the effects of date seed powder (DSP) on glycemia indices and oxidative stress in T2DM patients. METHODS In this trail, 43 patients with T2DM were randomized to two groups: either 5 g/d of the DSP or placebo for 8 weeks. Levels of glycemic indices, lipolpolysaccharide (LPS), and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (s-RAGE), as well as other parameters associated with oxidative stress were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks. Independent t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used for between-groups comparisons at baseline and the post-intervention phase, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that supplementation with DSP significantly decreased HbA1c (-0.30 ± 0.48%), insulin (-1.70 ± 2.21 μU/ml), HOMA-IR (-1.05 ± 0.21), HOMA-B (-0.76 ± 21.21), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (-3.68 ± 6.05 EU/mL), and pentosidine (118.99 ± 21.67 pg/mL) (P < 0.05, ANCOVA adjusted for baseline and confounding factors). On the other hand, DSP supplementation significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (0.50 ± 0.26 mmol/L), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (0.69 ± 0.32 U/ml), and s-RAGE (240.13 ± 54.25 pg/mL) compared to the placebo group. FPG, hs-CRP, GPx, CML, and uric acid had no significant within- or between-group changes. CONCLUSION Supplementation of DSP could be considered an effective strategy to improve glycemic control and oxidative stress in T2DM patients (Registration ID at www.irct.ir : IRCT20150205020965N10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mohamadizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Azizi-Soleiman
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Parham Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Jalili F, Moradi S, Talebi S, Mehrabani S, Ghoreishy SM, Wong A, Jalalvand AR, Kermani MAH, Jalili C, Jalili F. The effects of citrus flavonoids supplementation on endothelial function: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2847-2859. [PMID: 38561995 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The present systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize existing data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) concerning the impact of citrus flavonoids supplementation (CFS) on endothelial function. Relevant RCTs were identified through comprehensive searches of the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to May 30, 2023. Weighted mean differences and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled utilizing a random-effects model. A total of eight eligible RCTs, comprising 596 participants, were included in the analysis. The pooled data demonstrated a statistically significant augmentation in flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) (2.75%; 95% CI: 1.29, 4.20; I2 = 87.3%; p < 0.001) associated with CFS compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, the linear dose-response analysis indicated that each increment of 200 mg/d in CFS led to an increase of 1.09% in FMD (95% CI: 0.70, 1.48; I2 = 94.5%; p < 0.001). The findings from the nonlinear dose-response analysis also revealed a linear relationship between CFS and FMD (Pnon-linearity = 0.903, Pdose-response <0.001). Our findings suggest that CFS enhances endothelial function. However, more extensive RTCs encompassing longer intervention durations and different populations are warranted to establish more precise conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Jalili
- University of Adelaide Faculty of Medicine, Adelide, Australia
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, School of Health Sciences, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Ali R Jalalvand
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faramarz Jalili
- School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Safdar R, Mishra A, Shah GM, Ashraf MZ. Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 modulations in the genesis of thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:743-753. [PMID: 38787496 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-024-02974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Thrombosis, a coagulation disorder, occurs due to altered levels of coagulation, fibrinolytic and immune factors, which are otherwise known to maintain hemostasis in normal physiological conditions. Here, we review the direct and indirect participation of a multifunctional nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) in the expression of key genes and cellular processes involved in thrombotic pathogenesis. PARP1 biological activities range from maintenance of genomic integrity, chromatin remodeling, base excision DNA repair, stress responses to cell death, angiogenesis and cell cycle pathways. However, under homeostatic imbalances, PARP1 activities are linked with the pathogenesis of diseases, including cancer, aging, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Disease-associated distressed cells employ a variety of PARP-1 functions such as oxidative damage exacerbations, cellular energetics and apoptosis pathways, regulation of inflammatory mediators, promotion of endothelial dysfunction, and ERK-mediated signaling in pathogenesis. Thrombosis is one such pathogenesis that comprises exacerbation of coagulation cascade due to biochemical alterations in endothelial cells, platelet activation, overexpression of adhesion molecules, cytokines release, and leukocyte adherence. Thus, the activation of endothelial and inflammatory cells in thrombosis implicates a potential role of PARP1 activation in thrombogenesis. This review article explores the direct impact of PARP1 activation in the etiology of thrombosis and discusses PARP1-mediated endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and epigenetic regulations in the disease manifestation. Understanding PARP1 functions associated with thrombosis may elucidate novel pathogenetic mechanisms and help in better disease management through newer therapeutic interventions targeting PARP1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raishal Safdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Aastha Mishra
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Girish M Shah
- Neuroscience Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
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Huang S, Zhang W, Xuan S, Si H, Huang D, Ba M, Qi D, Pei X, Lu D, Li Z. Chronic sleep deprivation impairs retinal circadian transcriptome and visual function. Exp Eye Res 2024; 243:109907. [PMID: 38649019 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Sleep loss is common in modern society and is increasingly associated with eye diseases. However, the precise effects of sleep loss on retinal structure and function, particularly on the retinal circadian system, remain largely unexplored. This study investigates these effects using a chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) model in mice. Our investigation reveals that CSD significantly alters the retinal circadian transcriptome, leading to remarkable changes in the temporal patterns of enriched pathways. This perturbation extends to metabolic and immune-related transcriptomes, coupled with an accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the retina. Notably, CSD rhythmically affects the thickness of the ganglion cell complex, along with diurnal shifts in microglial migration and morphology within the retina. Most critically, we observe a marked decrease in both scotopic and photopic retinal function under CSD conditions. These findings underscore the broad impact of sleep deprivation on retinal health, highlighting its role in altering circadian gene expression, metabolism, immune response, and structural integrity. Our study provides new insights into the broader impact of sleep loss on retinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuting Xuan
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongli Si
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Duliurui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengru Ba
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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47
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Huang W, Zhang M, Qiu Q, Zhang J, Hua C, Chen G, Xie H. Metabolomics of human umbilical vein endothelial cell-based analysis of the relationship between hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1528-1537. [PMID: 38508990 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperuricemia frequently accompanies dyslipidemia, yet the precise mechanism remains elusive. Leveraging cellular metabolomics analyses, this research probes the potential mechanisms wherein hyperuricemia provokes endothelial cell abnormalities, inducing disordered bile metabolism and resultant lipid anomalies. METHODS AND RESULTS We aimed to identify the differential metabolite associated with lipid metabolism through adopting metabolomics approach, and thereafter adequately validating its protective function on HUVECs by using diverse assays to measure cellular viability, reactive oxygen species, migration potential, apoptosis and gene and protein levels of inflammatory factors. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) (the differential metabolite of HUVECs) and the TCDCA-involved primary bile acid synthesis pathway were found to be negatively correlated with high UA levels based on the results of metabolomics analysis. It was noted that compared to the outcomes observed in UA-treated HUVECs, TCDCA could protect against UA-induced cellular damage and oxidative stress, increase proliferation as well as migration, and decreases apoptosis. In addition, it was observed that TCDCA might protect HUVECs by inhibiting UA-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (p38MAPK/NF-κB p65) pathway gene and protein levels, as well as the levels of downstream inflammatory factors. CONCLUSION The pathogenesis of hyperuricemia accompanying dyslipidemia may involve high uric acid levels eliciting inflammatory reactions and cellular damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), mediated through the p38MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, subsequently impinging on cellular bile acid synthesis and reducing bile acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Tongren Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Tongren Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Qiu
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Tongren Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Tongren Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Hua
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Tongren Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Geliang Chen
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Tongren Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Tongren Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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48
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Rios FJ, de Ciuceis C, Georgiopoulos G, Lazaridis A, Nosalski R, Pavlidis G, Tual-Chalot S, Agabiti-Rosei C, Camargo LL, Dąbrowska E, Quarti-Trevano F, Hellmann M, Masi S, Lopreiato M, Mavraganis G, Mengozzi A, Montezano AC, Stavropoulos K, Winklewski PJ, Wolf J, Costantino S, Doumas M, Gkaliagkousi E, Grassi G, Guzik TJ, Ikonomidis I, Narkiewicz K, Paneni F, Rizzoni D, Stamatelopoulos K, Stellos K, Taddei S, Touyz RM, Virdis A. Mechanisms of Vascular Inflammation and Potential Therapeutic Targets: A Position Paper From the ESH Working Group on Small Arteries. Hypertension 2024; 81:1218-1232. [PMID: 38511317 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses in small vessels play an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, stroke, and small vessel disease. This involves various complex molecular processes including oxidative stress, inflammasome activation, immune-mediated responses, and protein misfolding, which together contribute to microvascular damage. In addition, epigenetic factors, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs influence vascular inflammation and injury. These phenomena may be acquired during the aging process or due to environmental factors. Activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways and molecular events induce low-grade and chronic inflammation with consequent cardiovascular damage. Identifying mechanism-specific targets might provide opportunities in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Monoclonal antibodies targeting inflammatory cytokines and epigenetic drugs, show promise in reducing microvascular inflammation and associated cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the complex mechanisms underlying microvascular inflammation and offer insights into innovative therapeutic strategies that may ameliorate vascular injury in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Rios
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (F.J.R., L.L.C., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Carolina de Ciuceis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia (C.d.C., C.A.-R., D.R.)
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- Angiology and Endothelial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School (G.G., G.M., K. Stamatelopoulos), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Antonios Lazaridis
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Greece (A.L., E.G.)
| | - Ryszard Nosalski
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences; Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.N., T.J.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (R.N., T.J.G.)
| | - George Pavlidis
- Medical School (G.P., I.I.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Preventive Cardiology Laboratory and Clinic of Cardiometabolic Diseases, 2-Cardiology Department, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.P., I.I.)
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom (S.T.-C., K. Stellos)
| | - Claudia Agabiti-Rosei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia (C.d.C., C.A.-R., D.R.)
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (F.J.R., L.L.C., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Edyta Dąbrowska
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Center of Translational Medicine (E.D., J.W., K.N.) and M.D.)
| | - Fosca Quarti-Trevano
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (F.Q.-T., G.G.)
| | - Marcin Hellmann
- Cardiac Diagnostics (M.H.), Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stefano Masi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (S.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (S.M., M.L., A.M., S.T., A.V.)
| | - Mariarosaria Lopreiato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (S.M., M.L., A.M., S.T., A.V.)
| | - Georgios Mavraganis
- Angiology and Endothelial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School (G.G., G.M., K. Stamatelopoulos), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Alessandro Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (S.M., M.L., A.M., S.T., A.V.)
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (A.M., F.P.)
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa (A.M.)
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (F.J.R., L.L.C., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Stavropoulos
- Second Medical Department, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (K. Stavropoulos)
| | - Pawel J Winklewski
- Departments of Human Physiology (P.J.W.), Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Wolf
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Center of Translational Medicine (E.D., J.W., K.N.) and M.D.)
| | - Sarah Costantino
- University Heart Center (S.C., F.P.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Doumas
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Center of Translational Medicine (E.D., J.W., K.N.) and M.D.)
| | - Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Greece (A.L., E.G.)
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (F.Q.-T., G.G.)
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences; Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.N., T.J.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (R.N., T.J.G.)
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- Medical School (G.P., I.I.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Preventive Cardiology Laboratory and Clinic of Cardiometabolic Diseases, 2-Cardiology Department, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.P., I.I.)
| | - Krzysztof Narkiewicz
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Center of Translational Medicine (E.D., J.W., K.N.) and M.D.)
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (A.M., F.P.)
- University Heart Center (S.C., F.P.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education (F.P.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia (C.d.C., C.A.-R., D.R.)
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy (D.R.)
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Angiology and Endothelial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School (G.G., G.M., K. Stamatelopoulos), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom (S.T.-C., K. Stellos)
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim (K. Stellos), Heidelberg University, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Mannheim (K. Stellos), Heidelberg University, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Heidelberg/Mannheim Partner Site (K. Stellos)
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (S.M., M.L., A.M., S.T., A.V.)
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (F.J.R., L.L.C., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (S.M., M.L., A.M., S.T., A.V.)
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49
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Cieślik M, Strobel SD, Bryniarski P, Twardowska H, Chmielowski A, Rudek M, Felkle D, Zięba K, Kaleta K, Jarczyński M, Nowak B, Bryniarski K, Nazimek K. Hypotensive drugs mitigate the high-sodium diet-induced pro-inflammatory activation of mouse macrophages in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116648. [PMID: 38677242 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increasing emphasis on the need to alleviate the chronic inflammatory response to effectively treat hypertension. However, there are still gaps in our understanding on how to achieve this. Therefore, research on interaction of antihypertensive drugs with the immune system is extremely interesting, since their therapeutic effect could partly result from amelioration of hypertension-related inflammation, in which macrophages seem to play a pivotal role. Thus, current comprehensive studies have investigated the impact of repeatedly administered hypotensive drugs (captopril, olmesartan, propranolol, carvedilol, amlodipine, verapamil) on macrophage functions in the innate and adaptive immunity, as well as if drug-induced effects are affected by a high-sodium diet (HSD), one of the key environmental risk factors of hypertension. Although the assayed medications increased the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates by macrophages from standard fed donors, they reversed HSD-induced enhancing effects on macrophage oxidative burst and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, some drugs increased macrophage phagocytic activity and the expression of surface markers involved in antigen presentation, which translated into enhanced macrophage ability to activate B cells for antibody production. Moreover, the assayed medications augmented macrophage function and the effector phase of contact hypersensitivity reaction, but suppressed the sensitization phase of cell-mediated hypersensitivity under HSD conditions. Our current findings contribute to the recognition of mechanisms, by which excessive sodium intake affects macrophage immune activity in hypertensive individuals, and provide evidence that the assayed medications mitigate most of the HSD-induced adverse effects, suggesting their additional protective therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Cieślik
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., Krakow 31-121, Poland
| | - Spencer D Strobel
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., Krakow 31-121, Poland
| | - Paweł Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., Krakow 31-121, Poland
| | - Hanna Twardowska
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., Krakow 31-121, Poland
| | - Adam Chmielowski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., Krakow 31-121, Poland
| | - Michał Rudek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., Krakow 31-121, Poland
| | - Dominik Felkle
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., Krakow 31-121, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zięba
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., Krakow 31-121, Poland
| | - Konrad Kaleta
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., Krakow 31-121, Poland
| | - Mateusz Jarczyński
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., Krakow 31-121, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., Krakow 31-121, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., Krakow 31-121, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., Krakow 31-121, Poland.
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50
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Rhee M, Lee J, Lee EY, Yoon KH, Lee SH. Lipid Variability Induces Endothelial Dysfunction by Increasing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:511-520. [PMID: 38752267 PMCID: PMC11220216 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND This study investigates the impact of fluctuating lipid levels on endothelial dysfunction. METHODS Human aortic and umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured under varying palmitic acid (PA) concentrations: 0, 50, and 100 μM, and in a variability group alternating between 0 and 100 μM PA every 8 hours for 48 hours. In the lipid variability group, cells were exposed to 100 μM PA during the final 8 hours before analysis. We assessed inflammation using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels with dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay; mitochondrial function through oxygen consumption rates via XF24 flux analyzer; and endothelial cell functionality via wound healing and cell adhesion assays. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. RESULTS Variable PA levels significantly upregulated inflammatory genes and adhesion molecules (Il6, Mcp1, Icam, Vcam, E-selectin, iNos) at both transcriptomic and protein levels in human endothelial cells. Oscillating lipid levels reduced basal respiration, adenosine triphosphate synthesis, and maximal respiration, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. This lipid variability also elevated ROS levels, contributing to a chronic inflammatory state. Functionally, these changes impaired cell migration and increased monocyte adhesion, and induced endothelial apoptosis, evidenced by reduced cell viability, increased BAX, and decreased BCL2 expression. CONCLUSION Lipid variability induce endothelial dysfunction by elevating inflammation and oxidative stress, providing mechanistic insights into how lipid variability increases cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonyub Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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