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Gong B, Zhong X, Chen X, Li S, Hong J, Mao X, Liao Z. Manipulation of composting oxygen supply to facilitate dissolved organic matter (DOM) accumulation which can enhance maize growth. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129729. [PMID: 33524755 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Promotion of crop yield by compost application is generally thought to be ascribed to a better supply of macro and micronutrients, however the importance of compost DOM on plant growth has not been well demonstrated. In this study, composting of chicken manure, spent mushroom and sawdust was conducted under aerobic or anaerobic condition to determine the effects of compost DOM on plant growth. It was found that dissolved organic matter (DOM) first increased and then decreased in compost, and DOM of anaerobic compost was slightly higher than that of aerobic compost. When compost extract was applied to maize, among N, P, K and DOM content, it was DOM content that was most significantly and strongly related to plant biomass (r = 0.843, p<0.001). Compost DOM was also strongly related to soil properties, the improvement of which can also promote plant growth. Compost application confirmed that higher compost DOM results in greater plant biomass. In order to facilitate compost DOM accumulation, we designed a novel composting process which combined aerobic and anaerobic treatments, and the resulting compost (A-Ana compost) with the highest amount of DOM displayed the best performance in promotion of plant growth. A-Ana compost was able to increase maize biomass by 32.71% and 12.40% compared with only anaerobic or aerobic compost, respectively. Therefore, DOM is a critical factor determining compost quality and it is feasible to manipulate composting oxygen supply condition to increase compost DOM, which will lead to increased plant yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beini Gong
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Zhong
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Topsafe Petrochemical Logistics and Storage Services Co., Ltd, Dongguan, 523000, PR China
| | - Xian Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Shikun Li
- Guangdong Runtian Fertilizer Co., LTD, Xinxing County, 527400, PR China
| | - Jiale Hong
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Mao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zongwen Liao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
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2
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Ma J, Liu L, Xue Q, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Fei X. A systematic assessment of aeration rate effect on aerobic degradation of municipal solid waste based on leachate chemical oxygen demand removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128218. [PMID: 33297175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aeration is one mainstream technique to accelerate municipal solid waste (MSW) degradation in landfills. The determination of an appropriate aeration rate is critical to the design and operation of a landfill aeration system. In this study, we analyze 132 waste degradation tests reported in forty one studies in the literature. We use L min-1 kg-1 dry organic matter (L min-1 kg-1 DOM) as the uniform unit to quantify the aeration rates in all tests. The first order rate coefficient for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in leachate (kCOD) is selected as the parameter to characterize MSW degradation process. We further divide aerobic tests into five aerobic groups base on the respective aeration rates, i.e., <0.02, 0.02-0.1, 0.1-0.3, 0.3-1, and >1 L min-1 kg-1 DOM. With an increase in the aeration rate, the kCOD increases first and then decreases. The aeration rate between 0.1 and 0.3 L min-1 kg-1 DOM has the best enhancement on the kCOD. The kCOD values are not much higher than the anaerobic and semi-aerobic tests when the aeration rates are <0.1 L min-1 kg-1 DOM, because such aeration rates may be lower than the actual oxygen consumption rates. An aeration rate >0.3 L min-1 kg-1 DOM reduces the kCOD likely due to excess water evaporation and ventilation cooling. Among the analyzed results, the aeration rate is the most related to the kCOD in principal component analysis than the other factors, including liquid recirculation and addition, waste total density, waste degradation level, and waste initial temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; IRSM-CAS/HK PolyU Joint Laboratory on Solid Waste Science, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sludge and Soil Science and Engineering, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; IRSM-CAS/HK PolyU Joint Laboratory on Solid Waste Science, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sludge and Soil Science and Engineering, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Qiang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; IRSM-CAS/HK PolyU Joint Laboratory on Solid Waste Science, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sludge and Soil Science and Engineering, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing Engineering Technique Research Center for Exploration and Utilization of Non-Conventional Water Resources and Water Use Efficiency, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore.
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Poveda-Giraldo J, Cardona Alzate C. A biorefinery for the valorization of marigold (Calendula officinalis) residues to produce biogas and phenolic compounds. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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He H, Fei X. Scaling up laboratory column testing results to predict coupled methane generation and biological settlement in full-scale municipal solid waste landfills. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 115:25-35. [PMID: 32717549 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of methane (CH4) generation and settlement of biodegrading municipal solid waste (MSW) is of primary interest to landfills aiming at biogas recovery for energy generation and MSW stabilization. We investigate these two concurring processes using datasets from 35 laboratory column tests and 8 pilot- and full-scale landfill cells available in the literature. We fit the datasets using three CH4 generation models, i.e., conventional first-order decay (FOD) model, coupled FOD model, and coupled Gompertz model. The latter two models are proposed in this study which couple CH4 generation with biological settlement strain (εB) instead of elapsed time. Each model requires only four to five input parameters which can be reasonably estimated a priori based on the initial conditions of the MSW and landfills. The performances of the models are compared using jackknife resampling approach and normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) values. The coupled Gompertz model results in on average 50% lower NRMSE when predicting the time-dependent CH4 generation in all the datasets compared to the other two models. Thus, we demonstrate that CH4 generation from biodegrading MSW in landfills can be better predicted using the corresponding εB than the elapsed time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping He
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore.
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5
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Aristizábal-Marulanda V, Poveda-Giraldo JA, Cardona Alzate CA. Comparison of furfural and biogas production using pentoses as platform. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138841. [PMID: 32361121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coffee cut-stems (CCS), a biomass with high lignocellulosic content, is a coffee crop waste after bean harvesting. The main application of this material is as fuelwood for farmers, disregarding their carbohydrate content for biotechnological processes. In these terms, this work aims to compare three process scenarios for the experimental valorization of C5 fraction from CCS to produce biogas and furfural with and without the ethanol production from remaining C6 fraction under biorefinery concept. Therefore, an experimental stage was performed to obtain these products, based on a previous diluted acid pretreatment. The hydrolysate fraction was used to produce furfural and biogas, achieving yields of 0.34 g of furfural/g xylose and 81.1 mL of CH4 per gram of volatile solids. Concerning the solid fraction after acid pretreatment, it was used to produce ethanol with a previous enzymatic hydrolysis. After fermentation, 0.47 g of ethanol/g of glucose (92% of the theoretical yield) was obtained. These experimental results were fed to simulation models in order to compare three scenarios in technical, economic and environmental terms. As the main results, from technical point of view, the biogas production presents the lowest energy requirements. From the economic perspective, the furfural production presents a prefeasibility at the base scale of processing (e.g., 12.5 ton h-1). Meanwhile, the biogas scenario needs a processing capacity >22.5 ton h-1 to achieve the economic prefeasibility. In the biorefinery case, the positive economic performance is found at processing scales above 83 ton h-1. This work concludes that the C5 sugars platform is identified as a potential alternative for the generation of furfural and biogas, however, in this case a multiproduct biorefinery system is not always the best option to valorize biomass given the very high scale required and the economic indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Aristizábal-Marulanda
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Km 07 vía al Magdalena, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia; Facultad de Tecnologías, Escuela de Tecnología Química, Grupo Desarrollo de Procesos Químicos, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Jhonny Alejandro Poveda-Giraldo
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Km 07 vía al Magdalena, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Carlos Ariel Cardona Alzate
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Km 07 vía al Magdalena, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia.
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Abdul Rahman MH, Sadi T, Ahmad AA, Masri IN, Mohammad Yusoff M, Kamaruddin H, Shakri NA, Hamid MAA, Ab. Malek R. Inventory and composting of yard waste in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04486. [PMID: 32715140 PMCID: PMC7369616 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Composting of yard waste is one of the waste management approaches in the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. The yard waste inventory was developed in the headquarters' area and a pilot-scale study was performed on the potential compost product. The total amount of yard waste generated from June 2017 to December 2017 was 16.75 tonnes with an average generation of 0.60 tonnes per week on the dry weight (d.w.) basis. The collected yard waste consisted of three major characteristics, namely dry leaves, fresh green leaves, and grass cuttings, and a waste estimation technique was applied to determine the composition of these three elements. The acquired information was used to formulate the initial compost mixture. The wastes were then mixed with an appropriate amount of livestock manure and other wastes to obtain the optimum initial C/N ratio, which was then found in the analysis to range between 25:1 and 42:1. Meanwhile, the C/N ratios obtained from the matured compost product were from 10:1 and 15:1. Moreover, most of the compost yield ranged between 50% and 70% (w w-1 d.w. basis), while the percentage of the seed germination in the compost was over 95%. The viability of the project was indicated from the economic analysis, with benefit to cost ratio (BCR) values of more than 1. The results also suggested that the large scale composting of yard waste in MARDI was feasible and its applicability is continuous. This technique also fulfilled the objective of producing quality compost, which was suitable for agricultural use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tosiah Sadi
- Soil & Fertilizer Research Centre, MARDI, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aimi Athirah Ahmad
- Socio Economic, Market Intelligence & Agribusiness Research Center, MARDI, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Nur Alyani Shakri
- Agrobiodiversity & Environment Research Centre, MARDI, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Rashidah Ab. Malek
- Agrobiodiversity & Environment Research Centre, MARDI, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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The Effects of Different Oxytetracycline and Copper Treatments on the Performance of Anaerobic Digesters and the Dynamics of Bacterial Communities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1897280. [PMID: 30069464 PMCID: PMC6057349 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1897280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxytetracycline and copper are the common residues in animal manures. Meanwhile, anaerobic digestion is considered as a clean biotechnology for the disposal of animal manures. In this paper, the performance of anaerobic digesters and the dynamics of bacterial communities under the different treatments of oxytetracycline and copper were discussed. The parameters of methane production and pH values were studied to reflect the performance of anaerobic digester. Results showed that the changes of methane production and pH values were not obvious compared with the control. This means that the treatments of oxytetracycline and copper almost have no effects on the performance of anaerobic digesters. This phenomenon might be due to the chelation reaction between oxytetracycline and copper. This chelation reaction might reduce the toxicity of oxytetracycline. The study on the dynamics of bacterial communities was based on the polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) method. Results indicated that the bacterial communities had significant differences under the different treatments of oxytetracycline and copper. Uncultured Bacteroidetes bacterium (CU922272.1) and uncultured Bacteroidetes bacterium (AB780945.1) showed adaptability to the different treatments of oxytetracycline and copper and were the dominant bacterial communities.
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Park JK, Chong YG, Tameda K, Lee NH. Methods for determining the methane generation potential and methane generation rate constant for the FOD model: a review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2018; 36:200-220. [PMID: 29415628 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x17753532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the first order decay (FOD) model of landfill methane generation, the methane generation potential ( L0) and methane generation rate constant ( k) for both bulk municipal solid waste (MSW) and individual waste components have been determined by a variety of approaches throughout various literature. Differences in the determination methods for L0 and k are related to differences in our understanding of the waste decomposition dynamics. A thorough understanding of the various available methods for determining L0 and k values is critical for comparative study and the drawing of valid conclusions. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the available determining methods and the ranges for L0 and k values of both bulk MSW and individual waste components, while focusing on understanding the decomposition of waste, including the role of lignin. L0 estimates in the literature are highly variable and have been derived from theoretical stoichiometric calculations, laboratory experiments, or actual field measurements. The lignin concentration in waste is correlated with the fraction of total degradable organic carbon (DOCf) that will actually anaerobically degrade in the landfill. The k value has been determined by precipitation rates, laboratory simulations, aged-defined waste sample, and model fitting or regression analysis using actual gas data. However, the lignin concentration does not correlate well with the k value, presumably due to the impact of lignin arrangement and structure on cellulose bioavailability and degradation rate. In sum, this review summarizes the literature on the measurement of L0 and k values, including the dynamics and decomposition of bulk MSW and individual waste components within landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyu Park
- 1 Ecowillplus Co., Ltd., Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Chong
- 2 Dreampark Establishment Department, Sudokwon Landfill Site Management Corporation, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuo Tameda
- 3 Graduate School of Engineering, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Nam-Hoon Lee
- 4 Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anyang University, Republic of Korea
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9
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Qian MY, Li RH, Li J, Wedwitschka H, Nelles M, Stinner W, Zhou HJ. Industrial scale garage-type dry fermentation of municipal solid waste to biogas. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 217:82-89. [PMID: 26970693 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study was to through monitoring the 1st industrial scale garage-type dry fermentation (GTDF) MSW biogas plant in Bin County, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China, to investigate its anaerobic digestion (AD) performance and the stability of process. After a monitoring period of 180days, the results showed that the volumetric biogas production of the digesters and percolate tank was 0.72 and 2.22m(3) (m(3)d)(-1), respectively, and the specific biogas yield of the feedstock was about 270m(3)CH4tVS(-1), which indicated that the GTDF is appropriate for the Chinese MSW. This paper also raised some problems aimed at improving the process stability and AD efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Qian
- Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum - Beijing (CUPB), No. 18, Fuxue Road, Changping District, Beijing 102200, China; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - R H Li
- Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum - Beijing (CUPB), No. 18, Fuxue Road, Changping District, Beijing 102200, China
| | - J Li
- Heilongjiang Longneng Weiye Environment and Technology Shares Co., LTD, Floor 17, Science & Technology Plaza, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - H Wedwitschka
- Biochemical Conversion Department, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gGmbH (DBFZ), Torgauer Straße 116, D-04347 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Nelles
- Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum - Beijing (CUPB), No. 18, Fuxue Road, Changping District, Beijing 102200, China; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany; Biochemical Conversion Department, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gGmbH (DBFZ), Torgauer Straße 116, D-04347 Leipzig, Germany
| | - W Stinner
- Biochemical Conversion Department, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gGmbH (DBFZ), Torgauer Straße 116, D-04347 Leipzig, Germany
| | - H J Zhou
- Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum - Beijing (CUPB), No. 18, Fuxue Road, Changping District, Beijing 102200, China.
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Clarke WP, Xie S, Patel M. Rapid digestion of shredded MSW by sequentially flooding and draining small landfill cells. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 55:12-21. [PMID: 26718389 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper compares the digestion of a packed bed of shredded municipal waste using a flood and drain regime against a control digestion of similarly prepared material using a trickle flow regime. All trials were performed on shallow (2m) beds of the sub-8cm fraction of shredded mixed MSW, encapsulated in a polyethylene bladder. The control cell (Cell 1) was loaded with 1974 tonnes shredded municipal waste and produced 76±9m(3) CH4dryt(-1) (45±2m(3) CH4 'as received't(-1)) over 200days in response to a daily recirculation of the leachate inventory which was maintained at 60m(3). The flood and drain operation was performed on two co-located cells (Cell 2 and Cell 3) that were loaded simultaneously with 1026 and 915 tonnes of the sub-8cm fraction of shredded mixed MSW, with a third empty cell used as a reservoir for 275m(3) of mature landfill leachate. Cell 2 was first digested in isolation by flooding and draining once per week to avoid excessive souring. Gas production from Cell 2 peaked and declined to a steady residual level in 150days. Cell 3 was flooded and drained for the first time 186days after the commencement of Cell 2, using the same inventory of leachate which was now exchanged between the cells, such that each cell was flooded and drained twice per week. Biogas production from Cell 3 commenced immediately with flooding, peaking and reducing to a residual level within 100days. The average CH4 yield from Cells 2 and 3 was 123±15m(3)dryt(-1) (92±2m(3) 'as received't(-1), equal to 95% of the long term (2month) BMP yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Clarke
- Centre for Solid Waste Bioprocessing, Schools of Civil and Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Sihuang Xie
- Centre for Solid Waste Bioprocessing, Schools of Civil and Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Miheka Patel
- Centre for Solid Waste Bioprocessing, Schools of Civil and Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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11
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Fei X, Zekkos D, Raskin L. Quantification of parameters influencing methane generation due to biodegradation of municipal solid waste in landfills and laboratory experiments. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 55:276-287. [PMID: 26525969 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The energy conversion potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposed of in landfills remains largely untapped because of the slow and variable rate of biogas generation, delayed and inefficient biogas collection, leakage of biogas, and landfill practices and infrastructure that are not geared toward energy recovery. A database consisting of methane (CH4) generation data, the major constituent of biogas, from 49 laboratory experiments and field monitoring data from 57 landfills was developed. Three CH4 generation parameters, i.e., waste decay rate (k), CH4 generation potential (L0), and time until maximum CH4 generation rate (tmax), were calculated for each dataset using U.S. EPA's Landfill Gas Emission Model (LandGEM). Factors influencing the derived parameters in laboratory experiments and landfills were investigated using multi-linear regression analysis. Total weight of waste (W) was correlated with biodegradation conditions through a ranked classification scheme. k increased with increasing percentage of readily biodegradable waste (Br0 (%)) and waste temperature, and reduced with increasing W, an indicator of less favorable biodegradation conditions. The values of k obtained in the laboratory were commonly significantly higher than those in landfills and those recommended by LandGEM. The mean value of L0 was 98 and 88L CH4/kg waste for laboratory and field studies, respectively, but was significantly affected by waste composition with ranges from 10 to 300L CH4/kg. tmax increased with increasing percentage of biodegradable waste (B0) and W. The values of tmax in landfills were higher than those in laboratory experiments or those based on LandGEM's recommended parameters. Enhancing biodegradation conditions in landfill cells has a greater impact on improving k and tmax than increasing B0. Optimizing the B0 and Br0 values of landfilled waste increases L0 and reduces tmax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunchang Fei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, United States
| | - Dimitrios Zekkos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, United States.
| | - Lutgarde Raskin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, United States
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12
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Gunaseelan VN. Biochemical methane potential, biodegradability, alkali treatment and influence of chemical composition on methane yield of yard wastes. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2016; 34:195-204. [PMID: 26790450 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x15622815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the biochemical CH4 potential, rate, biodegradability, NaOH treatment and the influence of chemical composition on CH4 yield of yard wastes generated from seven trees were examined. All the plant parts were sampled for their chemical composition and subjected to the biochemical CH4 potential assay. The component parts exhibited significant variation in biochemical CH4 potential, which was reflected in their ultimate CH4 yields that ranged from 109 to 382 ml g(-1) volatile solids added and their rate constants that ranged from 0.042 to 0.173 d(-1). The biodegradability of the yard wastes ranged from 0.26 to 0.86. Variation in the biochemical CH4 potential of the yard wastes could be attributed to variation in the chemical composition of the different fractions. In the Thespesia yellow withered leaf, Tamarindus fruit pericarp and Albizia pod husk, NaOH treatment enhanced the ultimate CH4 yields by 17%, 77% and 63%, respectively, and biodegradability by 15%, 77% and 61%, respectively, compared with the untreated samples. The effectiveness of NaOH treatment varied for different yard wastes, depending on the amounts of acid detergent fibre content. Gliricidia petals, Prosopis leaf, inflorescence and immature pod, Tamarindus seeds, Albizia seeds, Cassia seeds and Delonix seeds exhibited CH4 yields higher than 300 ml g(-1) volatile solids added. Multiple linear regression models for predicting the ultimate CH4 yield and biodegradability of yard wastes were designed from the results of this work.
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Zhang L, Sun X, Tian Y, Gong X. Effects of brown sugar and calcium superphosphate on the secondary fermentation of green waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 131:68-75. [PMID: 23340104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of green waste is increasing rapidly with population growth in China, and green waste is commonly treated by composting. The objective of this work was to study the physical and chemical characteristics of composted green waste as affected by a two-stage composting process and by the addition of brown sugar (at 0.0%, 0.5%, and 1%) and calcium superphosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O) (at 0%, 3%, and 6%) during the second stage. With or without these additives, all the composts displayed two peaks in fermentation temperature and matured in only 30days. Compared to traditional industrial composting, the composting method described here increased the duration of high-temperature fermentation period, reduced the maturity time, and reduced costs. Addition of 0.5% brown sugar plus 6% calcium superphosphate produced the highest quality compost with respect to C/N ratio, pH, organic matter content, electrical conductivity, particle-size distribution, and other characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Faculty of Soil and Water Conservation, Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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