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Jeong S, Ryu H, Shin H, Lee MG, Hong J, Kim H, Kwon JT, Lee J, Kim Y. Quantification of tire wear particles in road dust based on synthetic/natural rubber ratio using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry across diverse tire types. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 942:173796. [PMID: 38851327 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Increase in road traffic leads to increased concentrations of tire-wear particles (TWPs), a prominent source of microplastics from vehicles, in road dust. These particles can re-enter the atmosphere or move into aquatic ecosystems via runoff, impacting the environment. Consequently, accurately assessing and managing TWP levels in road dust is crucial. However, the ISO method (ISO/TS 20593 and 21396) uses a constant ratio of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) to natural rubber (NR) for all tires, disregarding the variability in tire composition across different types and brands. Our study found substantial SBR content (15.7 %) in heavyweight truck tires, traditionally believed to be predominantly NR. We evaluated the SBR/NR content in 15 tire types and proposed a method to more accurately evaluate TWP concentrations in road dust from five different locations. Our findings suggest that the conventional ISO method may underestimate the concentrations of TWP due to its reliance on a static ratio of SBR/NR. This study underscores the necessity for a more flexible approach that can adapt to the variability in SBR and NR content across different tire types. By delineating the limitations inherent in current assessment methods, our research contributes to a more adaptable understanding of TWP concentrations in road dust. This advancement prompts the development of a revised methodology that more accurately reflects the diverse compositions of tire rubber in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Hyeonjung Ryu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Hyeokjin Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Jaehwan Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Hyunwook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, South Korea
| | - Jung-Taek Kwon
- Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22733, South Korea
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Risk Assessment Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22733, South Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
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2
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Veses A, Martínez JD, Sanchís A, López JM, García T, García G, Murillo R. Pyrolysis of End-Of-Life Tires: Moving from a Pilot Prototype to a Semi-Industrial Plant Using Auger Technology. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2024; 38:17087-17099. [PMID: 39257467 PMCID: PMC11382153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c02748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
This work, carried out within the framework of the BlackCycle project, demonstrates the robustness of an auger reactor for the pyrolysis of end-of-life tires (ELTs) to be considered within the seventh level of technology readiness (TRL-7). For this purpose, the resulting pyrolysis products are compared with those obtained from a pilot scale facility ranging within the fifth technology readiness level (TRL-5). Using the same type of ELTs, tire trucks (TTs), operating conditions used at the TRL-5 plant are attempted to mimic those expected at a semi-industrial plant: tailored temperature profile (450, 550, and 775 °C) and residence time for vapors (30 s) and solids (15 min). The feed mass rate is 4 and 400 kg/h for the pilot and semi-industrial plants, respectively. The yields of tire pyrolysis oil (TPO), tire pyrolysis gas (TPG), and raw recovered carbon black (RRCB) from both plants, as well as their key properties and characteristics, are in good agreement with each other. The TPO produced by both plants contains comparable concentrations of value-added chemicals such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and limonene. There is also a very similar pattern between the simulated distillation curves. The TPG obtained from both plants is also very rich in H2 and CH4 and has a lower calorific value of 52-54 MJ/Nm3 (N2 free basis). Although the RRCBs produced by the two plants are more demanding and require more labor, they do have a number of comparable characteristics. All this information demonstrates not only the reliability of the experimental campaigns to scale up the pyrolysis process but also the robustness of the semi-industrial scale plant based on the auger technology to be classified at TRL-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Veses
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Juan Daniel Martínez
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanchís
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - José Manuel López
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Tomás García
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Gonzalo García
- Greenval Technologies S.L, C/Ayala 10, Madrid 28001, Spain
| | - Ramón Murillo
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
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3
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Wu J, Zhang Z, Li D, Zhang Y, Wang J, Jiang J. Converting waste tires into p-cymene through hydropyrolysis and selective gas-phase hydrogenation/dehydrogenation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:282-289. [PMID: 38071868 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The resource utilization and valorization of waste tires (WT) are of significant importance in reducing environmental pollution. To produce high-value p-cymene from WT, we propose a catalytic cascade process combining hydropyrolysis and catalytic gas-phase hydrotreating in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor. The effect of catalysts prepared with three different acidic supports on the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of limonene, a compound derived from the hydropyrolysis of WT, was investigated. The p-cymene formation could be controlled by optimizing process parameters, including hydropyrolysis temperature, hydrogenation temperature, and catalyst-to-feedstock ratio (C/F). Experimental results indicated that, in the absence of a catalyst, limonene was the main product of WT depolymerization. Under optimized conditions (hydropyrolysis temperature of 425 ℃, hydrotreating temperature of 400 ℃, C/F of 10:1, and reaction pressure of 0.15 MPa), the highest relative content of p-cymene (79.1%) was obtained over the Pd/SBA-15 catalyst. This demonstrates that our proposed catalytic cascade process of hydropyrolysis and selective gas-phase hydrogenation/dehydrogenation can convert WT into p-cymene with high added value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No. 16, Suojin Five Village, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Zhukun Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No. 16, Suojin Five Village, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Dongxian Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No. 16, Suojin Five Village, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yiyun Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No. 16, Suojin Five Village, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No. 16, Suojin Five Village, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), No. 16, Suojin Five Village, Nanjing 210042, China
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4
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Sun Y, Sun H, Yang T, Zhu Y, Li R. Combustion Characterization and Kinetic Analysis of Mixed Sludge and Lignite Combustion. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6912-6923. [PMID: 38371850 PMCID: PMC10870382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the feasibility and reaction mechanism of combusting sewage sludge and brown coal in a mixture. Thermal behavior evaluation of combustion characteristics, interactions, and kinetic analysis of sludge-lignite mixture combustion by thermogravimetry (TG). The results showed that the combustion performance of the mixed samples was all in between that of the lignite and sludge samples. The combined combustion index gradually decreased with the increase in sludge mixing. The addition of sludge favors the ignition of the mixture but is not conducive to overall stable combustion. The synergies between the sludges, as assessed by the mass loss curves, are reflected in the ash removal and coke oxidation stages. When the mixture of sludge and lignite is burned at a ratio of 10 wt %, the calorific value can still reach 20.3 MJ/kg, which is only about 4.2% lower than that of burning lignite alone. Application of the kinetic models of FWO, Starink, KAS, and Friedman, in turn, determined a minimum average activation energy of only 132.50 kJ/mol. In addition, the reaction was judged to be a simple complexation reaction by analyzing the thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔS, ΔH, and A), with the combustion process approaching thermodynamic equilibrium and forming stable products. The nucleation model A4.2 can be used as the best reaction mechanism model for sludge-lignite mixed combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Hui Sun
- School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Tianhua Yang
- School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Rundong Li
- School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110000, China
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5
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Zerin NH, Rasul MG, Jahirul MI, Sayem ASM. End-of-life tyre conversion to energy: A review on pyrolysis and activated carbon production processes and their challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166981. [PMID: 37709084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The number of end-of-life waste tyres has increased enormously worldwide, which is one of the non-biodegradable Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) piling up in an open space for a long time. Every year, various types of tyres are released in the environment from different vehicles, such as trucks, buses, cars, motorcycles, and bicycles, which negatively impact the environment. Nowadays, waste tyres are treated in several ways, whereas thermochemical conversion is one of them, including combustion, gasification, incineration, and pyrolysis. Many literatures revealed that pyrolysis is a more environmentally friendly process than others since it can convert waste tyres into crude oil, char, and syngas without emitting harmful gases. In this study, the pyrolysis of tyres and the chemical activation of tyres are reviewed in terms of their kinetic behaviour. According to the literature, the most influential factors of the pyrolysis process are reactors, temperature, heating rate, residence time, feedstock size and catalyst. As the main ingredient of the tyre is rubber, tyre pyrolysis starts from 300 °C and completely decomposed nearly 550 °C. It can be found from literature that Pyrolysed tyre can produce 30-65% oil, 25-45% char and 5-20 % gas. It is also explained how the properties of active carbon (AC) are affected by activating conditions, including activation temperature, agent, the ratio of reagent mixture and others. Generally, pyrolytic char has surface area between 20 and 80 m2/g, whereas tyre-derived activated carbon's (TDAC) surface area varied from 90 to 970 m2/g. For large surface area and porous structure, TDAC has large application in purification and energy storage sector. The individuality of this article is to depict the entire pathway of AC production from waste tyres. The findings of this literature review help to improve technologies for producing activated carbon from waste tyres pyrolysed char.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Zerin
- Fuel and Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - M G Rasul
- Fuel and Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia.
| | - M I Jahirul
- Fuel and Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - A S M Sayem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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6
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Li C, Liu Z, Yu J, Hu E, Zeng Y, Tian Y. Cross-interaction of volatiles in fast co-pyrolysis of waste tyre and corn stover via TG-FTIR and rapid infrared heating techniques. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:421-432. [PMID: 37783137 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Using fast infrared heating technology to minimize the pyrolysis temperature differential and optimizing secondary reactions is advantageous for studying co-pyrolysis behaviors. In this study, the co-pyrolysis behaviors of waste tyres (WT) and corn stover (CS), including product distribution, pyrolysis kinetics, and thermodynamics, were studied using TGA-FTIR analysis and fast infrared heating reactor. The DTG curves for the co-pyrolysis of WT and CS significantly differed from the calculated values, implying that the pyrolysis intermediates produced by CS during the pyrolysis process may have synergetic effects with the pyrolysis of WT. The apparent activation energies using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) methods were similar, 244.88 kJ/mol and 245.93 kJ/mol, respectively. The experiment results suggest that the bio-oil yield increased first and then decreased with a further temperature increase. The yield of bio-oil gradually increased from 35.36% to 46.06% as temperature rose from 500 °C to 700 °C; but the further increasing to 800 °C decreased the bio-oil yield to 40.72%. The aromatic compounds in tar gradually increased with increasing the temperature, while the aliphatic compounds increased initially and then reduced. Meanwhile, the oxygenated compounds first decreased and then increased with increasing the pyrolysis temperature. The yield of light oil components (C<10) increased from 5.11% at 400 °C to 7.71% at 700 °C. A further increase in the pyrolysis temperature to 800 °C reduced the light oil content to 4.93%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zuohuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jianglong Yu
- Suzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China, and Biological and Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Erfeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yongfu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yishui Tian
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
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7
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Zheng D, Cheng J, Wang X, Yu G, Xu R, Dai C, Liu N, Wang N, Chen B. Influences and mechanisms of pyrolytic conditions on recycling BTX products from passenger car waste tires. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:196-207. [PMID: 37453307 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis is an effective method for waste tire disposal. However, it has rarely been used to recycle specific highly valuable components (such as benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX)) from tire rubbers, owing to complicated pyrolytic reactions. This study investigated the pyrolysis process of passenger-car-waste-tires (PCWT) with the help of TG-DTG and Py-GC/MS. Based on response surface methodology (RSM), the effect of pyrolytic parameters on the yields of pyrolytic oil and BTX is evaluated. Furthermore, the BTX generation mechanisms are discussed from the perspective of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon transformations. Additionally, pyrolytic conditions including temperature, rubber particle size, pressure, and gas flow rate were systemically investigated and the optimum pyrolytic condition for yield of BTX (26.5 g per 100 g tire rubber) was obtained [765 K, 0.7 mm, 0.52 MPa and 2.5 mL (g min)-1]. Therein, yield of benzene, toluene and xylene were 1.07, 5.03 and 20.40 g per 100 g tire rubber, respectively. During PCWT pyrolysis, BTX is primarily obtained via the Diels-Alder reactions of small-chain alkenes and transformations of limonene and aromatics. This study elucidates the BTX generation mechanisms during PCWT pyrolysis and clarifies the effects of varying pyrolytic conditions on BTX generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Zheng
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xingli Wang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Gangqiang Yu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ruinian Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Chengna Dai
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Biaohua Chen
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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8
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Han W, Han D, Chen H. Pyrolysis of Waste Tires: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071604. [PMID: 37050218 PMCID: PMC10097134 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Waste tires are known as "black pollution", which is difficult to degrade. The safe handling and recycling of waste tires have always been the focus of and difficulty for the global rubber industry. Pyrolysis can not only solve the problem of environmental pollution but also completely treat the waste tires and recover valuable pyrolysis products. This paper summarizes research progress on the pyrolysis of waste tires, including the pyrolysis mechanism; the important factors affecting the pyrolysis of waste tires (pyrolysis temperature and catalysts); and the composition, properties, and applications of the three kinds of pyrolysis products. The composition and yield of pyrolysis products can be regulated by pyrolysis temperature and catalysts, and pyrolysis products can be well used in many industrial occasions after different forms of post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Han
- National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Tire Equipment and Key Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing of Polymer Materials, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Deshang Han
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
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Thonglhueng N, Sirisangsawang R, Sukpancharoen S, Phetyim N. Optimization of iodine number of carbon black obtained from waste tire pyrolysis plant via response surface methodology. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11971. [PMID: 36506372 PMCID: PMC9732317 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovered carbon black (RCB) obtained from a tire pyrolysis plant was subjected to chemical and thermal treatments for application as a filler in rubber compounds. Carbon black was chemically treated with nitric acid by varying the temperature, time, and chemical-to-carbon black ratio. The iodine number was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and the Design Expert software. To increase the iodine number, the Box-Behnken design was utilized to optimize three parameters: temperature (30-50 °C), time (6-24 h), and ratio of carbon black to chemical (0.25-1.0 g/mL). Under optimal conditions, the surface area increased, and RCB was upgraded to commercial carbon black N330. RSM analysis indicted that the iodine number was maximized (117.34 mg/g) after treatment at 46.74 °C for 23.24 h using a carbon black/chemical ratio of 0.76 g/mL. The simulated data were experimentally validated by analyzing RCB_ EQ, which yielded an iodine number of 119.12 mg/g. The content of most heavy metals in RCB decreased by more than 90%, whereas the sulfur and chlorine content decreased by 43.27% and 53.96%, respectively. Based on thermogravimetric analysis, the RCB_13 carbon black additive was eliminated at temperatures of 620-800 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthawat Thonglhueng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Rinlada Sirisangsawang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Somboon Sukpancharoen
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Natacha Phetyim
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand,Corresponding author.
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10
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Goksal FP. An economic analysis of scrap tire pyrolysis, potential and new opportunities. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11669. [PMID: 36419657 PMCID: PMC9676532 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrap tire recycling is a concern for local and national governments because of the associated environmental hazards. As motor vehicle use increases around the globe, fueled by booming demand in the emerging market, more governments are imposing stringent recycling rules for scrap tires. New and emerging technologies have been introduced to solve the recycling problem. Pyrolysis, which involves the decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures under inert conditions, converts scrap tires into gas and liquid fuels and these products can be used by other industries such as chemical, energy and transportation industries. The feasibility of pyrolysis depends on several factors, including the material content of the scrap tire and market value of the products. Current and past market conditions suggest that pyrolysis plants can be run profitably as independent operations. This study evaluated the economic potential of the pyrolysis industry based on evolving market conditions and forecasts the potential market size based on the volume of scrap tires expected to come into the market in the next 20 years. Separate models were used for market predictions for Europe and Turkey. The economic benefits of using scrap tire pyrolysis were discussed, including the potential monetary value of adopting such policies for Turkey.
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11
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Cao C, Cheng Y, Hu H, Wang H, Liu S, Hu M, Li X, Yao H. Products distribution and sulfur fixation during the pyrolysis of CaO conditioned textile dyeing sludge: Effects of pyrolysis temperature and heating rate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 153:367-375. [PMID: 36191497 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Textile dyeing sludge (TDS) is a typical industrial solid waste whose amount surged with the textile industry's development. Pyrolysis treatment is a promising technique for TDS to realize harmless disposal and resource reuse. However, the high content of organic compounds would cause sulfurous pollutants emission, reducing the economic feasibility during pyrolysis. This study aimed to fill the knowledge gaps about the thermal behavior, products distribution, kinetics, and sulfur transformation during TDS pyrolysis in 350-575 ℃ with the heating rate of 60, 600, and 6000 ℃/min, then investigate the sulfur fixation effect of CaO under representative conditions (350 ℃, 650 ℃ with 60 ℃/min, 6000 ℃/min). The primary decomposition stage of TDS is observed in 127-557 ℃, following the Avrami-Erofeev (n = 3) model, while the activation energy presents a convergent tendency with the increased heating rate. The pyrolysis temperature and heating rates impact the cracking of organic compounds, while a weakening effect is found for the sulfur distribution. CaO addition could efficiently realize sulfur fixation in char by absorbing sulfurous gas products, but SO2 escape appeared with the increased CaO fraction. Pyrolysis condition at 650 ℃-60 ℃/min with 10 wt% CaO addition is recommended to achieve high sulfur retention, and the sulfur transformation mechanism in char during the TDS pyrolysis with and without CaO is proposed. Our findings provide novel and fundamental insights into the efficient disposal and pollution control during TDS pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yetao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Everbright Envirotech (Nanjing) Ltd, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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12
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Sanchís A, Veses A, Martínez JD, López JM, García T, Murillo R. The role of temperature profile during the pyrolysis of end-of-life-tyres in an industrially relevant conditions auger plant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115323. [PMID: 35649337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis is a chemical recycling process of interest as a means to achieve a sustainable circular economy for end-of-life tyres (ELTs). In the pyrolysis process, ELTs are converted into tyre pyrolysis gas (TPG), tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) and raw recovered carbon black (RRCB). This work investigates for the first time the effect of different temperature profiles by using a single-auger pyrolysis reactor in an industrially relevant scale (TRL-5). Since the development of this process at this representative scale is quite limited and the temperature profile has not been previously studied, the results achieved in this work can provide a useful database for the development of this process at industrial scale. For this purpose, two different sources of ELTs, commercial truck tyres (CTTs) and passenger car tyres (PCTs), were used. Accordingly, the experimental campaign was conducted using two different incremental temperature profiles (425-550-775 °C and 600-700-800 °C) based on those that can be replicated in an industrial-scale auger pyrolysis plant. For the sake of comparison, two isothermal heating conditions (500-500-500 °C and 600-600-600 °C) were also tested. The results confirmed the remarkable influence of temperature profile on both the distribution and properties of products. The 425-550-775 °C temperature profile was found to enhance limonene production, which is associated with the minimisation of secondary reactions in the first heating zone of the reactor. Additionally, there were very low carbonaceous deposits found in the RRCB because of the high severity of devolatilisation conditions in the third heating zone of the reactor. On the other hand, when the temperature profile was raised, the production of single-ring aromatics, particularly benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) significantly increased in the TPO at the expense of limonene. Thus, from this strategy, it is possible to tune the properties of the products depending on the requirements of the application in a single step, getting closer for circular economy in the ELT recycling domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sanchís
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Veses
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Juan Daniel Martínez
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Manuel López
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomás García
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramón Murillo
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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13
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Cao R, Zhou R, Liu Y, Ma D, Wang J, Guan Y, Yao Q, Sun M. Research on the pyrolysis characteristics and mechanisms of waste printed circuit boards at fast and slow heating rates. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 149:134-145. [PMID: 35728477 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis treatment of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) shows great potential for sustainable treatment and hazard reduction. In this work, based on thermogravimetry (TG), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), and density functional theory (DFT), the thermal weight loss, product distribution, and kinetics of WPCBs pyrolysis were studied by single-step and multi-step pyrolysis at fast (600 °C/min) and slow (10 °C/min) heating rates. The heating rates of TG and Py-GC/MS were the same for each group of experiments. In addition, the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of WPCBs polymer monomers was calculated by DFT method. Compared with slow pyrolysis, the final weight loss of fast pyrolysis is reduced by 0.76 wt%. The kinetic analysis indicates that the activation energies of main pyrolysis stages range from 98.29 kJ/mol to 177.59 kJ/mol. The volatile products of fast pyrolysis are mainly phenols and aromatics. With the increase of multi-step pyrolysis temperature, the order of the escaping volatiles is phenols, hydrocarbyl phenols, aromatics, and benzene (or diphenyl phenol). The pyrolysis residue of WPCBs may contains phenolics and polymers. Based on the free radical reactions, the mechanism and reaction pathways of WPCBs pyrolysis were deduced by the DFT. Moreover, a large amount of benzene is produced by pyrolysis, and its formation mechanism was elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of MOST for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, Shaanxi Research Center of Engineering Technology for Clean Coal Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Energy and Chemical Industry in Northern Shaanxi, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruishi Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of MOST for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, Shaanxi Research Center of Engineering Technology for Clean Coal Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Energy and Chemical Industry in Northern Shaanxi, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of MOST for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, Shaanxi Research Center of Engineering Technology for Clean Coal Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Energy and Chemical Industry in Northern Shaanxi, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Duo Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of MOST for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, Shaanxi Research Center of Engineering Technology for Clean Coal Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Energy and Chemical Industry in Northern Shaanxi, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of MOST for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, Shaanxi Research Center of Engineering Technology for Clean Coal Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Energy and Chemical Industry in Northern Shaanxi, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yulei Guan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of MOST for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, Shaanxi Research Center of Engineering Technology for Clean Coal Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Energy and Chemical Industry in Northern Shaanxi, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiuxiang Yao
- School of Science, Xijing University, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, Xi'an 710123, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ming Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of MOST for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources, Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy, Shaanxi Research Center of Engineering Technology for Clean Coal Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Energy and Chemical Industry in Northern Shaanxi, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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14
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Investigation of Pyrolysis Behavior of Sewage Sludge by Thermogravimetric Analysis Coupled with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry Using Different Heating Rates. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15145116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge samples from different sources including cattle and chicken manure as well as brook mud, was investigated using a thermogravimetric analysis coupled with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG-FTIR) at different heating rates (25, 50 and 100 °C/min). In order to determine the kinetic parameters, Arrhenius, model-free Kissinger–Akira–Sunose (KAS), as well as Friedman and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) methods were compared. The thermogravimetric results revealed that pyrolysis involved different stages, and that the main decomposition reactions took place in the range of 200–600 °C. In this range, decomposition of biodegradable components (e.g., lipids and polysaccharides), proteins and carbohydrates occurred; meanwhile, there were samples (e.g., cattle manure, brook mud) in which the decomposition step could be observed even at temperatures above 700 °C. According to the Arrhenius method, the activation energies of the first decomposition stage were between 25.6 and 85.4 kJ/mol, while the activation energies of the second and third stages were in the ranges of 11.4–36.3 kJ/mol and 20.2–135 kJ/mol, respectively. The activation energies were also calculated by the KAS, Friedman and FWO methods, which were in the range of 100–300 kJ/mol for municipal sewage sludge or distillery sludge, and ranged between 9.6 and 240 kJ/mol for cattle manure, chicken manure and brook mud samples.
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15
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Zheng D, Cheng J, Dai C, Xu R, Wang X, Liu N, Wang N, Yu G, Chen B. Study of passenger-car-waste-tire pyrolysis: Behavior and mechanism under kinetical regime. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 148:71-82. [PMID: 35667238 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis of passenger-car-waste-tires (PCWT) has recently attracted widespread attention because it is a highly effective disposal method. However, a comprehensive understanding of real tire pyrolytic processes is limited owing to the complicated PCWT pyrolysis reaction system, particularly regarding the reaction mechanism. This study investigated the PCWT pyrolytic processes using a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with mass spectrometry and analyzed all the pyrolytic products using pyrolysis-gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The composition and distribution of the PCWT pyrolytic products were investigated under a kinetic regime to eliminate other influences on the intrinsic reaction. The pyrolytic products mainly consisted of chain and cyclic alkenes, and monocylic aromatics. Importantly, an integral pyrolytic mechanism network for the PCWT was established based on the pyrolysis of single rubbers (natural, styrene butadiene, and butadiene rubbers). The reaction routes for the main products were determined according to the mechanism. Moreover, a kinetic study of the PCWT pyrolysis revealed the activation energy for this complicated reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Zheng
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chengna Dai
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ruinian Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xingli Wang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Gangqiang Yu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Biaohua Chen
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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16
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Osorio-Vargas P, Campos CH, Torres CC, Herrera C, Shanmugaraj K, Bustamante TM, Diaz de Leon J, Medina F, Arteaga-Pérez LE. Catalytic pyrolysis of used tires on noble-metal-based catalysts to obtain high-value chemicals: Reaction pathways. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Abdul Jameel AG, Alquaity AB, Islam KMO, Pasha AA, Khan S, Nemitallah MA, Ahmed U. Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Waste Tire Oil: Analysis of Evolved Gases. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21574-21582. [PMID: 35785323 PMCID: PMC9245105 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Valorization of waste such as waste tires offers a way to manage and reduce urban waste while deriving economic benefits. The rubber portion of waste tires has high potential to produce pyrolysis fuels that can be used for energy production or further upgraded for use as blend fuel with diesel. In the preset work, waste tire oil (WTO) was produced from the pyrolysis of waste tires in an electric heating furnace at 500-550 °C in the absence of oxygen. Pyrolysis (in nitrogen) and oxidation (in air) of the obtained WTO sample were then performed in a thermogravimetric (TG) furnace that was connected to a Fourier transform infrared cell where the evolved gases were analyzed. The WTO sample was heated up to 800 °C in the TG furnace where the temperature of the sample was ramped up at three heating rates, namely, 5, 10, and 20 °C/min. The TG mass loss and differential thermogravimetric mass loss plots were used to analyze the thermal degradation pathways. Kinetic analysis was performed using the distributed activation energy model to estimate the activation energies along the various stages of the reaction. The pollutant gases, namely, CO2, CO, NO, and H2O, formed during WTO oxidation were evaluated by means of the characteristic infrared absorbance. The functional groups evolved during pyrolysis, namely, alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, and carbonyl groups, were also analyzed. The obtained information can be used for the better design of gasifiers and combustors, to ensure the formation of high-value gaseous products while reducing the emissions. The utilization of waste tires by producing pyrolysis oils thus offers a way of tackling the menace of waste tires while acting as a potential energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Gani Abdul Jameel
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University
of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Center
for Refining & Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad B.S. Alquaity
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University
of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - KM Oajedul Islam
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University
of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Pasha
- Aerospace
Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sikandar Khan
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University
of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Medhat A. Nemitallah
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University
of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- K.A. CARE
Energy Research & Innovation Center, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama Ahmed
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University
of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Ramírez
Arias AM, Moreno-Piraján JC, Giraldo L. Kinetic Study of Waste Tire Pyrolysis Using Thermogravimetric Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16298-16305. [PMID: 35601327 PMCID: PMC9118263 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence of particle size (0.3 and 5.0 mm) and heating rate (5, 10, and 20 °C min-1) on the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis of waste tire was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and mathematical modeling. Kinetic parameters were determined using the Friedman model, the Coats-Redfern model, and the ASTM E1641 standard based on Arrhenius linearization. In the Friedman model, the activation energy was between 40 and 117 kJ mol-1 for a particle size of 0.3 mm and between 23 and 119 kJ mol-1 for a particle size of 5.0 mm. In the Coats-Redfern model, the activation energy is in a range of 46 to 87 kJ mol-1 for a particle size of 0.3 mm and in a range of 43 to 124 kJ mol-1 for a particle size of 5.0 mm. Finally, in the ASTM E1641 standard, the activation energy calculated was between 56 and 60 kJ mol-1 for both particle sizes. This study was performed to obtain kinetic parameters from different mathematical methods, examining how the particle size and heating rate influence them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida M. Ramírez
Arias
- Departamento
de Química, Grupo de Investigación en Sólidos
Porosos y Calorimetría, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján
- Departamento
de Química, Grupo de Investigación en Sólidos
Porosos y Calorimetría, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Liliana Giraldo
- Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
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19
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Chen G, Sun B, Li J, Lin F, Xiang L, Yan B. Products distribution and pollutants releasing characteristics during pyrolysis of waste tires under different thermal process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127351. [PMID: 34879557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis has been widely utilized to achieve resource recovery of waste tires by attaining oil and carbon black. However, due to the stacking effect of fixed bed, the heat and mass transfer is insufficient during the pyrolysis process of waste tires. Additionally, the harmful N/S/Cl pollutants and heavy metals are inevitable that has been ignored. This paper systematically studied the effect of promoting heat and mass transfer on the oil quality and pollutant releasing characteristics during the pyrolysis of waste tires. A fixed bed pyrolizer with multifunction was innovatively designed to conduct fast pyrolysis by equipping an intermittent feeder and slow pyrolysis by equipping an agitator. Fast pyrolysis with feeding step by step and slow pyrolysis with stirring could promote the heat and mass transfer, which was firstly researched in lab-scale reactor. The experimental results demonstrated that slow pyrolysis with stirring was recommended with the target of acquiring pyrolytic oil. Promoting heat and mass transfer could improve the quality of oil and increase the retaining proportion of S in char during both fast and slow pyrolysis. The combustion of pyrolysis oil and gas generated more dioxins (0.6 ng/gwt) than the total dioxins in pyrolytic gas and oil (0.06 ng/gwt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin 300072, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, PR China
| | - Bingyan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jiantao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Fawei Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Li Xiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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20
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Osorio-Vargas P, Shanmugaraj K, Herrera C, Campos CH, Torres CC, Castillo-Puchi F, Arteaga-Pérez LE. Valorization of Waste Tires via Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Using Palladium Supported on Natural Halloysite. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Osorio-Vargas
- Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC-UBB), Departamento Ingeneria en Maderas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas “Dr. J.J. Ronco” (CINDECA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP-CCT La Plata, CONICET, 47 No. 257, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Krishnamoorthy Shanmugaraj
- Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Físico-Química, Edmundo Larenas 129. Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Carla Herrera
- Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Físico-Química, Edmundo Larenas 129. Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Cristian H. Campos
- Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Físico-Química, Edmundo Larenas 129. Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Cecilia C. Torres
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Sede Concepción, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano 7100, Talcahuano 4260000, Chile
| | - Francisca Castillo-Puchi
- Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC-UBB), Departamento Ingeneria en Maderas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Luis E. Arteaga-Pérez
- Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC-UBB), Departamento Ingeneria en Maderas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4030000, Chile
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21
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Youn JS, Kim YM, Siddiqui MZ, Watanabe A, Han S, Jeong S, Jung YW, Jeon KJ. Quantification of tire wear particles in road dust from industrial and residential areas in Seoul, Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147177. [PMID: 33895514 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined tire and road wear microparticles (TRWMPs) in road dust along the Seoul metropolitan area, from industrial and residential areas. The road dust samples were collected via vacuum sweep methods and then filtered to obtain particles with diameters less than 75 μm. To quantify the TRWMPs in road dust, we used the raw materials of tire components, natural rubber (NR), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), as standard materials. We evaluated the usability of the pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry py-GC/MS method introduced in ISO/TS 20593 by confirming the decomposition temperatures of the NR and SBR by thermogravimetric (TG) and evolved gas analysis (EGA)-MS. The average of TRWMPs in industrial and residential area road dust were 22,581 and 9818 μg/g, respectively, indicating that the industrial area has 2.5 times higher TRWMPs concentration. Further, the NR, the main component of truck bus radial, to SBR, the main component of passenger car radial, ratio was slightly higher in the industrial area than in the residential area. This presumably means that the high traffic volume, including heavy duty vehicles in industrial areas, affected the higher concentration of TRWMPs. This study reveals the growing evidence of the importance of TRWMPs in road dust and how TRWMPs quantity can impact the air quality of the Seoul metropolitan area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Sang Youn
- Department of Environmental Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Zain Siddiqui
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sehyun Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Jeong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Won Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Joon Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Sun X, Zhu Z, Zaman F, Huang Y, Guan Y. Detection and kinetic simulation of animal hair/wool wastes pyrolysis toward high-efficiency and sustainable management. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 131:305-312. [PMID: 34216872 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of solid wastes are produced each year in the leather industry. The considerable wastes generated exhibit tremendous application potential in terms of renewable energy sources and functional materials. Among them, animal hair/wool wastes possess high carbon content, which can be used sustainably and efficiently by using pyrolysis. Herein, the pyrolysis process of hair/wool wastes was investigated using TG-IR and Py-GC/MS, while the pyrolysis kinetic and thermodynamic were analyzed using "model-free" methods. The results showed that the hair/wool waste pyrolysis process can be divided into three stages: dehydration, devolatilization, and carbonization. The volatile products were mainly phenols (7.42%) and heterocyclic compounds (21.26%), which can be directly used as bio-energy (bio-gases and bio-oil) or converted to other useful chemical products. The kinetic parameters (Ea and A) calculated using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, and Kissinger methods indicated the complexity of the decomposition reactions, which was also confirmed by thermodynamic (ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS) calculation. Some suggestions have also been provided for the preparation of functional biochar with heteroatoms (i.e., N, O, and S) doping. These results not only provide a guide for designing the pyrolysis of hair/wool wastes but can also help develop a potential method to convert the hair/wool wastes into bioenergy to achieve sustainable development of the leather industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuonan Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Fakhar Zaman
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuepeng Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nano Fiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou J, Song W, Li Y, Wang B, Cheng R. High-quality syngas production: The green and efficient utilization of waste tire and waste heat from the steelmaking converter process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 131:98-107. [PMID: 34120080 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a new technology in which waste tire powders are injected into a converter vaporization cooling flue for gas recovery via pyrolysis using high-temperature waste heat. The higher temperature pyrolysis behavior of waste tire powder under different heating rates was investigated using a TG-MS technique. A drop tube furnace was used to simulate the converter vaporization cooling flue to investigate the effect of high temperatures on waste tire powder pyrolysis. The results indicated that secondary pyrolysis occurred above 900 °C with low weight and weight loss rates, which were considerably lower than those observed in the thermal degradation stage. The main gaseous products formed were CO, CO2, H2, CH4, and H2O. The drop tube furnace experimental results indicated that high temperatures can facilitate the degradation of waste tire powder to generate more H2 and CO and improve the low heating values. At 1200 °C, the H2 and CO contents were approximately 19.60% and 4.90%, respectively. The low heating value was 29.64 MJ/Nm3. The char yield was in the range of 32.67%-37.33%; the fixed carbon content increased from 79.63% to 84.75%. The results provide preliminary verification of the feasibility of injecting waste tire powders into a converter vaporization cooling flue for gas recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Refractories & Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Weiming Song
- State Key Laboratory of Refractories & Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
| | - Yujie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Refractories & Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Bao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Refractories & Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China.
| | - Rijin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Refractories & Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China
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Li C, Ji G, Qu Y, Irfan M, Zhu K, Wang X, Li A. Influencing mechanism of zinc mineral contamination on pyrolysis kinetic and product characteristics of corn biomass. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 281:111837. [PMID: 33418387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metal mineral has a complex influence on the thermal decomposition of biomass due to the sophisticated structure of biomass and parallel reactions. Therefore, the influencing mechanisms of metal minerals on biomass decomposition kinetic expressions needed to be thoroughly investigated. In this study, the decomposition of the three major components of biomass was considered separately. The iso-conversional method and integral master-plots method based on thermogravimetry were firstly introduced to explore the kinetic model changes after the introduction of zinc mineral. The thermogravimetric results showed that the presence of zinc mineral had discrepant influences on different biomass components, demoting the fragmentation of hemicellulose while promoting cellulose degradation. In the kinetic analysis, the presence of zinc mineral, the activation energy of three pseudo-components (91.90, 184.64 and 210.91 kJ mol-1) increased to 178.84, 299.05, and 359.45 kJ mol-1, respectively. The kinetic models were altered from 2.0-order reaction (F2.0) for hemicellulose, random nucleation (A1.8) for cellulose, and 2.3-order reaction (F2.3) for lignin to F2.8, F3.0, and F3.2, respectively. This indicated that the zinc mineral was beneficial to the occurrence of multimolecular repolymerization of the primary degradation products. In products analysis, the increment of biochar yields and the C4-C5 products of cellulose (especially furfural) in metal-polluted biomass pyrolysis were detected, which confirmed the simulated reaction mechanisms. The obtained results are expected to provide a mechanism reference to practical applications of metal-contaminated biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Guozhao Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Yi Qu
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, PR China; International Faculty of Applied Technology, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Kongyun Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Xuexue Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Aimin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
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Tang X, Chen Z, Liu J, Chen Z, Xie W, Evrendilek F, Buyukada M. Dynamic pyrolysis behaviors, products, and mechanisms of waste rubber and polyurethane bicycle tires. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123516. [PMID: 32739726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Given their non-biodegradable, space-consuming, and environmentally more benign nature, waste bicycle tires may be pyrolyzed for cleaner energies relative to the waste truck, car, and motorcycle tires. This study combined thermogravimetry (TG), TG-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses to dynamically characterize the pyrolysis behavior, gaseous products, and reaction mechanisms of both waste rubber (RT) and polyurethane tires (PUT) of bicycles. The main devolatilization process included the decompositions of the natural, styrene-butadiene, and butadiene rubbers for RT and of urethane groups in the hard segments, polyols in the soft segments, and regenerated isocyanates for PUT. The main TG-FTIR-detected functional groups included C-H, C=C, C=O, and C-O for both waste tires, and also, N-H and C-O-C for the PUT pyrolysis. The main Py-GC/MS-detected pyrolysis products in the decreasing order were isoprene and D-limonene for RT and 4, 4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and 2-hexene for PUT. The kinetic, thermodynamic, and comprehensive pyrolysis index data verified the easier decomposition of PUT than RT. The pyrolysis mechanism models for three sub-stages of the main devolatilization process were best described by two-dimensional diffusion and two second-order models for RT, and the three consecutive reaction-order (three-halves order, first-order, and second-order) models for PUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zihong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wuming Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, 14052, Turkey
| | - Musa Buyukada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, 14052, Turkey
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26
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Mavukwana AE, Sempuga C. Recent developments in waste tyre pyrolysis and gasification processes. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2020.1864624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athi-enkosi Mavukwana
- Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Celestin Sempuga
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability, College of Science,Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), c/o Christiaan de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida Campus 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa
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27
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Tuning the product distribution during the catalytic pyrolysis of waste tires: The effect of the nature of metals and the reaction temperature. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sarı A, Saleh TA, Hekimoğlu G, Tuzen M, Tyagi VV. Evaluation of carbonized waste tire for development of novel shape stabilized composite phase change material for thermal energy storage. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 103:352-360. [PMID: 31923842 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work is focused on the preparation of an activated charcoal by carbonization of waste tire rubbers (WTRs) and its evaluation for shape-stabilization of dodecyl alcohol (DDA) as an organic phase change material (PCM) used for thermal energy storage (TES). In the composite, DDA had TES function as carbonized waste tire (CWT) acted as supporting and thermal conductive frameworks. CWT prevented leakage of melted DDA during phase change due to its good adsorption ability until the weight ratio of DDA reached 78%. The shape-stabilized composite PCM was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, DSC and TGA techniques. The DSC results revealed that the composite PCM had very appropriate melting point of 21.68 ± 0.12 °C and considerable high latent heat capacity of 181.6 ± 1.2 J/g for thermoregulation of buildings. Compared to DDA, thermal degradation temperature of the composite PCM was extended as about 50 °C. The 500-cycled composite PCM had still showed reliable TES properties. Additionally, thermal conductivity (0.431 ± 0.010 W/m·K) of the composite PCM was measured as about 2.3 times higher than that of DDA. The heating and cooling periods of the composite PCM were reduced by 17.2 and 20.0%, respectively compared to that of DDA due to its enhanced thermal conductivity. All results suggested that the produced CWT as low-cost and environmental friendly supporting material can be evaluated for absorbing PCMs used for passive solar TES utilization in buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Sarı
- Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Centers of Research Excellence, Renewable Energy Research Institute, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tawfik A Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Mineral, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gökhan Hekimoğlu
- Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Tuzen
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Research Institute, Center for Environment and Water, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
| | - V V Tyagi
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra 182320, J&K, India; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia
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