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Lin Y, Lai D, Wang D, Zhou F, Tan BK, Zhang Z, Hu J, Lin S. Application of curcumin-mediated antibacterial photodynamic technology for preservation of fresh Tremella Fuciformis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhou J, Ge W, Zhang X, Wu J, Chen Q, Ma D, Chai C. Effects of spent mushroom substrate on the dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127462. [PMID: 32590177 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is an agricultural waste with a high potential for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) removal in aged contaminated soils. In this study, fresh and air-dried Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, and Auricularia auricular SMSs were used to remove PAHs in agricultural soil under 60-day incubation. The potential of SMS in PAH dissipation was studied by detecting the dissipation rate and the soil physicochemical index, enzyme activity, PAH-degradation bacterial biomass, and microbial diversity. Results showed that SMS significantly enhanced the dissipation of PAHs and fresh SMS had a better effect than air-dried SMS. The highest dissipation rate of 16 PAHs was 34.5%, which was observed in soil amended with fresh P. eryngii SMS, and the PAH dissipation rates with low and high molecular weights were 41.3% and 19.4%, respectively. By comparison, fresh P. eryngii SMS presented high nutrient contents, which promoted the development of PAH-degrading bacteria and changed the soil bacterial community involved in degradation, thereby promoting the PAH dissipation. The lignin-degrading enzymes in fresh SMS were abundant, and the laccase and manganese peroxidase activities in the treatment of fresh P. eryngii SMS was higher than those in other treatments. Fresh P. eryngii SMS improved the relative abundance of Microbacterium, Rhizobium, and Pseudomonas in soil, which were all related to PAH degradation. Consequently, adding fresh P. eryngii SMS was an effective method for remediating aged PAH-contaminated agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Zhou
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dong Ma
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Chai
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Liu X, Ge W, Zhang X, Chai C, Wu J, Xiang D, Chen X. Biodegradation of aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soil by Paracoccus sp. LXC combined with humic acid and spent mushroom substrate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120820. [PMID: 31271936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Paracoccus sp. LXC combined with humic acid (HA) and spent mushroom substrate (SMS) obtained from Auricularia auricular and Sarcomyxa edulis was tested for the remediation of agricultural soil contaminated with aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The biomass and diversity of bacteria and fungi and the soil enzyme activity were analyzed. PAH removal and dissipation kinetics were examined. The highest degradation rate of PAHs was 56.5% when soil was amended with Paracoccus sp. LXC combined with HA and unsterilized SMS from A. auricular. The half-life of PAHs decreased from 2323.3 days in natural attenuation to 66.6-277.2 days in amended treatments. Soil treated with Paracoccus sp. LXC combined with HA and SMS from A. auricular acquired high contents of organic matter and nutrients. HA and SMS aided the growth of PAH-degrading bacteria and promoted the diversity of bacteria but not of fungi. The degradation rate of PAHs was mainly correlated positively with soil laccase activity. Low- and middle-molecular-weight PAHs were significantly removed by Paracoccus sp. LXC, HA and SMS. High-molecular-weight PAHs were removed by SMS but not by Paracoccus sp. LXC. Biodegradation by Paracoccus sp. LXC combined with HA and SMS is a promising choice for remediating aged PAH-contaminated agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchu Liu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wei Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Chai
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Juan Wu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dan Xiang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
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First report of the nematicidal activity of Flammulina velutipes, its spent mushroom compost and metabolites. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:410. [PMID: 31692701 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the nematicidal potential of Flammulina velutipes and its spent mushroom compost. Additionally, the nematicidal activity of enzymes and metabolites was analyzed. Isolated F. velutipes and its SMC had significant nematicidal effect on Panagrellus sp. larvae. The percentages of reduction in relation to the control group were: 69, 57.5 and 70% for SMC and 56, 24.5 and 26.6% for the isolated fungus, for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The active SMC crude extract showed nematicidal action with reduction percentages of 43 and 57% for 24 and 48 h of incubation, respectively. The boiled crude extract also showed nematicidal action, however, the reduction percentages were lower than those of the active extract. This demonstrated that the nematicidal action was due to enzyme activities and other metabolites. The results demonstrated that SMC, the isolated fungus, the crude extract and the boiled crude extract showed a significant percentage of reduction on Panagrellus sp. larvae. SMC evidenced a higher nematicidal activity than the isolated fungus. In addition, nematophagous activity of F. velutipes was observed for the first time.
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García-Delgado C, D'Annibale A, Pesciaroli L, Yunta F, Crognale S, Petruccioli M, Eymar E. Implications of polluted soil biostimulation and bioaugmentation with spent mushroom substrate (Agaricus bisporus) on the microbial community and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biodegradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 508:20-28. [PMID: 25437949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Different applications of spent Agaricus bisporus substrate (SAS), a widespread agro-industrial waste, were investigated with respect to the remediation of a historically polluted soil with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH). In one treatment, the waste was sterilized (SSAS) prior to its application in order to assess its ability to biostimulate, as an organic amendment, the resident soil microbiota and ensuing contaminant degradation. For the other treatments, two bioaugmentation approaches were investigated; the first involved the use of the waste itself and thus implied the application of A. bisporus and the inherent microbiota of the waste. In the second treatment, SAS was sterilized and inoculated again with the fungus to assess its ability to act as a fungal carrier. All these treatments were compared with natural attenuation in terms of their impact on soil heterotrophic and PAH-degrading bacteria, fungal growth, biodiversity of soil microbiota and ability to affect PAH bioavailability and ensuing degradation and detoxification. Results clearly showed that historically PAH contaminated soil was not amenable to natural attenuation. Conversely, the addition of sterilized spent A. bisporus substrate to the soil stimulated resident soil bacteria with ensuing high removals of 3-ring PAH. Both augmentation treatments were more effective in removing highly condensed PAH, some of which known to possess a significant carcinogenic activity. Regardless of the mode of application, the present results strongly support the adequacy of SAS for environmental remediation purposes and open the way to an attractive recycling option of this waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García-Delgado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alessandro D'Annibale
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest systems [DIBAF], University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Lorena Pesciaroli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest systems [DIBAF], University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Felipe Yunta
- Department of Geology and Geochemistry, University Autónoma of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Silvia Crognale
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest systems [DIBAF], University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Petruccioli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest systems [DIBAF], University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Enrique Eymar
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Saxon EB, Jackson RW, Bhumbra S, Smith T, Sockett RE. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 guards against Pseudomonas tolaasii brown-blotch lesions on the surface of post-harvest Agaricus bisporus supermarket mushrooms. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:163. [PMID: 24946855 PMCID: PMC4077555 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas tolaasii is a problematic pathogen of cultured mushrooms, forming dark brown 'blotches' on mushroom surfaces and causing spoilage during crop growth and post-harvest . Treating P. tolaasii infection is difficult, as other, commensal bacterial species such as Pseudomonas putida are necessary for mushroom growth, so treatments must be relatively specific. RESULTS We have found that P. tolaasii is susceptible to predation in vitro by the δ-proteobacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. This effect also occurred in funga, where B. bacteriovorus was administered to post-harvest mushroom caps before and after administration of the P. tolaasii pathogen. A significant, visible improvement in blotch appearance, after incubation, was observed on administration of Bdellovibrio. A significant reduction in viable P. tolaasii cell numbers, recovered from the mushroom tissue, was detected. This was accompanied by a more marked reduction in blotch severity on Bdellovibrio administration. We found that there was in some cases an accompanying overgrowth of presumed-commensal, non-Pseudomonas bacteria on post-harvest mushroom caps after Bdellovibrio-treatment. These bacteria were identified (by 16SrRNA gene sequencing) as Enterobacter species, which were seemingly resistant to predation. We visualised predatory interactions occuring between B. bacteriovorus and P. tolaasii on the post-harvest mushroom cap surface by Scanning Electron Microscopy, seeing predatory invasion of P. tolaasii by B. bacteriovorus in funga. This anti-P. tolaasii effect worked well in post-harvest supermarket mushrooms, thus Bdellovibrio was not affected by any pre-treatment of mushrooms for commercial/consumer purposes. CONCLUSIONS The soil-dwelling B. bacteriovorus HD100 preys upon and kills P. tolaasii, on mushroom surfaces, and could therefore be applied to prevent spoilage in post-harvest situations where mushrooms are stored and packaged for sale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma B Saxon
- Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Robert W Jackson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK
| | - Shobita Bhumbra
- Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Tim Smith
- Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - R Elizabeth Sockett
- Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Weil JD, Cutter CN, Beelman RB, LaBorde LF. Inactivation of human pathogens during phase II composting of manure-based mushroom growth substrate. J Food Prot 2013; 76:1393-400. [PMID: 23905795 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Commercial production of white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) requires a specialized growth substrate prepared from composted agricultural by-products. Because horse and poultry manures are widely used in substrate formulations, there is a need to determine the extent to which the composting process is capable of eliminating human pathogens. In this study, partially composted substrate was inoculated with a pathogen cocktail (log 10⁶ to 10⁸ CFU/g) containing Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella. Pathogen and indicator-organism reductions were followed at temperatures that typically occurred during a standard 6-day phase II pasteurization and conditioning procedure. Controlled-temperature water bath studies at 48.8, 54.4, and 60°C demonstrated complete destruction of the three pathogens after 36.0, 8.0, and 0.5 h, respectively. Destruction of L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 at 54.4°C occurred more slowly than E. coli, total coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and Salmonella. Microbial reductions that occurred during a standard 6-day phase II pasteurization and conditioning treatment were studied in a small-scale mushroom production research facility. After phase II composting, E. coli, coliforms, and Enterobacteriaceae were below detectable levels, and inoculated pathogens were not detected by direct plating or by enrichment. The results of this study show that a phase II composting process can be an effective control measure for eliminating risks associated with the use of composted animal manures during mushroom production. Growers are encouraged to validate and verify their own composting processes through periodic microbial testing for pathogens and to conduct studies to assure uniform distribution of substrate temperatures during phase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Weil
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 202 Food Science Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Chandna P, Mallik S, Kuhad RC. Assessment of bacterial diversity in agricultural by-product compost by sequencing of cultivated isolates and amplified rDNA restriction analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:6991-7003. [PMID: 23053087 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An investigation of bacterial diversity in compost was performed using molecular chronometer in order to reveal its phylogeny. Thirty-three bacterial isolates isolated from compost were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing which revealed phylogenetic lineage of class Bacilli, γ, β-Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Among these lineages, isolates belonging to class Bacilli consisted of species from genera Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Terribacillus, and Lysinibacillus. From phylum Actinobacteria: Microbacterium barkeri and Kocuria sp. were identified. Other bacterial groups had phylogenetic linkage with genera Comamonas and Acidovorax (class β-Proteobacteria); Serratia, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter (class γ-Proteobacteria). Similar isolates were analyzed through ARDRA. Amplified product of 16S rRNA gene from each isolates was subjected to cleavage by enzymes HpaII, HinfI, and MspI in separate reaction tubes. HpaII generated 2-6 bands ranging from 90-688 bp, HinfI generated 2-5 bands of 71-1,038 bp, and MspI 2-7 bands of 69-793 bp. The restriction patterns from HpaII, HinfI, and MspI were normalized separately and combined by means of pattern recognition software "Diversity Database." HpaII had highest discrimination index (0.72) than HinfI (0.68) and MspI (0.65), and the combination of all three showed discrimination index (0.69). Numerical analysis of ARDRA patterns demonstrated sufficient phylogenetic information for characterizing bacterial diversity. Phylogenetic relationship obtained among isolates through ARDRA was compared with 16S rRNA gene sequence and ARDRA results showed sufficiently similar 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, but not an overlapping. It has been observed that ARDRA technique facilitates the identification of bacteria in less than 36 h as compared to traditional 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Chandna
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110 021, India
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Fathallh Eida M, Nagaoka T, Wasaki J, Kouno K. Isolation and characterization of cellulose-decomposing bacteria inhabiting sawdust and coffee residue composts. Microbes Environ 2012; 27:226-33. [PMID: 22353767 PMCID: PMC4036048 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me11299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clarifying the identity and enzymatic activities of microorganisms associated with the decomposition of organic materials is expected to contribute to the evaluation and improvement of composting processes. In this study, we examined the cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic abilities of bacteria isolated from sawdust compost (SDC) and coffee residue compost (CRC). Cellulolytic bacteria were isolated using Dubos mineral salt agar containing azurine cross-linked (AZCL) HE-cellulose. Bacterial identification was performed based on the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes, and cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase, mannanase, and protease activities were characterized using insoluble AZCL-linked substrates. Eleven isolates were obtained from SDC and 10 isolates from CRC. DNA analysis indicated that the isolates from SDC and CRC belonged to the genera Streptomyces, Microbispora, and Paenibacillus, and the genera Streptomyces, Microbispora, and Cohnella, respectively. Microbispora was the most dominant genus in both compost types. All isolates, with the exception of two isolates lacking mannanase activity, showed cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase, and mannanase activities. Based on enzyme activities expressed as the ratio of hydrolysis zone diameter to colony diameter, it was suggested that the species of Microbispora (SDCB8, SDCB9) and Paenibacillus (SDCB10, SDCB11) in SDC and Microbispora (CRCB2, CRCB6) and Cohnella (CRCB9, CRCB10) in CRC contribute to efficient cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic processes during composting.
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Choudhary DK. First Preliminary Report on Isolation and Characterization of Novel Acinetobacter spp. in Casing Soil Used for Cultivation of Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. Int J Microbiol 2011; 2011:790285. [PMID: 22007222 PMCID: PMC3191781 DOI: 10.1155/2011/790285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite evaluation of large number of agroindustrial wastes for their use as casing material for Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach cultivation, scant attention has been given to the importance of biological properties of casing materials. In the present study, an attempt was made to characterize the bacterial flora in casing layer, namely, Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and Spent Mushroom Substrate/spent compost (SMS/SC) (FYM+SC, 3 : 1) and FYM and Vermi Compost (VC) (FYM+VC, 3 : 1), employing partial 16S rDNA sequencing. Available data showed a significant variety of organisms that included Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas of the γ-proteobacteria, that were the most frequently encountered genera. This is the first preliminary report on the microbial diversity of casing soils and demonstrates the presence of Acinetobacter spp. that has not been previously described in casing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. K. Choudhary
- Department of Science, Faculty of Arts, Science & Commerce (FASC), Mody Institute of Technology & Science (MITS), Sikar, Rajasthan, Lakshmangarh 332311, India
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Rao JR, Cherie Millar B, Moore JE. Avian influenza, migratory birds and emerging zoonoses: Unusual viral RNA, enteropathogens and Cryptosporidium in poultry litter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 2:363-369. [PMID: 32362937 PMCID: PMC7185631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bihy.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed the emergence of several new viral infectious agents, most notably avian influenza H5N1, SARS and West Nile Virus. The emergence of these agents is heavily associated with zonotic animal hosts, as well as migratory pathways of infected bird vectors. The environmental survival and persistence of nucleic acid associated with these viral agents may be important for both the detection as well as the occurrence of related diseases. Our hypothesis suggests that nucleic acid from such emerging viruses may enter into a virus-parasite surrogate relationship to aid in viral persistence. We suggest that Cryptosporidium and other gastrointestinal parasites, including Giardia, could be a) a reservoir of genetic material and a environment where assortment between that genetic variation can occur and, b) a source of zoonoses through infection of the ‘target’ animal (including humans). One example which illustrates this may be the uptake dsRNA from rotavirus into cryptosporidial oocysts, as this parasite has previously been shown to contain dsRNA viral-like particles. The importance of such a surrogate relationship is discussed and its implications for human and animal health highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juluri R Rao
- Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Newforge Lane, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5PX, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - B Cherie Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast, City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AD, UK
| | - John E Moore
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK.,Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast, City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AD, UK
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Chen G, Zeng G, Tang L, Du C, Jiang X, Huang G, Liu H, Shen G. Cadmium removal from simulated wastewater to biomass byproduct of Lentinus edodes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:7034-7040. [PMID: 18313919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A kind of agricultural waste, the byproduct of brown-rot fungus Lentinus edodes, was used as an efficient biosorbent for the removal of cadmium from water in this paper. The sorption conditions, such as pH, the dose of biomass and the initial concentration of cadmium were examined. Three kinds of adsorption models were applied to simulate the biosorption data. Uptake of cadmium was higher in weak acid condition than in strong acid condition. Nearly no sorption of cadmium occurred when the pH value was lower than 2.5. Biosorption isothermal data could be well simulated by Freundlich model, and then Langmuir and Temkin model. Langmuir simulation of the biosorption showed that the maximum uptake of cadmium was 5.58mmol/g in weak acid condition, which was much higher than many other biosorbents. The exchanged proton was highly related to the uptake of cadmium in weak acid condition. Fourier transform infrared spectrums and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalyzer were used to reveal ion-exchange mechanism between cadmium and the functional groups or participated inorganic metal ions during biosorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqiu Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Ntougias S, Zervakis GI, Kavroulakis N, Ehaliotis C, Papadopoulou KK. Bacterial Diversity in Spent Mushroom Compost Assessed by Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis and Sequencing of Cultivated Isolates. Syst Appl Microbiol 2004; 27:746-54. [PMID: 15612633 DOI: 10.1078/0723202042369857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spent mushroom compost (SMC) is the residual by-product of commercial Agaricus spp. cultivation, and it is mainly composed of a thermally treated cereal straw/animal manure mixture colonized by the fungal biomass. Research on the valorization of this material is mainly focusing on its use as soil conditioner and plant fertilizer. An investigation of the bacterial diversity in SMC was performed using molecular techniques in order to reveal the origin of SMC microflora and its potential effect on soil microbial communities after incorporation into agricultural soils. The bacterial population was estimated by the plate count method to a mean of 2.7 10(9) colony forming units (cfu) per g of dry weight, while the numbers of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were 1.9 10(9) and 4.9 10(8) cfu per g dw respectively as estimated by enumeration on semi-selective media. Fifty bacterial isolates were classified into 14 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) following ARDRA-PCR of the 16S rDNA gene. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA amplicon assigned 12 of the 14 OTUs to Gram-positive bacteria, associated with the genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Exiguobacterium, Staphylococcus, Desemzia, Carnobacterium, Brevibacterium, Arthrobacter and Microbacterium of the bacterial divisions Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Two bacterial groups have phylogenetic links with the genera Comamonas and Sphingobacterium, which belong to beta-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes respectively. Two potentially novel bacteria are reported, which are associated with the genera Bacillus and Microbacterium. Most of the bacteria identified are of environmental origin, while strains related to species usually isolated from insects, animal and clinical sources were also detected. It appears that bacterial diversity in SMC is greatly affected by the origin of the initial material, its thermal pasteurization treatment and the potential unintended colonization of the mushroom substrate during the cultivation process.
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MESH Headings
- Agaricus/growth & development
- Bacteria/classification
- Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Biodiversity
- Colony Count, Microbial
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- Genes, rRNA
- Gentian Violet
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phenazines
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Soil
- Soil Microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Ntougias
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Foundation, Kalamata, Greece
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