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Xiang F, Han L, Jiang S, Xu X, Zhang Z. Black soldier fly larvae mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from domestic biodegradable waste by recycling carbon and nitrogen and reconstructing microbial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:33347-33359. [PMID: 38676863 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae have been proven to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the treatment of organic waste. However, the microbial mechanisms involved have not been fully understood. The current study mainly examined the dynamic changes of carbon and nitrogen, greenhouse gas emissions, the succession of microbial community structure, and changes in functional gene abundance in organic waste under larvae treatment and non-aeration composting. Thirty percent carbon and 55% nitrogen in the organic waste supplied were stored in larvae biomass. Compared to the non-aeration composting, the larvae bioreactor reduced the proportion of carbon and nitrogen converted into greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O decreased by 62%, 87%, and 95%, respectively). 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that the larvae bioreactor increased the relative abundance of Methanophaga, Marinobacter, and Campylobacter during the bioprocess, enhancing the consumption of CH4 and N2O. The metagenomic data showed that the intervention of larvae reduced the ratio of (nirK + nirS + nor)/nosZ in the residues, thereby reducing the emission of N2O. Larvae also increased the functional gene abundance of nirA, nirB, nirD, and nrfA in the residues, making nitrite more inclined to be reduced to ammonia instead of N2O. The larvae bioreactor mitigated greenhouse gas emissions by redistributing carbon and nitrogen and remodeling microbiomes during waste bioconversion, giving related enterprises a relative advantage in carbon trading.
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Affiliation(s)
- FangMing Xiang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, YuHangTang Ave 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- JiaXing FuKang Biotechnology Company Limited, TongXiang Economic HiTech Zone, Building 1-19#, Development Ave 133, Tongxiang, 314515, People's Republic of China
| | - LuYing Han
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, YuHangTang Ave 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - ShuoYun Jiang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, YuHangTang Ave 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- HangZhou GuSheng Technology Company Limited, XiangWang Ave 311118, Hangzhou, 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - XinHua Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, YuHangTang Ave 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhiJian Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, YuHangTang Ave 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- China Academy of West Region Development, Zhejiang University, YuHangTang Ave 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu J, Luo Z, Sun T, Li W, Zhou W, Wang X, Fei X, Tong H, Yin K. Cradle-to-grave emissions from food loss and waste represent half of total greenhouse gas emissions from food systems. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:247-256. [PMID: 37118273 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from food loss and waste (FLW) are not well characterized from cradle to grave. Here GHG emissions due to FLW in supply chain and waste management systems are quantified, followed by an assessment of the GHG emission reductions that could be achieved by policy and technological interventions. Global FLW emitted 9.3 Gt of CO2 equivalent from the supply chain and waste management systems in 2017, which accounted for about half of the global annual GHG emissions from the whole food system. The sources of FLW emissions are widely distributed across nine post-farming stages and vary according to country, region and food category. Income level, technology availability and prevailing dietary pattern also affect the country and regional FLW emissions. Halving FLW generation, halving meat consumption and enhancing FLW management technologies are the strategies we assess for FLW emission reductions. The region-specific and food-category-specific outcomes and the trade-off in emission reductions between supply chain and waste management are elucidated. These insights may help decision makers localize and optimize intervention strategies for sustainable FLW management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyi Luo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | - Ke Yin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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Zhao Y, Cai J, Zhang P, Qin W, Lou Y, Liu Z, Hu B. Core fungal species strengthen microbial cooperation in a food-waste composting process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 12:100190. [PMID: 36157338 PMCID: PMC9500350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In ecosystem engineering research, the contribution of microbial cooperation to ecosystem function has been emphasized. Fungi are one of the predominant decomposers in composting, but thus far, less attention has been given to fungal than to bacterial cooperation. Therefore, network and cohesion analyses were combined to reveal the correlation between fungal cooperation and organic matter (OM) degradation in ten composting piles. Positive cohesion, reflecting the cooperation degree, was positively linked to the degradation rate of OM. From the community perspective, core species (i.e., Candida tropicalis, Issatchenkia orientails, Kazachstania exigua, and Dipodascus australiensis) with high occurrence frequency and abundance were the key in regulating positive cohesion. These species were highly relevant to functional genera associated with OM degradation in both fungal and bacterial domains. Therefore, focusing on these core fungal species might be an appropriate strategy for targeted regulation of functional microbes and promotion of degradation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Cai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weizhen Qin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yicheng Lou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zishu Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Baolan Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Girón-Rojas C, Gil E, Garcia-Ruiz A, Iglesias N, López M. Assessment of biowaste composting process for industrial support tool development through macro data approach. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 105:364-372. [PMID: 32114408 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess composting efficiency and quality of compost through the study of the parameters of the Catalan Waste Agency (ARC) data-base by developing indicators useful for industrial sector. The study includes 17 composting plants for an 8-years period (2010-2017), the quantities of materials treated and generated in these plants: biowaste, yard trimmings, refuse and compost, as well as chemical characterization of compost: moisture, total organic matter, organic nitrogen, pH, electrical conductivity, self-heating test, pollutants and ammonium. Plant were sorted into 4 size classes depending on size capacity and into 4 technologies employed during thermophilic phase. Different indicators were developed related to improper fraction content, yard trimmings ratio, mass losses, compost production, refuse generation and plant saturation. The main average results indicate that improper fraction is 10%, process losses 68%, refuse generated 25% and saturation 79%. Differences were observed in size and technology; for instance, smaller plants presented lower improper content, refuse and saturation and higher losses while plants with turned windrows during decomposition presented higher improper, yard trimmings ratio and plants with vessel technology showed lower losses and higher saturation. Also, the compost quality is higher if the plant saturation and improper fraction are below 90% and 7%, respectively. The indicators were useful to assess the process and were related to the compost quality obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Girón-Rojas
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, DEAB, Escola Superior d'Agricultura de Barcelona, c/ Esteve Terradas 8, Ed, D4, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Emilio Gil
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, DEAB, Escola Superior d'Agricultura de Barcelona, c/ Esteve Terradas 8, Ed, D4, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | | | - Noemí Iglesias
- Agència de Residus de Catalunya, Dr. Roux 80, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marga López
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, DEAB, Escola Superior d'Agricultura de Barcelona, c/ Esteve Terradas 8, Ed, D4, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain.
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Edwards J, Othman M, Crossin E, Burn S. Life cycle inventory and mass-balance of municipal food waste management systems: Decision support methods beyond the waste hierarchy. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 69:577-591. [PMID: 28818397 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
When assessing the environmental and human health impact of a municipal food waste (FW) management system waste managers typically rely on the principles of the waste hierarchy; using metrics such as the mass or rate of waste that is 'prepared for recycling,' 'recovered for energy,' or 'sent to landfill.' These metrics measure the collection and sorting efficiency of a waste system but are incapable of determining the efficiency of a system to turn waste into a valuable resource. In this study a life cycle approach was employed using a system boundary that includes the entire waste service provision from collection to safe end-use or disposal. A life cycle inventory of seven waste management systems was calculated, including the first service wide inventory of FW management through kitchen in-sink disposal (food waste disposer). Results describe the mass, energy and water balance of each system along with key emissions profile. It was demonstrated that the energy balance can differ significantly from its' energy generation, exemplified by mechanical biological treatment, which was the best system for generating energy from waste but only 5th best for net-energy generation. Furthermore, the energy balance of kitchen in-sink disposal was shown to be reduced because 31% of volatile solids were lost in pre-treatment. The study also confirmed that higher FW landfill diversion rates were critical for reducing many harmful emissions to air and water. Although, mass-balance analysis showed that the alternative end-use of the FW material may still contain high impact pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Edwards
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
| | - Maazuza Othman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Enda Crossin
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn 3121, Australia
| | - Stewart Burn
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia; Manufacturing Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton 3168, Australia
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Jensen MB, Møller J, Scheutz C. Assessment of a combined dry anaerobic digestion and post-composting treatment facility for source-separated organic household waste, using material and substance flow analysis and life cycle inventory. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 66:23-35. [PMID: 28427738 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The fate of total solids, volatile solids, total organic carbon, fossil carbon, biogenic carbon and 17 substances (As, Ca, CaCO3, Cd, Cl, Cr, Cu, H, Hg, K, Mg, N, Ni, O, P, Pb, S, Zn) in a combined dry anaerobic digestion and post-composting facility were assessed. Mass balances showed good results with low uncertainties for non-volatile substances, while balances for nitrogen, carbon, volatile solids and total organic carbon showed larger but reasonable uncertainties, due to volatilisation and emissions into the air. Material and substance flow analyses were performed in order to obtain transfer coefficients for a combined dry anaerobic digestion and post-composting facility. All metals passed through the facility and ended up in compost or residues, but all concentrations of metals in the compost complied with legislation. About 23% of the carbon content of the organic waste was transferred to the biogas, 24% to the compost, 13% to residues and 40% into the atmosphere. For nitrogen, 69% was transferred to the compost, 10% volatilised to the biofilter, 11% directly into the atmosphere and 10% to residues. Finally, a full life cycle inventory was conducted for the combined dry anaerobic digestion and post-composting facility, including waste received, fuel consumption, energy use, gaseous emissions, products, energy production and chemical composition of the compost produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Bang Jensen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Møller
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Minbu H, Ochiai A, Kawase T, Taniguchi M, Lloyd DR, Tanaka T. Preparation of poly(L-lactic acid) microfiltration membranes by a nonsolvent-induced phase separation method with the aid of surfactants. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Seng B, Hirayama K, Katayama-Hirayama K, Ochiai S, Kaneko H. Scenario analysis of the benefit of municipal organic-waste composting over landfill, Cambodia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 114:216-224. [PMID: 23168253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents insight into the benefits of organic waste recycling through composting over landfill, in terms of landfill life extension, compost product, and mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Future waste generation from 2003 to 2020 was forecast, and five scenarios of organic waste recycling in the municipality of Phnom Penh (MPP), Cambodia, were carried out. Organic waste-specifically food and garden waste-was used for composting, and the remaining waste was landfilled. The recycling scenarios were set based on organic waste generated from difference sources: households, restaurants, shops, markets, schools, hotels, offices, and street sweeping. Through the five scenarios, the minimum volume reductions of waste disposal were about 56, 123, and 219 m(3) d(-1) in 2003, 2012, and 2020, respectively, whereas the maximum volume reductions in these years were about 325, 643, and 1025 m(3) d(-1). These volume reductions reflect a landfill life extension of a minimum of half a year and a maximum of about four years. Compost product could be produced at a minimum of 14, 30, and 54 tons d(-1) in 2003, 2012, and 2020, respectively, and at a maximum in those years of about 80, 158, and 252 tons d(-1). At the same time benefit is gained in compost product, GHG emissions could be reduced by a minimum of 12.8% and a maximum of 65.0% from 2003 to 2020. This means about 3.23 (minimum) and 5.79 million tons CO(2)eq (maximum) contributed to GHG mitigation. In this regard, it is strongly recommended that MPP should try to initiate an organic-waste recycling strategy in a best fit scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunrith Seng
- International Research Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan.
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Tanaka T, Nishimoto T, Tsukamoto K, Yoshida M, Kouya T, Taniguchi M, Lloyd DR. Formation of depth filter microfiltration membranes of poly(l-lactic acid) via phase separation. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang H, Matsuto T. Comparison of mass balance, energy consumption and cost of composting facilities for different types of organic waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 31:416-422. [PMID: 20951564 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mass balance, energy consumption and cost are basic pieces of information necessary for selecting a waste management technology. In this study, composting facilities that treat different types of organic waste were studied by questionnaire survey and via a chemical analysis of material collected at the facilities. The mass balance was calculated on a dry weight basis because the moisture content of organic waste was very high. Even though the ratio of bulking material to total input varied in the range 0-65% on a dry basis, the carbon and ash content, carbon/nitrogen ratio, heavy metal content and inorganic nutrients in the compost were clearly influenced by the different characteristics of the input waste. The use of bulking material was not correlated with ash or elemental content in the compost. The operating costs were categorised into two groups. There was some economy of scale for wages and maintenance cost, but the costs for electricity and fuel were proportional to the amount of waste. Differences in operating costs can be explained by differences in the process characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- Lab of Solid Waste Disposal Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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