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Steinbruch E, Singh S, Mosseri M, Epstein M, Kribus A, Gozin M, Drabik D, Golberg A. Waste animal fat with hydrothermal liquefaction as a potential route to marine biofuels. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16504. [PMID: 38130924 PMCID: PMC10734409 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Unused animal waste rendered fat is a potential feedstock for marine biofuels. In this work, bio-oil was generated using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of nitrogen-free and low sulfur rendered bovine fat. Maximum bio-oil yield of 28 ± 1.5% and high heating value of 38.5 ± 0.16 MJ·kg‒1 was obtained at 330 °C at 50% animal fat solid load and 20 min retention time. The nitrogen and sulfur content were negligible, making the produced bio-oil useful marine biofuel, taking into account current stringent regulations on NOx and SOx emissions. The economic analysis of the process, where part of the bovine fat waste is converted to the bio-oil and the semi-solid residues can be used to supply the heat demand of the HTL process and alternately generate electricity, showed that our process is likely to generate a positive profit margin on a large scale. We also showed the growing economic importance of electricity in the revenues as commercial production becomes more energy efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraim Steinbruch
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Siddaq Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Mosseri
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Epstein
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Kribus
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Gozin
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Advanced Combustion Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dušan Drabik
- Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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Alagöz O, Yılmaz N, Dilek M. Obtaining bio-oil and activated carbon from waste pomegranate peels by pyrolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:115037-115049. [PMID: 37880403 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to produce beneficial products with pomegranate peel waste through pyrolysis. For this purpose, the usability of the liquid product as a biofuel and the solid product as an adsorbent for dye removal was investigated. To characterize the bio-oil and biochar produced under the best pyrolysis conditions, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), calorific value, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were conducted. When we examine the FT-IR spectrum of the bio-oil, the presence of phenol, alcohol, ketone, and aldehyde groups is seen in the structure. The GC-MS analysis demonstrated that phenol content was 27.9%, aldehyde content was 19%, acid compound content was 18.28%, ketone content was 8.7%, and aromatic compound content was 8.4%. The lower calorific value of bio-oil was determined as 27.33 MJ/kg. It was observed that activated carbon produced from biochar at a 3:1 KOH/biochar impregnation ratio and a carbonization temperature of 800 °C exhibited the highest surface area (1307 m2/g). In adsorption analysis, it was observed that the adsorption efficiency was higher at pH 9 and 35 °C and with 150 ppm initial concentration. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were determined, and the high R2 (0.99) was consistent with the Langmuir methylene blue (MB) adsorption model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Alagöz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Nazan Yılmaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Meltem Dilek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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3
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Banchapattanasakda W, Asavatesanupap C, Santikunaporn M. Conversion of Waste Cooking Oil into Bio-Fuel via Pyrolysis Using Activated Carbon as a Catalyst. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083590. [PMID: 37110822 PMCID: PMC10143333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of activated carbon (AC) as a catalyst for a lab-scale pyrolysis process to convert waste cooking oil (WCO) into more valuable hydrocarbon fuels is described. The pyrolysis process was performed with WCO and AC in an oxygen-free batch reactor at room pressure. The effects of process temperature and activated carbon dosage (the AC to WCO ratio) on the yield and composition are discussed systematically. The direct pyrolysis experimental results showed that WCO pyrolyzed at 425 °C yielded 81.7 wt.% bio-oil. When AC was used as a catalyst, a temperature of 400 °C and 1:40 AC:WCO ratio were the optimum conditions for the maximum hydrocarbon bio-oil yield of 83.5 and diesel-like fuel of 45 wt.%, investigated by boiling point distribution. Compared to bio-diesel and diesel properties, bio-oil has a high calorific value (40.20 kJ/g) and a density of 899 kg/m3, which are within the bio-diesel standard range, thus demonstrating its potential use as a liquid bio-fuel after certain upgradation processes. The study revealed that the optimum AC dosage promoted the thermal cracking of WCO at a reduced process temperature with a higher yield and improved quality compared to noncatalytic bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Channarong Asavatesanupap
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Malee Santikunaporn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Ismail IS, Othman MFH, Rashidi NA, Yusup S. Recent progress on production technologies of food waste-based biochar and its fabrication method as electrode materials in energy storage application. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2023; 13:1-17. [PMID: 36683845 PMCID: PMC9842499 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-023-03763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of food waste across the globe has called for the mitigation and reduction of these discarded wastes. Herein, the potential of biochar derived from food waste is unquestionable as it provides a sustainable way of utilizing the abundance of available biomass, as well as an effective way of preserving the ecosystem through the reduction of concerning environmental issues. This review focuses on the food waste-based biochar as advanced electrode materials in the energy storage devices. Efforts have been made to present and discuss the current exploration of the food waste utilization, along with the biochar production technologies through thermochemical conversion, including combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis method. Finding its limitation in literatures, discussion on the food waste-based biochar fabrication method as the electrode materials is elaborated, alongside the current food waste-based biochar that has been explored in the energy application thus far. Towards the end, the outlook and perspective on the further development of food waste-based biochar have been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan Syafiqah Ismail
- Chemical Engineering Department, Higher Institution of Center of Excellence (HICoE): Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Farhan Haqeem Othman
- Chemical Engineering Department, Higher Institution of Center of Excellence (HICoE): Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Nor Adilla Rashidi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Higher Institution of Center of Excellence (HICoE): Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Yusup
- Generation Unit (Fuel & Combustion), TNB Research Sdn. Bhd., No 1, Kawasan Institusi Penyelidikan, Jalan Ayer Hitam, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
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Sofiah A, Samykano M, Shahabuddin S, Pandey A, Kadirgama K, Said Z, Sudhakar K. Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles as additives in RBD palm olein: Experimental analysis and mathematical modelling. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Zaharioiu AM, Şandru C, Ionete EI, Marin F, Ionete RE, Soare A, Constantinescu M, Bucura F, Niculescu VC. Eco-Friendly Alternative Disposal through the Pyrolysis Process of Meat and Bone Meal. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6593. [PMID: 36233935 PMCID: PMC9572508 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The capitalization of agri-food waste is essential for the sustainability of a circular economy. This work focuses on a solution to eliminate such waste, meat and bone meal (MBM), which is produced in large quantities by the food industry and is prohibited for use as animal feed under the European directives. Therefore, with the focus of converting waste to energy, the catalytic pyrolysis of MBM in the presence of mesoporous silica nanocatalysts (SBA-3 and SBA-16 materials and metallic derivates) was investigated in a home-made reactor for the production of renewable energy. The mesoporous silica materials were synthesized using relatively simple methods and then characterized in order to determine their morpho-structural characteristics. The MBM pyrolysis behavior under different experimental conditions was examined in detail, both in the presence and absence of the new catalysts. The resulting MBM-based pyrolysis products, MBMPYOILs and MBMPYGASs, were also assessed as potential alternative fuels, highlighting comparable energy values to conventional fuels. The outcomes of this investigation offer a potential pathway to the clean production of gas and oil, thus promoting the high-grade utilization of MBM waste.
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Improving Fuel Properties and Hydrocarbon Content from Residual Fat Pyrolysis Vapors over Activated Red Mud Pellets in Two-Stage Reactor: Optimization of Reaction Time and Catalyst Content. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15155595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic upgrading of vapors from pyrolysis of triglycerides materials is a promising approach to achieve better conversions of hydrocarbons and production of liquid biofuels. Catalytic cracking often shows incomplete conversion due to distillation of initial reaction products and the addition of a second catalytic reactor, whereas pyrolytic vapors are made in contact to a solid catalyst was applied to improve the physical-chemical properties and quality of bio-oil. This work investigated the effect of catalyst content and reaction time by catalytic upgrading from pyrolysis vapors of residual fat at 450 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, on the yields of reaction products, physicochemical properties (density, kinematic viscosity, refractive index, and acid value), and chemical composition of organic liquid products (OLP), over a catalyst fixed bed reactor, in semi pilot scale. Pellets of red mud chemically activated with 1.0 M HCl were used as catalysts. The thermal catalytic cracking of residual fat show OLP yields from 54.4 to 84.88 (wt.%), aqueous phase yields between 2.21 and 2.80 (wt.%), solid phase yields (coke) between 1.30 and 8.60 (wt.%), and gas yields from 11.61 to 34.22 (wt.%). The yields of OLP increases with catalyst content while those of aqueous, gaseous and solid phase decreases. For all experiments, the density, kinematic viscosity, and acid value of OLP decreases with reaction time. The GC-MS of liquid reaction products identified the presence of hydrocarbons and oxygenates. In addition, the hydrocarbon content in OLP increases with reaction time, while those of oxygenates decrease, reaching concentrations of hydrocarbons up to 95.35% (area.). The best results for the physicochemical properties and the maximum hydrocarbon content in OLP were obtained at 450 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, using a catalyst fixed bed reactor, with 5.0% (wt.) red mud pellets activated with 1.0 M HCl as catalyst.
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Sustainable Asphalt Rejuvenation by Using Waste Tire Rubber Mixed with Waste Oils. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Waste materials such as waste tire rubber (WTR), waste cooking oil (WCO), bio-oils, waste engine oil (WEO), and other waste oils have been the subject of various scientific studies in the sustainable and waste research field. The current environmental concerns have been identified to protect natural resources and reuse waste materials. Accordingly, this work reviews the use of recycled waste tire rubber mixed with waste oils (waste cooking oil, waste engine oil) and bio-oils that can be extracted from waste oils to rejuvenate asphalt in reclaimed pavements. This new solution may reduce the massive amounts of WTR and waste oils and produce a more environmentally sustainable material. Reclaimed, aged asphalt has been rejuvenated to achieve various penetration capabilities and properties by blending asphalt with one or more waste materials to evaluate the binder using standard tests. Many solutions with promising results in improving the properties of asphalt mixtures have been selected for further characterization. This review highlights that the addition of WTR and waste materials to rejuvenated asphalt binders improves stability, enhances the viscoelastic properties, provides better fatigue and crack resistance performance, and enhances the compatibility of the rejuvenated rubber oil asphalt. Moreover, the flashing point, softening point, ductility, and penetration of aged asphalt and Poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene)-rubber-rejuvenated and waste-rubber-oil-rejuvenated asphalt were enhanced after applying the rejuvenator compound. On the other hand, adding waste oil to WTR and asphalt reduces the viscosity and enhances the storage stability compared to the asphalt rubber binder.
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Varjani S, Shahbeig H, Popat K, Patel Z, Vyas S, Shah AV, Barceló D, Hao Ngo H, Sonne C, Shiung Lam S, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M. Sustainable management of municipal solid waste through waste-to-energy technologies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 355:127247. [PMID: 35490955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and environmental concerns have sparked global interest in waste valorization through various waste-to-energy (WtE) to generate renewable energy sources and reduce dependency on fossil-derived fuels and chemicals. These technologies are vital for implementing the envisioned global "bioeconomy" through biorefineries. In light of that, a detailed overview of WtE technologies with their benefits and drawbacks is provided in this paper. Additionally, the biorefinery concept for waste management and sustainable energy generation is discussed. The identification of appropriate WtE technology for energy recovery continues to be a significant challenge. So, in order to effectively apply WtE technologies in the burgeoning bioeconomy, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing scenario for sustainable MSW management along with the bottlenecks and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India.
| | - Hossein Shahbeig
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Kartik Popat
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India; Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Knowledge Corridor, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India
| | - Zeel Patel
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India; Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Shaili Vyas
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India; Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382015, India
| | - Anil V Shah
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Christian Sonne
- Arhus University, Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Su G, Ong HC, Mofijur M, Mahlia TMI, Ok YS. Pyrolysis of waste oils for the production of biofuels: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127396. [PMID: 34673394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of waste oils as pyrolysis feedstocks to produce high-grade biofuels is receiving extensive attention, which will diversify energy supplies and address environmental challenges caused by waste oils treatment and fossil fuel combustion. Waste oils are the optimal raw materials to produce biofuels due to their high hydrogen and volatile matter content. However, traditional disposal methods such as gasification, transesterification, hydrotreating, solvent extraction, and membrane technology are difficult to achieve satisfactory effects owing to shortcomings like enormous energy demand, long process time, high operational cost, and hazardous material pollution. The usage of clean and safe pyrolysis technology can break through the current predicament. The bio-oil produced by the conventional pyrolysis of waste oils has a high yield and HHV with great potential to replace fossil fuel, but contains a high acid value of about 120 mg KOH/g. Nevertheless, the application of CaO and NaOH can significantly decrease the acid value of bio-oil to close to zero. Additionally, the addition of coexisting bifunctional catalyst, SBA-15@MgO@Zn in particular, can simultaneously reduce the acid value and positively influence the yield and quality of bio-oil. Moreover, co-pyrolysis with plastic waste can effectively save energy and time, and improve bio-oil yield and quality. Consequently, this paper presents a critical and comprehensive review of the production of biofuels using conventional and advanced pyrolysis of waste oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Centre for Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
| | - M Mofijur
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - T M Indra Mahlia
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Centre, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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Mozhiarasi V, Natarajan TS. Slaughterhouse and poultry wastes: management practices, feedstocks for renewable energy production, and recovery of value added products. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022:1-24. [PMID: 35194536 PMCID: PMC8830992 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-02352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The slaughterhouse and poultry industry is possibly one of the fastest-growing sectors driven by the increasing demand in food availability. Subsequently, the wastes produced from the slaughterhouse and poultry industry are in huge quantities, which could be a promising resource for the recovery of value added products, and bioenergy production to minimize the dependence on fossil fuels. Furthermore, the wastes from slaughterhouses and poultry are a hub of pathogens that is capable of infecting humans and animals. This demands the emerging need for an effective and safe disposal method to reduce the spread of diseases following animal slaughtering. In light of that, the state of the production of slaughterhouse and poultry wastes was presented at first. Following this, the impact of solid waste exposure in terms of air, water, and soil pollution and the associated health challenges due to improper solid waste management practices were presented to highlight the importance of the topic. Secondly, the potency of these solid wastes and the various waste-to-energy technologies that have been employed for effective management and resource utilization of wastes generated from slaughterhouses and poultry were reviewed in detail. Finally, this review also highlights the opportunities and challenges associated with effective solid waste management, future requirements for the development of effective technologies for the recovery of value added products (like keratin, fibreboards), and biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velusamy Mozhiarasi
- CLRI Regional Centre, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Punjab Jalandhar, 144021 India
| | - Thillai Sivakumar Natarajan
- Environmental Science Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Chennai, 600020 Tamil Nadu India
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Evaluation of Thermochemical Characteristics and Pyrolysis of Fish Processing Waste for Renewable Energy Feedstock. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The necessity of energy is continuously increasing, whereas fossil fuel sources are gradually depleting. To mitigate this problem, fish processing waste of the bluespotted stingray (Neotrygon kuhlii), available in the Borneo region, was investigated for an alternative feedstock of bioenergy production. The fish wastes are hazardous for the environment, whereas the biodiesel from fish waste is pollution-free and produces less contaminant gas and carbon dioxide than fossil fuel. From the proximate analysis, the moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash content of the fish waste were achieved as 4.88%, 63.80%, 15.03%, and 16.29%, respectively. The proportion of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen was found as 42.06%, 5.99%, 10.77%, 0.91%, and 40.27%, respectively, from the ultimate analysis. The calorific value was 21.53 MJ/kg, which would be highly effective in biofuel production. The morphology analysis results of the biomass are favorable for renewable energy sources. The major bondage between carbon and hydrogen and oxygen was found using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry revealed that the highest weight loss occurred at 352 °C temperature with a decomposition rate of 4.57 wt.%/min in pyrolysis circumstances, and at 606 °C temperature with a decomposition rate of 3.77 wt.%/min in combustion conditions. In the pyrolysis process for 25 °C/min heating rate, the yield of biochar, bio-oil, and bio-syngas was found as 33.96, 29.34, 23.46% at 400 °C, 47.72, 49.32, 33.87% at 500 °C, and 18.32, 21.34, 42.37% at 600 °C, respectively. The characteristics and pyrolysis yields of fish waste are suitable for being an effective renewable energy source.
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Advancements in the Conversion of Lipid-Rich Biowastes and Lignocellulosic Residues into High-Quality Road and Jet Biofuels Using Nanomaterials as Catalysts. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the majority of available road and jet biofuels are produced from oleochemical feedstocks that include vegetable oils and biowastes such as waste cooking oils and animal fats. Additionally, one of the most promising ways to achieve long-term environmental goals is to sustainably use lignocellulosic residues. These resources must be treated through a deoxygenation process and subsequent upgrading processes to obtain high-quality road and jet biofuels. Accordingly, in this review, we explore recent advancements in the deoxygenation of oleochemical and lignocellulosic feedstocks in the absence of hydrogen to produce high-quality road and jet biofuels, mainly focusing on the use of nanomaterials as catalysts and the valorization of lipid-rich biowastes and lignocellulosic residues. As a result, we found that regardless of the catalyst particle size, the coexistence of basic sites and weak/medium acid sites is highly important in catalytic systems. Basic sites can enhance the removal of oxygenates via decarboxylation and decarbonylation reactions and inhibit coke formation, while weak/medium acid sites can enhance the cracking reaction. Additionally, the extraction of value-added derivatives from lignocellulosic residues and their subsequent upgrade require the use of advanced methods such as the lignin-first approach and condensation reactions.
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14
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Londoño Feria JM, Nausa Galeano GA, Malagón-Romero DH. Production of Bio‐Oil from Waste Cooking Oil by Pyrolysis. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Chowdhury H, Barua P, Chowdhury T, Hossain N, Islam R, Sait SM, Salam B. Synthesis of biodiesel from chicken skin waste: an economic and environmental biofuel feedstock in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:37679-37688. [PMID: 33723785 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the dominating meat supply industries, the poultry chicken sector, is facing waste management concerns worldwide. Due to high oil content containment, biofuel researchers emphasized poultry waste as abundant, cheap, and high-quality feedstock for biodiesel production. Therefore, in the current study, an experimental investigation of biodiesel production from wasted chicken skin through the transesterification process has been performed. The chicken skin used in this study for biodiesel production can be used as the potential waste source for biodiesel production worldwide. Techno-economic, environmental, and sustainability analyses were also performed. During the synthesis, the reaction was conducted with potassium hydroxide (KOH), and the process yielded 48% biodiesel. The cost of electricity for providing electricity is estimated at US$0.575 per kWh when an auto-sized generator has been fueled by biodiesel. The environmental and substantiality analysis found that biodiesel is more suitable than conventional diesel as an environmentally friendly and sustainable fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemal Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Kaptai Highway, Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Pranta Barua
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Kaptai Highway, Chittagong, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Tamal Chowdhury
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Kaptai Highway, Chittagong, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Nazia Hossain
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, 128 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| | - Rabiul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Kaptai Highway, Chittagong, 4349, Bangladesh
| | | | - Bodius Salam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Kaptai Highway, Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
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Modeling and Optimization of Biochar Based Adsorbent Derived from Kenaf Using Response Surface Methodology on Adsorption of Cd2+. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is one of the most hazardous metals in the environment, even when present at very low concentrations. This study reports the systematic development of Kenaf fiber biochar as an adsorbent for the removal of cadmium (Cd) (II) ions from water. The adsorbent development was aided by an optimization tool. Activated biochar was prepared using the physicochemical activation method, consisting of pre-impregnation with NaOH and nitrogen (N2) pyrolysis. The influence of the preparation parameters—namely, chemical impregnation (NaOH: KF), pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis time on biochar yield, removal rate, and the adsorption capacity of Cd (II) ions—was investigated. From the experimental data, some quadratic correlation models were developed according to the central composite design. All models demonstrated a good fit with the experimental data. The experimental results revealed that the pyrolysis temperature and heating time were the main factors that affected the yield of biochar and had a positive effect on the Cd (II) ions’ removal rate and adsorption capacity. The impregnation ratio also showed a positive effect on the specific surface area of the biochar, removal rate, and adsorption capacity of cadmium, with a negligible effect on the biochar yield. The optimal biochar-based adsorbent was obtained under the following conditions: 550 °C of pyrolysis temperature, 180 min of heating time, and a 1:1 NaOH impregnation ratio. The optimum adsorbent showed 28.60% biochar yield, 69.82% Cd (II) ions removal, 23.48 mg/g of adsorption capacity, and 160.44 m2/g of biochar-specific area.
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Trabelsi ABH, Zaafouri K, Friaa A, Abidi S, Naoui S, Jamaaoui F. Municipal sewage sludge energetic conversion as a tool for environmental sustainability: production of innovative biofuels and biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9777-9791. [PMID: 33156501 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, municipal sewage sludge (MSS) is converted simultaneously into renewable biofuels (bio-oil, syngas) and high value-added products (biochar) using a fixed bed pyrolyzer. This work examines the combined effect of two factors: final pyrolysis temperature (°C) and MSS moisture content (%) on pyrogenic product yields and characteristics. A centered composite experimental design (CCD) is established for pyrolysis process optimization by adopting the response surface methodology (RSM). The statistical results indicate that the optimal conditions considering all studied factors and responses are 550 °C as final pyrolysis temperature and 15% as MSS moisture content. In these optimal conditions, biofuels yield is around 48 wt%, whereas biochar yield is about 52 wt%. The pyrolysis products characterizations reveal that (i) pyrolytic oil has a complex molecular composition rich with n-alkanes, n-alkenes, carboxylic acids, and aromatic compounds; (ii) bio-oil presents a high-energy content (high heating value HHV around 30.6 MJ/kg); (iii) syngas mixture has a good calorific value (HHV up to 8 MJ/kg), which could be used as renewable energy vector or for pyrolysis reactor heating; and (iv) biochar residue has good aliphatic and oxygenated group contents favoring its application as biofertilizer. These findings suggest that MSS conversion into biofuels and biochar is an appropriate approach for MSS treatment. MSS-to-energy could be proposed as an element for circular economy concept due to its effectiveness in producing high value-added and sustainable products and reducing environmental problems linked to MSS disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïda Ben Hassen Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Management and Waste Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), B.P. 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Kaouther Zaafouri
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LETMi), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Carthage University, 2 Boulevard de la terre, BP 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Athar Friaa
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Management and Waste Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), B.P. 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Samira Abidi
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Management and Waste Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), B.P. 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Slim Naoui
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Management and Waste Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), B.P. 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Faycel Jamaaoui
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Management and Waste Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), B.P. 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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18
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Maciel STA, Reis JHC, da Silva GF, dos Santos Freitas L. Bio-oil production from Moringa oleifera Lam. residue through fixed-bed pyrolysis. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-020-00081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the technical viability of glycerol/fat co-gasification. The gasification performance was studied in a downflow fixed bed reactor using activated alumina particles as bed material and steam as oxidizing agent. The effect of gasification temperature, from 800 to 950 °C was studied with a feed mixture with 10% (w/w) of animal fat. The influence of fat incorporation on the feedstock in the overall gasification process was also performed, using 3% (w/w) and 5% (w/w) of fat in feed mixtures. Samples of dry gas from the gasifier were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography in order to determine the CO, CO2, CH4, and H2 content. The best results were obtained using the highest tested temperature, 950 °C, and using 3% (w/w) of animal fat in the feed mixture. The overall results revealed that the co-gasification of glycerol/animal fat mixtures seems to be a feasible technical option.
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20
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Wang H, Ma Z, Chen X, Mohd Hasan MR. Preparation process of bio-oil and bio-asphalt, their performance, and the application of bio-asphalt: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtte.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Qin J, Wang C, Li X, Jiao Y, Li X, Qian H. Turning sewage sludge into sintering fuel based on the pyrolysis I: lipid content and residual metal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26912-26924. [PMID: 31302887 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of pyrolysis to produce oil from sludge by the evaporation-condensation process is a promising technique. However, the resulting lipids are prone to be acidized under exposure to oxygen, which can affect their quality and use. To eliminate the need for this oil separation process, the present work uses blended pyrolysis to preserve the oil in the char and to prevent it from deteriorating. At the same time, metals are eliminated to a secure level of combustion emissions. The sludge was pyrolyzed into a sintering fuel through blended pyrolysis with SiO2, Al2O3, and sand. These materials are the main components of the sintered ceramsite obtained. Therefore, the influence of these substances and residence time on lipid formation and metal residue in the char were investigated. Non-blended pyrolysis required a 40-min duration, whereas sand-pyrolysis required 10 min to achieve the same yield. The concentration of C16:0 produced by blended pyrolysis with sand reached 2177 mg kg-1, which is 57% higher than that of non-blended pyrolysis. Blended pyrolysis with SiO2 required at least 20 min to immobilize As metal. In summary, blended pyrolysis simplifies the process, reduces time, and produces char with lipid-rich and low metal leaching, which can be used as a sintering fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Qin
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, No 89, Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changzhao Wang
- Xi'an Customs District P.R. China, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, No 89, Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Jiao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, No 89, Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, No 89, Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the Ecological Effect and Groundwater in Arid Areas, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, People's Republic of China
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22
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Dai L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Ruan R, Yu Z, Jiang L. Comparative study on characteristics of the bio-oil from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of lignocellulose and triacylglycerol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:95-100. [PMID: 30597473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of Camellia oleifera shell (COS) and stillingia oil (SO) was performed in the temperature range of 400-600 °C. The effects of feedstock and pyrolysis temperatures on product yield and bio-oil composition were discussed in detail. The bio-oil yield from COS pyrolysis varied from 37.30 wt% to 40.27 wt%, which was 11.32 wt% to 21.62 wt% lower than that from SO pyrolysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that SO bio-oil was rich in hydrocarbons, whereas COS pyrolysis produced mainly oxygen-containing compounds predominantly comprising phenols and acids. Fourier transform infrared and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed significant differences in the chemical structure of bio-oils from COS and SO pyrolysis. Elemental-composition and physical-property analyses further revealed that SO bio-oils were similar to gasoline and heavy fuel oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Zhenting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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Stedile T, Beims RF, Ender L, Scharf DR, Simionatto EL, Meier HF, Wiggers VR. EVALUATION OF DISTILLATION CURVES FOR BIO-OIL OBTAINED FROM THERMAL CRACKING OF WASTE COOKING OIL. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190361s20170466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L. Ender
- Universidade de Blumenau, Brasil
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24
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Ma Q, Song W, Wang R, Zou J, Yang R, Zhang S. Physicochemical properties of biochar derived from anaerobically digested dairy manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 79:729-734. [PMID: 30343805 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biochar was produced from anaerobically digested dairy manure under different processing temperatures (300, 600 and 1000 °C). The process could transform the biomass waste to high-value-added biochar products in high efficiency as well as reduce the manure biological pollution to the environment. By the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) two kinetic models (FWO and Starink) were used to evaluate the activation energy. The biochar was studied for its surface area and pore size, chemical functionality, and crystalline structure by BET analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). More porous and channel structures were observed under higher temperature and inert gas atmosphere, as characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biochar with tunable physicochemical properties that was produced under different temperatures may be used for soil amendment or other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510641, China; Plant Micro/Nano Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, CN 100083, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, CN 100083, China
| | - Ruibin Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, Center of Emerging Material and Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510006, China
| | - Jie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510641, China; Plant Micro/Nano Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China
| | - Rendang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510641, China; Plant Micro/Nano Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN 510640, China.
| | - Shuangbao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, CN 100083, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, CN 100083, China.
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25
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Dong R, Zhao M, Xia W, Yi X, Dai P, Tang N. Chemical and microscopic investigation of co-pyrolysis of crumb tire rubber with waste cooking oil at mild temperature. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 79:516-525. [PMID: 30343783 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Approximate rubber/bitumen homogeneous system formed by desulfurization and degradation of crumb tire rubber in bitumen under high temperature is beneficial to enhance the storage stability of rubberized bitumen. However, the main problems during the processing of desulfurized and degraded rubberized bitumen are aging caused by volatilization of light components, and burning or explosion due to the direct utilization of low flash point bitumen. Therefore, waste cooking oil was proposed as a safer medium to desulfurize and degrade crumb rubber prior to production of rubberized bitumen. This study focused on the feasibility and effectiveness of the application of waste cooking oil in desulfurizing and degrading rubber particles through co-pyrolysis of them at mild temperature (240-280 °C). Chemical and microscopic analyses were performed to investigate the structural changes of vulcanized rubber. Results showed that solubility of rubber powder reached above 60 wt% after pyrolysis in waste cooking oil, which increased with higher temperatures and more of oil, while increased to a maximum at 2 h and then decreased with the extension of time. The rubber hydrocarbon content decreased greatly, and dramatic reduction of carbon, hydrogen and sulfur elements happened according to component and elemental analyses. The surface of pyrolysis product was even and smooth without obvious rubber particles. The grooves and cavities of rubber residues in scanning electron microscopy micrographs proved that shedding of degraded polymer molecules occurred. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that breakage of carbon-sulfur, carbon=carbon and sulfur=oxygen bonds took place during pyrolysis, with appearance of natural rubber characteristic peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruikun Dong
- Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, China; School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Mengzhen Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Weiwei Xia
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xingyu Yi
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Panteng Dai
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Naipeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, China; School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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26
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Yin Y, Gao Y, Li A. Self-activation of biochar from furfural residues by recycled pyrolysis gas. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 77:312-321. [PMID: 29678495 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biochar samples with controllable specific surface area and mesopore ratio were self-activated from furfural residues by recycled pyrolysis gas. The objective of this study was to develop a new cyclic utilization method for the gas produced by pyrolysis. The influences of preparation parameters on the resulting biochar were studied by varying the pyrolysis-gas flow rate, activation time and temperature. Structural characterization of the produced biochar was performed by analysis of nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The pyrolysis gas compositions before and after activation were determined by a gas chromatograph. The results indicated that the surface area of the biochar was increased from 167 m2/g to 567 m2/g, the total pore volume increased from 0.121 cm3/g to 0.380 cm3/g, and the ratio of the mesopore pore volume to the total pore volume increased 17-39.7%. The CO volume fraction of the pyrolysis gas changed from 34.66 to 62.29% and the CO2 volume fraction decreased from 48.26% to 12.17% under different conditions of pyrolysis-gas flow rate, activation time and temperature. The calorific values of pyrolysis gas changed from 8.82 J/cm3 to 14.00 J/cm3, which were higher than those of conventional pyrolysis gases. The slower pyrolysis-gas flow rate and higher activation time increased the efficiency of the reaction between carbon and pyrolysis gas. These results demonstrated the feasibility of treatment of the furfural residues to produce microporous and mesoporous biochar. The pyrolysis gas that results from the activation process could be used as fuel. Overall, this new self-activation method meets the development requirements of cyclic economy and cleaner production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Leon M, Garcia AN, Marcilla A, Martinez-Castellanos I, Navarro R, Catala L. Thermochemical conversion of animal by-products and rendering products. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 73:447-463. [PMID: 28826808 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a preliminary study of the characterization of real waste from slaughterhouses as well as their rendering products (protein and fat) through different pyrolytic techniques: thermogravimetric analysis (TG), analytical pyrolysis in a pyroprobe equipment and hydrothermal liquefaction process (HTL). The experiments have allowed a deeper knowledge about the thermal behavior of these wastes under different conditions: slow pyrolysis up to 800°C (TG), flash pyrolysis at 500°C and room pressure (pyroprobe) and slow pyrolysis at 290°C and 110-130bar (HTL batch reactor). Experiments with each one of the materials (real waste, PAP and fat) as well as some mixtures have been performed. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques were used to identify the pyrolytic products obtained. The results indicate that fatty acids and fatty esters are the major group obtained in the pyrolysis of fat samples, followed by aliphatic hydrocarbons. In the case of PAP pyrolysis, heterocyclic aromatic compounds, which includes typical products coming from protein degradation, is the major group obtained. Oxygenated aliphatics are also obtained in high amounts. In the case of the HTL experiments, significant glycerine amounts were detected in the aqueous phase. The yield of biocrude obtained under HTL conditions is about 30%, with a high proportion of nitrogenated compounds (amides, pyrrole and pyridine derivatives). Generation of amides is much higher under HTL conditions than in the analytical pyrolysis runs while the proportion of acids is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Leon
- Ap. Correus 99, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Angela Nuria Garcia
- Ap. Correus 99, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Ap. Correus 99, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Navarro
- Ap. Correus 99, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Lucía Catala
- Ap. Correus 99, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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Bensidhom G, Ben Hassen-Trabelsi A, Alper K, Sghairoun M, Zaafouri K, Trabelsi I. Pyrolysis of Date palm waste in a fixed-bed reactor: Characterization of pyrolytic products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:363-369. [PMID: 28954249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis of several Tunisian Date Palm Wastes (DPW): Date Palm Rachis (DPR), Date Palm Leaflets (DPL), Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) and Date Palm Glaich (DPG) was run using a fixed-bed reactor, from room temperature to 500°C, with 15°C/min as heating rate and -5°C as condensation temperature, in order to produce bio-oil, biochar and syngas. In these conditions, the bio-oil yield ranges from 17.03wt% for DPL to 25.99wt% for EFB. For the biochar, the highest yield (36.66wt%) was obtained for DPL and the lowest one (31.66wt%) was obtained from DPG while the syngas production varies from 39.10wt% for DPR to 46.31wt% DPL. The raw material and pyrolysis products have been characterized using elemental analysis thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The syngas composition has been characterized using gas analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gmar Bensidhom
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Control and Waste : Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Centre of Energy (CRTEn), Borj-Cedria Technopark, BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Aïda Ben Hassen-Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Wind Energy Control and Waste : Energy Recovery (LMEEVED), Research and Technology Centre of Energy (CRTEn), Borj-Cedria Technopark, BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Koray Alper
- Department of Chemistry, Karabük University, 78050 Karabük, Turkey
| | - Maher Sghairoun
- Laboratory of Dry land Farming and Oasis Cropping, Arid Regions Institute, BP 32, KEBILi, Tunisia
| | - Kaouther Zaafouri
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, LETMi-INSAT, The National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology INSAT, Carthage University, 2 Boulevard de la terre, BP 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment and Recycling, Research and Technology Center of Water, BP 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
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Aboulkas A, Hammani H, El Achaby M, Bilal E, Barakat A, El Harfi K. Valorization of algal waste via pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor: Production and characterization of bio-oil and bio-char. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:400-408. [PMID: 28688323 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to develop processes for the production of bio-oil and bio-char from algae waste using the pyrolysis at controlled conditions. The pyrolysis was carried out at different temperatures 400-600°C and different heating rates 5-50°C/min. The algal waste, bio-oil and bio-char were successfully characterized using Elemental analysis, Chemical composition, TGA, FTIR, 1H NMR, GC-MS and SEM. At a temperature of 500°C and a heating rate of 10°C/min, the maximum yield of bio-oil and bio-char was found to be 24.10 and 44.01wt%, respectively, which was found to be strongly influenced by the temperature variation, and weakly affected by the heating rate variation. Results show that the bio-oil cannot be used as bio-fuel, but can be used as a source of value-added chemicals. On the other hand, the bio-char is a promising candidate for solid fuel applications and for the production of carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aboulkas
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche des Sciences et Techniques, Faculté polydisciplinaire de Béni-Mellal, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, BP 592, 23000 Béni-Mellal, Morocco; IATE, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, Université de Montpelier, 34060 Montpellier, France; Materials Science and Nanoengineering Department, Mohamed 6 Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay MoulayRachid, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco.
| | - H Hammani
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche des Sciences et Techniques, Faculté polydisciplinaire de Béni-Mellal, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, BP 592, 23000 Béni-Mellal, Morocco; Univ Hassan 1, Laboratoire de Chimie et Modélisation Mathématique, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - M El Achaby
- Materials Science and Nanoengineering Department, Mohamed 6 Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay MoulayRachid, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco
| | - E Bilal
- R&D OCP, OCP Group, Complexe industriel Jorf Lasfar. BP 118 El Jadida, Morocco
| | - A Barakat
- IATE, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, Université de Montpelier, 34060 Montpellier, France; Materials Science and Nanoengineering Department, Mohamed 6 Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay MoulayRachid, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco
| | - K El Harfi
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche des Sciences et Techniques, Faculté polydisciplinaire de Béni-Mellal, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, BP 592, 23000 Béni-Mellal, Morocco
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Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production from Gasification and Pyrolysis of Solar Dried Sewage Sludge: Experimental and Modeling Investigations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7831470. [PMID: 28856162 PMCID: PMC5569640 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7831470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Solar dried sewage sludge (SS) conversion by pyrolysis and gasification processes has been performed, separately, using two laboratory-scale reactors, a fixed-bed pyrolyzer and a downdraft gasifier, to produce mainly hydrogen-rich syngas. Prior to SS conversion, solar drying has been conducted in order to reduce moisture content (up to 10%). SS characterization reveals that these biosolids could be appropriate materials for gaseous products production. The released gases from SS pyrolysis and gasification present relatively high heating values (up to 9.96 MJ/kg for pyrolysis and 8.02 9.96 MJ/kg for gasification) due to their high contents of H2 (up to 11 and 7 wt%, resp.) and CH4 (up to 17 and 5 wt%, resp.). The yields of combustible gases (H2 and CH4) show further increase with pyrolysis. Stoichiometric models of both pyrolysis and gasification reactions were determined based on the global biomass formula, CαHβOγNδSε, in order to assist in the products yields optimization.
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Kraiem T, Hassen AB, Belayouni H, Jeguirim M. Production and characterization of bio-oil from the pyrolysis of waste frying oil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:9951-9961. [PMID: 27665463 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this present work, the disposal of waste frying oil was explored. The experiment tests were performed under nitrogen (N2) atmosphere at 5 °C/min heating rate from the ambient temperature to 500 °C. In these operating conditions, the obtained pyrolitic liquid fraction was 76 wt% formed by 63.87 wt% of crude bio-oil and 12.13 wt% of aqueous fraction. The chemical characterization using FTIR, GC, and GC/MS has revealed that the bio-oil is a complex chemical mixture of linear saturated, unsaturated, and cyclic hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds such as carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, and alcohols. Moreover, the produced bio-oil can be considered as promising fuel with high calorific value (∼39 MJ/kg). However, the higher acidity (∼125 mg KOH/g sample) and viscosity (9.53 cSt at 40 °C) limit currently its direct use in engines. Therefore, although several promising results, further investigations are requested to improve the bio-oil quality in order to find an environmentally friendly issue to waste frying oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takwa Kraiem
- Centre de Recherche et des Technologies de l'Energie, Technopôle Borj-Cédria, B.P No. 95, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisia.
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Aida Ben Hassen
- Centre de Recherche et des Technologies de l'Energie, Technopôle Borj-Cédria, B.P No. 95, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Habib Belayouni
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mejdi Jeguirim
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361 CNRS, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France.
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Wang Y, Dai L, Fan L, Cao L, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Ruan R. Catalytic co-pyrolysis of waste vegetable oil and high density polyethylene for hydrocarbon fuel production. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 61:276-282. [PMID: 28129927 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a ZrO2-based polycrystalline ceramic foam catalyst was prepared and used in catalytic co-pyrolysis of waste vegetable oil and high density polyethylene (HDPE) for hydrocarbon fuel production. The effects of pyrolysis temperature, catalyst dosage, and HDPE to waste vegetable oil ratio on the product distribution and hydrocarbon fuel composition were examined. Experimental results indicate that the maximum hydrocarbon fuel yield of 63.1wt. % was obtained at 430°C, and the oxygenates were rarely detected in the hydrocarbon fuel. The hydrocarbon fuel yield increased when the catalyst was used. At the catalyst dosage of 15wt.%, the proportion of alkanes in the hydrocarbon fuel reached 97.85wt.%, which greatly simplified the fuel composition and improved the fuel quality. With the augment of HDPE to waste vegetable oil ratio, the hydrocarbon fuel yield monotonously increased. At the HDPE to waste vegetable oil ratio of 1:1, the maximum proportion (97.85wt.%) of alkanes was obtained. Moreover, the properties of hydrocarbon fuel were superior to biodiesel and 0# diesel due to higher calorific value, better low-temperature low fluidity, and lower density and viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpu Wang
- Nanchang University, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330047, China; Nanchang University, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Leilei Dai
- Nanchang University, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330047, China; Nanchang University, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Liangliang Fan
- Nanchang University, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330047, China; Nanchang University, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang 330047, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Leipeng Cao
- Nanchang University, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330047, China; Nanchang University, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Nanchang University, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330047, China; Nanchang University, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Nanchang University, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330047, China; Nanchang University, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Nanchang University, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330047, China; Nanchang University, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Roger Ruan
- Nanchang University, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330047, China; Nanchang University, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang 330047, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Bujak J, Sitarz P. Incineration of animal by-products--The impact of selected parameters on the flux of flue gas enthalpy. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 50:309-323. [PMID: 26926784 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents model analyses and tests of animal by-product waste thermal treatment plants. A schedule of tests was prepared, and 62,024 cases of system operation were analysed. A map/work field of the tested plant was drawn up on the basis thereof. Calculations were made following an algorithm described by Bujak (2015a) written in the VBA (Visual Basic for Application) language. The tests showed that when incinerating animal waste, the flux of physical enthalpy of the flue gas from the afterburner chamber depends on numerous design and operating parameters. The most important include the following: humidity and flux of the waste, concentration of oxygen in the flue gas in the afterburner chamber and loss of heat flux to the atmosphere through the external surfaces of the plant. Individual design and operating parameters can be selected so that the process of incineration is ensured without additional fuel. The performed analyses were verified against the actual object at the industrial scale using a meat plant that manufactures ham and processes beef, pork and poultry with a capacity of 150 tonnes/day. The production process waste included mainly bones and - in much smaller quantities - meat and bone meal, at 17 tonnes/day. The performed tests and analyses can be used to optimise the operation of the waste thermal treatment plant at the stages of design and operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Bujak
- Polish Association of Sanitary Engineers, Bydgoszcz Division, Rumińskiego 6, 85-950 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Piotr Sitarz
- PPM PROMONT Bujak Sp. z o.o. - Sp. K., Bydgoszcz, ul. Jagiellońska 35, Poland.
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Sazzad BS, Fazal MA, Haseeb ASMA, Masjuki HH. Retardation of oxidation and material degradation in biodiesel: a review. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10016c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the automobile sector, biodiesel has received considerable attention as a promising diesel substitute because of its enhanced lubricity and reduced emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. S. Sazzad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - M. A. Fazal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - A. S. M. A. Haseeb
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - H. H. Masjuki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
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35
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Romero MJA, Pizzi A, Toscano G, Busca G, Bosio B, Arato E. Deoxygenation of waste cooking oil and non-edible oil for the production of liquid hydrocarbon biofuels. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 47:62-8. [PMID: 25869843 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Deoxygenation of waste cooking vegetable oil and Jatropha curcas oil under nitrogen atmosphere was performed in batch and semi-batch experiments using CaO and treated hydrotalcite (MG70) as catalysts at 400 °C. In batch conditions a single liquid fraction (with yields greater than 80 wt.%) was produced containing a high proportion of hydrocarbons (83%). In semi-batch conditions two liquid fractions (separated by a distillation step) were obtained: a light fraction and an intermediate fraction containing amounts of hydrocarbons between 72-80% and 85-88% respectively. In order to assess the possible use of the liquid products as alternative fuels a complete chemical characterization and measurement of their properties were carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J A Romero
- DICCA, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia, 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
| | - A Pizzi
- D3A, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - G Toscano
- D3A, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - G Busca
- DICCA, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia, 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - B Bosio
- DICCA, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia, 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - E Arato
- DICCA, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia, 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy
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36
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Santos RM, Santos AO, Sussuchi EM, Nascimento JS, Lima ÁS, Freitas LS. Pyrolysis of mangaba seed: production and characterization of bio-oil. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 196:43-48. [PMID: 26226580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Hancornia speciosa GOMES (mangaba) seeds as a novel matrix for the production of bio-oil. The study was divided into three steps: (i) characterization of the biomass (through elemental analysis (CHN), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), thermogravimetry (TG), and determination of biomass composition; (ii) pyrolysis of mangaba seed to obtain the bio-oil; and (iii) characterization of the bio-oil (thermogravimetry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-GC/qMS). The TG of the sample showed a mass loss of around 90% in 450°C. In the pyrolysis experiments the variables included temperature (450 and 600°C), sample mass (5 and 11g) and prior heating (with or without), with the best conditions of 600°C, 11g of seeds and prior heating of the furnace. The GC/qMS analysis identified carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons as the major components, besides the presence of other compounds such as furanes, phenols, nitriles, aldehydes, ketones, and amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta M Santos
- Departamento de Química, (UFS), Cidade Universitária Prof. José Aloísio de Campos Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP: 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Aglaéverton O Santos
- Departamento de Química, (UFS), Cidade Universitária Prof. José Aloísio de Campos Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP: 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Eliana Midori Sussuchi
- Departamento de Química, (UFS), Cidade Universitária Prof. José Aloísio de Campos Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP: 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Juciara S Nascimento
- Rede de Biotecnologia do Nordeste (RENORBIO), (UFS), Cidade Universitária Prof. José Aloísio de Campos Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP: 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Álvaro S Lima
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa/ITP, PEP/UNIT, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Prédio do ITP, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Lisiane S Freitas
- Departamento de Química, (UFS), Cidade Universitária Prof. José Aloísio de Campos Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP: 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Rede de Biotecnologia do Nordeste (RENORBIO), (UFS), Cidade Universitária Prof. José Aloísio de Campos Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP: 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
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37
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Tinwala F, Mohanty P, Parmar S, Patel A, Pant KK. Intermediate pyrolysis of agro-industrial biomasses in bench-scale pyrolyser: Product yields and its characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 188:258-264. [PMID: 25770670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of woody biomass, agro-residues and seed was carried out at 500 ± 10 °C in a fixed bed pyrolyser. Bio-oil yield was found varying from 20.5% to 47.5%, whereas the biochar and pyrolysis gas ranged from 27.5% to 40% and 24.5% to 40.5%, respectively. Pyrolysis gas was measured for flame temperature along with CO, CO2, H2, CH4 and other gases composition. HHV of biochar (29.4 MJ/kg) and pyrolitic gas (8.6 MJ/kg) of woody biomass was higher analogous to sub-bituminous coal and steam gasification based producer gas respectively, whereas HHV of bio-oil obtained from seed (25.6 MJ/kg) was significantly more than husks, shells and straws. TGA-DTG studies showed the husks as potential source for the pyrolysis. Bio-oils as a major by-product of intermediate pyrolysis have several applications like substitute of furnace oil, extraction of fine chemicals, whereas biochar as a soil amendment for enhancing soil fertility and gases for thermal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farha Tinwala
- Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute (SPRERI), V.V. Nagar, 388120 Gujarat, India
| | - Pravakar Mohanty
- Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute (SPRERI), V.V. Nagar, 388120 Gujarat, India; Science and Engineering Research Board (A Statutory Body under Department of Science & Engineering, Government of India), New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Snehal Parmar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, Delhi, India
| | - Anant Patel
- Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute (SPRERI), V.V. Nagar, 388120 Gujarat, India
| | - Kamal K Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, Delhi, India.
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Chen G, Liu C, Ma W, Zhang X, Li Y, Yan B, Zhou W. Co-pyrolysis of corn cob and waste cooking oil in a fixed bed. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 166:500-507. [PMID: 24951937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Corn cob (CC) and waste cooking oil (WCO) were co-pyrolyzed in a fixed bed. The effects of various temperatures of 500 °C, 550 °C, 600 °C and CC/WCO mass ratios of 1:0, 1:0.1, 1:0.5, 1:1 and 0:1 were investigated, respectively. Results show that co-pyrolysis of CC/WCO produce more liquid and less bio-char than pyrolysis of CC individually. Bio-oil and bio-char yields were found to be largely dependent on temperature and CC/WCO ratios. GC/MS of bio-oil show it consists of different classes and amounts of organic compounds other than that from CC pyrolysis. Temperature of 550 °C and CC/WCO ratio of 1:1 seem to be the optimum considering high bio-oil yields (68.6 wt.%) and good bio-oil properties (HHV of 32.78 MJ/kg). In this case, bio-char of 24.96 MJ/kg appears attractive as a renewable source, while gas with LHV of 16.06 MJ/Nm(3) can be directly used in boilers as fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenchao Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiaoxiong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weihong Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Civil Engineering, Liaoning University of Science and Technology, Anshan, China
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