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Chen X, Zhao Y, Yang L, Yang Y, Wang L, Wei Z, Song C. Identifying the specific pathways to improve nitrogen fixation of different straw biochar during chicken manure composting based on its impact on the microbial community. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 170:8-16. [PMID: 37531741 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of straw biochar to chicken manure composting mitigated nitrogen loss. However, the impact of biochar derived from different types of straw on nitrogen fixation in chicken manure composting is discrepant, and the specific pathways remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the specific pathways of maize straw biochar (M) and rice straw biochar (R) to improve nitrogen fixation during chicken manure composting. The nitrogen losses in control (no addition, CK), M, and R composting were 51.84 %, 33.47 %, and 38.24 %, respectively, suggesting that adding straw biochar effectively improved nitrogen fixation. Microbial community analysis suggested that inhibiting denitrification and NH4+-N transformation by microorganisms was the primary means of improving nitrogen fixation. Meanwhile, biochar addition reduced the number of bacteria participating in nitrogen transformation and strengthened the NO3--N and total organic nitrogen transformation processes, among which the effect of M composting was stronger. The stronger effect was attributed to the significant role of the core microorganisms in M composting in shifting the transformation processes of the nitrogen components (P < 0.05). Therefore, the function of different straw biochar was determined by its different impacts on the microbial community, highlighting the important role of microbial community variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yunan Yang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Caihong Song
- College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
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2
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Angeles-de Paz G, León-Morcillo R, Guzmán S, Robledo-Mahón T, Pozo C, Calvo C, Aranda E. Pharmaceutical active compounds in sewage sludge: Degradation improvement and conversion into an organic amendment by bioaugmentation-composting processes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 168:167-178. [PMID: 37301089 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Around 143,000 chemicals find their fate in wastewater treatment plants in the European Union. Low efficiency on their removal at lab-based studies and even poorer performance at large scale experiments have been reported. Here, a coupled biological technology (bioaugmentation and composting) is proposed and proved for pharmaceutical active compounds degradation and toxicity reduction. The optimization was conducted through in situ inoculation of Penicillium oxalicum XD 3.1 and an enriched consortium (obtained from non-digested sewage sludge), into pilot scale piles of sewage sludge under real conditions. This bioaugmentation-composting system allowed a better performance of micropollutants degradation (21 % from the total pharmaceuticals detected at the beginning of the experiment) than a traditional composting process. Particularly, inoculation with P. oxalicum allowed the degradation of some recalcitrant compounds like carbamazepine, cotinine and methadone, and also produced better stabilization features in the mature compost (significant passivation of copper and zinc, higher macronutrients value, adequate physicochemical conditions for soil direct application and less toxic effect on germination) compared to the control and the enriched culture. These findings provide a feasible, alternative strategy to obtain a safer mature compost and a better removal of micropollutants performance at large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Angeles-de Paz
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - R León-Morcillo
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - S Guzmán
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - T Robledo-Mahón
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - C Pozo
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - C Calvo
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - E Aranda
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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3
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Aydın Temel F. Evaluation of the influence of rice husk amendment on compost quality in the composting of sewage sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 373:128748. [PMID: 36791979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of rice husk addition on compost quality and maturity in sewage sludge composting using a pilot scale aerated in-vessel reactor. During the composting process, changes in compost quality and physicochemical factors including pH, temperature, moisture content, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) were monitored. In the pile containing 25% rice husk, the lowest losses occurred with 52.49% for TOC and 23.24% for TN, while C/N ratio in the final compost was 18.82, achieving mature and quality compost. The moisture contents of the final composts were found as 50.72% in the control group while it was 31.73% and 28.18% in the reactors containing 10% and 25% rice husk, respectively. These results suggested that rice husk addition was beneficial for reducing moisture content and balancing the C/N ratio in sewage sludge composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Aydın Temel
- Giresun University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Giresun 28200, Turkey
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4
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Dogan H, Aydın Temel F, Cagcag Yolcu O, Turan NG. Modelling and optimization of sewage sludge composting using biomass ash via deep neural network and genetic algorithm. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128541. [PMID: 36581236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the use of Deep Cascade Forward Neural Network (DCFNN) was investigated to model both linear and non-linear chaotic relationships in co-composting of dewatered sewage sludge and biomass fly ash (BFA). Model results were evaluated in comparison with RSM, Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) and Feed Back Neural Network (FBNN), and Cascade Forward Neural Network (CFNN). DCFNN produced predictive results with MAPE values less than 1% for all datasets in all experimental designs except one with 1.99%. Furthermore, the decision variables were optimized by Genetic Algorithm (GA). The desirability level obtained from the optimization results was found to be 100% in a few designs and above 95% in all other designs. The results showed that DCFNN is a reliable and consistent tool for modeling composting process parameters, also GA is a satisfactory tool for determining which outputs the input parameters will produce in an experimental setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Dogan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55200, Turkey
| | - Fulya Aydın Temel
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Giresun University, Giresun 28200, Turkey
| | - Ozge Cagcag Yolcu
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Marmara University, İstanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Gamze Turan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55200, Turkey
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5
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Wang Y, Tan L, Garnier P, Houot S, Jimenez J, Patureau D, Zeng Y. Predicting the Stability of Organic Matter Originating from Different Waste Treatment Procedures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2151. [PMID: 36767518 PMCID: PMC9916240 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recycling organic wastes into farmland faces a double challenge: increasing the carbon storage of soil while mitigating CO2 emission from soil. Predicting the stability of organic matter (OM) in wastes and treatment products can be helpful in dealing with this contradiction. This work proposed a modeling approach integrating an OM characterization protocol into partial least squares (PLS) regression. A total of 31 organic wastes, and their products issued from anaerobic digestion, composting, and digestion-composting treatment were characterized using sequential extraction and three-dimension (3D) fluorescence spectroscopy. The apportionment of carbon in different fractions and fluorescence spectra revealed that the OM became less accessible and biodegradable after treatments, especially the composting. This was proven by the decrease in CO2 emission from soil incubation. The PLS model successfully predicted the stability of solid digestate, compost, and compost of solid digestate in the soil by using only the characterized variables of non-treated wastes. The results suggested that it would be possible to predict the stability of OM from organic wastes after different treatment procedures. It is helpful to choose the most suitable and economic treatment procedure to stabilize labile organic carbon in wastes and hence minimize CO2 emission after the application of treatment products to the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment (ISFREE), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Bing Hai Avenue, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lekun Tan
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment (ISFREE), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Bing Hai Avenue, Qingdao 266237, China
- Qingdao ProBio Biotech Co., Ltd., Block B, Building 3, Haichuang Center, Blue Silicon Valley, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Patricia Garnier
- AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris Saclay, UMR ECOSYS, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France
| | - Sabine Houot
- AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris Saclay, UMR ECOSYS, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France
| | - Julie Jimenez
- French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Montpellier, LBE, INRAE, 102 Avenue des Etangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Dominique Patureau
- French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Montpellier, LBE, INRAE, 102 Avenue des Etangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Yang Zeng
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment (ISFREE), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Bing Hai Avenue, Qingdao 266237, China
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6
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Policastro G, Cesaro A. Composting of Organic Solid Waste of Municipal Origin: The Role of Research in Enhancing Its Sustainability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:312. [PMID: 36612633 PMCID: PMC9819849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The organic solid waste of municipal origin stands as one of the residual streams of greatest concern: the great amounts continuously produced over time as well as its biochemical and physical characteristics require its proper handling via biological processes, pursuing the recovery of material and/or the generation of energy. At the European level, most of the industrial plants treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) rely on composting, which is a well-established and reliable process that is easy to operate in different socio-economic contexts. Nevertheless, when regarded in a life cycle perspective as well as in the view of the principles of circular economy underlying waste management, several issues (e.g., the presence of toxic substances in compost) can be recognized as technical challenges, requiring further studies to identify possible sustainable solutions. This work aims at discussing these challenges and figuring out the state of the art of composting in a circular perspective. Firstly, the main mentioned issues affecting compost quality and process sustainability are briefly reviewed. Next, to promote the effective use of composting in light of the circular economy principles, research experiences are critically presented to highlight the current technical challenges concerning the environmental and health impact reduction and possible scientific perspectives to overcome issues affecting the compost quality. Based on the critical analysis of reviewed studies, it emerged that further research should be aimed at unveiling the hazard potential of emerging contaminants as well as to address the understanding of the mechanisms underlying their potential removal during composting. Moreover, the adoption of a multidisciplinary perspective in the design of research studies may play a key role towards the definition of cost-effective and environmentally friendly strategies to overcome the technical issues affecting the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Policastro
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Telematic University Pegaso, 80132 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cesaro
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Chen P, Zhang L, Li Y, Liang J. Insight to maturity during biogas residue from food waste composting in terms of multivariable interaction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:71785-71795. [PMID: 35604592 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study used biogas residue produced by anaerobic fermentation of food waste as the raw material in large-scale windrow composting. The effects of the addition of a microbial consortium on the physical and chemical properties and stability of composting of biogas residue were studied. The maturity of food waste biogas residue during composting was investigated by multivariate interaction of environmental, maturity, and nutrient parameters, using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results showed that the temperature of T2 compost with the microbial consortium increased more rapidly. The pH ranges of T1 (without the microbial consortium) and T2 were 8.75-9.15 and 8.42-9.27, respectively; the electrical conductivity (EC) ranges of T1 and T2 were 2.74-3.95 mS/cm and 2.81-3.85 mS/cm, respectively; the degradation rates of organic matter (OM) in T1 and T2 were 21.74% and 33.62%, respectively; and the total nitrogen (TN) ranges of T1 and T2 were 1.93-3.10% and 1.80-3.21%, respectively. By the end of composting, the germination indices (GI) of T1 and T2 were 20.57% and 64.24%, respectively. The total oxygen consumption after 4 days (AT4) was 1.88 mg-O2/g and 1.2 mg-O2/g in T1 and T2, respectively. SEM of T1 showed that compost temperature and EC were important factors affecting compost maturity. These factors highly significantly affected OM, which in turn affected AT4 of the biogas residue composting. SEM of T2 showed that compost temperature, pH, and EC affected OM, which in turn affected compost maturity. Temperature affected compost maturity by affecting AT4 and GI. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the overall score of T2 was higher than that of T1, indicating that the addition of the microbial consortium was beneficial for industrial-scale composting of biogas residue produced by anaerobic digestion of food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscaping On Challenging Urban Sites, 899 Longwu Road, Shanghai, 200232, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Zhang
- Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscaping On Challenging Urban Sites, 899 Longwu Road, Shanghai, 200232, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuezhong Li
- Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscaping On Challenging Urban Sites, 899 Longwu Road, Shanghai, 200232, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liang
- Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscaping On Challenging Urban Sites, 899 Longwu Road, Shanghai, 200232, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Application of Optimization and Modeling for the Enhancement of Composting Processes. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Composting is a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative to digesting organic waste and turning it into organic fertilizer. It is a biological process in which polymeric waste materials contained in organic waste are biodegraded by fungi and bacteria. Temperature, pH, moisture content, C/N ratio, particle size, nutrient content and oxygen supply all have an impact on the efficiency of the composting process. To achieve optimal composting efficiency, all of these variables and their interactions must be considered. To this end, statistical optimization techniques and mathematical modeling approaches have been developed over the years. In this paper, an overview of optimization and mathematical modeling approaches in the field of composting processes is presented. The advantages and limitations of optimization and mathematical modeling for improving composting processes are also addressed.
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9
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Biowaste composting process - comparison of a rotary drum composter and open container. HEMIJSKA INDUSTRIJA 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/hemind220516019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Composting is recognized as a sustainable waste management approach in which
microorganisms treat and stabilize biodegradable waste under aerobic
conditions to obtain compost as a final product. In this paper, composting
of biowaste in a rotary drum composter (closed system) and an open container
(open system) was compared. Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, a
carbon-to-nitrogen mass ratio (C/N ratio) and contents of moisture, carbon
and dry and volatile matter, were measured during composting. Results showed
decreasing profiles for moisture, volatile matter, and carbon contents, as
well as for the C/N ratio, while increasing profiles for the dry matter
content and electrical conductivity during composting in both systems.
Leachates were formed only during the first three days of composting and
were characterized with high organic loads, high ammonia concentrations, low
pH, and high conductivity and turbidity. The organic matter content data
during the composting process were analysed according to the first order
kinetic model. Results suggested that there was a difference in the rate of
organic matter decomposition, which was higher when composting in the open
vessel than in the rotary drum composter.
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10
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Possibilities of Using Organic Waste after Biological and Physical Processing—An Overview. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With a rapidly increasing amount of waste, waste management is an extremely important issue. Utilising processes such as combustion and biological processing significantly decreases the accumulation and volume of waste. Despite this, huge volumes of resulting waste that still need to be managed remain. This paper identifies various methods of processing organic waste, discussing both thermal and biological techniques for waste management. Additionally, this paper demonstrates that the end products remaining after processing waste are oftentimes functional for agricultural use. These materials are excellent byproducts used to produce various organic, mineral and organomineral fertilisers. For instance, it appears that the production of fertilisers is the most promising method of utilising fly ash that results from the combustion of waste. In order to minimise the environmental risk of polluting soil with heavy metals, waste, as well as ashes resulting from combustion, must meet the criteria for the limit of contaminants.
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Hernández-Gómez A, Calderón A, Medina C, Sanchez-Torres V, Oviedo-Ocaña ER. Implementation of strategies to optimize the co-composting of green waste and food waste in developing countries. A case study: Colombia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24321-24327. [PMID: 32072422 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Green waste (GW) management is a key issue due to its high production rate and its variety of physical properties and chemical composition. Composting is a promising alternative for GW treatment and valorization. However, the presence of recalcitrant components such as lignin and cellulose increase the processing time. Strategies such as addition of co-substrates and operative modifications have improved the processing time and compost quality. Therefore, in this study, three strategies have been implemented (i) addition of unprocessed food (UF) and processed foods (PF) as co-substrates for GW to improve the nutrients composition of the substrates at the beginning of the process, (ii) addition of phosphate rock (PR) to improve product quality, and (iii) the use of two-stage composting (TSC) to accelerate the degradation. For this purpose, three treatments with the same mixture (48% GW + 21% UF + 18% PF + 13% sawdust (SW)) were conducted: (i) TA (TSC + 15% PR), (ii) TB (traditional composting +15% PR), and (iii) TC (traditional composting). TSC did not show significant differences compared with TC regarding the process and compost quality, while the addition of PR increased the phosphorus content of the product. However, TC produced the compost with the highest quality according to the Colombian legislation for soil amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Hernández-Gómez
- Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, 680002, Colombia
| | - Arley Calderón
- Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, 680002, Colombia
| | - Camilo Medina
- Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, 680002, Colombia
| | - Viviana Sanchez-Torres
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, 680002, Colombia
| | - Edgar Ricardo Oviedo-Ocaña
- Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, 680002, Colombia.
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12
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Co-Composting of Khat-Derived Biochar with Municipal Solid Waste: A Sustainable Practice of Waste Management. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su122410668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a way to improve the performance of the composting process and the quality of compost. This study was aimed to investigate the optimum ratio of khat straw (Catha edulis) biochar and organic municipal solid waste mixtures to improve the quality of the resulting co-composts. Khat-derived biochar during pyrolysis at 350 °C was added to organic municipal solid waste mix and four co-composting treatments were prepared with the compositions (% w/w): control compost (no biochar) and 5%, 15%, and 25% co-composted biochar in three replicates. The total organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and potassium values ranged as 16.76–21.45%, 30.77–40.26%, 0.97–1.68%, 0.58–0.76%, and 12.72–15.29%, respectively. The results confirmed that 5% and 15% co-composted khat biochars had significantly reduced (p < 0.05) organic matter loss and increased the contents of cation exchange capacity, pH, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc compared to the control compost, while some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, and Mn) and EC values in co-composted biochars are lower than the control compost. Khat-derived biochar could be added to municipal organic waste mix at 5–15% (w/w) in order to get better quality of compost, which can be used as biofertilizer.
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13
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Methods for Bioaerosol Characterization: Limits and Perspectives for Human Health Risk Assessment in Organic Waste Treatment. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11050452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioaerosol characterization represents a major challenge for the risk assessment and management of exposed people. One of the most important bioaerosol sources is the organic waste collection and treatment. This work analyzed and discussed the literature with the purpose of investigating the main techniques used nowadays for bioaerosol monitoring during organic waste treatment. The discussion includes an overview on the most efficient sampling, DNA extraction, and analysis methods, including both the cultural and the bio-molecular approach. Generally, an exhaustive biological risk assessment is not applied due to the organic waste heterogeneity, treatment complexity, and unknown aerosolized emission rate. However, the application of bio-molecular methods allows a better bioaerosol characterization, and it is desirable to be associated with standardized cultural methods. Risk assessment for organic waste workers generally includes the evaluation of the potential exposition to pathogens and opportunistic pathogens or to other microorganisms as biomarkers. In most cases, Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, Legionella spp., Aspergillus spp., and Mycobacterium spp. are included. Future perspectives are focused on identifying common composting biomarkers, on investigating the causality process between chronic bioaerosol exposure and disease onset, and finally, on defining common exposure limits.
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14
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Robledo-Mahón T, Martín MA, Gutiérrez MC, Toledo M, González I, Aranda E, Chica AF, Calvo C. Sewage sludge composting under semi-permeable film at full-scale: Evaluation of odour emissions and relationships between microbiological activities and physico-chemical variables. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108624. [PMID: 31422221 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, physico-chemical characteristics, heavy metals content, odour emissions, microbial enumeration and enzymatic activities were analysed during industrial scale composting of sewage sludge partially pre-treated to evaluate the effect of a combined system of semi-permeable film and aeration on these parameters. The results related to physico-chemical parameters showed a decrease in total organic carbon (TOC), organic matter (OM), total carbon (TC) along the process. Volatile solids (VS) were also reduced, reaching 36% at 120 days, which is above the limit according to the current legislation. Similarly, metal content was found to be an important variable in the evolution of enzymatic activity, while lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni) were the most influential. Moreover, heavy metals were found below the limit of type B compost quality or European class 2 at the end of the process, which is suitable for agriculture soil. The odorous impact generated during the hydrolytic stage was reduced to an average value of 4 ouE/s. This suggests that, covered stage with the semi-permeable film, could be a viable solution to mitigate odour emissions. The highest temperature was reached at 10 days and it was favoured by semi-permeable film. Temperature promoted the presence of thermophilic bacteria and fungi and indicated an early biodegradation process mediated by microorganisms. Statistical analyses revealed a high correlation of physico-chemical variables with microbial activity. Thus, samples from the first 14 days were highly correlated with enzymatic activities such as β-glucosidase (Ac-βGlu), protease (Ac-Pr), and dehydrogenase (Ac-De), which have usually been involved in the hydrolysis of organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Robledo-Mahón
- Institute of Water Research, Department of Microbiology. University of Granada. Ramón Cajal nº 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - M A Martín
- University of Cordoba (Spain) - Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Campus Universitario de Rabanales. Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - M C Gutiérrez
- University of Cordoba (Spain) - Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Campus Universitario de Rabanales. Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Toledo
- University of Cordoba (Spain) - Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Campus Universitario de Rabanales. Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - I González
- University of Cordoba (Spain) - Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Campus Universitario de Rabanales. Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - E Aranda
- Institute of Water Research, Department of Microbiology. University of Granada. Ramón Cajal nº 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A F Chica
- University of Cordoba (Spain) - Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Campus Universitario de Rabanales. Carretera N-IV, km 396, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Calvo
- Institute of Water Research, Department of Microbiology. University of Granada. Ramón Cajal nº 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
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15
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Cesaro A, Conte A, Belgiorno V, Siciliano A, Guida M. The evolution of compost stability and maturity during the full-scale treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 232:264-270. [PMID: 30476688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Composting is the method most commonly applied worldwide for the recovery of the source sorted organic waste. The process aims at stabilizing the organic matter, so as to produce a material with soil improver properties, referred to as compost. The effective recovery of the organic waste fraction via composting implies compost safe use on soil. In this view, the assessment of compost characteristics, depending on both the quality of the input material and the process operation, is fundamental. At full scale, the process monitoring usually relies on parameters enabling the indirect control of its evolution, whereas the biological stability and maturity are usually evaluated on the final product. Aim of this work was in assessing both biological stability and maturity during the composting process of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste performed at industrial scale. Representative samples were collected over time in a composting facility operating in the South of Italy and analysed by the dynamic respirometric index, the content of humic substances as well as by their phytotoxicity. Results showed the key role of stability and maturity parameters in the monitoring of composting processes. Experimental outcomes further addressed wider considerations on the operational procedures for a sustainable compost production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cesaro
- SEED - Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Anna Conte
- SEED - Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Belgiorno
- SEED - Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- Federico II Naples University, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Federico II Naples University, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, I-80126, Naples, Italy
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Influence of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSW and Clinoptilolite Addition on the Biowaste Composting Process. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-018-03692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Bożym M, Siemiątkowski G. Characterization of composted sewage sludge during the maturation process: a pilot scale study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34332-34342. [PMID: 30298354 PMCID: PMC6245001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper determines the impact of the maturation process of composted sewage sludge on the quality of the final product and assesses the stabilization effect. The samples of composted sewage sludge were taken from a wastewater treatment plant located in Pomerania in northern Poland. The sewage sludge was composted in an open windrow composting plant with the addition of straw and wood chips in the turning windrow. The aeration of the sewage sludge mixture was conducted based on two methods. The first phase (intensive degradation phase of 6 to 8 weeks) was characterized by frequently turning; the second phase for maturation used aeration channels (2 to 3 months). In three sampling campaigns samples were taken from the same windrow after 2 (no. 1), 8 (no. 2), and 12 weeks (no. 3) of maturation. Fresh samples were used for analyzing the stabilization parameter as static respiration activity (AT4). Furthermore, the values of pH, organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (TOC), elementary composition, nutrients, total content, and mobile forms of heavy metals were analyzed in the compost samples. A significant decrease was found in the stabilization parameter (AT4) during the maturation of tested materials. In turn, no significant differences were found in the elementary composition. The concentration of most metals increased in the final product. The total content of heavy metals in the final product did not exceed the limit values for the agricultural use of sewage sludge, compost from municipal waste, and for organic fertilizers. There were no significant changes in the percentage of bioavailable and mobile forms of heavy metals during compost maturation. Zinc was characterized by the highest level of mobile and bioavailable forms, which may cause bioaccumulation after the fertilization of soil. The study has shown that the process of maturation of compost from sewage sludge not affects changes in the content of heavy metal forms. The scope of this study has been planned on a wider scale for different variants of sewage sludge composting, in order to evaluate the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bożym
- Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska 76 street, 45-758, Opole, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Siemiątkowski
- Building Materials Engineering Division in Opole, Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Oswiecimska 21 street, 45-641, Opole, Poland
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18
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Liquid-Phase Respiration Activity Assays to Assess Organic Waste Stability: A Comparison of Two Tests. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10051441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cerda A, Artola A, Font X, Barrena R, Gea T, Sánchez A. Composting of food wastes: Status and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 248:57-67. [PMID: 28693949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This review analyses the main challenges of the process of food waste composting and examines the crucial aspects related to the quality of the produced compost. Although recent advances have been made in crucial aspects of the process, such composting microbiology, improvements are needed in process monitoring. Therefore, specific problems related to food waste composting, such as the presence of impurities, are thoroughly analysed in this study. In addition, environmental impacts related to food waste composting, such as emissions of greenhouse gases and odours, are discussed. Finally, the use of food waste compost in soil bioremediation is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Cerda
- GICOM Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Artola
- GICOM Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Font
- GICOM Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- GICOM Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Gea
- GICOM Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- GICOM Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Parra-Orobio BA, Donoso-Bravo A, Ruiz-Sánchez JC, Valencia-Molina KJ, Torres-Lozada P. Effect of inoculum on the anaerobic digestion of food waste accounting for the concentration of trace elements. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 71:342-349. [PMID: 28988832 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The production of renewable energy in the form of methane from the anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste (FW) varies depending on factors such as the quantity and quality of the inoculum. This research evaluated the influence of trace elements (Ca, K, Fe, Zn, Al, Mg, Co, Ni, and Mo) present in inoculum from different sources (wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs): 2 agro-industrial WWTPs and 1 municipal WWTP) on the AD of FW. This study found that the source of the inoculum determines the content of macronutrients and trace elements, which can alter the requirements of the AD process and therefore affect methane production. The inoculum obtained from municipal WWTPs contain potentially inhibitory concentrations of Zn and Al that negatively affect methane production (<70 mL CH4·gVS-1), the hydrolysis constant (<0.19 d-1), and the lag-phase (>7 days). It was also found that high concentrations of trace elements such as Ni (35.2 mg kg-1) and Mo (15.4 mg kg-1) in the inoculum increase methane production (140.7 mL CH4·gVS-1) and hydrolysis constant (>0.18d-1) in addition to presenting short lag-phase (<1 day) in the AD of food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayan Alexis Parra-Orobio
- ECCA Group, EIDENAR School, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Valle, Calle 13 #100-00, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Andrés Donoso-Bravo
- Inria Chile, Av. Apoquindo 2827, piso 12, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Juan Camilo Ruiz-Sánchez
- ECCA Group, EIDENAR School, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Valle, Calle 13 #100-00, Cali, Colombia.
| | | | - Patricia Torres-Lozada
- ECCA Group, EIDENAR School, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Valle, Calle 13 #100-00, Cali, Colombia.
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Alavi N, Daneshpajou M, Shirmardi M, Goudarzi G, Neisi A, Babaei AA. Investigating the efficiency of co-composting and vermicomposting of vinasse with the mixture of cow manure wastes, bagasse, and natural zeolite. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 69:117-126. [PMID: 28780295 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation of ethanol as a product of sugarcane agro-industry causes the discharge of large amounts of a liquid waste called vinasse into the environment. In this study, co-composting followed by vermicomposting process of the mixtures of vinasse, cow manure, and chopped bagasse was performed for 60days using earthworms of Eisenia fetida species. The results showed that the trend of changes in C/N was decreasing. The pH of the final fertilizer was in alkaline range (8.1-8.4). The total potassium decreased during the process, ranging from 0.062 to 0.15%, while the total phosphorus increased and its values ranged from 0.06 to 0.10%. The germination index (GI) for all samples was 100%, while the cellular respiration maturity index was<2mg C-CO2g-1 organic carbon day-1, confirming a very stable compost. The results of this study indicate that the compost obtained from the co-composting-vermicomposting process could be used as a sound soil amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadali Alavi
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monavvar Daneshpajou
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shirmardi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abdolkazem Neisi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Babaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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22
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Arias O, Viña S, Uzal M, Soto M. Composting of pig manure and forest green waste amended with industrial sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:1228-1236. [PMID: 28233616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the composting of chestnut forest green waste (FGW) from short rotation chestnut stands amended with sludge resulting from the manufacture of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDFS) and pig manure (PM). Both FGW and MDFS presented low biodegradation potential but different characteristics in granulometry and bulk density that make its mixture of interest to achieve high composting temperatures. PM decreased the C/N ratio of the mixture and increased its moisture content (MC). Three mixtures of MDFS:FGW at volume ratios of 1:1.3 (M2), 1:2.4 (M3) and 0:1 (M4) were composted after increasing its MC to about 70% with PM. A control with food waste (OFW) and FGW (1:2.4 in volume) (M1) was run in parallel. Watering ratios reached 0.25 (M1), 1.08 (M2) 1.56 (M3) and 4.35 (M4) L PM/kg TS of added solids wastes. Treatments M2 and M3 reached a thermophilic phase shorter than M1, whilst M4 remained in the mesophilic range. After 48days of composting, temperature gradients in respect to ambient temperature were reduced, but the mineralization process continued for around 8months. Final reduction in total organic carbon reached 35-56%, depending mainly on the content in MDFS. MDFS addition to composting matrices largely reduced nitrogen losses, which range from 22% (M2) to 37% (M3) and 53% (M4). Final products had high nutrient content, low electrical conductivity and low heavy metal content which make it a valuable product for soil fertilization, right to amend in the chestnut forests and as a pillar of their sustainable management.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Arias
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, A Coruña 15008, Galiza, Spain.
| | - S Viña
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, A Coruña 15008, Galiza, Spain.
| | - M Uzal
- Boibel Forestal S.L. Lugar do Pazo de Galegos s/n. E-15.868 Frades, A Coruña, Galiza, Spain.
| | - M Soto
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, A Coruña 15008, Galiza, Spain.
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23
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Onwosi CO, Igbokwe VC, Odimba JN, Eke IE, Nwankwoala MO, Iroh IN, Ezeogu LI. Composting technology in waste stabilization: On the methods, challenges and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 190:140-157. [PMID: 28040590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Composting technology has become invaluable in stabilization of municipal waste due to its environmental compatibility. In this review, different types of composting methods reportedly applied in waste management were explored. Further to that, the major factors such as temperature, pH, C/N ratio, moisture, particle size that have been considered relevant in the monitoring of the composting process were elucidated. Relevant strategies to improve and optimize process effectiveness were also addressed. However, during composting, some challenges such as leachate generation, gas emission and lack of uniformity in assessing maturity indices are imminent. Here in, these challenges were properly addressed and some strategies towards ameliorating them were proffered. Finally, we highlighted some recent technologies that could improve composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwudi O Onwosi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Victor C Igbokwe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Joyce N Odimba
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyichukwu E Eke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Mary O Nwankwoala
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ikemdinachi N Iroh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Lewis I Ezeogu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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24
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Rawoteea SA, Mudhoo A, Kumar S. Co-composting of vegetable wastes and carton: Effect of carton composition and parameter variations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 227:171-178. [PMID: 28024194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of carton in the composting process of mixed vegetable wastes using an experimental composter of capacity 80L. Three different mixes were set-up (Mixes 1, 2 and 3) which consisted of vegetable wastes, 2.0kg paper and bulking agents, vegetable wastes, 1.5kg carton and bulking agents, vegetable wastes, 4.5kg carton and bulking agents, respectively. Temperature evolution, pH trends, moisture levels, respiration rates, percentage volatile solids and electrical conductivity were monitored for a period of 50days. The system remained under thermophilic conditions for a very short period due to the small size of the reactor. The three mixes did not exceed a temperature of 55°C, where sanitization takes place by the destruction of pathogens. The highest peak of CO2 evolution was observed in Mix 2 indicating that maximum microbial degradation took place in that mix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonita Anjeena Rawoteea
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Ackmez Mudhoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India.
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Echavarri-Bravo V, Thygesen HH, Aspray TJ. Variability in physical contamination assessment of source segregated biodegradable municipal waste derived composts. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 59:30-36. [PMID: 27836516 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical contaminants (glass, metal, plastic and 'other') and stones were isolated and categorised from three finished commercial composts derived from source segregated biodegradable municipal waste (BMW). A subset of the identified physical contaminant fragments were subsequently reintroduced into the cleaned compost samples and sent to three commercial laboratories for testing in an inter-laboratory trial using the current PAS100:2011 method (AfOR MT PC&S). The trial showed that the 'other' category caused difficulty for all three laboratories with under reporting, particularly of the most common 'other' contaminants (paper and cardboard) and, over-reporting of non-man-made fragments. One laboratory underreported metal contaminant fragments (spiked as silver foil) in three samples. Glass, plastic and stones were variably underreported due to miss-classification or over reported due to contamination with compost (organic) fragments. The results are discussed in the context of global physical contaminant test methods and compost quality assurance schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Echavarri-Bravo
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Helene H Thygesen
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Thomas J Aspray
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
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Young BJ, Rizzo PF, Riera NI, Torre VD, López VA, Molina CD, Fernández FE, Crespo DC, Barrena R, Komilis D, Sánchez A. Development of phytotoxicity indexes and their correlation with ecotoxicological, stability and physicochemical parameters during passive composting of poultry manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 54:101-109. [PMID: 27185192 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Both raw and composted poultry manure is applied as soil amendment. The aims of this study were: (1) to develop phytotoxicity indexes for organic wastes and composts, and (2) to assess the correlation among phytotoxicity indexes, ecotoxicological endpoints and stability and physicochemical parameters during passive composting of poultry manure. Six 2-m(3) composting piles were constructed and four parameter groups (physicochemical and microbiological parameters, ecotoxicological endpoints, and biological activity) were determined at four sampling times during 92days. Extracts were used to carry out acute toxicity tests on Daphnia magna, Lactuca sativa and Raphanus sativus. Composting decreased average toxicity 22.8% for the 3 species and D. magna was the most sensitive species. The static respiration index decreased from 1.12 to 0.46mgO2gOMh(-1) whilst organic matter reduced by 64.1% at the end of the process. Escherichia coli colonies remained higher than values recommended by international guidelines. The D. magna immobilization test allowed the assessment of possible leachate or run-off toxicity. The new phytotoxicity indexes (RGIC0.8 and GIC80%), proposed in this study, as well as salinity, proved to be good maturity indicators. Hence, these phytotoxicity indexes could be implemented in monitoring strategies as useful ecotoxicological tools. Multivariate analyses demonstrated positive correlations between ecotoxicological endpoints (low toxicity) and biological activity (stability). These two parameter groups were associated at the final sampling time and showed negative correlations with several physicochemical parameters (organic and inorganic contents). The final poultry manure compost was rendered stable, but immature and, thus, unsuitable for soil amending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Jonathan Young
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Federico Rizzo
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Iván Riera
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Della Torre
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Alejandra López
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Denisse Molina
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Estefanía Fernández
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diana Cristina Crespo
- Laboratorio de Transformación de Residuos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Las Cabañas y De los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Dimitrios Komilis
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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Bazrafshan E, Zarei A, Kord Mostafapour F, Poormollae N, Mahmoodi S, Zazouli MA. Maturity and Stability Evaluation of Composted Municipal Solid Wastes. HEALTH SCOPE 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jhealthscope-33202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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